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Yu J, Zhang Y, Yao H, Zhang Z, Yang X, Zhu W, Xu J. ERβ activation improves nonylphenol-induced depression and neurotransmitter secretion disruption via the TPH2/5-HT pathway. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 280:116521. [PMID: 38850708 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the role of estrogen receptor β (ERβ) in nonylphenol (NP) - induced depression - like behavior in rats and its impact on the regulation of the TPH2/5-HT pathway. In the in vitro experiment, rat basophilic leukaemia cells (RBL-2H3) cells were divided into the four groups: blank group, NP group (20 μM), ERβ agonist group (0.01 μM), and NP+ERβ agonist group (20 μM+0.01 μM). For the in vivo experiment, 72 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into following six groups: the Control, NP (40 mg/kg) group, ERβ agonist (2 mg/kg, Diarylpropionitrile (DPN)) group, ERβ inhibitor (0.1 mg/kg, 4-(2-phenyl-5,7-bis(trifluoromethyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-3-yl) phenol (PHTPP)) group, NP+ERβ agonist (40 mg/kg NP + 2 mg/kg DPN) group, and NP+ERβ inhibitor (40 mg/kg NP + 0.1 mg/kg PHTPP) group, with 12 rats in each group. Each rat in drug group were given NP by gavage and/or received a single intraperitoneal injection of DPN 2 mg/kg or PHTPP 0.1 mg/kg. Both in vivo and in vitro, NP group showed a decrease in the expression levels of ERβ, tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH1), and tryptophan hydroxylase-2 (TPH2) genes and proteins, and reduced levels of DA, NE, and 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HT) neurotransmitters. RBL-2H3 cells showed signs of cell shrinkage, with rounded cells, increased suspension and more loosely arranged cells. The effectiveness of the ERβ agonist stimulation exhibited an increase exceeding 60% in RBL-2H3 cells. The application of ERβ agonist resulted in an alleviation the aforementioned alterations. ERβ agonist activated the TPH2/5-HT signaling pathways. Compared to the control group, the NP content in the brain tissue of the NP group was significantly increased. The latency to eat for the rats was longer and the amount of food consumed was lower, and the rats had prolonged immobility time in the behavioral experiment of rats. The expression levels of ERβ, TPH1, TPH2, 5-HT and 5-HITT proteins were decreased in the NP group, suggesting NP-induced depression-like behaviours as well as disturbances in the secretion of serum hormones and monoamine neurotransmitters. In the NP group, the midline raphe nucleus showed an elongated nucleus with a dark purplish-blue colour, nuclear atrophy, displacement and pale cytoplasm. ERβ might ameliorate NP-induced depression-like behaviors, and secretion disorders of serum hormones and monoamine neurotransmitters via activating TPH2/5-HT signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yu
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, PR China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, PR China
| | - Hao Yao
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, PR China
| | - Ziping Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zunyi Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Zunyi 563006, PR China
| | - Xiao Yang
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, PR China
| | - Wei Zhu
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, PR China
| | - Jie Xu
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, PR China.
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Cao Y, Lu C, Beeraka NM, Efetov S, Enikeev M, Fu Y, Yang X, Basappa B, He M, Li Z. Exploring the relationship between anastasis and mitochondrial ROS-mediated ferroptosis in metastatic chemoresistant cancers: a call for investigation. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1428920. [PMID: 39015566 PMCID: PMC11249567 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1428920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis induces significant changes in mitochondrial morphology, including membrane condensation, volume reduction, cristae alteration, and outer membrane rupture, affecting mitochondrial function and cellular fate. Recent reports have described the intrinsic cellular iron metabolism and its intricate connection to ferroptosis, a significant kind of cell death characterized by iron dependence and oxidative stress regulation. Furthermore, updated molecular insights have elucidated the significance of mitochondria in ferroptosis and its implications in various cancers. In the context of cancer therapy, understanding the dual role of anastasis and ferroptosis in chemoresistance is crucial. Targeting the molecular pathways involved in anastasis may enhance the efficacy of ferroptosis inducers, providing a synergistic approach to overcome chemoresistance. Research into how DNA damage response (DDR) proteins, metabolic changes, and redox states interact during anastasis and ferroptosis can offer new insights into designing combinatorial therapeutic regimens against several cancers associated with stemness. These treatments could potentially inhibit anastasis while simultaneously inducing ferroptosis, thereby reducing the likelihood of cancer cells evading death and developing resistance to chemotherapy. The objective of this study is to explore the intricate interplay between anastasis, ferroptosis, EMT and chemoresistance, and immunotherapeutics to better understand their collective impact on cancer therapy outcomes. We searched public research databases including google scholar, PubMed, relemed, and the national library of medicine related to this topic. In this review, we discussed the interplay between the tricarboxylic acid cycle and glycolysis implicated in modulating ferroptosis, adding complexity to its regulatory mechanisms. Additionally, the regulatory role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the electron transport chain (ETC) in ferroptosis has garnered significant attention. Lipid metabolism, particularly involving GPX4 and System Xc- plays a significant role in both the progression of ferroptosis and cancer. There is a need to investigate the intricate interplay between anastasis, ferroptosis, and chemoresistance to better understand cancer therapy clinical outcomes. Integrating anastasis, and ferroptosis into strategies targeting chemoresistance and exploring its potential synergy with immunotherapy represent promising avenues for advancing chemoresistant cancer treatment. Understanding the intricate interplay among mitochondria, anastasis, ROS, and ferroptosis is vital in oncology, potentially revolutionizing personalized cancer treatment and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cao
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Chang Lu
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Narasimha M. Beeraka
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (RIPER), Anantapuramu, Chiyyedu, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sergey Efetov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Enikeev
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yu Fu
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Xinyi Yang
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Basappa Basappa
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Mingze He
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Zhi Li
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
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3
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Natesh J, Mondal P, Penta D, Mukhlis Y, Haware DJ, Meeran SM. Protective effect of diindolylmethane-enriched dietary cabbage against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in mice. J Appl Toxicol 2024; 44:874-891. [PMID: 38327044 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Chemotherapy with doxorubicin (Dox) can lead to cardiotoxic effects, presenting a major complication in cancer therapy. Diindolylmethane (DIM), derived from cruciferous vegetables like cabbage, exhibits numerous health benefits. However, its clinical application is limited because of low bioavailability and suboptimal natural concentrations in dietary sources. To address this limitation, we developed a processing methodology, specifically fermentation and boiling, to enhance DIM levels in cabbage. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis revealed a threefold DIM increase in fermented cabbage and a substantial ninefold increase in fermented-boiled cabbage compared to raw cabbage. To evaluate the clinical implications, we formulated a DIM-enriched diet and administered it to mice undergoing Dox treatment. Our in vivo results revealed that Dox treatment led to cardiotoxicity, manifested by changes in body and heart weight, increased mortality, and severe myocardial tissue degeneration. Dietary administration of the DIM-enriched diet enhanced antioxidant defenses and inhibited apoptosis in the cardiac tissue by interfering with mitoptosis and increasing antioxidant enzyme expression. Interestingly, we found that the DIM-enriched diet inhibited the nuclear translocation of NF-kB in cardiac tissue, thereby downregulating the expression of inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α and IL-6. Further, the DIM-enriched diet significantly reduced serum cardiac injury markers elevated by Dox treatment. These results suggest that the DIM-enriched cabbage diet can serve as a complementary dietary intervention for cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Further, our research highlights the role of plant-based diets in reducing treatment side effects and improving the quality of life for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagadish Natesh
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Priya Mondal
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Dhanamjai Penta
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Yahya Mukhlis
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Devendra Jaganath Haware
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- Food Safety & Analytical Quality Control Laboratory, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020, India
| | - Syed Musthapa Meeran
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
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Filip CI, Cătană A, Kutasi E, Roman SA, Militaru MS, Risteiu GA, Dindelengan GC. Breast Cancer Screening and Prophylactic Mastectomy for High-Risk Women in Romania. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:570. [PMID: 38674216 PMCID: PMC11052261 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60040570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer remains a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality within oncology. Risk factors, encompassing genetic and environmental influences, significantly contribute to its prevalence. While germline mutations, notably within the BRCA genes, are commonly associated with heightened breast cancer risk, a spectrum of other variants exists among affected individuals. Diagnosis relies on imaging techniques, biopsies, biomarkers, and genetic testing, facilitating personalised risk assessment through specific scoring systems. Breast cancer screening programs employing mammography and other imaging modalities play a crucial role in early detection and management, leading to improved outcomes for affected individuals. Regular screening enables the identification of suspicious lesions or abnormalities at earlier stages, facilitating timely intervention and potentially reducing mortality rates associated with breast cancer. Genetic mutations guide screening protocols, prophylactic interventions, treatment modalities, and patient prognosis. Prophylactic measures encompass a range of interventions, including chemoprevention, hormonal inhibition, oophorectomy, and mastectomy. Despite their efficacy in mitigating breast cancer incidence, these interventions carry potential side effects and psychological implications, necessitating comprehensive counselling tailored to individual cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudiu Ioan Filip
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burn Unit, Emergency District Hospital, 400535 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.I.F.); (G.C.D.)
- First Surgical Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andreea Cătană
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.C.); (E.K.); (S.A.R.); (G.A.R.)
- Department of Oncogeneticcs, Institute of Oncology, “Prof. Dr. I. Chiricuță”, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Regional Laboratory Cluj-Napoca, Department of Medical Genetics, Regina Maria Health Network, 400363 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Eniko Kutasi
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.C.); (E.K.); (S.A.R.); (G.A.R.)
| | - Sara Alexia Roman
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.C.); (E.K.); (S.A.R.); (G.A.R.)
| | - Mariela Sanda Militaru
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.C.); (E.K.); (S.A.R.); (G.A.R.)
- Regional Laboratory Cluj-Napoca, Department of Medical Genetics, Regina Maria Health Network, 400363 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Giulia Andreea Risteiu
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.C.); (E.K.); (S.A.R.); (G.A.R.)
| | - George Călin Dindelengan
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burn Unit, Emergency District Hospital, 400535 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.I.F.); (G.C.D.)
- First Surgical Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Liu J, Malekoltojari A, Asokakumar A, Chow V, Li L, Li H, Grimaldi M, Dang N, Campbell J, Barrett H, Sun J, Navarre W, Wilson D, Wang H, Mani S, Balaguer P, Anakk S, Peng H, Krause HM. Diindoles produced from commensal microbiota metabolites function as endogenous CAR/Nr1i3 ligands. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2563. [PMID: 38519460 PMCID: PMC10960024 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46559-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated the correlation between human gut bacteria and host physiology, mediated primarily via nuclear receptors (NRs). Despite this body of work, the systematic identification and characterization of microbe-derived ligands that regulate NRs remain a considerable challenge. In this study, we discover a series of diindole molecules produced from commensal bacteria metabolites that act as specific agonists for the orphan constitutive androstane receptor (CAR). Using various biophysical analyses we show that their nanomolar affinities are comparable to those of synthetic CAR agonists, and that they can activate both rodent and human CAR orthologues, which established synthetic agonists cannot. We also find that the diindoles, diindolylmethane (DIM) and diindolylethane (DIE) selectively up-regulate bona fide CAR target genes in primary human hepatocytes and mouse liver without causing significant side effects. These findings provide new insights into the complex interplay between the gut microbiome and host physiology, as well as new tools for disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabao Liu
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Ainaz Malekoltojari
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anjana Asokakumar
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Vimanda Chow
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Linhao Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology; Department of Genetics; Department of Medicine; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Marina Grimaldi
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Université Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Montpellier, Inserm, U1194, France
| | - Nathanlown Dang
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Jhenielle Campbell
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Holly Barrett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Jianxian Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada
- School of the Environment, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - William Navarre
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Derek Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Hongbing Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Sridhar Mani
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology; Department of Genetics; Department of Medicine; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Patrick Balaguer
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Université Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Montpellier, Inserm, U1194, France
| | - Sayeepriyadarshini Anakk
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Hui Peng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada.
- School of the Environment, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada.
| | - Henry M Krause
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada.
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Vaidya T, Hoffman L, Chapas A. Evaluating Common Ingredients Contained in Dietary Acne Supplements: An Evidence-Based Review. THE JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND AESTHETIC DERMATOLOGY 2024; 17:34-41. [PMID: 38495547 PMCID: PMC10941853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Objective Acne vulgaris is a common skin condition treated with various medications targeting different aspects of its pathogenesis. Though increasing in popularity, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) does not evaluate the safety or efficacy of dietary supplements marketed for the treatment of acne, calling into question the veracity of their labels. This review aimed to assess the safety and effectiveness of ingredients in popular acne supplements. Methods A comprehensive review was conducted on 13 popular supplements marketed for acne, found through a Google search. Their ingredients, prices, ratings, and existing literature on efficacy and safety were analyzed. A literature review was performed regarding the most common ingredients contained in these supplements. Results The most common ingredients in acne supplements were probiotics, diindolylmethane (DIM), vitamin A, vitamin B complex, and zinc. Despite the increasing popularity of dietary supplements, including those for skin health and acne, the absence of FDA regulation and evidence-based data raises concerns about their safety and efficacy. The safety of acne supplement ingredients raises significant worries, with reported cases of thrombotic events and adverse effects, even during pregnancy. The lack of standardized labeling and clear dosing information further complicates the understanding and potential risks of these supplements. Additionally, there is a potential for interactions with other medications, yet this information is often not provided on the product labels. Limitations A Google search was used to identify popular acne supplements. Search engine algorithms determine the ranking and presentation of results based on various factors, such as popularity, keywords, as well as user preferences and location, thus posing a potential sampling bias. Conclusion It is crucial to exercise caution and prioritize evidence-based information when counseling patients regarding the use of acne supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toral Vaidya
- Dr. Vaidya is with the Weill Cornell Department of Dermatology in New York, New York
| | - Lauren Hoffman
- Drs. Hoffman and Chapas are with UnionDerm in New York, New York
| | - Anne Chapas
- Drs. Hoffman and Chapas are with UnionDerm in New York, New York
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Kolagkis PX, Galathri EM, Kokotos CG. Green and sustainable approaches for the Friedel-Crafts reaction between aldehydes and indoles. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:379-426. [PMID: 38410780 PMCID: PMC10896228 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of indoles and their derivatives, more specifically bis(indolyl)methanes (BIMs), has been an area of great interest in organic chemistry, since these compounds exhibit a range of interesting biological and pharmacological properties. BIMs are naturally found in cruciferous vegetables and have been shown to be effective antifungal, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and even anticancer agents. Traditionally, the synthesis of BIMs has been achieved upon the acidic condensation of an aldehyde with indole, utilizing a variety of protic or Lewis acids. However, due to the increased environmental awareness of our society, the focus has shifted towards the development of greener synthetic technologies, like photocatalysis, organocatalysis, the use of nanocatalysts, microwave irradiation, ball milling, continuous flow, and many more. Thus, in this review, we summarize the medicinal properties of BIMs and the developed BIM synthetic protocols, utilizing the reaction between aldehydes with indoles, while focusing on the more environmentally friendly methods developed over the years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Periklis X Kolagkis
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 15771, Greece
| | - Eirini M Galathri
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 15771, Greece
| | - Christoforos G Kokotos
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 15771, Greece
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Liu S, Yan W, Lv Q, Yang L, Miao Y, Hu Y, Wei Z. 3, 3'-diindolylmethane, a natural aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist, alleviates ulcerative colitis by enhancing "glycolysis-lactate-STAT3″ and TIP60 signals-mediated Treg differentiation. Mol Immunol 2023; 163:147-162. [PMID: 37793204 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) plays an important role in the occurrence and development of ulcerative colitis (UC). In this study, the effect and mechanism of 3, 3'-diindolylmethane (DIM), the classical AhR agonist, on UC was investigated from the angle of recovering the balance of Th17/Treg. METHODS The in vivo colitis model was established in mice by using dextran sulfate sodium, and CD4+ T cells were used to simulate the in vitro differentiation of Treg and Th17 cells. The proportions and related factors of Th17 and Treg cells were measured using flow cytometry, Q-PCR and western blotting. The glycolysis was evaluated by examining the glucose uptake, glucose consumption and lactate production using kits or immunofluorescence. The activation of AhR was detected by western blotting and the XRE-luciferase reporter gene. The co-immunoprecipitation, transfection or other methods were selected to investigate and identify the signaling molecular pathway. RESULTS DIM significantly attenuated symptoms of colitis mice by rebuilding the balance of Th17/Treg in anoxic colons. In hypoxia, a more potent promotion of Treg differentiation was showed by DIM relative to normoxia, and siFoxp3 prevented DIM-suppressed Th17 differentiation. DIM repressed the excessive glycolysis in hypoxia evidenced by down-regulated glucose uptake, lactate production, Glut1 and HK2 levels. Interestingly, IL-10, the function-related factor of Treg cells, showed the feedback effect of DIM-suppressed glycolysis. Besides, 2-deoxy-D-glucose, HK2 plasmid and IL-10 antibody prevented increase of DIM on the expression of Foxp3 at the transcriptional level and subsequent Treg differentiation through the lactate-STAT3 pathway, and reasons for the direct improvement of DIM on Foxp3 protein was attributed to promoting the formation of HIF-1α/TIP60 complexes as well as subsequent acetylation and protein stability. Finally, AhR dependence and mechanisms for DIM-improved Treg differentiation in vitro and in vivo were well confirmed by using plasmids or inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS DIM enhances activation of AhR and subsequent "glycolysis-lactate-STAT3″ and TIP60 signals-mediated Treg differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shukun Liu
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wenxin Yan
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qi Lv
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yumeng Miao
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yuxiao Hu
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhifeng Wei
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Das S, Somisetty VS, Ulven SM, Matthews J. Resveratrol and 3,3'-Diindolylmethane Differentially Regulate Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor and Estrogen Receptor Alpha Activity through Multiple Transcriptomic Targets in MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14578. [PMID: 37834026 PMCID: PMC10572670 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitory crosstalk between estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) regulates 17β-estradiol (E2)-dependent breast cancer cell signaling. ERα and AHR are transcription factors activated by E2 and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), respectively. Dietary ligands resveratrol (RES) and 3,3'diindolylmethane (DIM) also activate ERα while only DIM activates AHR and RES represses it. DIM and RES are reported to have anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties. Studies with genome-wide targets and AHR- and ERα-regulated genes after DIM and RES are unknown. We used chromatin immunoprecipitation with high-throughput sequencing and transcriptomics to study ERα as well as AHR coregulation in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells treated with DIM, RES, E2, or TCDD alone or E2+TCDD for 1 and 6 h, respectively. ERα bound sites after being DIM enriched for the AHR motif but not after E2 or RES while AHR bound sites after being DIM and E2+TCDD enriched for the ERE motif but not after TCDD. More than 90% of the differentially expressed genes closest to an AHR binding site after DIM or E2+TCDD also had an ERα site, and 60% of the coregulated genes between DIM and E2+TCDD were common. Collectively, our data show that RES and DIM differentially regulate multiple transcriptomic targets via ERα and ERα/AHR coactivity, respectively, which need to be considered to properly interpret their cellular and biological responses. These novel data also suggest that, when both receptors are activated, ERα dominates with preferential recruitment of AHR to ERα target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha Das
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway; (S.D.); (V.S.S.); (S.M.U.)
| | - Venkata S. Somisetty
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway; (S.D.); (V.S.S.); (S.M.U.)
| | - Stine M. Ulven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway; (S.D.); (V.S.S.); (S.M.U.)
| | - Jason Matthews
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway; (S.D.); (V.S.S.); (S.M.U.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
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10
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Pence ST, Mehta K, Crum-Bailey J. The Serious Side of Supplements: An Ischemic Stroke in a Healthy 38-year-old Female. Mil Med 2023; 188:e3273-e3275. [PMID: 36448494 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usac367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of ischemic stroke in the young is on the rise. With young stroke victims, providers must consider both typical risk factors and other rare causes. We present a case of a healthy, 38-year-old female military dependent who presented with an ischemic right posterior central gyrus stroke in the setting of a patent foramen ovale and supplement diindolylmethane use. This case serves as a reminder of the hazards associated with supplement use and the importance of a thorough investigation of etiology in medical cases of ischemic stroke in the young.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sierra T Pence
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, School of Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Ketan Mehta
- Department of Medicine, Madigan Army Medical Center, Joint Base Lewis-McChord, WA 98431, USA
| | - Jennifer Crum-Bailey
- Department of Medicine, Madigan Army Medical Center, Joint Base Lewis-McChord, WA 98431, USA
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11
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Divyajanani S, Harithpriya K, Ganesan K, Ramkumar KM. Dietary Polyphenols Remodel DNA Methylation Patterns of NRF2 in Chronic Disease. Nutrients 2023; 15:3347. [PMID: 37571283 PMCID: PMC10420661 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a transcription factor crucial in regulating cellular homeostasis and apoptosis. The NRF2 gene has been implicated in various biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. NRF2 can be regulated genetically and epigenetically at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and translational levels. Although DNA methylation is one of the critical biological processes vital for gene expression, sometimes, anomalous methylation patterns result in the dysregulation of genes and consequent diseases and disorders. Several studies have reported promoter hypermethylation downregulated NRF2 expression and its downstream targets. In contrast to the unalterable nature of genetic patterns, epigenetic changes can be reversed, opening up new possibilities in developing therapies for various metabolic disorders and diseases. This review discusses the current state of the NRF2-mediated antioxidative and chemopreventive activities of several natural phytochemicals, including sulforaphane, resveratrol, curcumin, luteolin, corosolic acid, apigenin, and most other compounds that have been found to activate NRF2. This epigenetic reversal of hypermethylated NRF2 states provides new opportunities for research into dietary phytochemistry that affects the human epigenome and the possibility for cutting-edge approaches to target NRF2-mediated signaling to prevent chronic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasaragavan Divyajanani
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603210, Tamil Nadu, India; (S.D.); (K.H.)
| | - Kannan Harithpriya
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603210, Tamil Nadu, India; (S.D.); (K.H.)
| | - Kumar Ganesan
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 3 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Kunka Mohanram Ramkumar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603210, Tamil Nadu, India; (S.D.); (K.H.)
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12
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Song QQ, Lin LP, Chen YL, Qian JC, Wei K, Su JW, Ding JH, Lu M, Liu Y, Tan RX, Hu G. Characterization of LTr1 derived from cruciferous vegetables as a novel anti-glioma agent via inhibiting TrkA/PI3K/AKT pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:1262-1276. [PMID: 36482085 PMCID: PMC10203337 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-01033-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant glioma is the most fatal, invasive brain cancer with limited treatment options. Our previous studies show that 2-(indol-3-ylmethyl)-3,3'-diindolylmethane (LTr1), a major metabolite of indole-3-carbinol (I3C) derived from cruciferous vegetables, produces anti-tumour effect against various tumour cell lines. In this study we characterized LTr1 as a novel anti-glioma agent. Based on screening 134 natural compounds and comparing the candidates' efficacy and toxicity, LTr1 was selected as the lead compound. We showed that LTr1 potently inhibited the viability of human glioma cell lines (SHG-44, U87, and U251) with IC50 values of 1.97, 1.84, and 2.03 μM, respectively. Furthermore, administration of LTr1 (100,300 mg· kg-1 ·d-1, i.g. for 18 days) dose-dependently suppressed the tumour growth in a U87 xenograft nude mouse model. We demonstrated that LTr1 directly bound with TrkA to inhibit its kinase activity and the downstream PI3K/AKT pathway thus inducing significant S-phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in SHG-44 and U87 cells by activating the mitochondrial pathway and inducing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Importantly, LTr1 could cross the blood-brain barrier to achieve the therapeutic concentration in the brain. Taken together, LTr1 is a safe and promising therapeutic agent against glioma through inhibiting TrkA/PI3K/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Qi Song
- Departments of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Li-Ping Lin
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ya-Li Chen
- Departments of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jia-Cheng Qian
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ke Wei
- Departments of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jian-Wei Su
- Departments of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jian-Hua Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Ming Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Departments of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Ren-Xiang Tan
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Functional Biomolecules, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Gang Hu
- Departments of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, China.
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Dogra A, Kumar J. Biosynthesis of anticancer phytochemical compounds and their chemistry. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1136779. [PMID: 36969868 PMCID: PMC10034375 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1136779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a severe health issue, and cancer cases are rising yearly. New anticancer drugs have been developed as our understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind diverse solid tumors, and metastatic malignancies have increased. Plant-derived phytochemical compounds target different oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, protein channels, immune cells, protein channels, and pumps, which have attracted much attention for treating cancer in preclinical studies. Despite the anticancer capabilities of these phytochemical compounds, systemic toxicity, medication resistance, and limited absorption remain more significant obstacles in clinical trials. Therefore, drug combinations of new phytochemical compounds, phytonanomedicine, semi-synthetic, and synthetic analogs should be considered to supplement the existing cancer therapies. It is also crucial to consider different strategies for increased production of phytochemical bioactive substances. The primary goal of this review is to highlight several bioactive anticancer phytochemical compounds found in plants, preclinical research, their synthetic and semi-synthetic analogs, and clinical trials. Additionally, biotechnological and metabolic engineering strategies are explored to enhance the production of bioactive phytochemical compounds. Ligands and their interactions with their putative targets are also explored through molecular docking studies. Therefore, emphasis is given to gathering comprehensive data regarding modern biotechnology, metabolic engineering, molecular biology, and in silico tools.
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Godínez-Martínez E, Santillán R, Sámano R, Chico-Barba G, Tolentino MC, Hernández-Pineda J. Effectiveness of 3,3'-Diindolylmethane Supplements on Favoring the Benign Estrogen Metabolism Pathway and Decreasing Body Fat in Premenopausal Women. Nutr Cancer 2023; 75:510-519. [PMID: 36111381 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2022.2123535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The Estrogen Metabolites (2-hydroxyestrogens: 16α-hydroxyestrone) Urine Ratio (EMUR) has been negatively associated with breast cancer; Mexican women have a lower EMUR than other populations. We evaluated the effectiveness of 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM) supplementation on increasing EMUR in premenopausal women. A randomized, double-blind clinical trial (NCT02525159 at ClinicalTrial.gov) was carried out on 60 women with an EMUR below 0.9. Patients were assigned randomly to receive a placebo or 75 mg of DIM a day (administered as 300 mg of DIM-BR®) for 30 day. Urine samples were obtained at baseline, at 30 day of supplementation, and 30 day after finishing supplementation. A Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the EMUR; an ANOVA was used to analyze differences in body composition. EMUR was analyzed using ESTRAMET™ kits. While DIM-treated subjects did not increase their EMUR at 30 day of supplementation (p > 0.05), there was a non-significant positive trend 30 day once supplementation ended (p = 0.06). The DIM group saw a more significant decrease in body fat percentage than the placebo group (p = 0.04). In premenopausal Mexican women, 75 mg of the daily DIM supplement was ineffective in increasing EMUR; further studies are needed to evaluate the effective dosage, time frames, and effect on body fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estela Godínez-Martínez
- Coordinación de Nutrición y Bioprogramación, Subdirección de Intervenciones Comunitarias, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - René Santillán
- Dirección General de Calidad y Educación en Salud, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Reyna Sámano
- Coordinación de Nutrición y Bioprogramación, Subdirección de Intervenciones Comunitarias, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Chico-Barba
- Coordinación de Nutrición y Bioprogramación, Subdirección de Intervenciones Comunitarias, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mari Cruz Tolentino
- Coordinación de Nutrición y Bioprogramación, Subdirección de Intervenciones Comunitarias, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jessica Hernández-Pineda
- Departamento de Infectología e Inmunología, Subdirección de Investigación Clínica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City, Mexico
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15
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Penta D, Natesh J, Mondal P, Meeran SM. Dietary Diindolylmethane Enhances the Therapeutic Effect of Centchroman in Breast Cancer by Inhibiting Neoangiogenesis. Nutr Cancer 2023; 75:734-749. [PMID: 36370104 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2022.2143825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Tumor angiogenesis is primarily regulated by vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptor (VEGF-VEGFR) communication, which is involved in cancer cell growth, progression, and metastasis. Diindolylmethane (DIM), a dietary bioactive from cruciferous vegetables, has been extensively studied in preclinical models for breast cancer prevention and treatment. Nevertheless, the possible role of DIM in the angiogenesis and metastasis regulations in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains elusive. Here, we investigated the potential anti-angiogenic and anti-metastatic role of DIM in combination with centchroman (CC). We observed that the oral administration of the DIM and CC combination suppressed primary tumor growth and tumor-associated vascularization in 4T1 tumors. Further, the DIM and CC combination exhibited a strong inhibitory effect on VEGF-induced angiogenesis in matrigel plugs. The mechanistic study demonstrated that DIM and CC could effectively downregulate VEGFA expression in tumor tissue and strongly interact with VEGFR2 to block its kinase activity. Interestingly, the DIM and CC combination also suppressed the lung metastasis of the highly metastatic 4T1 tumors through the downregulation of FAK/MMP9/2 signaling and reversal of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Overall, these findings suggest that DIM-based nutraceuticals and functional foods can be developed as adjuvant therapy for treating TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanamjai Penta
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Jagadish Natesh
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Priya Mondal
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Syed Musthapa Meeran
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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16
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3,3'-Diindolylmethane Augments 5-Fluorouracil-InducedGrowth Suppression in Gastric Cancer Cells through Suppression of the Akt/GSK-3 β and WNT/Beta-Catenin. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2023; 2023:8268955. [PMID: 36785670 PMCID: PMC9922186 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8268955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most lethal cancers in South Korea, and it is a cancer of concern worldwide. 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) is commonly used as the first-line therapy for advanced GC; however, its side effects often limit the dosage range and impair patients' quality of life. Due to the limitations of current chemotherapy, new anticancer therapies are urgently needed. 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM) has been reported to have the ability to protect against various types of cancer. Our study aimed to elucidate the anticancer effect of DIM in GC when treated with the chemotherapeutic agent 5-Fu. In our results, combined treatment with DIM and 5-Fu resulted in higher apoptosis and lower cell proliferation than treatment with 5-Fu in SNU484 and SNU638 cell lines. Furthermore, when DIM and 5-Fu were administered together, cell invasion was diminished by mediated E-cadherin, MMP-9, and uPA; p-Akt and p-GSK-3β levels were reduced more significantly than when 5-Fu was administered alone. Moreover, in the Wnt signaling pathway, combined treatment of DIM and 5-Fu diminished β-catenin levels in the nucleus and inhibited cyclin D1and c-Myc protein levels. The Akt inhibitor, wortmannin, further inhibited the levels of β-catenin and c-Myc that were inhibited by DIM and 5-Fu. Furthermore, an animal xenograft model demonstrated that DIM combined with 5-Fu considerably reduced tumor growth without any toxic effects by regulating the Akt/GSK-3β and β-catenin levels. Our findings suggest that DIM significantly potentiates the anticancer effects of 5-Fu by targeting the Akt/GSK-3β and WNT/β-catenin because the combination therapy is more effective than 5-Fu alone, thereby offering an innovative potential therapy for patients with GC.
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17
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Vermillion Maier ML, Siddens LK, Pennington JM, Uesugi SL, Tilton SC, Vertel EA, Anderson KA, Tidwell LG, Ognibene TJ, Turteltaub KW, Smith JN, Williams DE. Benzo[a]pyrene toxicokinetics in humans following dietary supplementation with 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM) or Brussels sprouts. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 460:116377. [PMID: 36642108 PMCID: PMC9946811 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Utilizing the atto-zeptomole sensitivity of UPLC-accelerator mass spectrometry (UPLC-AMS), we previously demonstrated significant first-pass metabolism following escalating (25-250 ng) oral micro-dosing in humans of [14C]-benzo[a]pyrene ([14C]-BaP). The present study examines the potential for supplementation with Brussels sprouts (BS) or 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM) to alter plasma levels of [14C]-BaP and metabolites over a 48-h period following micro-dosing with 50 ng (5.4 nCi) [14C]-BaP. Volunteers were dosed with [14C]-BaP following fourteen days on a cruciferous vegetable restricted diet, or the same diet supplemented for seven days with 50 g of BS or 300 mg of BR-DIM® prior to dosing. BS or DIM reduced total [14C] recovered from plasma by 56-67% relative to non-intervention. Dietary supplementation with DIM markedly increased Tmax and reduced Cmax for [14C]-BaP indicative of slower absorption. Both dietary treatments significantly reduced Cmax values of four downstream BaP metabolites, consistent with delaying BaP absorption. Dietary treatments also appeared to reduce the T1/2 and the plasma AUC(0,∞) for Unknown Metabolite C, indicating some effect in accelerating clearance of this metabolite. Toxicokinetic constants for other metabolites followed the pattern for [14C]-BaP (metabolite profiles remained relatively consistent) and non-compartmental analysis did not indicate other significant alterations. Significant amounts of metabolites in plasma were at the bay region of [14C]-BaP irrespective of treatment. Although the number of subjects and large interindividual variation are limitations of this study, it represents the first human trial showing dietary intervention altering toxicokinetics of a defined dose of a known human carcinogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica L Vermillion Maier
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, ALS 1007, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Lisbeth K Siddens
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Jamie M Pennington
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Sandra L Uesugi
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Susan C Tilton
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; NIEHS Superfund Research Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Emily A Vertel
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Kim A Anderson
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; NIEHS Superfund Research Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Lane G Tidwell
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Ted J Ognibene
- Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA.
| | - Kenneth W Turteltaub
- Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA; Biology and Biotechnology Research Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA.
| | - Jordan N Smith
- NIEHS Superfund Research Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Chemical Biology and Exposure Science, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA.
| | - David E Williams
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; NIEHS Superfund Research Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
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18
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Penta D, Tripathi P, Rajarajan D, Natesh J, Mondal P, Meeran SM. Diindolylmethane Promotes Metabolic Crisis and Enhances the Efficacy of Centchroman in Breast Cancer: A 1H NMR-Based Approach. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:43147-43160. [PMID: 36467932 PMCID: PMC9713897 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Diindolylmethane (DIM) is a key metabolite of indole-3-carbinol found in cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli, cauliflower, and cabbage. DIM has been known for its anti-cancerous activity through various mechanisms. Most cancer cells, including triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), adapt distinct metabolic reprogramming for rapid growth and proliferation. Hence, targeting metabolic dysregulation may provide a favorable therapeutic condition for the treatment of TNBC. Earlier, we found that DIM increases the intracellular accumulation of Centchroman (CC), a potential anticancer agent, thereby enhancing the therapeutic potential of CC against breast cancer. However, the role of DIM in regulating TNBC cellular metabolism remains unknown. In the current study, we investigated the potential therapeutic interventions of DIM in TNBC and its metabolic reprogramming in enhancing the efficacy of CC. We found that DIM induced metabolic catastrophe in TNBC cells by regulating aerobic glycolysis and intermediate metabolism. Further, the DIM and CC combination significantly inhibited the TNBC tumor growth in the 4T1-syngeneic model. The inhibition of tumor growth was associated with the downregulation of key aerobic glycolysis mediators such as PKM2, GLUT1, and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α). This is a first-of-a-kind investigation linking DIM with aerobic glycolysis regulation and enhancing the treatment efficacy of CC against TNBC. Therefore, these findings suggest that DIM-based nutraceuticals and functional foods can be developed as adjuvant therapy for treating metabolically dysregulated TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanamjai Penta
- Department
of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological
Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka 570020, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Pratima Tripathi
- Plantation
Products, Spices & Flavour Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka 570020, India
| | - Dheeran Rajarajan
- Department
of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological
Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka 570020, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Jagadish Natesh
- Department
of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological
Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka 570020, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Priya Mondal
- Department
of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological
Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka 570020, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Syed Musthapa Meeran
- Department
of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological
Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka 570020, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- , . Phone: +91 821 2517760
ext.: 2476. Fax: +91 821 2516308
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Vrânceanu M, Galimberti D, Banc R, Dragoş O, Cozma-Petruţ A, Hegheş SC, Voştinaru O, Cuciureanu M, Stroia CM, Miere D, Filip L. The Anticancer Potential of Plant-Derived Nutraceuticals via the Modulation of Gene Expression. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11192524. [PMID: 36235389 PMCID: PMC9571524 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Current studies show that approximately one-third of all cancer-related deaths are linked to diet and several cancer forms are preventable with balanced nutrition, due to dietary compounds being able to reverse epigenetic abnormalities. An appropriate diet in cancer patients can lead to changes in gene expression and enhance the efficacy of therapy. It has been demonstrated that nutraceuticals can act as powerful antioxidants at the cellular level as well as anticarcinogenic agents. This review is focused on the best studies on worldwide-available plant-derived nutraceuticals: curcumin, resveratrol, sulforaphane, indole-3-carbinol, quercetin, astaxanthin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, and lycopene. These compounds have an enhanced effect on epigenetic changes such as histone modification via HDAC (histone deacetylase), HAT (histone acetyltransferase) inhibition, DNMT (DNA methyltransferase) inhibition, and non-coding RNA expression. All of these nutraceuticals are reported to positively modulate the epigenome, reducing cancer incidence. Furthermore, the current review addresses the issue of the low bioavailability of nutraceuticals and how to overcome the drawbacks related to their oral administration. Understanding the mechanisms by which nutraceuticals influence gene expression will allow their incorporation into an “epigenetic diet” that could be further capitalized on in the therapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vrânceanu
- Department of Toxicology, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Damiano Galimberti
- Italian Association of Anti-Ageing Physicians, Via Monte Cristallo, 1, 20159 Milan, Italy
| | - Roxana Banc
- Department of Bromatology, Hygiene, Nutrition, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence: (R.B.); (O.D.); Tel.: +40-744-367-958 (R.B.); +40-733-040-917 (O.D.)
| | - Ovidiu Dragoş
- Department of Kinetotheraphy and Special Motricity, “1 Decembrie 1918” University of Alba Iulia, 510009 Alba Iulia, Romania
- Correspondence: (R.B.); (O.D.); Tel.: +40-744-367-958 (R.B.); +40-733-040-917 (O.D.)
| | - Anamaria Cozma-Petruţ
- Department of Bromatology, Hygiene, Nutrition, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Simona-Codruţa Hegheş
- Department of Drug Analysis, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Oliviu Voştinaru
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Physiopathology, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Magdalena Cuciureanu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa” Iasi, 16 Universităţii Street, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Carmina Mariana Stroia
- Department of Pharmacy, Oradea University, 1 Universităţii Street, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Doina Miere
- Department of Bromatology, Hygiene, Nutrition, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lorena Filip
- Department of Bromatology, Hygiene, Nutrition, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Diindolylmethane Inhibits Cadmium-Induced Autophagic Cell Death via Regulation of Oxidative Stress in HEL299 Human Lung Fibroblasts. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165215. [PMID: 36014455 PMCID: PMC9414701 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), a harmful heavy metal, can lead to various pulmonary diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), by inducing cytotoxicity and disturbing redox homeostasis. The aim of the present study was to investigate Cd-mediated cytotoxicity using human lung fibroblasts and the therapeutic potential of 3,3′-diindolylmethane (DIM). Cadmium significantly reduced the cell viability of human embryonic lung (HEL299) cells accompanied by enhanced oxidative stress as evidenced by the increased expression of autophagy-related proteins such as LC3B and p62. However, treatment with DIM significantly suppressed autophagic cell death in Cd-induced HEL299 fibroblasts. In addition, DIM induced antioxidant enzyme activity and decreased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in Cd-damaged HEL299 cells. This study suggests that DIM effectively suppressed Cd-induced lung fibroblast cell death through the upregulation of antioxidant systems and represents a potential agent for the prevention of various diseases related to Cd exposure.
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3,3′-Diindolylmethane Enhances Fluorouracil Sensitivity via Inhibition of Pyrimidine Metabolism in Colorectal Cancer. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12050410. [PMID: 35629914 PMCID: PMC9144298 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12050410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance limits treatment outcomes in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. A dimeric metabolite of indole-3-carbinol, 3,3′-diindolylmethane (DIM) is abundant in cruciferous vegetables and has shown anticancer efficacy. The role of DIM in regulating chemosensitivity in CRC remains unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that DIM treatment inhibits the malignant progression of CRC. RNA sequencing indicated that pyrimidine synthesis genes are attenuated by DIM treatment. Stable 13C-labeled glucose tracing revealed that DIM inhibits de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis in CRC. DIM increases 5-FU cytotoxicity in CRC via regulation of the expression of pyrimidine metabolism-related genes. DIM synergizes with 5-FU to enhance its inhibitory effects on CRC both in vivo and in vitro. Our results suggest that DIM improves the therapeutic outcomes of FU-based chemotherapy in CRCs by inhibiting pyrimidine metabolism, identifying a new strategy for clinical therapy.
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22
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Anti-Virulence Activity of 3,3′-Diindolylmethane (DIM): A Bioactive Cruciferous Phytochemical with Accelerated Wound Healing Benefits. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14050967. [PMID: 35631553 PMCID: PMC9144697 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14050967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is among the top global health problems with antibacterial resistance currently representing the major threat both in terms of occurrence and complexity. One reason current treatments of bacterial diseases are ineffective is the occurrence of protective and resistant biofilm structures. Phytochemicals are currently being reviewed for newer anti-virulence agents. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the anti-virulence activity of 3,3′-diindolylmethane (DIM), a bioactive cruciferous phytochemical. Using a series of in vitro assays on major Gram-negative pathogens, including transcriptomic analysis, and in vivo porcine wound studies as well as in silico experiments, we show that DIM has anti-biofilm activity. Following DIM treatment, our findings show that biofilm formation of two of the most prioritized bacterial pathogens Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was inhibited respectively by 65% and 70%. Combining the antibiotic tobramycin with DIM enabled a high inhibition (94%) of P. aeruginosa biofilm. A DIM-based formulation, evaluated for its wound-healing efficacy on P. aeruginosa-infected wounds, showed a reduction in its bacterial bioburden, and wound size. RNA-seq was used to evaluate the molecular mechanism underlying the bacterial response to DIM. The gene expression profile encompassed shifts in virulence and biofilm-associated genes. A network regulation analysis showed the downregulation of 14 virulence-associated super-regulators. Quantitative real-time PCR verified and supported the transcriptomic results. Molecular docking and interaction profiling indicate that DIM can be accommodated in the autoinducer- or DNA-binding pockets of the virulence regulators making multiple non-covalent interactions with the key residues that are involved in ligand binding. DIM treatment prevented biofilm formation and destroyed existing biofilm without affecting microbial death rates. This study provides evidence for bacterial virulence attenuation by DIM.
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Zhang Z, Ji L, Liu X, Li Z, Lv Y, Jia Z, Loh TP. Metal-free synthesis of 3,3′-bisindolylmethanes in water using Ph 3C +[B(C 6F 5) 4] − as the pre-catalyst. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo01081j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We described an efficient catalytic species generated from Ph3C+[B(C6F5)4]− by the water mediated Friedel–Crafts type reaction of indoles with carbonyl compounds to access 3,3′-bisindolylmethanes (BIMs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenguo Zhang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Liang Ji
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Liu
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Zhihong Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, and Department of Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yongheng Lv
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Zhenhua Jia
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Teck-Peng Loh
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
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Gandhi GR, Jothi G, Mohana T, Vasconcelos ABS, Montalvão MM, Hariharan G, Sridharan G, Kumar PM, Gurgel RQ, Li HB, Zhang J, Gan RY. Anti-inflammatory natural products as potential therapeutic agents of rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 93:153766. [PMID: 34624807 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease causing severe locomotor disability and deterioration in the quality of life. Existing treatments for RA mainly focus on the use of immunomodulators and the suppression of synovial inflammation, and many have significant side effects. Medicinal plants are regarded as important alternative sources for treating RA. PURPOSE This review summarizes the bioactive compounds of medicinal plants, which have been shown to modulate the immune response by regulating interleukins in vitro and in vivo experimental models, and that may be promising substances for use in the treatment of RA. METHODS Articles on natural products used for the management of arthritis were retrieved from PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science through electronic and manual search in English. In total, 576 publications were identified, and 34 were included in this systematic review. RESULTS Two articles presented findings on the role of natural components in the treatment of arthritis in both in vitro and in vivo studies. Nine reports defined the role of plant-derived natural molecules in the treatment of arthritis using cell lines, and 27 in vivo studies assessed the anti-arthritic efficacy and immunomodulation effects of phytoconstituents on interleukin production and inflammatory responses. CONCLUSION This systematic review broadly reports that, in contrast to other classes of phytochemicals, flavonoids have the greatest therapeutic potential against arthritis by modulating the expression of pro-inflammatory TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-17, as well as anti-inflammatory IL-2 and IL-10 cytokines, through the suppression of dynamic inflammatory biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopalsamy Rajiv Gandhi
- Research Center for Plants and Human Health, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu 600103, China; Postgraduate Program of Health Sciences (PPGCS), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Prof. João Cardoso Nascimento Campus, Aracaju, Sergipe 49060-108, Brazil
| | - Gnanasekaran Jothi
- Department of Biochemistry, Srimad Andavan Arts and Science College (Autonomous) (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620005, India
| | - Thiruchenduran Mohana
- Department of Biochemistry, Madha Dental College and Hospital, Kundrathur, Chennai 600069, India
| | - Alan Bruno Silva Vasconcelos
- Postgraduate Program of Physiological Sciences (PROCFIS), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Campus São Cristóvão, São Cristóvão, Sergipe 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Monalisa Martins Montalvão
- Postgraduate Program of Physiological Sciences (PROCFIS), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Campus São Cristóvão, São Cristóvão, Sergipe 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Govindasamy Hariharan
- Department of Biochemistry, Srimad Andavan Arts and Science College (Autonomous) (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620005, India
| | - Gurunagarajan Sridharan
- Department of Biochemistry, Srimad Andavan Arts and Science College (Autonomous) (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620005, India
| | - Perumal Madan Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka 570020, India
| | - Ricardo Querioz Gurgel
- Postgraduate Program of Health Sciences (PPGCS), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Prof. João Cardoso Nascimento Campus, Aracaju, Sergipe 49060-108, Brazil
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Department of Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Research Center for Plants and Human Health, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu 600103, China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China.
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Zhu K, Liu X, Liu C, Xu Y, Fu Y, Dong W, Yan Y, Wang W, Qian C. AKT inhibitor AZD5363 suppresses stemness and promotes anti-cancer activity of 3,3'-diindolylmethane in human breast cancer cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 429:115700. [PMID: 34464674 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM) is a dimer compound converted from Indoly-3-carbinol that had been studied as promising chemo-preventive agent against breast cancer. In this study, we observed that proportion of CD133+Nanog+ subpopulation in MCF-7 cells was significantly increased after DIM administration with up-regulated AKT activity by using CyTOF assay. SPADE analysis revealed this stem-like subpopulation exhibited apoptosis-resistance property against DIM treatment. By combining with AKT inhibitor AZD5363, DIM induced CD133 expression could be suppressed. In addition, a combination treatment of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells with DIM and AZD5363 showed synergistic decreases in cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. Furthermore, results from imaging flow cytometry suggested that FoxO3a nuclear localization and PUMA expression could be improved by combination of AZD5363 with DIM. Taken together, the above observations suggested that the combination of AZD5363 with DIM could be developed as potential therapy for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyuan Zhu
- Department of breast cancer surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of breast cancer surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China
| | - Chunxiao Liu
- Department of breast cancer surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China
| | - Yuting Xu
- Department of breast cancer surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China
| | - Yingqiang Fu
- Department of breast cancer surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China
| | - Wei Dong
- Department of breast cancer surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China
| | - Yadong Yan
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Cheng Qian
- Department of breast cancer surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China; North China Translational Medicine Research Center of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China.
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Cabbage and Sauerkraut Consumption in Adolescence and Adulthood and Breast Cancer Risk among US-Resident Polish Migrant Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182010795. [PMID: 34682540 PMCID: PMC8535652 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer (BC) incidence and mortality are lower in Poland than in the United States (US). However, Polish-born migrant women to US approach the higher BC mortality rates of US women. We evaluated the association between consumption of cabbage/sauerkraut foods and BC risk in Polish-born migrants to US. Methods: We conducted a case–control study of BC among Polish-born migrants in Cook County and the Detroit Metropolitan Area. Cases (n = 131) were 20–79 years old with histological/cytological confirmation of invasive BC. Population-based controls (n = 284) were frequency matched to cases on age and residence. Food frequency questionnaires assessed diet during adulthood and age 12–13 years. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated with conditional logistic regression. Consumption of total, raw/short-cooked, and long-cooked cabbage/sauerkraut foods was categorized as low, medium, or high (frequency of servings/week). Results: Higher consumption of total and raw/short-cooked cabbage/sauerkraut foods, during both adolescence and adulthood, was associated with a significantly lower BC risk. Consumption of long-cooked cabbage/sauerkraut foods was low and not significantly associated with risk. The multivariate OR for total cabbage/sauerkraut consumption, high vs. low (>4 vs. ≤2 servings/week) during adolescence was 0.36 (95% CI = 0.18–0.71, ptrend < 0.01) and 0.50 (95% CI = 0.23–1.06, ptrend = 0.08) during adulthood. For raw/short-cooked cabbage/sauerkraut (>3 vs. ≤1.5 servings/week), the ORs were 0.35 (95% CI = 0.16–0.72, ptrend < 0.01) during adolescence and 0.37 (95% CI = 0.17–0.78, ptrend < 0.01) during adulthood. For joint adolescent/adult consumption of raw/short-cooked cabbage/sauerkraut foods, (high, high) vs. (low, low), the OR was 0.23 (95% CI = 0.07–0.65). The significant association for high adolescent consumption of raw/short-cooked cabbage/sauerkraut foods and reduced BC risk was consistent across all levels of consumption in adulthood. Conclusion: Greater consumption of total and raw/short-cooked cabbage/sauerkraut foods either during adolescence or adulthood was associated with significantly reduced BC risk among Polish migrant women. These findings contribute to the growing literature suggesting a protective effect of a potentially modifiable factor, cruciferous vegetable intake, on breast cancer risk.
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Williams DE. Indoles Derived From Glucobrassicin: Cancer Chemoprevention by Indole-3-Carbinol and 3,3'-Diindolylmethane. Front Nutr 2021; 8:734334. [PMID: 34660663 PMCID: PMC8517077 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.734334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrolysis of glucobrassicin by plant or bacterial myrosinase produces multiple indoles predominantly indole-3-carbinol (I3C). I3C and its major in vivo product, 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM), are effective cancer chemopreventive agents in pre-clinical models and show promise in clinical trials. The pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of DIM have been studied in both rodents and humans and urinary DIM is a proposed biomarker of dietary intake of cruciferous vegetables. Recent clinical studies at Oregon State University show surprisingly robust metabolism of DIM in vivo with mono- and di-hydroxylation followed by conjugation with sulfate or glucuronic acid. DIM has multiple mechanisms of action, the most well-characterized is modulation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) signaling. In rainbow trout dose-dependent cancer chemoprevention by dietary I3C is achieved when given prior to or concurrent with aflatoxin B1, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, nitrosamines or direct acting carcinogens such as N-methyl-N'-nitro-nitrosoguanidine. Feeding pregnant mice I3C inhibits transplacental carcinogenesis. In humans much of the focus has been on chemoprevention of breast and prostate cancer. Alteration of cytochrome P450-dependent estrogen metabolism is hypothesized to be an important driver of DIM-dependent breast cancer prevention. The few studies done to date comparing glucobrassicin-rich crucifers such as Brussels sprouts with I3C/DIM supplements have shown the greater impact of the latter is due to dose. Daily ingestion of kg quantities of Brussels sprouts is required to produce in vivo levels of DIM achievable by supplementation. In clinical trials these supplement doses have elicited few if any adverse effects. Sulforaphane from glucoraphanin can act synergistically with glucobrassicin-derived DIM and this may lead to opportunities for combinatorial approaches (supplement and food-based) in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E. Williams
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
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28
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Talukdar R. Catalyzed and uncatalyzed procedures for the syntheses of isomeric covalent multi-indolyl hetero non-metallides: an account. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:2102-2122. [PMID: 34476017 PMCID: PMC8381850 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Two or more indole molecules tailored to a single non-metal central atom, through any of their C2–7 positions are not only structurally engaging but also constitute a class of important pharmacophores. Although the body of such multi-indolyl non-metallide molecules are largely shared to the anticancer agent bis(indolyl)methane, other heteroatomic analogs also possess similar medicinal properties. This concise review will discuss various catalytic and uncatalytic synthetic strategies adopted for the synthesis of the non-ionic (non-metallic) versions of these important molecules till date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranadeep Talukdar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Midnapore, West Bengal - 721302, India
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Vermillion Maier ML, Siddens LK, Uesugi SL, Choi J, Leonard SW, Pennington JM, Tilton SC, Smith JN, Ho E, Chow HHS, Nguyen BD, Kolluri SK, Williams DE. 3,3'-Diindolylmethane Exhibits Significant Metabolism after Oral Dosing in Humans. Drug Metab Dispos 2021; 49:694-705. [PMID: 34035125 PMCID: PMC8407664 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.120.000346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
3,3'-Diindolylmethane (DIM), a major phytochemical derived from ingestion of cruciferous vegetables, is also a dietary supplement. In preclinical models, DIM is an effective cancer chemopreventive agent and has been studied in a number of clinical trials. Previous pharmacokinetic studies in preclinical and clinical models have not reported DIM metabolites in plasma or urine after oral dosing, and the pharmacological actions of DIM on target tissues is assumed to be solely via the parent compound. Seven subjects (6 males and 1 female) ranging from 26-65 years of age, on a cruciferous vegetable-restricted diet prior to and during the study, took 2 BioResponse DIM 150-mg capsules (45.3 mg DIM/capsule) every evening for one week with a final dose the morning of the first blood draw. A complete time course was performed with plasma and urine collected over 48 hours and analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS. In addition to parent DIM, two monohydroxylated metabolites and 1 dihydroxylated metabolite, along with their sulfate and glucuronide conjugates, were present in both plasma and urine. Results reported here are indicative of significant phase 1 and phase 2 metabolism and differ from previous pharmacokinetic studies in rodents and humans, which reported only parent DIM present after oral administration. 3-((1H-indole-3-yl)methyl)indolin-2-one, identified as one of the monohydroxylated products, exhibited greater potency and efficacy as an aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist when tested in a xenobiotic response element-luciferase reporter assay using Hepa1 cells. In addition to competitive phytochemical-drug adverse reactions, additional metabolites may exhibit pharmacological activity highlighting the importance of further characterization of DIM metabolism in humans. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: 3,3'-Diindolylmethane (DIM), derived from indole-3-carbinol in cruciferous vegetables, is an effective cancer chemopreventive agent in preclinical models and a popular dietary supplement currently in clinical trials. Pharmacokinetic studies to date have found little or no metabolites of DIM in plasma or urine. In marked contrast, we demonstrate rapid appearance of mono- and dihydroxylated metabolites in human plasma and urine as well as their sulfate and glucuronide conjugates. The 3-((1H-indole-3-yl)methyl)indolin-2-one metabolite exhibited significant aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist activity, emphasizing the need for further characterization of the pharmacological properties of DIM metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica L Vermillion Maier
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology (M.L.V.M., L.K.S., S.C.T., B.D.N., S.K.K., D.E.W.), the Linus Pauling Institute (M.L.V.M., S.L.U., J.C., S.W.L., J.M.P., E.H., D.E.W.), School of Biological and Population Health Sciences (E.H.), Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR; Systems Toxicology & Exposure Science, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA (J.N.S.); and Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (H.H.S.C.)
| | - Lisbeth K Siddens
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology (M.L.V.M., L.K.S., S.C.T., B.D.N., S.K.K., D.E.W.), the Linus Pauling Institute (M.L.V.M., S.L.U., J.C., S.W.L., J.M.P., E.H., D.E.W.), School of Biological and Population Health Sciences (E.H.), Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR; Systems Toxicology & Exposure Science, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA (J.N.S.); and Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (H.H.S.C.)
| | - Sandra L Uesugi
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology (M.L.V.M., L.K.S., S.C.T., B.D.N., S.K.K., D.E.W.), the Linus Pauling Institute (M.L.V.M., S.L.U., J.C., S.W.L., J.M.P., E.H., D.E.W.), School of Biological and Population Health Sciences (E.H.), Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR; Systems Toxicology & Exposure Science, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA (J.N.S.); and Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (H.H.S.C.)
| | - Jaewoo Choi
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology (M.L.V.M., L.K.S., S.C.T., B.D.N., S.K.K., D.E.W.), the Linus Pauling Institute (M.L.V.M., S.L.U., J.C., S.W.L., J.M.P., E.H., D.E.W.), School of Biological and Population Health Sciences (E.H.), Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR; Systems Toxicology & Exposure Science, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA (J.N.S.); and Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (H.H.S.C.)
| | - Scott W Leonard
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology (M.L.V.M., L.K.S., S.C.T., B.D.N., S.K.K., D.E.W.), the Linus Pauling Institute (M.L.V.M., S.L.U., J.C., S.W.L., J.M.P., E.H., D.E.W.), School of Biological and Population Health Sciences (E.H.), Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR; Systems Toxicology & Exposure Science, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA (J.N.S.); and Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (H.H.S.C.)
| | - Jamie M Pennington
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology (M.L.V.M., L.K.S., S.C.T., B.D.N., S.K.K., D.E.W.), the Linus Pauling Institute (M.L.V.M., S.L.U., J.C., S.W.L., J.M.P., E.H., D.E.W.), School of Biological and Population Health Sciences (E.H.), Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR; Systems Toxicology & Exposure Science, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA (J.N.S.); and Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (H.H.S.C.)
| | - Susan C Tilton
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology (M.L.V.M., L.K.S., S.C.T., B.D.N., S.K.K., D.E.W.), the Linus Pauling Institute (M.L.V.M., S.L.U., J.C., S.W.L., J.M.P., E.H., D.E.W.), School of Biological and Population Health Sciences (E.H.), Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR; Systems Toxicology & Exposure Science, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA (J.N.S.); and Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (H.H.S.C.)
| | - Jordan N Smith
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology (M.L.V.M., L.K.S., S.C.T., B.D.N., S.K.K., D.E.W.), the Linus Pauling Institute (M.L.V.M., S.L.U., J.C., S.W.L., J.M.P., E.H., D.E.W.), School of Biological and Population Health Sciences (E.H.), Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR; Systems Toxicology & Exposure Science, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA (J.N.S.); and Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (H.H.S.C.)
| | - Emily Ho
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology (M.L.V.M., L.K.S., S.C.T., B.D.N., S.K.K., D.E.W.), the Linus Pauling Institute (M.L.V.M., S.L.U., J.C., S.W.L., J.M.P., E.H., D.E.W.), School of Biological and Population Health Sciences (E.H.), Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR; Systems Toxicology & Exposure Science, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA (J.N.S.); and Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (H.H.S.C.)
| | - H H Sherry Chow
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology (M.L.V.M., L.K.S., S.C.T., B.D.N., S.K.K., D.E.W.), the Linus Pauling Institute (M.L.V.M., S.L.U., J.C., S.W.L., J.M.P., E.H., D.E.W.), School of Biological and Population Health Sciences (E.H.), Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR; Systems Toxicology & Exposure Science, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA (J.N.S.); and Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (H.H.S.C.)
| | - Bach D Nguyen
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology (M.L.V.M., L.K.S., S.C.T., B.D.N., S.K.K., D.E.W.), the Linus Pauling Institute (M.L.V.M., S.L.U., J.C., S.W.L., J.M.P., E.H., D.E.W.), School of Biological and Population Health Sciences (E.H.), Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR; Systems Toxicology & Exposure Science, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA (J.N.S.); and Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (H.H.S.C.)
| | - Siva K Kolluri
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology (M.L.V.M., L.K.S., S.C.T., B.D.N., S.K.K., D.E.W.), the Linus Pauling Institute (M.L.V.M., S.L.U., J.C., S.W.L., J.M.P., E.H., D.E.W.), School of Biological and Population Health Sciences (E.H.), Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR; Systems Toxicology & Exposure Science, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA (J.N.S.); and Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (H.H.S.C.)
| | - David E Williams
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology (M.L.V.M., L.K.S., S.C.T., B.D.N., S.K.K., D.E.W.), the Linus Pauling Institute (M.L.V.M., S.L.U., J.C., S.W.L., J.M.P., E.H., D.E.W.), School of Biological and Population Health Sciences (E.H.), Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR; Systems Toxicology & Exposure Science, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA (J.N.S.); and Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (H.H.S.C.)
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Song F, Bian Y, Liu J, Li Z, Zhao L, Fang J, Lai Y, Zhou M. Indole Alkaloids, Synthetic Dimers and Hybrids with Potential In Vivo Anticancer Activity. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 21:377-403. [PMID: 32901583 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200908162311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Indole, a heterocyclic organic compound, is one of the most promising heterocycles found in natural and synthetic sources since its derivatives possess fascinating structural diversity and various therapeutic properties. Indole alkaloids, synthetic dimers and hybrids could act on diverse targets in cancer cells, and consequently, possess potential antiproliferative effects on various cancers both in vitro and in vivo. Vinblastine, midostaurin, and anlotinib as the representative of indole alkaloids, synthetic dimers and hybrids respectively, have already been clinically applied to treat many types of cancers, demonstrating indole alkaloids, synthetic dimers and hybrids are useful scaffolds for the development of novel anticancer agents. Covering articles published between 2010 and 2020, this review emphasizes the recent development of indole alkaloids, synthetic dimers and hybrids with potential in vivo therapeutic application for cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Song
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, Shandong, China
| | - Yunqiang Bian
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, Shandong, China
| | - Zhenghua Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, Shandong, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, Shandong, China
| | - Junman Fang
- School of Life Sciences, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, Shandong, China
| | - Yonghong Lai
- School of Life Sciences, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, Shandong, China
| | - Meng Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, Shandong, China
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31
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Ciska E, Honke J, Drabińska N. Changes in glucosinolates and their breakdown products during the fermentation of cabbage and prolonged storage of sauerkraut: Focus on sauerkraut juice. Food Chem 2021; 365:130498. [PMID: 34243119 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Sauerkraut juice has not gained much scientific attention to date. Therefore, this study aimed to track changes in glucosinolates (GLS) during fermentation of white cabbage and the formation of corresponding breakdown products in sauerkraut and sauerkraut juice separately and to evaluate their stability during prolonged storage of the final products. The results obtained indicate that both sauerkraut and sauerkraut juice are a good source of bioactive compounds: ascorbigen and isothiocyanates. The stability of individual compounds during storage varied, and the absolute content of phytochemicals depended on the content of native GLS in the raw material and its bacterial composition. The dominant compound was ascorbigen, stable in acidic pH in both sauerkraut and sauerkraut juice, even after prolonged storage. Sauerkraut juice was also found as a rich source of bioactive isothiocyanates. One 250 mL glass of sauerkraut juice (after two weeks) can deliver approx. 75 μmol of bioactive ascorbien and isothiocyanates, hence it can be considered as functional food, delivering beneficial health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Ciska
- Department of Chemistry and Biodynamics of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10 Str., 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Joanna Honke
- Department of Chemistry and Biodynamics of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10 Str., 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Natalia Drabińska
- Department of Chemistry and Biodynamics of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10 Str., 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland.
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32
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Xiang F, Zhu Z, Zhang M, Wang J, Chen Z, Li X, Zhang T, Gu Q, Wu R, Kang X. 3,3'-Diindolylmethane Enhances Paclitaxel Sensitivity by Suppressing DNMT1-Mediated KLF4 Methylation in Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:627856. [PMID: 34150611 PMCID: PMC8209418 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.627856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Paclitaxel (PTX) is a first-line chemotherapeutic drug for the treatment of breast cancer, but drug resistance seriously limits its clinical use. The aim of the present work was to explore the effect of 3,3’-diindolylmethane (DIM) on PTX sensitivity and its possible mechanism in breast cancer. The expression of Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) and DNA-methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) in breast cancer tissues were assessed by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. The methylation of KLF4 was evaluated by the MassARRAY platform. The lentivirus carrying KLF4 and DNMT1 gene or shRNA targeting DNMT1 were used to overexpress KLF4 or knockdown DNMT1 in MCF-7 and T47D breast cancer cells and the role of KLF4 and DNMT1 in regulation of PTX sensitivity was investigated. The effect of PTX on inhibiting the proliferation of MCF-7 and T47D cells was measured by CCK-8 assay. Flow cytometry was used to examine cell apoptosis. The expression of mRNA and protein was evaluated by qRT-PCR and Western blotting analysis, respectively. Our data showed that the expression of DNMT1 was increased, and the methylation level of CpG sites (−148 bp) in the KLF4 promoter was increased while the KLF4 expression was significantly decreased in breast cancer tissues. Overexpression of KLF4 increased the sensitivity of MCF-7 and T47D cells to PTX. DNMT1 increased the methylation of the KLF4 promoter and decrease the expression of KLF4. Knockdown of DNMT1 increased the sensitivity of MCF-7 and T47D cells to PTX. DIM enhanced the PTX sensitivity of MCF-7 and T47D cells, decreased the expression of DNMT1 and the methylation level of KLF4 promoter, thus increasing the level of KLF4. Furthermore, overexpression of DNMT1 attenuated the effect of DIM on the regulation of PTX sensitivity. Collectively, our data indicated that DNMT1-mediated hypermethylation of KLF4 promoter leads to downregulation of KLF4 in breast cancer. The level of KLF4 is correlated with the sensitivity of MCF-7 and T47D cells to PTX. DIM could enhance the antitumor efficacy of PTX on MCF-7 and T47D cells by regulating DNMT1 and KLF4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenfen Xiang
- Laboratory Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaowei Zhu
- Laboratory Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengzhe Zhang
- Laboratory Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Wang
- General Surgery, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zixi Chen
- Laboratory Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Li
- Laboratory Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Laboratory Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Gu
- Laboratory Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Wu
- Laboratory Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangdong Kang
- Laboratory Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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El Moukhtari SH, Rodríguez-Nogales C, Blanco-Prieto MJ. Oral lipid nanomedicines: Current status and future perspectives in cancer treatment. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 173:238-251. [PMID: 33774117 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oral anticancer drugs have earned a seat at the table, as the need for homecare treatment in oncology has increased. Interest in this field is growing as a result of their proven efficacy, lower costs and positive patient uptake. However, the gastrointestinal barrier is still the main obstacle to surmount in chemotherapeutic oral delivery. Anticancer nanomedicines have been proposed to solve this quandary. Among these, lipid nanoparticles are described to be efficiently absorbed while protecting drugs from early degradation in hostile environments. Their intestinal lymphatic tropism or mucoadhesive/penetrative properties give them unique characteristics for oral administration. Considering that chronic cancer cases are increasing over time, it is important to be able to provide treatments with low toxicity and low prices. The challenges, opportunities and therapeutic perspectives of lipid nanoparticles in this area will be discussed in this review, taking into consideration the pre-clinical and clinical progress made in the last decade.
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34
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Penta D, Mondal P, Natesh J, Meeran SM. Dietary bioactive diindolylmethane enhances the therapeutic efficacy of centchroman in breast cancer cells by regulating ABCB1/P-gp efflux transporter. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 94:108749. [PMID: 33910062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of drug efflux transporters is commonly associated with multidrug-resistance in cancer therapy. Here for the first time, we investigated the ability of diindolylmethane (DIM), a dietary bioactive rich in cruciferous vegetables, in enhancing the efficacy of Centchroman (CC) by modulating the drug efflux transporters in human breast cancer cells. CC is a selective estrogen receptor modulator, having promising therapeutic efficacy against breast cancer. The combination of DIM and CC synergistically inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells. This novel combination has also hindered the stemness of human breast cancer cells. Molecular docking analysis revealed that DIM had shown a strong binding affinity with the substrate-binding sites of ABCB1 (P-gp) and ABCC1 (MRP1) drug-efflux transporters. DIM has increased the intracellular accumulation of Hoechst and Calcein, the substrates of P-gp and MRP1, respectively, in breast cancer cells. Further, DIM stimulates P-gp ATPase activity, which indicates that DIM binds at the substrate-binding domain of P-gp, and thereby inhibits its efflux activity. Intriguingly, DIM enhanced the intracellular concentration of CC by inhibiting the P-gp and MRP1 expression as well as activity. The intracellular retaining of CC has increased its efficacy against breast cancer. Overall, DIM, a dietary bioactive, enhances the anticancer efficiency of CC through modulation of drug efflux ABC-transporters in breast cancer cells. Therefore, DIM-based nutraceuticals and functional foods can be developed as adjuvant therapy against human breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanamjai Penta
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Priya Mondal
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Jagadish Natesh
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Syed Musthapa Meeran
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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van Tongeren TCA, Moxon TE, Dent MP, Li H, Carmichael PL, Rietjens IMCM. Next generation risk assessment of human exposure to anti-androgens using newly defined comparator compound values. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 73:105132. [PMID: 33662517 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Next Generation Risk Assessment (NGRA) can use the so-called Dietary Comparator Ratio (DCR) to evaluate the safety of a defined exposure to a compound of interest. The DCR compares the Exposure Activity Ratio (EAR) for the compound of interest, to the EAR of an established safe level of human exposure to a comparator compound with the same putative mode of action. A DCR ≤ 1 indicates the exposure evaluated is safe. The present study aimed at defining adequate and safe comparator compound exposures for evaluation of anti-androgenic effects, using 3,3-diindolylmethane (DIM), from cruciferous vegetables, and the anti-androgenic drug bicalutamide (BIC). EAR values for these comparator compounds were defined using the AR-CALUX assay. The adequacy of the new comparator EAR values was evaluated using PBK modelling and by comparing the generated DCRs of a series of test compound exposures to actual knowledge on their safety regarding in vivo anti-androgenicity. Results obtained supported the use of AR-CALUX-based comparator EARs for DCR-based NGRA for putative anti-androgenic compounds. This further validates the DCR approach as an animal free in silico/in vitro 3R compliant method in NGRA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa C A van Tongeren
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, 6700, EA, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Thomas E Moxon
- Unilever Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Matthew P Dent
- Unilever Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Hequn Li
- Unilever Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Paul L Carmichael
- Unilever Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Ivonne M C M Rietjens
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, 6700, EA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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36
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Li L, Chen R, Lin YT, Humayun A, Fornace AJ, Li HH. 3,3'-Diindolylmethane Enhances Tumor Regression After Radiation Through Protecting Normal Cells to Modulate Antitumor Immunity. Adv Radiat Oncol 2021; 6:100601. [PMID: 33490731 PMCID: PMC7811120 DOI: 10.1016/j.adro.2020.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Preclinical and clinical data indicate that radiation therapy acts as an immune modifier, having both immune-stimulatory and immunosuppressive effects on the tumor-immune microenvironment (TIME). 3.3’-diindolylmethane (DIM) sensitizes tumor cells to radiation and protects mice from lethal doses of total body irradiation. We hypothesize that protecting nontumoral cells from the adverse effects of radiation treatment (RT) may help to correct immunosuppression resulting from radiation. Methods and Materials We generated tumor graft models using immune-competent and immune-deficient mouse strains. Narrow-beamed radiation was targeted to tumor sites using shielding. Tumor regression was monitored after DIM and RT versus RT alone. The effects of DIM on the efficacy of RT were assessed using immunohistochemistry staining and gene expression profiling. Complete blood counts, clonogenic cell survival assays, and global gene expression profiling of cultured cells were performed to study DIM’s radioprotective effects on normal cells. Results DIM enhanced tumor regression after RT in immune-competent but not immune-deficient mice. Data indicated that DIM increased intratumoral immune cells after RT, contributing to enhanced immunologic responses such as adhesion and antigen processing. DIM protected normal cells from radiation-induced immediate injuries in vitro and in vivo. Transcriptomic profiling of cultured cells showed that DIM treatment mildly increased expression of some genes that are normally induced after radiation, such as genes involved in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Conclusions In this study, using cultured cells and preclinical breast cancer models, we show that DIM protects normal cells from radiation-induced immediate cellular injury and combination treatment of DIM and radiation potentiates antitumor immune responses and enhances the efficacy of RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Li
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Renxiang Chen
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Yun-Tien Lin
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Arslon Humayun
- Georgetown College, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Albert J Fornace
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC.,Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Heng-Hong Li
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC.,Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
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37
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Chakraborty S, Mir KB, Seligson ND, Nayak D, Kumar R, Goswami A. Integration of EMT and cellular survival instincts in reprogramming of programmed cell death to anastasis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 39:553-566. [PMID: 32020420 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-020-09866-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a tightly controlled, coordinated cellular event responsible for inducing programmed cell death to rid the body of defective or unfit cells. Inhibition of apoptosis is, therefore, an essential process for cancer cells to harness. Genomic variants in apoptotic-controlling genes are highly prevalent in cancer and have been identified to induce pro-proliferation and pro-survival pathways, rendering cancer cells resistant to apoptosis. Traditional understanding of apoptosis defines it as an irreversible process; however, growing evidence suggests that apoptosis is a reversible process from which cells can escape, even after the activation of its most committed stages. The mechanism invoked to reverse apoptosis has been termed anastasis and poses challenges for the development and utilization of chemotherapeutic agents. Anastasis has also been identified as a mechanism by which cells can recover from apoptotic lesions and revert back to its previous functioning state. In this review, we intend to focus the attention of the reader on the comprehensive role of survival, metastasis, and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), as well as DNA damage repair mechanisms in promoting anastasis. Additionally, we will emphasize the mechanistic consequences of anastasis on drug resistance and recent rational therapeutic approaches designed to combat this resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souneek Chakraborty
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, 180001, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India
| | - Khalid Bashir Mir
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, 180001, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India
| | - Nathan D Seligson
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, The University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nemours Children's Specialty Care, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Debasis Nayak
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 540 Riffe Building, 496 West 12th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, 182320, India
| | - Anindya Goswami
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, 180001, India. .,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India.
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38
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An individualized food-based nutrition intervention reduces visceral and total body fat while preserving skeletal muscle mass in breast cancer patients under antineoplastic treatment. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:4394-4403. [PMID: 33485708 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Breast cancer patients (BCP) during treatment often experience an increase in body weight and fat mass, and a decrease in muscle mass known as sarcopenic obesity, affecting their prognosis and quality of life. We aimed to evaluate the effect of a 6-month individualized food-based nutrition intervention program in nonmetastatic BCP body composition during treatment. METHODS This is a pre-post study in recently diagnosed women with invasive ductal/lobular breast carcinoma (clinical stage I-III). The individualized nutrition intervention was based on the dynamic macronutrient meal equivalent menu method (MEM). Dietary plans were developed according to WCRF/AICR guidelines, BCP total energy expenditure, 1.2-1.5 g/kgBW/d of protein intake, 5-9 servings/day of fruits and vegetables, and a caloric restriction (500-1000 kcal/d) when applicable (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2). Follow-up was every 2-weeks and a different diet menu was provided in each session during 6 months. Baseline and final measurements included the assessment of anthropometry, body composition, and physical activity. RESULTS Twenty-two participants completed the study and at diagnosis 68% were overweighed or obese. After the 6-month nutrition intervention program, BCP lost 3.1 kg (p < 0.01) of body weight, 2.7 kg (p < 0.01) of fat-mass, 400 g (p < 0.01) of abdominal fat, 118 g (p < 0.05) of visceral fat, 1.2 kg/m2 of body mass index and 1.1 kg/m2 of fat mass index (p < 0.01). During the period, no changes were observed in bone mineral density (p = 0.3), fat-free mass (p = 0.1) and appendicular skeletal muscle mass (p = 0.2). Menopausal status in BCP did not modify the effect of the nutrition intervention. CONCLUSIONS The individualized food-based nutrition intervention program empowered BCP to make informed healthy food choices within their personal preferences, socioeconomic and cultural background. With this type of intervention, nonmetastatic BCP reduced body weight, fat-mass, fat mass index, visceral and abdominal fat, while preserving skeletal muscle mass, during antineoplastic treatment. ClinicalTrials.govNCT03625635.
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Hu H, Xu WH, Kang WX, Sun W, Sun R, Wei XH, Sun M. Co( iii)-Catalyzed stereospecific synthesis of ( E)-homoallylic alcohols with 4-vinyl-1,3-dioxan-2-ones: late-stage C–H homoallylation of indole derivatives. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00529d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
An Co(iii)-catalyzed stereoselective C–H homoallylation reaction to access (E)-homoallylic alcohols was developed. This protocol provides a powerful approach for the late-stage C–H homoallylation of indole-based molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education
- Department of Chemistry & Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710127
- China
| | - Wen-Hua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education
- Department of Chemistry & Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710127
- China
| | - Wu-Xiang Kang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education
- Department of Chemistry & Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710127
- China
| | - Wei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education
- Department of Chemistry & Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710127
- China
| | - Rui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education
- Department of Chemistry & Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710127
- China
| | - Xiao-Hong Wei
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Minzu University
- Lanzhou 730030
- China
| | - Meng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education
- Department of Chemistry & Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710127
- China
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Indurthi HK, Virdi R, Koli P, Nageswara Rao D, Sharma DK. Seralite SRC-120 resin catalyzed synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes using indoles and low/high boiling point carbonyl compounds under solvent free conditions. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2020.1849724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harish K. Indurthi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology-Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Reena Virdi
- Overseas Healthcare Pvt Ltd, Phillaur, India
| | - Papita Koli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology-Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Desaboini Nageswara Rao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Deepak K Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology-Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Koli P, Reena, Indurthi HK, Sharma DK. Anticancer Activity of 3,3′‐Diindolylmethane and the Molecular Mechanism Involved in Various Cancer Cell Lines. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202003137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Papita Koli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engg. and Tech. Indian Institute of Technology-Banaras Hindu University Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Reena
- Overseas Healthcare Pvt. Ltd. Phillaur, Punjab India
| | - Harish K. Indurthi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engg. and Tech. Indian Institute of Technology-Banaras Hindu University Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Deepak K. Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engg. and Tech. Indian Institute of Technology-Banaras Hindu University Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh India
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Esteve M. Mechanisms Underlying Biological Effects of Cruciferous Glucosinolate-Derived Isothiocyanates/Indoles: A Focus on Metabolic Syndrome. Front Nutr 2020; 7:111. [PMID: 32984393 PMCID: PMC7492599 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An inverse correlation between vegetable consumption and the incidence of cancer has long been described. This protective effect is stronger when cruciferous vegetables are specifically consumed. The beneficial properties of vegetables are attributed to their bioactive components like fiber, antioxidants vitamins, antioxidants, minerals, and phenolic compounds. Cruciferous vegetables contain all these molecules; however, what makes them different are their sulfurous components, called glucosinolates, responsible for their special smell and taste. Glucosinolates are inactive biologically in the organism but are hydrolyzed by the enzyme myrosinase released as a result of chewing, leading to the formation of active derivatives such as isothiocyanates and indoles. A considerable number of in vitro and in vivo studies have reported that isothiocyanates and indoles elicit chemopreventive potency through multiple mechanisms that include modulation of phases I and II detoxification pathway enzymes, regulation of cell cycle arrest, and control of cell growth, induction of apoptosis, antioxidant activity, anti-angiogenic effects, and epigenetic regulation. Nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) are key and central regulators in all these processes with a main role in oxidative stress and inflammation control. It has been described that isothiocyanates and indoles regulate their activity directly and indirectly. Today, the metabolic syndrome (central obesity, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension) is responsible for a majority of deaths worldwide. All components of metabolic syndrome are characterized by chronic inflammation with deregulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR, MAPK/EKR/JNK, Nrf2, and NF-κB signaling pathways. The effects of GLSs derivatives controlling these pathways have been widely described in relation to cancer. Changes in food consumption patterns observed in the last decades to higher consumption of ultra-processed foods, with elevation in simple sugar and saturated fat contents and lower consumption of vegetables and fruits have been directly correlated with metabolic syndrome prevalence. In this review, it is summarized the knowledge regarding the mechanisms by which cruciferous glucosinolate derivatives (isothiocyanates and indoles) directly and indirectly regulate these pathways. However, the review places a special focus on the knowledge of the effects of glucosinolates derivatives in metabolic syndrome, since this has not been reviewed before.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Esteve
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Amare DE, Bovee TF, Mulder PP, Hamers A, Hoogenboom RL. Acid condensation products of indole-3-carbinol and their in-vitro (anti)estrogenic, (anti)androgenic and aryl hydrocarbon receptor activities. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Akella M, Malla R. Molecular modeling and in vitro study on pyrocatechol as potential pharmacophore of CD151 inhibitor. J Mol Graph Model 2020; 100:107681. [PMID: 32738620 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2020.107681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
CD151 has been recognized as a prognostic marker, the therapeutic target of breast cancers, but less explored for small molecule inhibitors due to lack of a validated model. The 3-D structure of CD151 large extracellular loop (LEL) was modeled using the LOMETS server and validated by the Ramachandran plot. The validated structure was employed for molecular docking and structure-based pharmacophore analysis. Druglikeness was evaluated by the ADMET description protocol. Antiproliferative activity was evaluated by MTT, BrdU incorporation, flow cytometry, and cell death ELISAPLUS assay. This study predicted the best model for CD151-LEL with 94.1% residues in favored regions and Z score -2.79 kcal/mol using the threading method. The web-based receptor cavity method identified one functional target site, which was suitable for the binding of aromatic and heterocyclic compounds. Molecular docking study identified pyrocatechol (PCL) and 5-fluorouracil (FU) as potential leads of CD151-LEL. The pharmacophore model identified interaction points of modeled CD151-LEL with PCL and FU. Also, the analysis of ADMET properties revealed the drug-likeness of PCL and FU. The viability of MDA-MB 231 cells was significantly reduced with PCL and FU but less affected MCF-12A, normal healthy breast epithelial cell line. With 50% toxic concentration, both PCL and FU significantly inhibited 82.46 and 87.12% proliferation, respectively, of MDA-MB 231 cells by altering morphology and inducing G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. In addition, PCL and FU inhibited the CD151 expression by 4.5-and 4.8-folds, respectively. This study suggests the further assessment of pyrocatechol as a potential lead of CD151 in breast cancer at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasa Akella
- Cancer Biology Lab, Dept. of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, Institute of Science, GITAM (Deemed to Be University), Visakhapatnam, 530045, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - RamaRao Malla
- Cancer Biology Lab, Dept. of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, Institute of Science, GITAM (Deemed to Be University), Visakhapatnam, 530045, Andhra Pradesh, India.
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Understanding the Mechanisms of Diet and Outcomes in Colon, Prostate, and Breast Cancer; Malignant Gliomas; and Cancer Patients on Immunotherapy. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082226. [PMID: 32722632 PMCID: PMC7468768 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer patients often ask which foods would be best to consume to improve outcomes. This is a difficult question to answer as there are no case-controlled, prospective studies that control for confounding factors. Therefore, a literature review utilizing PubMed was conducted with the goal to find evidence-based support for certain diets in specific cancer patients—specifically, we reviewed data for colon cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer, malignant gliomas, and cancer patients on immunotherapy. Improved outcomes in colon cancer and patients on immunotherapy were found with high-fiber diets. Improved outcomes in malignant gliomas were found with ketogenic diets. Improved outcomes in prostate cancer and breast cancer were found with plant-based diets. However, the data are not conclusive for breast cancer. Additionally, the increased intake of omega-3 fatty acids were also associated with better outcomes for prostate cancer. While current research, especially in humans, is minimal, the studies discussed in this review provide the groundwork for future research to further investigate the role of dietary intervention in improving cancer outcomes.
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Modulatory Effect of Indoles on the Expression of miRNAs Regulating G1/S Cell Cycle Phase in Breast Cancer Cells. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 192:1208-1223. [PMID: 32710170 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03378-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) is a naturally occurring glucosinolate found in Brassica vegetables that is usually converted in gastric acidic environment to the efficient metabolite 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM). Both indoles (I3C and DIM) are known chemopreventive agents for various cancers including breast cancer. This study aimed to investigate the influence of both indoles on the tumor suppressor miRNAs (let-7a-e, miR-15a, miR-16, miR-17-5p, miR-19a, and miR-20a) and oncomiRs (miR-181a, miR-181b, miR-210, miR-221, and miR-106a), which are controlling the cell cycle key regulators: cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), CDK inhibitor p27Kip1, and cyclin D1. Our results indicated that both indoles generally elevated the expression of the tumor suppressor miRNAs let-7a-e, miR-19a, miR-17-5p, and miR-20a and decreased the expression of the oncomiR list. Both indoles were able to significantly suppress the expression of CDK4 and CDK6 as well as the apoptotic markers Bcl-2 and survivin. Both indoles decreased cyclin-D1 protein, where I3C decreased cytoplasmic and nuclear cyclin-D1 significantly. Cytoplasmic and nuclear P27Kip1 showed overexpression following treatment with I3C higher than that detected following DIM treatment. This study provides a mechanistic elucidation of the previously reported cell cycle arrest by I3C and DIM in breast cancer cells suggesting that this effect could be through modulation of miRNAs expression that, in turn, regulates the genetic network controlling the G1/S phase in cell cycle progression.
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Chemopreventive Agent 3,3'-Diindolylmethane Inhibits MDM2 in Colorectal Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134642. [PMID: 32629830 PMCID: PMC7370074 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
3,3′-Diindolylmethane (DIM) is a naturally derived chemopreventive compound. It comes from glucobrassicin, an indole glucosinolate enriched in cruciferous vegetables, and is formed in the acidic environment of the stomach after ingestion. Mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2) is an important, multi-functional oncogenic protein and it has been well recognized for its negative regulation of the tumor suppressor protein p53. We discovered a novel mechanism of action of DIM, that it directly inhibits MDM2 in multiple colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines. Treatment with DIM decreased MDM2 at messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels, inhibited cancer cell proliferation, and induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. DIM-induced decrease of MDM2 is p53-independent and is partly mediated by proteasome degradation of MDM2, as blocking of the proteasome activity reversed MDM2 protein inhibition. Overexpression of MDM2 blocked DIM’s effects in growth suppression and apoptosis induction. When combined with imidazoline MDM2 inhibitors (Nutlin-3a and Idasanutlin/RG-7388), synergism was observed in cancer cell growth inhibition. In summary, our data support a new mechanism of action for DIM in direct inhibition of MDM2. The identification of MDM2 as a novel DIM target may help develop a new strategy in CRC prevention.
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Ball S, Arevalo M, Juarez E, Payne JD, Jones C. Breast cancer chemoprevention: An update on current practice and opportunities for primary care physicians. Prev Med 2019; 129:105834. [PMID: 31494144 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.105834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Several risk assessment models have been validated for the estimation of risk of breast cancer in women. Chemoprevention through hormonal therapy is an effective way to reduce the incidence of breast cancer in women with high risk. Selective estrogen receptor modulators, tamoxifen and raloxifene, are approved for this indication by the United States Food and Drug Administration, and aromatase inhibitors have also shown promise in recent studies. These medications are generally well tolerated, except for reported increased rates of fractures and venous thromboembolic events. Despite strong recommendations from several regulatory bodies, advocacy for chemoprevention has been inadequate in practice, more so among the primary care physicians. Studies have identified several barriers in physicians, patients, and the system, contributing to this problem. Lack of knowledge about risk assessment models and chemoprevention options preclude physicians from prescribing these medications with confidence. Fear of potential adverse events, confusion regarding the purpose of the therapy, and need for continued adherence for five years are among the principal reasons for reduced chemoprevention uptake and early discontinuation among patients. Multifaceted interventions directed at education and training of health care professionals, proper counseling of women at high risk, and promotion of the development of improved medications might help ensure better chemoprevention uptake in the target population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somedeb Ball
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.
| | - Meily Arevalo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Edna Juarez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Memorial Medical Center, Las Cruces, NM, USA
| | - J Drew Payne
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Catherine Jones
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
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Du H, Zhang X, Zeng Y, Huang X, Chen H, Wang S, Wu J, Li Q, Zhu W, Li H, Liu T, Yu Q, Wu Y, Jie L. A Novel Phytochemical, DIM, Inhibits Proliferation, Migration, Invasion and TNF-α Induced Inflammatory Cytokine Production of Synovial Fibroblasts From Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients by Targeting MAPK and AKT/mTOR Signal Pathway. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1620. [PMID: 31396207 PMCID: PMC6663984 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In rheumatoid arthritis(RA) pathogenesis, activated RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RA-FLSs) exhibit similar proliferative features as tumor cells and subsequent erosion to cartilage will eventually lead to joint destruction. Therefore, it is imperative to search for compounds, which can effectively inhibit the abnormal activation of RA-FLSs, and retard RA progression.3′3-Diindolylmethane (DIM), the major product of the acid-catalyzed oligomerization of indole-3-carbinol from cruciferous vegetables, has been reported to be functionally relevant to inhibition of migration, invasion and carcinogenesis in some solid tumors. In this study, we explored the anti-proliferation, anti-metastasis and anti-inflammation effects of DIM on RA-FLSs as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms. To do this, primary RA-FLSs were isolated from RA patients and an animal model. Cell proliferation, migration and invasion were measured using CCK-8, scratch, and Transwell assays, respectively. The effects of DIM on Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and some inflammatory factors mRNA and key molecules such as some inflammatory factors and those involved in aberrantly-activated signaling pathway in response to tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α), a typical characteristic mediator in RA-FLS, were quantitatively measured by real-time PCR and western blotting. Moreover, the effect of DIM on adjuvant induced arthritis(AIA) models was evaluated with C57BL/6 mice in vivo. The results showed that DIM inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion of RA-FLS in vitro. Meanwhile, DIM dramatically suppressed TNF-α–induced increases in the mRNA levels of MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-8, and MMP-9; as well as the proinflammatory factors IL-6, IL-8, and IL-1β. Mechanistic studies revealed that DIM is able to suppress phosphorylated activation not only of p38, JNK in MAPK pathway but of AKT, mTOR and downstream molecules in the AKT/mTOR pathway. Moreover, DIM treatment decreased expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the serum and alleviated arthritis severity in the knee joints of AIA mice. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that DIM could inhibit proliferation, migration and invasion of RA-FLSs and reduce proinflammatory factors induced by TNF-α in vitro by blocking MAPK and AKT/mTOR pathway and prevent inflammation and knee joint destruction in vivo, which suggests that DIM might have therapeutic potential for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Du
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongchang Zeng
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Huang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Chen
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suihai Wang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Toxicology, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Li
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tiancai Liu
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinghong Yu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingsong Wu
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ligang Jie
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Lee J. 3,3′-Diindolylmethane Inhibits TNF-α- and TGF-β-Induced Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition in Breast Cancer Cells. Nutr Cancer 2019; 71:992-1006. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2019.1577979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joomin Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
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