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Wittleder S, Reinelt T, Milanowski L, Viglione C, Jay M, Oettingen G. Testing Go/No-Go training effects on implicit evaluations of unhealthy and healthy snack foods. Psychol Health 2024; 39:573-593. [PMID: 35946400 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2022.2105335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite intending to eat healthy foods, people often yield to temptation. In environments rife with unhealthy food options, a positive implicit evaluation of unhealthy foods may inadvertently influence unhealthy choices. This study investigates if and under which conditions implicit evaluations of unhealthy and healthy foods can be influenced by a computer-based Go/No-Go (GNG) training. DESIGN Undergraduate student participants (N = 161 participants; 117 females, 44 males; Mage = 19 years, SD = 2 years) completed a GNG training with two healthy (grape and nut) and two unhealthy (potato chip and cookie) stimuli. Participants were either instructed to inhibit their responses to the potato chip (No-Go Chips/Go Grape) or to a grape (No-Go Grape/Go Chips). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Implicit evaluations of chips and grapes were assessed using the Extrinsic Affective Simon Task. RESULTS This GNG training impacted implicit evaluations of chips, but not grapes. GNG training effects were stronger for participants with lower sensitivity for behavioural inhibition measured with the Behavioural Inhibition System scale. CONCLUSION GNG training might help people change implicit food evaluations. More research is needed to understand how individual and training characteristics affect outcomes with the goal of tailoring and optimising the GNG training to produce the strongest effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tilman Reinelt
- Family Larsson-Rosenquist Foundation Center for Neurodevelopment, Growth, and Nutrition of the Newborn, Department of Neonatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luiça Milanowski
- Department of Psychology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Clare Viglione
- UC San Diego Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Longevity Science, San Diego University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Melanie Jay
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Huang J, Chan SC, Pang WS, Chow SH, Fung YC, Keung VMW, Cheung CKM, Lo ASC, Mui LWH, Lee A, Wong MCS. Factors associated with consuming unhealthy food in school children: A population-based study from Hong Kong. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e1964. [PMID: 38476586 PMCID: PMC10927937 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Unhealthy diets were found to be the main contributor to the overweight problem among adolescents. In this study, we aim to identify the factors causing unhealthy eating habits in adolescents. Methods School-aged children and adolescents participated in this cross-sectional observational study with additional school and parental consent. A self-administered survey was conducted by 30 primary schools and 25 secondary schools. Participants were asked about the frequency of consuming unhealthy food and the types of unhealthy food consumed. A descriptive analysis was performed to demonstrate the proportions of characteristics. The prevalence of the outcome among participants of various factors was also analyzed using separate binary regression models. Results A total of 4884 responses were collected. Among primary school students (grade 4, mean age: 10.06), people who (1) were actively gaining weight (aOR: 1.651, 95% CI 1.006-2.708, p = 0.047), (2) went to bed after 11 p.m. (aOR: 1.652, 95% CI 1.065-2.563, p = 0.025), (3) had more than 2 h of gaming (aOR: 2.833, 95% CI 1.913-4.195, p < 0.001), (4) suffered from self-report depressive symptoms (aOR: 1.753, 95% CI 1.233-2.493, p = 0.002) was more likely to consume unhealthy food. As for secondary school students (grade 3, mean age: 15.28), (1) males (aOR: 1.266, 95% CI 1.0004-1.601, p = 0.0496), (2) average-to-high socioeconomic status (Average: aOR: 1.471, 95% CI 1.115-1.941, p = 0.006; High: aOR: 2.253, 95% CI 1.585-3.202. p < 0.001), (3) having more than 2 h of gaming (aOR: 1.342, 95% CI 1.069-1.685, p = 0.011), (4) suffering from psychological distress (aOR: 1.395, 95% CI 1.051-1.852, p = 0.021) were associated with the increased odds of consuming unhealthy food. Conclusion Several lifestyle and health factors were significantly associated with unhealthy eating behaviors in school-aged children and adolescents in Hong Kong, sharing similarities with many other countries. In conjunction with implementing a policy that addresses factors for unhealthy eating habits, further research should investigate potential interventions targeting these factors to ultimately tackle the overweight and obesity concern for children and adolescents in Hong Kong.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Huang
- Centre for Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Sze Chai Chan
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Wing Sze Pang
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Shui Hang Chow
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Yat Ching Fung
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Vera M. W. Keung
- Centre for Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Calvin K. M. Cheung
- Centre for Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Amelia S. C. Lo
- Centre for Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Lancelot W. H. Mui
- Centre for Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Albert Lee
- Centre for Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Martin C. S. Wong
- Centre for Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
- The School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijingChina
- The School of Public HealthThe Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and The Peking Union Medical CollegesBeijingChina
- The School of Public HealthFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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Wang Y, Yu D, Yang Z, Zhao L. [Changes of sweet beverage and unhealthy food consumption among infant and young child aged 6-24 months old in China]. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu 2023; 52:919-923. [PMID: 38115655 DOI: 10.19813/j.cnki.weishengyanjiu.2023.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the change of sweet beverage and unhealthy food consumption among infant and young child aged 6-23 months in 2013, 2016-2017, China. METHODS Data was from the China Nutrition and Health Surveillance among Children and Lactating Women in 2013, 2016-2017.9983, 20 423 children aged 6-23 months old were involved respectively. The sweet beverage and unhealthy food consumption was analyzed with WHO and UNICEF 2021 updated infant and young child feeding indicators. Data analyses were conducted using the complex weight based on national census from National Bureau of Statistics in 2010. Rao-Scott Chi-square was used test for statistical difference. RESULTS The proportions of sweet beverage consumption among children aged 6-23 months was 20.2%(95%CI 16.0%-24.4%) in 2013; it was 29.6% in large cities, and 14.0% in poor rural areas, but there was no significant difference in different areas. Compared with 2013, the proportions of sweet beverage consumption increased significantly in 2016-2017, reaching 51.7%(95%CI 48.9%-54.4%); it was 54.1% in medium and small cities, and 44.3% in large cities. The proportions of unhealthy food consumption among children aged 6-23 months was 31.2%(95%CI 23.2%-39.3%) in 2013; it was 46.3% in medium and small cities, and 16.3% in poor rural areas. Compared with 2013, the proportions of unhealthy food consumption was 35.6%(95%CI 33.6%-39.3%) in 2016-2017, and no significant difference was observed(Rao-Scott χ~2=0.96, P=0.33); It was 38.6% in medium and small cities, and reached 30% in large cities and poor rural areas. For those 2 indicators at the same survey, no consistent differences were observed between boys and girls and there was significant difference in various months of age(P<0.01). CONCLUSION In China, the proportion of sweet beverage consumption among children aged 6-23 months has increased significantly, and the intake of unhealthy food is relatively stable. Children aged over 12 months and in rural areas need to be concerned about.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Wang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Dongmei Yu
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of National Health Committee, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhenyu Yang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of National Health Committee, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Liyun Zhao
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of National Health Committee, Beijing 100050, China
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Jena S, Parida J, Panda A, Behera SS, Pradhan A, Patra PK, Pati S, Kaur H, Acharya SK. Knowledge, practices and influencing factors defining unhealthy food behavior among adolescents in India: a scoping review. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1161319. [PMID: 37359888 PMCID: PMC10285663 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1161319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Unhealthy food behaviors are the major contributing factors to the rising burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among adolescents in India. Knowledge and practices related to unhealthy eating are significant factors influencing adolescents' food behavior. In this scoping review, we aim to map evidence and identify gaps on knowledge, practices, and the influencing factors associated with unhealthy food behavior among Indian adolescents by examining the existing literature. Arksey and O'Malley's scoping review framework and the Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewers' manual were used for this review. After the screening, 33 articles were identified according to the inclusion criteria. Data extraction was performed according to the study objectives, followed by narrative summarization. The studies included a total of 20,566 adolescents. Most studies reported insufficient knowledge about healthy food choices among adolescents. Diet intake patterns among the adolescents showed a lower amount of fruits and vegetables and an increase in fried items, sugar-sweetened beverages, packaged food, and fast food in both sexes, with a broader association with peer influence (21.2%), parental unhealthy food behavior (15.1%), place of residence (6.06%), emotional status (6.06%), and mass media exposure (18.1%). The scoping review highlights the need for targeted interventions aimed at improving the knowledge and practices of Indian adolescents by promoting healthy food choices and sensitizing them about the risk of non-communicable diseases. The analysis of evidence around adolescent dietary behavior in India shows a monotonous, limited, and narrow range in scope, indicating the extended need for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susangita Jena
- Regional Medical Research Centre (ICMR), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Jayashree Parida
- Regional Medical Research Centre (ICMR), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Arpita Panda
- Regional Medical Research Centre (ICMR), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | | | - Abinash Pradhan
- Regional Medical Research Centre (ICMR), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | | | - Sanghamitra Pati
- Regional Medical Research Centre (ICMR), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- Division of ICMR, Division of Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases (ECD-Tribal Health), New Delhi, India
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Congdon P, Amugsi D. Editorial: The obesity epidemic: Causes, context, prevention. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1030180. [PMID: 36225791 PMCID: PMC9549261 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1030180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Congdon
- School of Geography, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Peter Congdon
| | - Dickson Amugsi
- African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
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Al-Jawaldeh A, Jabbour J. Marketing of Food and Beverages to Children in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: A Situational Analysis of the Regulatory Framework. Front Nutr 2022; 9:868937. [PMID: 35662943 PMCID: PMC9158545 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.868937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Marketing of food items high in added saturated and/or trans-fat, sugar, or sodium (HFSS) negatively affect consumption patterns of young children. The World Health Organization (WHO) advised countries to regulate the marketing of foods and non-alcoholic beverages to young populations. The aim of this manuscript is to provide a situational analysis of the regulatory framework of food marketing policies targeting children in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR). A semi structured questionnaire was shared with the focal points of EMR member states inquiring about the reforms and monitoring initiatives in place. Electronic databases were searched for relevant publications between 2005 and 2021. Results revealed that even though 68% of countries discussed the recommendations, progress toward the WHO set goals has been slow with only 14% of countries implementing any kind of restrictions and none executing a comprehensive approach. Reforms have focused on local television and radio marketing and left out several loopholes related to marketing on the internet, mobile applications, and cross border marketing. Recent monitoring initiatives revealed a slight improvement in the content of advertised material. Yet, unhealthy products are the most promoted in the region. This review identified the need to intensify the efforts to legislate comprehensive food marketing policies within and across EMR countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayoub Al-Jawaldeh
- Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, World Health Organization, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Jana Jabbour
- Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, World Health Organization, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, Modern University for Business and Sciences, Beirut, Lebanon
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Aljefree NM, Alhothali GT. Exposure to Food Marketing via Social Media and Obesity among University Students in Saudi Arabia. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19. [PMID: 35627389 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19105851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the associations between obesity and unhealthy food/drink intake with both the frequency of social media platform usage and food/drink marketing exposure on social media. Data were obtained from 316 university students aged 18−29 years at two universities in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. These participants completed online questionnaires with sections on demographics, anthropometric measurements, social media platform usage, food marketing exposure via social media, and unhealthy food consumption. All of the participants, 20.3% and 13.6% were overweight and obese, respectively. Snapchat was the most popular application (85.8%), followed by Instagram (75%), YouTube (61%), Twitter (51%), and TikTok (50%). The obese participants were more likely to purchase foods/drinks after watching relevant social media advertisements than their non-obese counterparts (p < 0.04). Moreover, those who purchased foods/drinks more frequently after watching such advertisements consumed higher amounts of potato chips (p < 0.01) and fast foods (p < 0.03). Finally, those who used Snapchat, TikTok, and Instagram tended to have higher consumption rates for potato chips (p < 0.02), fast foods (p < 0.01), sweets (p < 0.02), and sugary drinks (p < 0.04). Public health policymakers in Saudi Arabia should consider regulating unhealthy food and drink advertisements on social media platforms, especially those targeted at younger generations.
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Miles H, Apeldoorn B, McKerchar C, Curl A, Crossin R. Describing and characterising on-demand delivery of unhealthy commodities in New Zealand. Aust N Z J Public Health 2022; 46:429-437. [PMID: 35357727 DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.13230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the geographical location and characteristics of on-demand delivery services operating in New Zealand. METHODS We systematically searched the web and application (app) stores for on-demand services offering rapid delivery of food, alcohol, cigarettes or vaping products in New Zealand and mapped their geographic location as of May 2021. Using desktop review, data on service characteristics were collected and stratified including: types of commodities available, promotion strategies, and the legal aspects of access to age-restricted items. RESULTS On-demand services for food, alcohol and nicotine products operate across urban and rural New Zealand. All services offered personal memberships and 97% used promotions. All services offering restricted items had an age verification process, however, only 87% had birth date entry and 73% had an 18+ message pop-up on website entry. Only 60% of services appeared to have number limits on restricted items. CONCLUSIONS Much of New Zealand is serviced by on-demand delivery services. IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH The trend towards on-demand delivery services may increase unhealthy food, alcohol and nicotine-related harms and it undermines current government actions, e.g. the Smokefree 2025 goal. This research informs policy to reduce the future health burden.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christina McKerchar
- Department of Population Health, University of Otago Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Angela Curl
- Department of Population Health, University of Otago Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Rose Crossin
- Department of Population Health, University of Otago Christchurch, New Zealand
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Huang Y, Yang X, Chen Q. The Negative Effects of Long Time Physical Activity Calorie Equivalent Labeling on Purchase Intention for Unhealthy Food. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:3463. [PMID: 35329181 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Obesity has become a global epidemic that arouse much attention from governments, companies and scholar. Physical activity calorie equivalent (PACE) labels are introduced as a more effective nudge invention on less-calorie ordering. However, the effects of PACE labels are controversial in previous literature, thus, the research objective is to explore the effects of different PACE labels and furtherly to explore the underlying psychological mechanism; (2) Methods: Across four scenario-based experiments, involving potato chips, chocolate and cookies, this study manipulated the three calorie-information labeling (standard calorie label, long time PACE and short time PACE labels). Meanwhile, the mediating mechanism of the effects involving anticipatory guilt and the moderation effects between consumers’ future self-continuity and PACE labels are also measured; (3) Results: Results show that compared with the short time PACE and calorie labels, the longtime PACE labels have more negative influence on consumers’ purchase intention for unhealthy food. What’s more, the anticipatory guilt has negative effect of PACE labels as consumers are often prone to feeling guilty in the process of unhealthy food consumption. In addition, individuals with high future self-continuity have higher self-control and take more consideration of future outcomes, they are reluctant to choose unhealthy food than others; (4) Conclusions: Unhealthy food with a long time PACE label has more negative effect on consumers’ purchase intention rather than a short time PACE label. At the same time, companies that produce healthy foods should actively participate in the movement to label calories through the PACE labels.
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Laframboise NA, Seabrook JA, Matthews JI, Dworatzek PDN. Sixty Percent of Foods Advertised in Grocery Store Flyers are Not In-line with Canada's Food Guide. CAN J DIET PRACT RES 2022; 83:1-7. [PMID: 35014540 DOI: 10.3148/cjdpr-2021-035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate foods advertised in discount and premium grocery flyers for their alignment with Canada's 2007 Food Guide (CFG) and assess if alignment differed by food category, season, page location, and price.Methods: Weekly flyers (n = 192) were collected from discount and premium grocery chains from each of 4 seasons. Health Canada's Surveillance Tool was used to assess food items as in-line or not in-line with CFG.Results: Of 35 576 food items, 39.7% were in-line with CFG. There were no differences in proportions of foods not in-line in discount versus premium flyers (60.9% and 60.0%, respectively). Other Foods and Meat & Alternatives were advertised most (28.0% and 26.3%, respectively; P < 0.001). Milk & Alternatives were the least advertised food group (10.3%). Vegetables & Fruit (19.6%), Grains (21.6%), Milk & Alternatives (20.6%), and Meat & Alternatives (20.2%) were promoted least in Fall (P < 0.001). A higher proportion of foods advertised on middle pages were not in-line (61.0%) compared with front (56.6%) and back (58.8%) pages (P < 0.001). Not in-line foods were more expensive ($3.49, IQR = $2.82) than in-line foods ($3.28, IQR = $2.81; P < 0.001).Conclusions: While there was no difference in healthfulness of foods advertised in discount versus premium flyers, grocers advertised more foods not in-line with CFG. Government policies to improve the food environment should consider grocery flyers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie A Laframboise
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Brescia University College, Western University, London, ON
| | - Jamie A Seabrook
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Brescia University College, Western University, London, ON
- Department of Paediatrics, Western University, London, ON
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, ON
- Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, London, ON
| | - June I Matthews
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Brescia University College, Western University, London, ON
| | - Paula D N Dworatzek
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Brescia University College, Western University, London, ON
- Schulich Interfaculty Program in Public Health, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University 1285 Western Road, London, ON N6G 1H2
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Oberlander L. TV exposure and food consumption patterns-evidence from Indonesia. Health Econ 2021; 30:2701-2721. [PMID: 34369039 DOI: 10.1002/hec.4384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Using cross-sectional survey data from Indonesia from 2007 and 2014, this study estimates the effect of the number of available television channels during childhood on food consumption later in life with a focus on unhealthy food items. To address endogeneity of television signal strength, I exploit exogenous variations in television signal quality due to random diffractions caused by topography within a small area. Using an instrumental variables approach the results suggest that exposure to television during youth of the household head has a positive effect on household-level snack and soft drink expenditures. At the individual level I document more frequent consumption of soft drinks. Additional analysis suggests that households shift their consumption basket at the expense of vegetables and staples. Finally, heterogeneous effects analysis imply that results are driven by young individuals who are younger than 24 years old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Oberlander
- Paris School of Economics, Paris, France
- Institut national de la recherche agronomique (INRA), Paris, France
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Žandaras Ž, Dobrovolskij V, Maceinaitė R, Strukčinskienė B, Arlauskas R, Stukas R. Evaluation of public knowledge and beliefs of adverse health effects of unhealthy food and knowledge and beliefs based inequalities among various socio-demographic groups in Lithuania. Cent Eur J Public Health 2020; 28:267-273. [PMID: 33338372 DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a6180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The availability of information on healthy products does not ensure the empowerment of people with the knowledge on how to choose or avoid food products or dishes depending on unhealthy factors. Public knowledge and beliefs of unhealthy food effects on health needs to be evaluated so that appropriate measures can be taken to properly inform people and relevant socio-demographic groups. METHODS The original survey questionnaire containing questions about specific food groups and various health effects was compiled. A total of 1,007 respondents, Lithuanian residents aged 18-75 years, were surveyed in March 2019. Multilevel stratified probability sampling method was used for data representativeness. RESULTS Almost half of respondents (46.2%) knew that deep-fried food could cause cancer. The majority of respondents (68.4%) were aware that sugar causes obesity and 61.7% were aware that sugar increases the risk of diabetes mellitus; 41.6% (more often those living in non-rural areas) know that grilled meat may cause cancer. More than half of respondents (57.2%) (more likely those living in non-rural areas and those with a university degree) were aware that smoked meat products may cause cancer. Only 46.4% were aware of the fact that salt raises blood pressure and the risk of cardiovascular diseases. CONCLUSION Only about half of Lithuanian residents aged 18-75 were aware of the scientifically proven harmful effects of unhealthy food groups. Socio-demographic factors influence the knowledge and beliefs of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Žymantas Žandaras
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Valerij Dobrovolskij
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rūta Maceinaitė
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Birutė Strukčinskienė
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Klaipeda University, Klaipeda, Lithuania
| | - Rokas Arlauskas
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rimantas Stukas
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Giuliani NR, Cosme D, Merchant JS, Dirks B, Berkman ET. Brain Activity Associated With Regulating Food Cravings Predicts Changes in Self-Reported Food Craving and Consumption Over Time. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:577669. [PMID: 33281580 PMCID: PMC7689031 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.577669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural patterns associated with viewing energy-dense foods can predict changes in eating-related outcomes. However, most research on this topic is limited to one follow-up time point, and single outcome measures. The present study seeks to add to that literature by employing a more refined assessment of food craving and consumption outcomes along with a more detailed neurobiological model of behavior change over several time points. Here, a community sample of 88 individuals (age: M = 39.17, SD = 3.47; baseline BMI: M = 31.5, SD = 3.9, range 24–42) with higher body mass index (BMI) performed a food craving reactivity and regulation task while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging. At that time—and 1, 3, and 6 months later—participants reported craving for and consumption of healthy and unhealthy foods via the Food Craving Inventory (FCI) and ASA24 (N at 6 months = 52–55 depending on the measure). A priori hypotheses that brain activity associated with both viewing and regulating personally desired unhealthy, energy-dense foods would be associated with self-reported craving for and consumption of unhealthy foods at baseline were not supported by the data. Instead, regression models controlling for age, sex, and BMI demonstrated that brain activity across several regions measured while individuals were regulating their desires for unhealthy food was associated with the self-reported craving for and consumption of healthy food. The hypothesis that vmPFC activity would predict patterns of healthier eating was also not supported. Instead, linear mixed models controlling for baseline age and sex, as well as changes in BMI, revealed that more regulation-related activity in the dlPFC, dACC, IFG, and vmPFC at baseline predicted decreases in the craving for and consumption of healthy foods over the course of 6 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole R Giuliani
- Department of Special Education and Clinical Sciences, Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - Danielle Cosme
- Communication Neuroscience Lab, Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Junaid S Merchant
- Developmental Social Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program, Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Bryce Dirks
- Brain Connectivity and Cognition Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Elliot T Berkman
- Social and Affective Neuroscience Lab, Department of Psychology, Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
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14
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Sacks G, Looi ESY. The Advertising Policies of Major Social Media Platforms Overlook the Imperative to Restrict the Exposure of Children and Adolescents to the Promotion of Unhealthy Foods and Beverages. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E4172. [PMID: 32545343 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17114172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
There have been global calls to action to protect children (aged <18) from exposure to the marketing of unhealthy foods and beverages (‘unhealthy foods’). In this context, the rising popularity of social media, particularly amongst adolescents, represents an important focus area. This study aimed to examine the advertising policies of major global social media platforms related to the advertising of unhealthy foods, and to identify opportunities for social media platforms to take action. We conducted a desk-based review of the advertising policies of the 16 largest social media platforms globally. We examined their publicly available advertising policies related to food and obesity, as well as in relation to other areas impacting public health. The advertising policies for 12 of the selected social media platforms were located. None of these platforms adopted comprehensive restrictions on the advertising of unhealthy foods, with only two platforms having relevant (but very limited) policies in the area. In comparison, 11 of the 12 social media platforms had policies restricting the advertising of alcohol, tobacco, gambling, and/or weight loss. There is, therefore, an opportunity for major social media platforms to voluntarily restrict the exposure of children to the marketing of unhealthy foods, which can contribute to efforts to improve populations’ diets.
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15
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Johnson BJ, Hendrie GA, Zarnowiecki D, Huynh EK, Golley RK. Examining Constructs of Parental Reflective Motivation towards Reducing Unhealthy Food Provision to Young Children. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071507. [PMID: 31266219 PMCID: PMC6682954 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Parents are an ideal target to reduce children’s unhealthy food intake. Motivation is one component of behavior change; however, there is a paucity of research exploring parental motivation in unhealthy food provision. This study aimed to understand the relationships between, and relative importance of, constructs of parents’ reflective motivation and children’s intake of unhealthy foods. An online survey captured parent-rated reflective motivation constructs based on the health action process approach (HAPA) model, and children’s intake of unhealthy food using the short food survey. The HAPA model includes constructs of self-efficacy, risk perception, outcome expectancies, intention, and planning. Structural equation modelling was used to examine relationships between constructs and the HAPA model in its structural form. Four-hundred and ninety-five parents of three to seven-year olds completed the study. Model fit statistics (X2 = 210.03, df = 83, p < 0.001; Comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.96; Tucker Lewis index (TLI) = 0.94) supported suitability of the HAPA model. The HAPA model explained 9.2% of the variance in children’s unhealthy food intake. Constructs of self-efficacy (action to maintenance β = 0.69; maintenance to recovery β = 0.70; maintenance to planning β = 0.82) were found to be the most important constructs for reducing children’s unhealthy food intake, followed by planning (to unhealthy food intake β = −0.32) and intention (to planning β = 0.21). This study provides an initial insight into parental motivation and identifies primary intervention targets to enhance parental motivation to reduce unhealthy food provision, and subsequently children’s unhealthy food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany J Johnson
- Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park 5042, South Australia, Australia.
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Gilly A Hendrie
- Health and Biosecurity Flagship, Commonwealth Scientific Industrial Research Organisation, Adelaide 5000, South Australia, Australia
| | - Dorota Zarnowiecki
- Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park 5042, South Australia, Australia
- Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood Centre for Research Excellence, Sydney 2006, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elisabeth K Huynh
- College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Acton 2600, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Rebecca K Golley
- Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park 5042, South Australia, Australia
- Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood Centre for Research Excellence, Sydney 2006, New South Wales, Australia
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16
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Labonté MÈ, Poon T, Gladanac B, Ahmed M, Franco-Arellano B, Rayner M, L'Abbé MR. Nutrient Profile Models with Applications in Government-Led Nutrition Policies Aimed at Health Promotion and Noncommunicable Disease Prevention: A Systematic Review. Adv Nutr 2018; 9:741-788. [PMID: 30462178 PMCID: PMC6247226 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmy045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrient profile (NP) models, tools used to rate or evaluate the nutritional quality of foods, are increasingly used by government bodies worldwide to underpin nutrition-related policies. An up-to-date and accessible list of existing NP models is currently unavailable to support their adoption or adaptation in different jurisdictions. This study used a systematic approach to develop a global resource that summarizes key characteristics of NP models with applications in government-led nutrition policies. NP models were identified from an unpublished WHO catalog of NP models last updated in 2012 and from searches conducted in different databases of the peer-reviewed (n = 3; e.g., PubMed) and gray literature (n = 15). Included models had to meet the following inclusion criteria (selected) as of 22 December 2016: 1) developed or endorsed by governmental or intergovernmental organizations, 2) allow for the evaluation of individual food items, and 3) have publicly available nutritional criteria. A total of 387 potential NP models were identified, including n = 361 from the full-text assessment of >600 publications and n = 26 exclusively from the catalog. Seventy-eight models were included. Most (73%) were introduced within the past 10 y, and 44% represent adaptations of ≥1 previously built model. Models were primarily built for school food standards or guidelines (n = 27), food labeling (e.g., front-of-pack; n = 12), and restriction of the marketing of food products to children (n = 10). All models consider nutrients to limit, with sodium, saturated fatty acids, and total sugars being included most frequently; and 86% also consider ≥1 nutrient to encourage (e.g., fiber). No information on validity testing could be identified for 58% of the models. Given the proliferation of NP models worldwide, this new resource will be highly valuable for assisting health professionals and policymakers in the selection of an appropriate model when the establishment of nutrition-related policies requires the use of nutrient profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Ève Labonté
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Theresa Poon
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Branka Gladanac
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mavra Ahmed
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Beatriz Franco-Arellano
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mike Rayner
- Center on Population Approaches for Non-Communicable Disease Prevention, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mary R L'Abbé
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Crowe M, O'Sullivan M, McNulty BA, Cassetti O, O'Sullivan A. Data Mapping From Food Diaries to Augment the Amount and Frequency of Foods Measured Using Short Food Questionnaires. Front Nutr 2018; 5:82. [PMID: 30356824 PMCID: PMC6190565 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2018.00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Collecting accurate and detailed dietary intake data is costly at a national level. Accordingly, limited dietary assessment tools such as Short Food Questionnaires (SFQs) are increasingly used in large surveys. This paper describes a novel method linking matched datasets to improve the quality of dietary data collected. Growing Up in Ireland (GUI) is a nationally representative longitudinal study of infants in the Republic of Ireland which used a SFQ (with no portion sizes) to assess the intake of “healthy” and “unhealthy” food and drink by 3 years old preschool children. The National Preschool Nutrition Survey (NPNS) provides the most accurate estimates available for dietary intake of young children in Ireland using a detailed 4 days weighed food diary. A mapping algorithm was applied using food name, cooking method, and food description to fill all GUI food groups with information from the NPNS food datafile which included the target variables, frequency, and amount. The augmented data were analyzed to examine all food groups described in NPNS and GUI and what proportion of foods were covered, non-covered, or partially-covered by GUI food groups, as a percentage of the total number of consumptions. The term non-covered indicated a specific food consumption that could not be mapped using a GUI food group. “High sugar” food items that were non-covered included ready-to-eat breakfast cereals, fruit juice, sugars, syrups, preserves and sweeteners, and ice-cream. The average proportion of consumption frequency and amount of foods not covered by GUI was 44 and 34%, respectively. Through mapping food codes in this manner, it was possible, using density plots, to visualize the relative performance of the brief dietary instrument (SFQ) compared to the more detailed food diary (FD). The SFQ did not capture a substantial portion of habitual foods consumed by 3-year olds in Ireland. Researchers interested in focussing on specific foods, could use this approach to assess the proportion of foods covered, non-covered, or partially-covered by reference to the mapped food database. These results can be used to improve SFQs for future studies and improve the capacity to identify diet-disease relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Crowe
- Division of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael O'Sullivan
- Division of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Breige A McNulty
- UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Oscar Cassetti
- Division of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aifric O'Sullivan
- UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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18
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Fuentes Pacheco A, Carrillo Balam G, Archibald D, Grant E, Skafida V. Exploring the relationship between local food environments and obesity in UK, Ireland, Australia and New Zealand: a systematic review protocol. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e018701. [PMID: 29472260 PMCID: PMC5855298 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity is a global pandemic that affects all socioeconomic strata, however, the highest figures have been observed in the most disadvantaged social groups. Evidence from the USA and Canada showed that specific urban settings encourage obesogenic behaviour in the population living and/or working there. We aim to examine the evidence on the association between local food environments and obesity in the UK, Ireland, Australia and New Zealand. METHODS Six databases from 1990 to 2017 will be searched: MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), Scopus, The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts (ASSIA) and Web of Science. Grey literature will also be sought by searching Opengrey Europe, The Grey Literature Report and relevant government websites. Additional studies will be retrieved from the reference lists of the selected articles. It will include cohort, longitudinal, case study and cross-sectional studies that have assessed the relationship between local food environments and obesity in the UK, Ireland, Australia and New Zealand regardless of sex, age and ethnicity of the population. Two researchers will independently select the studies and extract the data. Data items will incorporate: author names, title, study design, year of study, year exposure data collected, country, city, urban/rural, age range, study exclusions, special characteristics of study populations, aims, working definitions of food environments and food outlets, exposure and methods of data collection, outcomes and key findings. A narrative synthesis and a summary of the results will be produced separately for children and adults, according to the type of food exposure-outcome. All the selected studies will be assessed using The Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study will be based on published literature, and therefore ethical approval has not been sought. Our findings will be presented at relevant national and international scientific conferences and published in a peer-reviewed journal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Fuentes Pacheco
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Gabriela Carrillo Balam
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Daryll Archibald
- Scottish Collaboration for Public Health Research and Policy, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- School of Psychology and Public Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Grant
- Global Health Academy, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Valeria Skafida
- Social Policy, School of Social and Political Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Antoñanzas F, Rodríguez-Ibeas R. Healthy vs. unhealthy food: a strategic choice for firms and consumers. Health Econ Rev 2011; 1:4. [PMID: 22828271 PMCID: PMC3395040 DOI: 10.1186/2191-1991-1-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we carry out a theoretical analysis of the strategic choice made by firms regarding the type of food they market when they face consumers who care about the healthy/unhealthy attributes of the product but incur in emotional/health costs when the food they consume has unhealthy attributes. We consider a two-stage game. In the first stage, one of the firms chooses the unhealthy content of its product. In the second stage, both firms simultaneously decide their prices. We find that, depending on the parameters of the model, product differentiation can be maximal or less than maximal. The firm that produces the unhealthy food charges a higher price and obtains a larger share of the market unless the emotional/health costs and the unhealthy food production costs are relatively high. We also find that educational campaigns will not always reduce the demand for the unhealthy food or the degree of the unhealthy attribute.JEL Classification:I10, I18, L11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Antoñanzas
- Department of Economics, University of La Rioja Cigüeña, 60, 26004-Logroño (Spain
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