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Read TA, Cisterna BA, Skruber K, Ahmadieh S, Liu TM, Vitriol JA, Shi Y, Black JB, Butler MT, Lindamood HL, Lefebvre AE, Cherezova A, Ilatovskaya DV, Bear JE, Weintraub NL, Vitriol EA. The actin binding protein profilin 1 localizes inside mitochondria and is critical for their function. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:3240-3262. [PMID: 39026010 PMCID: PMC11316047 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00209-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The monomer-binding protein profilin 1 (PFN1) plays a crucial role in actin polymerization. However, mutations in PFN1 are also linked to hereditary amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, resulting in a broad range of cellular pathologies which cannot be explained by its primary function as a cytosolic actin assembly factor. This implies that there are important, undiscovered roles for PFN1 in cellular physiology. Here we screened knockout cells for novel phenotypes associated with PFN1 loss of function and discovered that mitophagy was significantly upregulated. Indeed, despite successful autophagosome formation, fusion with the lysosome, and activation of additional mitochondrial quality control pathways, PFN1 knockout cells accumulate depolarized, dysmorphic mitochondria with altered metabolic properties. Surprisingly, we also discovered that PFN1 is present inside mitochondria and provide evidence that mitochondrial defects associated with PFN1 loss are not caused by reduced actin polymerization in the cytosol. These findings suggest a previously unrecognized role for PFN1 in maintaining mitochondrial integrity and highlight new pathogenic mechanisms that can result from PFN1 dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy-Ann Read
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
| | - Bruno A Cisterna
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Kristen Skruber
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Samah Ahmadieh
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Tatiana M Liu
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Josefine A Vitriol
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Yang Shi
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Joseph B Black
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mitchell T Butler
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Halli L Lindamood
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | | | - Alena Cherezova
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Daria V Ilatovskaya
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - James E Bear
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Neal L Weintraub
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Eric A Vitriol
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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Read TA, Cisterna BA, Skruber K, Ahmadieh S, Lindamood HL, Vitriol JA, Shi Y, Lefebvre AE, Black JB, Butler MT, Bear JE, Cherezova A, Ilatovskaya DV, Weintraub NL, Vitriol EA. The actin binding protein profilin 1 is critical for mitochondria function. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.07.552354. [PMID: 37609280 PMCID: PMC10441311 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.07.552354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Profilin 1 (PFN1) is an actin binding protein that is vital for the polymerization of monomeric actin into filaments. Here we screened knockout cells for novel functions of PFN1 and discovered that mitophagy, a type of selective autophagy that removes defective or damaged mitochondria from the cell, was significantly upregulated in the absence of PFN1. Despite successful autophagosome formation and fusion with the lysosome, and activation of additional mitochondrial quality control pathways, PFN1 knockout cells still accumulate damaged, dysfunctional mitochondria. Subsequent imaging and functional assays showed that loss of PFN1 significantly affects mitochondria morphology, dynamics, and respiration. Further experiments revealed that PFN1 is located to the mitochondria matrix and is likely regulating mitochondria function from within rather than through polymerizing actin at the mitochondria surface. Finally, PFN1 mutants associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) fail to rescue PFN1 knockout mitochondrial phenotypes and form aggregates within mitochondria, further perturbing them. Together, these results suggest a novel function for PFN1 in regulating mitochondria and identify a potential pathogenic mechanism of ALS-linked PFN1 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy-Ann Read
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Bruno A. Cisterna
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Kristen Skruber
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Samah Ahmadieh
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Halli L. Lindamood
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Josefine A. Vitriol
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Yang Shi
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | | | - Joseph B. Black
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mitchell T. Butler
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - James E. Bear
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alena Cherezova
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Daria V. Ilatovskaya
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Neil L. Weintraub
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Eric A. Vitriol
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
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Abstract
Viral infection converts the normal functions of a cell to optimize viral replication and virion production. One striking observation of this conversion is the reconfiguration and reorganization of cellular actin, affecting every stage of the viral life cycle, from entry through assembly to egress. The extent and degree of cytoskeletal reorganization varies among different viral infections, suggesting the evolution of myriad viral strategies. In this Review, we describe how the interaction of viral proteins with the cell modulates the structure and function of the actin cytoskeleton to initiate, sustain and spread infections. The molecular biology of such interactions continues to engage virologists in their quest to understand viral replication and informs cell biologists about the role of the cytoskeleton in the uninfected cell.
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PACKER L. SIZE AND SHAPE TRANSFORMATIONS CORRELATED WITH OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION IN MITOCHONDRIA. II. STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN MITOCHONDRIAL MEMBRANE FRAGMENTS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996; 18:495-501. [PMID: 14064104 PMCID: PMC2106317 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.18.3.495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that the nature of the physical change in mitochondrial membrane fragments associated with the action of the respiratory enzymes is likely one of shape or symmetry rather than size. The findings suggest that in the state of decreased scattering the macromolecules may be present in an extended physical state. Conditions favorable for phosphorylation may give rise to a folding or contraction of the molecular complex to a more symmetrical structure. Since earlier studies have shown that there is a compulsory relationship between the integrity of systems operative in oxidative phosphorylation and scattering changes, experiments of this type may lead to values for the minimal size of a phosphorylating unit, which at present is estimated to be 2.1 x 106 from light-scattering studies.
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Meloan SN, Puchtler H. Mallory bodies: lesions of hepatocytes containing proteins of the keratin-myosin-epidermin group. HISTOCHEMISTRY 1982; 75:445-60. [PMID: 6184336 DOI: 10.1007/bf00640597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Mallory's alcoholic hyalin in hepatocytes was found also in other diseases and is now referred to as Mallory bodies. Data concerning their histochemical, immuno and electron microscopic properties are partly contradictory. In this study, early stages of Mallory bodies reacted strongly with configurational technics for myosins; affinity tended to decrease when material with the properties of keratohyalin and the matrix of stratum corneum was formed. Thus, many Mallory bodies contained histochemically distinct myoid and keratin-like proteins. Electron microscopists demonstrated thick and thin filaments resembling contractile systems in Mallory bodies; the failure of immunologists to visualize actomyosin may be due to the heterogeneity of these proteins. The currently popular term prekeratin has been applied to a variety of substances extracted from epidermis, hoof and hair under different conditions. The prekeratin of recent immunofluorescence studies seems to contain mainly epidermin and low molecular matrix proteins; both were studied extensively by chemists. Epithelial filaments, including tonofibrils and contractile fibrils regarded as a subgroup of myofibrils, were well known half a century ago, but were banished by electron microscopy. Observations in this study and data on epidermal actomyosin indicate that different proteins of the k-m-e-f group can indeed coexist in epithelial cells. The formation and resolution of Mallory bodies can be regarded as an example of the well known shifts of epithelial cells between secretory and keratinizing states.
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Abstract
The existence of an actin-like protein in human red-cell membranes has been confirmed. The protein was extracted from acetone-treated ghosts and purified by (NH4)2SO4 fractionation. The protein undergoes G-F transformation and forms filaments in the presence of 0.1 M KCl. The filaments can be "decorated" by muscle heavy meromyosin. The protein has the same molecular weight as muscle actin and interacts with muscle myosin. All these properties show that the protein closely resembles muscle actin.
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Waldrop FS, Puchtler H, Palmer GR. Light microscopic demonstration of myoid material in nuclei. HISTOCHEMISTRY 1976; 46:237-43. [PMID: 55409 DOI: 10.1007/bf02462787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During the development of configurational staining methods for proteins of the myosin-fibrin group, nuclei showed staining properties similar to those of myofibrils. This dye binding could be attributed to nuclear alpha-helical proteins. More recent chemical and electron microscopic studies demonstrated actomyosins in nuclei of various species. Possible roles of nuclear actomyosin in chromosome movements and condensation and in cell proliferation have been suggested. It seems therefore permissible to assume that the tannic acid-phosphomolybdic acid (TP)-Levanol Fast Cyanine 5RN method and similar technics visualize myosin in nuclei. Comparative studies of actomyosins from various sites indicated significant chemical an histochemical differences. It is therefore suggested that, in analogy to the different classes of collagens, there may be several subgroups of myosin which differ in their physico-chemical properties and sensitivity to fixation procedures and pathological conditions.
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Puchtler H, Waldrop FS, Meloan SN, Branch BW. Myoid fibrils in epithelial cells: studies of intestine, biliary and pancreatic pathways, trachea, bronchi, and testis. HISTOCHEMISTRY 1975; 44:105-18. [PMID: 49341 DOI: 10.1007/bf00494071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic filaments have been studied extensively by electron microscopy, but the histochemical nature of such fibrils in non-keratinizing epithelia has not been systematically investigated. During studies of early arterial lesions we observed structures with the staining properties of myosins in epithelial cells of various organs. The configurational staining, polarization and fluorescence microscopic properties of these myoid structures were compared with those of myofibrils in smooth muscle and classical myoepithelial cells. The following structures showed the characteristics of myofibrils: the terminal web in columnar epithelial cells of intestine, trachea, bronchi, bile ducts, pancreatic ducts and ductus epididymidis, the pericanalicular layer of bile and pancreatic canaliculi, fibers in the caudal tube of spermatids and the flagella of spermatozoa. Cilia, e.g. of respiratory epithelium, tonofibrils in squamous epithelium and nerve axons did not react. These studies indicate significant histochemical differences between cytoplasmic filaments. Different types of intracellular fibrils can be found in the same cell, e.g. in respiratory epithelium.
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Arcos JC. Ultrastructural alteration of the mitochondrial electron transport chain involving electron leak: possible basis of "respiratory impairment" in certain tumors. J Theor Biol 1971; 30:533-43. [PMID: 5575766 DOI: 10.1016/0022-5193(71)90006-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Mechanisms and coordination of cellular locomotion. ADVANCES IN COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 1971; 4:37-111. [PMID: 4944729 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-011504-4.50008-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Berl S, Puszkin S. Mg2+ -Ca2+ -activated adenosine triphosphatase system isolated from mammalian brain. Biochemistry 1970; 9:2058-67. [PMID: 4245870 DOI: 10.1021/bi00812a005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Bartley W, Dean B, Ferdinand W. Maintenance of mitochondrial volume and the effects of phosphate and ATP in producing swelling and shrinking. J Theor Biol 1969; 24:192-202. [PMID: 5347446 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5193(69)80045-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Bemis JA, Bryant GM, Arcos JC, Argus MF. Swelling and contraction of mitochondrial particles: a re-examination of the existence of a contractile protein extractable with 0.6 M-potassium chloride. J Mol Biol 1968; 33:299-307. [PMID: 4967205 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(68)90295-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Die Orthologie und Pathologie der Zelle im elektronenmikroskopischen Bild. STOFFWECHSEL UND FEINSTRUKTUR DER ZELLE I 1968. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-88276-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Arcos JC, Stacey RE, Mathison JB, Argus MF. Kinetic parameters of mitochondrial swelling. Effect of animal age. Tissue distribution of the mitochondrial "contractile protein". Exp Cell Res 1967; 48:448-60. [PMID: 6082322 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(67)90368-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Maeda J, Bartlett P. Effects of the potent nephrotogenic aminonucleoside of puromycin on mitochondrial mechanochemistry. Biochem Pharmacol 1967; 16:761-8. [PMID: 6036727 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(67)90048-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Hatano S, Oosawa F. Isolation and characterization of plasmodium actin. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1966; 127:488-98. [PMID: 6007360 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(66)90402-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Hatano S, Oosawa F. Extraction of an actin-like protein from the plasmodium of a myxomycete and its interaction with myosin A from rabbit striated muscle. J Cell Physiol 1966; 68:197-202. [PMID: 6007202 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.1040680214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Parsons DF, Williams GR, Chance B. Characteristics of isolated and purified preparations of the outer and inner membranes of mitochondria. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1966; 137:643-66. [PMID: 4290884 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1966.tb50188.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Azzi A, Azzone GF. Swelling and shrinkage phenomena in liver mitochondria. I. Large amplitude swelling induced by inorganic phosphate and by ATP. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1965; 105:253-64. [PMID: 5849818 DOI: 10.1016/s0926-6593(65)80150-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Uchida K, Mommaerts WF, Meretsky D. Myosin in association with preparations of sarcotubular vesicles from muscle. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1965; 104:287-9. [PMID: 5840407 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(65)90248-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Baltscheffsky H, Baltscheffsky M. Inhibition of mitochondrial contraction by a soluble muscular relaxing factor-preparation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1964; 17:220-4. [PMID: 5893346 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(64)90387-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Vignais PV, Vignais PM, Lehninger AL. A Heat-stable Factor Required for Contraction of Pretreated Mitochondria. J Biol Chem 1964. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)91297-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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VIGNAIS PV, VIGNAIS PM, ROSSI CS, LEHNINGER AL. Restoration of ATP-induced contraction of pre-treated mitochondria by “contractile protein”. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1963; 11:307-12. [PMID: 13997158 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(63)90562-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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GREEN DE, FLEISCHER S. The role of lipids in mitochondrial electron transfer and oxidative phosphorylation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1963; 70:554-82. [PMID: 14085940 DOI: 10.1016/0006-3002(63)90793-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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