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Heenan M, Hart AC, Cullerton K, Jan S, Shanthosh J. Legal and regulatory instruments for NCD prevention: a scoping review and descriptive analysis of evaluations in OECD countries. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:641. [PMID: 38424545 PMCID: PMC10903077 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18053-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Public health law is an important tool in non-communicable disease (NCD) prevention. There are different approaches available for achieving policy objectives, including government, co-, quasi- and self-regulation. However, it is often unclear what legal design features drive successes or failures in particular contexts. This scoping review undertakes a descriptive analysis, exploring the design characteristics of legal instruments that have been used for NCD prevention and implemented and evaluated in OECD countries. METHODS A scoping review was conducted across four health and legal databases (Scopus, EMBASE, MEDLINE, HeinOnline), identifying study characteristics, legal characteristics and regulatory approaches, and reported outcomes. Included studies focused on regulation of tobacco, alcohol, unhealthy foods and beverages, and environmental pollutants. FINDINGS We identified 111 relevant studies evaluating 126 legal instruments. Evaluation measures most commonly assessed implementation, compliance and changes to the built and lived environment. Few studies evaluated health or economic outcomes. When examining the design and governance mechanisms of the included legal instruments, government regulation was most commonly evaluated (n = 90) and most likely to be reported effective (64%). Self-regulation (n = 27) and quasi-regulation (n = 5) were almost always reported to be ineffective (93% and 100% respectively). There were few co-regulated instruments evaluated (n = 4) with mixed effectiveness. When examining public health risks, food and beverages including alcohol were more likely to be self- or quasi-regulated and reported as ineffective more often. In comparison, tobacco and environmental pollutants were more likely to have government mandated regulation. Many evaluations lacked critical information on regulatory design. Monitoring and enforcement of regulations was inconsistently reported, making it difficult to draw linkages to outcomes and reported effectiveness. CONCLUSIONS Food and alcohol regulation has tended to be less successful in part due to the strong reliance on self- and quasi-regulation. More work should be done in understanding how government regulation can be extended to these areas. Public health law evaluations are important for supporting government decision-making but must provide more detail of the design and implementation features of the instruments being evaluated - critical information for policy-makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddie Heenan
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Level 5/ 1 King St Newtown, Sydney, NSW, 2042, Australia.
- The Australian Prevention Partnership Centre, Level 3, 30C Wentworth Street, Glebe, NSW, 2037, Australia.
- Australian Human Rights Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | - Ashleigh Chanel Hart
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Level 5/ 1 King St Newtown, Sydney, NSW, 2042, Australia
| | - Katherine Cullerton
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, 266 Herston Rd, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Stephen Jan
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Level 5/ 1 King St Newtown, Sydney, NSW, 2042, Australia
| | - Janani Shanthosh
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Level 5/ 1 King St Newtown, Sydney, NSW, 2042, Australia
- Australian Human Rights Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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Townsend B, Johnson TD, Ralston R, Cullerton K, Martin J, Collin J, Baum F, Arnanz L, Holmes R, Friel S. A framework of NGO inside and outside strategies in the commercial determinants of health: findings from a narrative review. Global Health 2023; 19:74. [PMID: 37817196 PMCID: PMC10565967 DOI: 10.1186/s12992-023-00978-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Public health scholarship has uncovered a wide range of strategies used by industry actors to promote their products and influence government regulation. Less is known about the strategies used by non-government organisations to attempt to influence commercial practices. This narrative review applies a political science typology to identify a suite of 'inside' and 'outside' strategies used by NGOs to attempt to influence the commercial determinants of health. METHODS We conducted a systematic search in Web of Science, ProQuest and Scopus. Articles were eligible for inclusion if they comprised an empirical study, explicitly sought to examine 'NGOs', were in English, and identified at least one NGO strategy aimed at commercial and/or government policy and practice. RESULTS One hundred forty-four studies met the inclusion criteria. Eight industry sectors were identified: extractive, tobacco, food, alcohol, pharmaceuticals, weapons, textiles and asbestos, and a small number of general studies. We identified 18 types of NGO strategies, categorised according to the target (i.e. commercial actor or government actor) and type of interaction with the target (i.e. inside or outside). Of these, five NGO 'inside' strategies targeted commercial actors directly: 1) participation in partnerships and multistakeholder initiatives; 2) private meetings and roundtables; 3) engaging with company AGMs and shareholders; 4) collaborations other than partnerships; and 5) litigation. 'Outside' strategies targeting commercial actors through the mobilisation of public opinion included 1) monitoring and reporting; 2) protests at industry sites; 3) boycotts; 4) directly engaging the public; and 5) creative use of alternative spaces. Four NGO 'inside' strategies directly targeting government actors included: 1) lobbying; 2) drafting legislation, policies and standards; 3) providing technical support and training; and 4) litigation. NGO 'outside' strategies targeting government included 1) protests and public campaigns; 2) monitoring and reporting; 3) forum shifting; and 4) proposing and initiating alternative solutions. We identified three types of NGO impact: substantive, procedural, and normative. CONCLUSION The analysis presents a matrix of NGO strategies used to target commercial and government actors across a range of industry sectors. This framework can be used to guide examination of which NGO strategies are effective and appropriate, and which conditions enable NGO influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda Townsend
- Australian Research Centre for Health Equity, School of Regulation and Global Governance, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
| | - Timothy D Johnson
- Australian Research Centre for Health Equity, School of Regulation and Global Governance, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Rob Ralston
- Global Health Policy Unit, Social Policy, School of Social and Political Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Jane Martin
- Obesity Policy Coalition, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jeff Collin
- Global Health Policy Unit, Social Policy, School of Social and Political Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Fran Baum
- Stretton Health Equity & School of Social Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Rodney Holmes
- Foundation for Alcohol Research and Education, Canberra, Australia
| | - Sharon Friel
- Australian Research Centre for Health Equity, School of Regulation and Global Governance, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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Whelan J, Brimblecombe J, Christian M, Vargas C, Ferguson M, McMahon E, Lee A, Bell C, Boelsen-Robinson T, Blake MR, Lewis M, Alston L, Allender S. CO-Creation and Evaluation of Food Environments to Advance Community Health (COACH). AJPM FOCUS 2023; 2:100111. [PMID: 37790671 PMCID: PMC10546519 DOI: 10.1016/j.focus.2023.100111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Food environments are a key determinant of food intake and diet-related health. This paper describes the development of an iterative, adaptive, context-specific framework for health-enabling food environments embedded in cocreation theory. Methods A 3-stage multimethod framework for the coproduction and prototyping of public health interventions was followed in an iterative manner during the development of the framework. These 3 stages were (1) evidence review, including systematic review, consultation with experts, and observation of current work; (2) codesign of the framework prototype with multiple stakeholders; and (3) coproduction through refinement of the prototype through stakeholder workshops and expert reviews with incorporation of researcher notes and workshop evaluation. We use the term prototype during the development phase and the term framework to report on the final product. Results COACH (CO-creation and evaluation of food environments to Advance Community Health) is a process framework that describes what best practice application of cocreation in health-enabling food retail environments should involve. COACH consists of 10 interdependent factors within a 4-phase continuous quality improvement cycle. The 4 phases of the cycle are engagement and governance establishment, communication and policy alignment, codesign and implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. Conclusions Utilizing cocreation theory represents an innovative step in research and practice to improve the healthiness of food retail environments. COACH provides a specific, unique, and comprehensive guide to the utilization of cocreation to improve the healthiness of food environments in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian Whelan
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition (GLOBE), Institute of Health Transformation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Julie Brimblecombe
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Meaghan Christian
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Carmen Vargas
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition (GLOBE), Institute of Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Megan Ferguson
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Wellbeing and Preventable Chronic Disease Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Australia
| | - Emma McMahon
- Wellbeing and Preventable Chronic Disease Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Australia
| | - Amanda Lee
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Colin Bell
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition (GLOBE), Institute of Health Transformation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Tara Boelsen-Robinson
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition (GLOBE), Institute of Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Miranda R. Blake
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition (GLOBE), Institute of Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Meron Lewis
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Laura Alston
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition (GLOBE), Institute of Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- Deakin Rural Health, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Warrnambool, Australia
| | - Steven Allender
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition (GLOBE), Institute of Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
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Zhang S, He Z, Zeng M, Chen J. Impact of Matrix Species and Mass Spectrometry on Matrix Effects in Multi-Residue Pesticide Analysis Based on QuEChERS-LC-MS. Foods 2023; 12:foods12061226. [PMID: 36981154 PMCID: PMC10048110 DOI: 10.3390/foods12061226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
With the popularity of multi-residue pesticide analysis based on quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) cleanup and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS), matching optimal matrix-matched calibration protocols and LC-MS conditions to reduce matrix effects (MEs) has become a crucial task for analysts in their routines. However, dozens to hundreds of pesticide analytes in a single run generate increasingly multi-dimensional ME data, requiring appropriate tools to handle these data sets. Therefore, we established an ME analysis strategy by drawing on analytical thinking and tools from metabolomics analysis. Using this, matrix species-induced and mass spectrometry-induced systematic ME variations were distinguished, and pesticides contributed to the variations were scanned out. A simultaneous weakening of MEs on 24 pesticides in 32 different matrices was achieved using the time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (TOF-MS) scan under the information-dependent acquisition (IDA) mode of high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS), compared to multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) scanning by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Bay leaf, ginger, rosemary, Amomum tsao-ko, Sichuan pepper, cilantro, Houttuynia cordata, and garlic sprout showed enhanced signal suppression in the MRM scan for 105 differential MRM transitions for 42 pesticides and in IDA mode for 33 pesticides, respectively. This study revealed the interference of matrix species and mass spectrometry on MEs and provided a novel strategy for ME analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Joint Laboratory of Omics Technologies for Special Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhiyong He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Maomao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-139-6176-1357
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O’Mahony S, O’Donovan CB, Collins N, Burke K, Doyle G, Gibney ER. Reformulation of Processed Yogurt and Breakfast Cereals over Time: A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3322. [PMID: 36834017 PMCID: PMC9964677 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Poor diet is responsible for a quarter of European non-communicable disease (NCD)-related deaths. The reformulation of sugar, salt, and saturated fat in processed packaged foods offers an opportunity to reduce consumption of nutrients of concern and also support a reduction in energy intake. To date, there have been no publications measuring progress in food reformulation by compiling published evidence for a food category. The aim of this scoping review was to identify, characterize and summarise the findings of studies analysing the reformulation of processed yogurt and breakfast cereals. The review answered the research question: "What is the impact of food reformulation on the nutrient quality of yogurt and breakfast cereals available in the retail environment?" The research protocol was defined based on PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Five databases were searched in May 2022. Thirteen studies, published between 2010 and 2021 and completed across seven countries were eligible for inclusion. There were sufficient eligible studies to identify trends in sodium, salt, and sugar reduction in breakfast cereals. However, there was minimal or no reduction in energy, which may bring into question the use of food reformulation as part of an overall health strategy for obesity reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinead O’Mahony
- Food Safety Authority of Ireland, The Exchange, Georges Dock, D01 P2V6 Dublin, Ireland
- Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Clare B. O’Donovan
- Food Safety Authority of Ireland, The Exchange, Georges Dock, D01 P2V6 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nuala Collins
- Food Safety Authority of Ireland, The Exchange, Georges Dock, D01 P2V6 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kevin Burke
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| | - Gerardine Doyle
- College of Business, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
- UCD Geary Institute of Public Policy, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eileen R. Gibney
- Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
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Ngqangashe Y, Friel S. Regulatory governance pathways to improve the efficacy of Australian food policies. Aust N Z J Public Health 2022; 46:710-715. [PMID: 36047854 DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.13284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effective regulatory governance, which entails the actors, processes and contexts within which policies are developed, designed and implemented, is crucial for food policies to improve food environments, consumer behaviour and diet-related health. OBJECTIVE To critically assess Australian food policies for the presence of necessary and sufficient regulatory governance conditions that have been shown to effect positive nutrition outcomes from food policies. METHODS We assessed the Australian National Association of Advertisers (AANA) Food and Beverage Advertising Code, Health Star Rating Front of Pack labelling system and Sodium reformulation under the Healthy Food Partnership (HFP). The policies were analysed for the presence/absence of five regulatory governance conditions - the extent of industry involvement, regulatory design, instrument design, monitoring and enforcement. RESULTS All three policies lack one or more regulatory governance conditions crucial for policy success. Each policy has high industry involvement, an absence of government-led policy-making underpinned by legislation and lacks comprehensive enforcement. Except for the Health Star Rating system, the policies did not have comprehensive monitoring - a necessary condition for policy success. PUBLIC HEALTH IMPLICATIONS The efficacy of these three policies can be enhanced by minimising industry involvement, improving government oversight and improving monitoring systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yandisa Ngqangashe
- Menzies Centre for Health Governance, School of Regulation and Global governance, Australian National University, Australian Capital Territory
| | - Sharon Friel
- Menzies Centre for Health Governance, School of Regulation and Global governance, Australian National University, Australian Capital Territory
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Bach-Faig A, Wickramasinghe K, Panadero N, Fàbregues S, Rippin H, Halloran A, Fresán U, Pattison M, Breda J. Consensus-building around the conceptualisation and implementation of sustainable healthy diets: a foundation for policymakers. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1480. [PMID: 35927688 PMCID: PMC9351147 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13756-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthy and sustainable diets need to be adopted to reduce the negative impact of food consumption on human and planetary health. Food systems account for a third of greenhouse gas emissions. "Dietary Patterns for Health and Sustainability" is a World Health Organization (WHO) project that aims to build consensus among international food, health, and sustainability experts and policymakers on how to conceptualise healthy and sustainable diets and on the actions and policies that could be implemented in the WHO European Region to promote these diets. METHODS A qualitative study among European food, health, and sustainability experts and policymakers to elicit their views on multiple dimensions of food sustainability and health was carried out using a three-phase process, including semi-structured interviews, a Nominal Group Technique, and focus groups during a participatory WHO workshop held in Copenhagen. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the three data sources. RESULTS The workshop resulted in a shared understanding of the interconnected components of sustainable healthy eating habits. As a result of this understanding, a variety of potential solutions were identified, including actions across different policy domains, tools, strategic guidelines, needs, and pathways for sustainable healthy diets. The pathways included the need for a multi-stakeholder approach, as well as the simultaneous execution of an aligned and coherent mix of policies at the local and national levels. CONCLUSIONS The prioritised actions should be aimed at helping government policymakers promote sustainable healthy diets and make decisions on improving dietary patterns for citizens' health and wellbeing in line with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals in the European Region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bach-Faig
- FoodLab Research Group (2017SGR 83), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC), 08018, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kremlin Wickramasinghe
- WHO European Office for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, Moscow, 125009, Russia.
| | - Natalia Panadero
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC), 08018, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Fàbregues
- Department of Psychology and Education, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC), 08018, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Holly Rippin
- WHO European Office for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, Moscow, 125009, Russia
| | - Afton Halloran
- WHO European Office for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, Moscow, 125009, Russia
| | - Ujué Fresán
- e-Health Group, Instituto de Salud Global Barcelona (ISGlobal), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mary Pattison
- WHO European Office for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, Moscow, 125009, Russia
| | - João Breda
- Athens Office Quality of Care, Division of Country Health Policies and Systems, WHO Greece, 10675, Athens, Greece
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Al-Jawaldeh A, Jabbour J. Marketing of Food and Beverages to Children in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: A Situational Analysis of the Regulatory Framework. Front Nutr 2022; 9:868937. [PMID: 35662943 PMCID: PMC9158545 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.868937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Marketing of food items high in added saturated and/or trans-fat, sugar, or sodium (HFSS) negatively affect consumption patterns of young children. The World Health Organization (WHO) advised countries to regulate the marketing of foods and non-alcoholic beverages to young populations. The aim of this manuscript is to provide a situational analysis of the regulatory framework of food marketing policies targeting children in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR). A semi structured questionnaire was shared with the focal points of EMR member states inquiring about the reforms and monitoring initiatives in place. Electronic databases were searched for relevant publications between 2005 and 2021. Results revealed that even though 68% of countries discussed the recommendations, progress toward the WHO set goals has been slow with only 14% of countries implementing any kind of restrictions and none executing a comprehensive approach. Reforms have focused on local television and radio marketing and left out several loopholes related to marketing on the internet, mobile applications, and cross border marketing. Recent monitoring initiatives revealed a slight improvement in the content of advertised material. Yet, unhealthy products are the most promoted in the region. This review identified the need to intensify the efforts to legislate comprehensive food marketing policies within and across EMR countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayoub Al-Jawaldeh
- Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, World Health Organization, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Jana Jabbour
- Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, World Health Organization, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, Modern University for Business and Sciences, Beirut, Lebanon
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Taren D, Akseer N, Davis CD, Miller JW, Moustaid-Moussa N, Novotny R, Slupsky CM, Saroja Voruganti V, Cameron JM. Eighty years of nutritional sciences, and counting. Nutr Rev 2021; 80:1-5. [PMID: 34891168 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Taren
- Department of Pediatrics Nutrition Section, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Nadia Akseer
- Modern Scientist Global and the Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Cindy D Davis
- Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
| | - Joshua W Miller
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Naima Moustaid-Moussa
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Services and the Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Rachel Novotny
- Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences Department, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, and the Children's Healthy Living Center of Excellence, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Carolyn M Slupsky
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - V Saroja Voruganti
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - James M Cameron
- International Life Sciences Institute, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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