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Zhang Y, Zhao L, Jia Y, Zhang X, Han Y, Lu P, Yuan H. Mediation Mendelian randomisation study on the effects of shift work on coronary heart disease and traditional risk factors via gut microbiota. J Glob Health 2024; 14:04110. [PMID: 38803204 PMCID: PMC11130565 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.14.04110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiological evidence suggests that there is an increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) related to jobs involving shift work (JSW), but the causality of and mechanism underlying such a relationship remain unclear. Therefore, we aimed to explore the relationship between JSW and CHD, investigating both causality and potential mediating factors. Methods We performed univariate, multivariate, and mediation Mendelian randomisation (MR) analyses using data from large genome-wide association studies focussed on JSW and CHD, as well as data on some CHD risk factors (type 2 diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and lipids measurement) and 196 gut microbiota taxa. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms significantly associated with JSW acted as instrument variables. We used inverse-variance weighting as the primary method of analysis. Results Bidirectional MR analysis indicated a robust effect of JSW on increased CHD risk; however, the existence of CHD did not affect the choice of JSW. We identified a mediating effects of type 2 diabetes and hypertension in this relationship, accounting for 11.89% and 14.80% of the total effect of JSW on CHD, respectively. JSW were also causally associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes and hypertension and had an effect on nine microbial taxa. The mediating influence of the Eubacterium brachy group at the genus level explained 16.64% of the total effect of JSW on hypertension. We found limited evidence for the causal effect of JSW on obesity and lipids measurements. Conclusions Our findings suggest a causal effect of JSW on CHD, diabetes, and hypertension. We also found evidence for a significant connection between JSW and alterations in the gut microbiota. Considering that certain microbial taxa mediated the effect of JSW on hypertension risk, targeting gut microbiota through therapeutics could potentially mitigate high risks of hypertension and CHD associated with JSW.
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Hermansen Å. An occupational mechanical job exposure index based on five Norwegian nationwide surveys of living conditions on work environment. BMC Res Notes 2024; 17:93. [PMID: 38549178 PMCID: PMC10979558 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-024-06747-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Nordic register data are not collected for research purposes, and various dimensions of working conditions are typically missing in register-based research. One way to address the issue of missing information on the work environment in register data is to utilize a job exposure matrix (JEM). The purpose of this paper is to document and provide access to a Mechanical Job Exposure Matrix (JEM) and a validated Occupational Mechanical Job Exposure Index based on the constructed JEM, allowing researchers to utilize the index in register-based research. The JEM and the Occupational Mechanical Job Exposure Index were created using data from five nationwide Surveys of Living Conditions on work environment conducted in Norway in 2006, 2009, 2013, 2016, and 2019, encompassing a total of 43,977 respondents. The index can be merged to register data using occupational codes (STYRK-98) and gender, which is information collected by the registries. The ultimate aim of constructing the index was to create a comprehensive measure of mechanical job exposures for use in future analyses of Norwegian register data. DATA DESCRIPTION This paper provides the scripts documenting the construction of the Mechanical Job Exposure Matrix (JEM) and the Occupational Mechanical Job Exposure Index, as well as a data file including the matrix and the index. A script for merging the matrix and index to register data is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åsmund Hermansen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work, Child Welfare and Social Policy, OsloMet- Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway.
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Du K, Zhang CY, Li A, Hu JZ, Guo R, Li SM. Causality of occupational exposure on rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis: a two-sample mendelian randomization study. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1223810. [PMID: 37849761 PMCID: PMC10577282 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1223810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to explore the potential causal link between three specific types of occupational exposure on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Method A Two-sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR) analysis, comprising univariate MR (UVMR) and multivariate MR (MVMR) analyses, was performed to investigate the potential causal association between three types of occupational exposures, jobs involving mainly walking or standing (JWS), jobs involving heavy manual or physical work (JMP), and jobs involving shift work(JSW) on RA and AS. Genetic variants for genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of occupational exposure and AS were obtained from the UK Biobank. GWAS summary data for RA were obtained from FinnGen Biobank analysis. For UVMR, six methods of Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, Weighted Mode, Weighted Median, Simple Mode, MR pleiotropy residual sum, and outlier (MR-PRESSO) were used for the analysis. The MVMR was analyzed using the IVW model as well as the MR-Egger model. Results The UVMR suggested no causal relationship between the three occupational exposure and RA [IVW: P=0.59,0.21,0.63] or AS [IVW: P=0.43,0.57,0.04], as did the bidirectional MR [IVW: P=0.73,0.70,0.16], [IVW: P=0.65,0.68,0.74]. Although unadjusted MVMR suggested a causal relationship between JMP and AS [IVW: OR = 1.01, 95% CI = 1.00- 1.02, p = 0.02], the adjusted MVMR denied this relationship and concluded that there was no causal relationship between the other occupational exposure and either RA or AS. Conclusion Our MR analysis did not establish a direct causal relationship between certain occupational exposures and either RA or AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Du
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chen-Yu Zhang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ao Li
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Ze Hu
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Ren Guo
- Department of Pain Medicine, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-Ming Li
- Department of Pain Medicine, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Gan YH, Deng YT, Yang L, Zhang W, Kuo K, Zhang YR, He XY, Huang SY, Wu BS, Guo Y, Zhang Y, Dong Q, Feng JF, Cheng W, Yu JT. Occupational characteristics and incident anxiety and depression: A prospective cohort study of 206,790 participants. J Affect Disord 2023; 329:149-156. [PMID: 36841310 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to analyze the impact of a wide spectrum of occupational characteristics on the incidence of anxiety and depression, and to determine the features affecting adaptation to specific characteristics. METHODS Participants in paid employment or self-employed at baseline in UKB were included, with occupational characteristics extracted from O*NET. Cox-proportional-hazard models were conducted in the main analyses and subgroup analyses. RESULTS Direct work with the public and exposure to disease/infections were first time demonstrated to be risk factors for both anxiety and depression, along with occupations involving more physical activities and dealing with unpleasant/physically aggressive people. Protective factors for both: time spent sitting, communication, decision making, creativity and reasoning, and responsibility in work. Protective factors for anxiety only: Coordinating/leading, fluency of ideas, originality, problem sensitivity, decision latitude, and time pressure. Risk factor for depression only: Exposure to contaminants. Females were found more sensitive to dealing with unpleasant/physically aggressive people. The impact of exposure to disease/infections was more significant among those with lower education levels. Those with BMI over 24 were more sensitive to the risk factors. LIMITATIONS The short-term effect of the above exposures remained unclear. The scores of occupational characteristics were based on self-reported questionnaires. There was the potential for undiagnosed anxiety or depression events. The participants included only those aged from 40 to 69. Participants included in this cohort were mainly White British. CONCLUSIONS Our findings advocate closer monitoring of the mental health of workers with risk work-related factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Han Gan
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue-Ting Deng
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kevin Kuo
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Ru Zhang
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Yu He
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Yi Huang
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bang-Sheng Wu
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Feng Feng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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van den Berge BA, Wiberg A, Werker PMN, Broekstra DC, Furniss D. Dupuytren's disease is a work-related disorder: results of a population-based cohort study. Occup Environ Med 2023; 80:137-145. [PMID: 36635095 PMCID: PMC9985760 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2022-108670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dupuytren's disease (DD) is a fibroproliferative disorder of the hands, characterised by the development of fibrous nodules and cords that may cause disabling contractures of the fingers. The role of manual work exposure in the aetiology of DD is controversial. We investigated whether current occupational exposure to manual work is associated with DD, and if there is a dose-response relationship. METHODS In this population-based cohort analysis, we used data from the UK Biobank cohort. Our primary outcome was the presence of DD. The exposure of interest was manual work, measured for each participant in two different ways to allow two independent analyses to be undertaken: (1) the current manual work status of the occupation at the time of recruitment, and (2) a cumulative manual work exposure score, calculated based on the occupational history. We performed propensity score matching and applied a logistic regression model. RESULTS We included 196 265 participants for the current manual work analysis, and 96 563 participants for the dose-response analysis. Participants whose current occupation usually/always involved manual work were more often affected with DD than participants whose occupation sometimes/never involved manual work (OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.49, p<0.001). There was a positive dose-response relationship between cumulative manual work exposure score and DD. Each increment in cumulative work exposure score increased the odds by 17% (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.27, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Manual work exposure is a risk factor for DD, with a clear dose-response relationship. Physicians treating patients should recognise DD as a work-related disorder and inform patients accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bente A van den Berge
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Akira Wiberg
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, The Botnar Research Centre, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul M N Werker
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dieuwke C Broekstra
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, The Botnar Research Centre, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Dominic Furniss
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, The Botnar Research Centre, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
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Yanik EL, Keener JD, Stevens MJ, Walker-Bone KE, Dale AM, Ma Y, Colditz GA, Wright RW, Saccone NL, Jain NB, Evanoff BA. Occupational demands associated with rotator cuff disease surgery in the UK Biobank. Scand J Work Environ Health 2023; 49:53-63. [PMID: 36228192 PMCID: PMC10549913 DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.4062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Physically-demanding occupations may increase rotator cuff disease (RCD) risk and need for surgery. We linked a job-exposure matrix (JEM) to the UK Biobank cohort study to measure physical occupational exposures and estimate associations with RCD surgery. METHODS Jobs and UK Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) codes were recorded during the UK Biobank verbal interview. Lifetime job histories were captured through a web-based survey. UK SOC codes were linked to a JEM based on the US O*NET database. O*NET-based scores [static strength, dynamic strength, general physical activities, handling/moving objects (range=1-7), time spent using hands, whole body vibration, and cramped/awkward positions (range=1-5)] were assigned to jobs. RCD surgeries were identified through linked national hospital inpatient records. Multivariable Cox regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) as estimates of associations with RCD surgery. Among those with lifetime job histories, associations were estimated for duration of time with greatest exposure (top quartile of exposure). RESULTS Of 277 808 people reporting jobs, 1997 (0.7%) had an inpatient RCD surgery. After adjusting for age, sex, race, education, area deprivation, and body mass index, all O*NET variables considered were associated with RCD surgery (HR per point increase range=1.10-1.45, all P<0.005). A total of 100 929 people reported lifetime job histories, in which greater exposures were significantly associated with RCD surgery after >10 years of work (eg, HR for 11-20 versus 0 years with static strength score ≥4 = 2.06, 95% confidence interval 1.39-3.04). CONCLUSIONS Workplace physical demands are an important risk factor for RCD surgery, particularly for workers with more than a decade of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth L Yanik
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Campus Box 8233, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Hermansen Å, Dahl E. Constructing and validating an Occupational Mechanical Job Exposure Index based on five Norwegian nationwide Surveys of Living Conditions on work environment. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2028. [DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14460-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The overall aim of this study was to examine essential aspects of reliability and validity of a constructed Occupational Mechanical Job Exposure Index for use in analyses of Norwegian register data.
Methods
We utilized data from the Norwegian nationwide Survey of Living Conditions on work environment in 2006, 2009, 2013, 2016 and 2019. Occupations were classified on a 4-digit level based on the Norwegian version of the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO-88). We constructed a 4-digit correspondence table between the occupational codes used in the 2006 and 2009 surveys (STYRK-98) and the codes used in 2013, 2016 and 2019 (STYRK-08). The mechanical exposures were collected by Statistics Norway using telephone interviews. As for reliability, we examined the agreement between the individual- and the occupational-based mechanical exposures using Cohen’s kappa, sensitivity and specificity measures. Construct, concurrent and predictive validity pertaining to the Occupational Mechanical Job Exposure Index were analysed using both survey data and nationwide register data.
Results
The analysis shows a fair-to-moderate overlap between occupational-based mechanical exposures and the individually reported exposures. Construct validity of the Occupational Mechanical Job Exposure Index, as estimated by a confirmatory factor analysis using the occupational-based mechanical exposures, showed that the 8 exposures formed one underlying factor. When assessing the concurrent value of the Occupational Mechanical Job Exposure Index to the index based on the individual reported exposures, the occupational mechanical index showed lower and reproducible associations with lower back pain for both men and women. For long-term sick leave, the occupational mechanical index showed higher and reproducible associations for both genders. As for predictive validity, the register data analysis shows that the occupational mechanical index was associated with disability and a higher number of long-term sickness benefits periods for both men and women. For men the index also predicted higher mortality.
Conclusion
Our tests of reliability and validity of the Occupational Mechanical Job Exposure Index indicate that the index overall has acceptable statistical properties and will be useful in analyses of Norwegian register data where individual information on these types of exposures is missing.
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Yanik EL, Evanoff BA, Dale AM, Ma Y, Walker-Bone KE. Occupational characteristics associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in the UK Biobank during August-November 2020: a cohort study. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1884. [PMID: 36217157 PMCID: PMC9549452 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14311-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occupational exposures may play a key role in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection risk. We used a job-exposure matrix linked to the UK Biobank to measure occupational characteristics and estimate associations with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test. METHODS People reporting job titles at their baseline interview in England who were < 65 years of age in 2020 were included. Healthcare workers were excluded because of differential access to testing. Jobs were linked to the US Occupational Information Network (O*NET) job exposure matrix. O*NET-based scores were examined for occupational physical proximity, exposure to diseases/infection, working outdoors exposed to weather, and working outdoors under cover (score range = 1-5). Jobs were classified as remote work using two algorithms. SARS-CoV-2 test results were evaluated between August 5th-November 10th, 2020, when the UK was released from lockdown. Cox regression was used to calculate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs), accounting for age, sex, race, education, neighborhood deprivation, assessment center, household size, and income. RESULTS We included 115,451 people with job titles, of whom 1746 tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. A one-point increase in physical proximity score was associated with 1.14 times higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 (95%CI = 1.05-1.24). A one-point increase in the exposure to diseases/infections score was associated with 1.09 times higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 (95%CI = 1.02-1.16). People reporting jobs that could not be done remotely had higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 regardless of the classification algorithm used (aHRs = 1.17 and 1.20). Outdoors work showed an association with SARS-CoV-2 (exposed to weather aHR = 1.06, 95%CI = 1.01-1.11; under cover aHR = 1.08, 95%CI = 1.00-1.17), but these associations were not significant after accounting for whether work could be done remotely. CONCLUSION People in occupations that were not amenable to remote work, required closer physical proximity, and required more general exposure to diseases/infection had higher risk of a positive SARS-CoV-2 test. These findings provide additional evidence that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an occupational disease, even outside of the healthcare setting, and indicate that strategies for mitigating transmission in in-person work settings will remain important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth L Yanik
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Campus Box 8233, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA. .,Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Bradley A Evanoff
- Division of General Medical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ann Marie Dale
- Division of General Medical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yinjiao Ma
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Karen E Walker-Bone
- Monash Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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