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Wennberg E, Lasry A, Windle SB, Filion KB, Thombs BD, Gore G, Fischer B, Eisenberg MJ. Non-medical cannabis use among Indigenous Canadians: A systematic review of prevalence and associated factors. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2020; 90:103081. [PMID: 33360735 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2020.103081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indigenous Canadians may be at an increased risk of non-medical cannabis use. The aim of this review was to synthesize the prevalence of non-medical cannabis use and its associated factors among Indigenous Canadians. METHODS We systematically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus from inception to January 29th, 2020 for publications reporting the prevalence of non-medical cannabis use among Indigenous Canadians. We included studies published in English after January 1st, 2000. Included publications were hand-searched for potentially relevant peer-reviewed and gray literature publications. Results were synthesized descriptively. RESULTS We identified 16 peer-reviewed and 7 gray literature publications which met our inclusion criteria. All data were collected prior to cannabis legalization in Canada (October 17th, 2018). The most recent estimates of prevalence of use in the past year were 27% among on-reserve First Nations adults, 50% among off-reserve First Nations adults, and 60% among Nunavik Inuit. In youth, they were 45% among all Indigenous youth grades 9-12, 27% among on-reserve First Nations youth aged 12-17, and 69% in Nunavik Inuit aged 16-22. Direct comparisons indicated a 1.2-15 times higher prevalence of use in Indigenous compared to non-Indigenous youth. Factors associated with cannabis use in adults included younger age and male sex. In youth, factors included older age, poorer mental and physical health, and a poorer relationship with school. CONCLUSION Results suggest that Indigenous Canadians are at a higher risk for non-medical cannabis use than the general Canadian population. Further research is warranted to inform the development of targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Wennberg
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital/McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ariane Lasry
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital/McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sarah B Windle
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital/McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kristian B Filion
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital/McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Brett D Thombs
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital/McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Genevieve Gore
- Schulich Library of Physical Sciences, Life Sciences, and Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Benedikt Fischer
- Schools of Population Health and Pharmacy, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Centre for Applied Research in Mental Health & Addiction, Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mark J Eisenberg
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital/McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Division of Cardiology, Jewish General Hospital/McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Schutte CM, Naidoo J, Kakaza M, Pillay M, Hiesgen J. Severe neuropathy due to inhalant abuse in adolescents from Pretoria. S Afr Fam Pract (2004) 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/20786190.2014.975483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Ogenchuk M, Spurr S, Bally J. Caring For Kids Where They Live: interprofessional collaboration in teaching and learning in school settings. Nurse Educ Pract 2013; 14:293-8. [PMID: 24355803 DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2013.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Across North America, educators are challenged with finding learning opportunities for students in the health professions. Faculty members with a pediatric specialization in nursing recognized that schools were an ideal setting to provide children with care from the health continuum including health promotion, assessment and treatment, and chronic disease management. The faculty of nursing at a Western Canadian University established a unique educational approach by creating an interprofessional pediatric clinical learning experience titled, Caring For Kids Where They Live. This practicum brings together students in the health professions (nurses, dentists, and kinesiologists) and students and their families from three urban schools; one elementary school and two high schools. The primary goals of this partnership were to create an interprofessional clinical learning experience and to promote health and wellness of children and youth. This initiative far exceeded the initial goals. This descriptive article with the use of reflective elements from student journals, identifies learning that occurred in an environment whereby students from the health professions had the opportunity to meet and interact, to collaborate, and to gain experience in caring for children and youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Ogenchuk
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada.
| | - Shelley Spurr
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada.
| | - Jill Bally
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada.
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Lemstra M, Rogers M, Moraros J, Caldbick S. Prevalence and risk indicators of alcohol abuse and marijuana use among on-reserve First Nations youth. Paediatr Child Health 2013; 18:10-4. [PMID: 24381485 PMCID: PMC3680265 DOI: 10.1093/pch/18.1.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of the present study were to identify the prevalence of alcohol abuse and marijuana use among First Nations youth living on-reserve, and to identify independent risk indicators associated with these behaviours. Two hundred four students from the Saskatoon Tribal Council (Saskatchewan) who were enrolled in grades 5 through 8 were asked to complete a school health survey. The prevalence of alcohol abuse and marijuana use among First Nations on-reserve youth was 23.5% and 14.7%, respectively. Surprisingly, female First Nations youth were more likely to abuse alcohol and use marijuana than male First Nations youth. The prevalence of alcohol abuse and marijuana use among Saskatoon urban youth of the same age were only 5.4% and 2.7%, respectively. After regression analysis, five independent risk indicators were associated with alcohol abuse and marijuana use among First Nations on-reserve youth. The prevalence of alcohol abuse among First Nations on-reserve youth is higher than that in neighbouring urban youth of the same age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Lemstra
- University of Saskatchewan, School of Public Health, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
| | - Marla Rogers
- University of Saskatchewan, School of Public Health, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
| | - John Moraros
- University of Saskatchewan, School of Public Health, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
| | - Sam Caldbick
- University of Saskatchewan, School of Public Health, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
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Baydala L. Inhalant abuse. Paediatr Child Health 2010; 15:443-454. [PMID: 21886449 PMCID: PMC2948777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhalant abuse - also known as volatile substance abuse, solvent abuse, sniffing, huffing and bagging - is the deliberate inhalation of a volatile substance to achieve an altered mental state. Inhalant abuse is a worldwide problem that is especially common in individuals from minority and marginalized populations, and is strongly correlated with the social determinants of health. It often affects younger children, compared with other forms of substance abuse, and crosses social and ethnic boundaries. Inhalants are pharmacologically diverse products that are selected for their low price, legal and widespread availability, and ability to rapidly induce euphoria. Chronic abuse is associated with serious and often irreversible effects. Widespread screening and early referrals to treatment programs have resulted in significant improvements in the mental, physical and social conditions of those affected. The present statement reviews critical aspects of inhalant abuse, highlighting new information and data that pertain to Aboriginal children and youth, and provides recommendations for treatment and prevention.
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