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Lemonnier P, Lawson T. Calvin cycle and guard cell metabolism impact stomatal function. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 155:59-70. [PMID: 36894379 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Stomatal conductance (gs) determines CO2 uptake for photosynthesis (A) and water loss through transpiration, which is essential for evaporative cooling and maintenance of optimal leaf temperature as well as nutrient uptake. Stomata adjust their aperture to maintain an appropriate balance between CO2 uptake and water loss and are therefore critical to overall plant water status and productivity. Although there is considerable knowledge regarding guard cell (GC) osmoregulation (which drives differences in GC volume and therefore stomatal opening and closing), as well as the various signal transduction pathways that enable GCs to sense and respond to different environmental stimuli, little is known about the signals that coordinate mesophyll demands for CO2. Furthermore, chloroplasts are a key feature in GCs of many species, however, their role in stomatal function is unclear and a subject of debate. In this review we explore the current evidence regarding the role of these organelles in stomatal behaviour, including GC electron transport and Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) cycle activity as well as their possible involvement correlating gs and A along with other potential mesophyll signals. We also examine the roles of other GC metabolic processes in stomatal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lemonnier
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - T Lawson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK.
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2
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Wahyuni DK, Yoku BF, Mukarromah SR, Purnama PR, Ilham M, Rakashiwi GA, Indriati DT, Junairiah, Wacharasindhu S, Prasongsuk S, Subramaniam S, Purnobasuki H. Unraveling the secrets of Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk.: a comprehensive study of morpho-anatomy and DNA barcoding. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 83:e274315. [PMID: 38126630 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.274315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Safety regarding herbal products is very necessary; therefore, routine identification of raw materials should be performed to ensure that the raw materials used in pharmaceutical products are suitable for their intended use. In order for the identification-related data obtained to be accurate, the identification of various kinds of markers is also very necessary. The purpose of this study was to describe the characteristics of Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk. based on qualitative morpho-anatomical markers and quantitative DNA coding. The morphology of this plant has herbaceous habit with a taproot and a stem with branches that appear from the middle. Leaves are single type imperfectly arranged oppositely, lanceolatus, finely serrated on the edges, tapered at the base, pointed at the end, and have a pinnate and hairy leaf surface. The flowers consist of ray flowers and tube flowers with a cup shape. Meanwhile, in terms of anatomy, E. alba has aerenchyma, which are scattered in the cortex of the root and stem. In addition, there are anisocytic stomata, glandular trichomes, and non-glandural trichomes with an elongated shape accompanied by ornamentation found on the leaf epidermis. The results of sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree reconstruction show that the sample plants are closely related to species in the genus Eclipta.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Wahyuni
- Universitas Airlangga, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - B F Yoku
- Universitas Airlangga, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - S R Mukarromah
- Universitas Airlangga, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - P R Purnama
- Universitas Airlangga, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
- Chulalongkorn University, Faculty of Science, Graduate Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Wangmai, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - M Ilham
- Universitas Airlangga, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - G A Rakashiwi
- Universitas Airlangga, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - D T Indriati
- Universitas Airlangga, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Junairiah
- Universitas Airlangga, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - S Wacharasindhu
- Universitas Airlangga, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
- Chulalongkorn University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Wangmai, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - S Prasongsuk
- Chulalongkorn University, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Wangmai, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - S Subramaniam
- Universitas Airlangga, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
- Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Biological Science, Georgetown, Penang, Malaysia
| | - H Purnobasuki
- Universitas Airlangga, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
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Podder A, Ahmed FF, Suman MZH, Mim AY, Hasan K. Genome-wide identification of DCL, AGO and RDR gene families and their associated functional regulatory element analyses in sunflower (Helianthus annuus). PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286994. [PMID: 37294803 PMCID: PMC10256174 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) regulates a variety of eukaryotic gene expressions that are engaged in response to stress, growth, and the conservation of genomic stability during developmental phases. It is also intimately connected to the post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) process and chromatin modification levels. The entire process of RNA interference (RNAi) pathway gene families mediates RNA silencing. The main factors of RNA silencing are the Dicer-Like (DCL), Argonaute (AGO), and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RDR) gene families. To the best of our knowledge, genome-wide identification of RNAi gene families like DCL, AGO, and RDR in sunflower (Helianthus annuus) has not yet been studied despite being discovered in some species. So, the goal of this study is to find the RNAi gene families like DCL, AGO, and RDR in sunflower based on bioinformatics approaches. Therefore, we accomplished an inclusive in silico investigation for genome-wide identification of RNAi pathway gene families DCL, AGO, and RDR through bioinformatics approaches such as (sequence homogeneity, phylogenetic relationship, gene structure, chromosomal localization, PPIs, GO, sub-cellular localization). In this study, we have identified five DCL (HaDCLs), fifteen AGO (HaAGOs), and ten RDR (HaRDRs) in the sunflower genome database corresponding to the RNAi genes of model plant Arabidopsis thaliana based on genome-wide analysis and a phylogenetic method. The analysis of the gene structure that contains exon-intron numbers, conserved domain, and motif composition analyses for all HaDCL, HaAGO, and HaRDR gene families indicated almost homogeneity among the same gene family. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis illustrated that there exists interconnection among identified three gene families. The analysis of the Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment showed that the detected genes directly contribute to the RNA gene-silencing and were involved in crucial pathways. It was observed that the cis-acting regulatory components connected to the identified genes were shown to be responsive to hormone, light, stress, and other functions. That was found in HaDCL, HaAGO, and HaRDR genes associated with the development and growth of plants. Finally, we are able to provide some essential information about the components of sunflower RNA silencing through our genome-wide comparison and integrated bioinformatics analysis, which open the door for further research into the functional mechanisms of the identified genes and their regulatory elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Podder
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Fee Faysal Ahmed
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Zahid Hasan Suman
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Afsana Yeasmin Mim
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Khadiza Hasan
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
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Driesen E, De Proft M, Saeys W. Drought stress triggers alterations of adaxial and abaxial stomatal development in basil leaves increasing water-use efficiency. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad075. [PMID: 37303614 PMCID: PMC10251137 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The physiological control of stomatal opening by which plants adjust for water availability has been extensively researched. However, the impact of water availability on stomatal development has not received as much attention, especially for amphistomatic plants. Therefore, the acclimation of stomatal development in basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) leaves was investigated. Our results show that leaves developed under water-deficit conditions possess higher stomatal densities and decreased stomatal length for both the adaxial and abaxial leaf sides. Although the stomatal developmental reaction to water deficit was similar for the two leaf surfaces, it was proven that adaxial stomata are more sensitive to water stress than abaxial stomata, with more closed adaxial stomata under water-deficit conditions. Furthermore, plants with leaves containing smaller stomata at higher densities possessed a higher water use efficiency. Our findings highlight the importance of stomatal development as a tool for long-term acclimation to limit water loss, with minimal reduction in biomass production. This highlights the central role that stomata play in both the short (opening) and long-term (development) reaction of plants to water availability, making them key tools for efficient resource use and anticipation of future environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maurice De Proft
- Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Willem De Croylaan 42, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wouter Saeys
- Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Willem De Croylaan 42, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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Soda MN, Hayashi Y, Takahashi K, Kinoshita T. Tryptophan synthase ß subunit 1 affects stomatal phenotypes in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1011360. [PMID: 36518509 PMCID: PMC9743989 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1011360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Stomata open in response to several environmental stimuli, such as light and low CO2. Plasma membrane (PM) H+-ATPase in guard cells plays a pivotal role for light-induced stomatal opening. In contrast, stomata close in response to the dark or plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA). However, molecular mechanisms of stomatal movements remain unclear. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of stomatal movements, we performed a genetic screen based on stomatal aperture-dependent weight decrease of detached leaves from EMS-treated Arabidopsis thaliana and isolated a rapid transpiration in detached leaves 2 (rtl2). The rtl2 mutant showed constitutive open-stomata phenotype with lower leaf temperature. ABA had no effect on stomatal aperture in rtl2. The rtl2 mutant also showed increased stomatal density, severe dwarf phenotype with pale green leaves and dark veins. Map-based analysis of the RTL2 locus revealed that the rtl2 mutant possesses a single nucleotide substitution, which induces amino acid substitution Gly162 to Glu in the tryptophan synthase ß subunit 1 (TSB1). The TSB1 encodes an enzyme in tryptophan (Trp) biosynthetic pathway. Amount of TSB1 protein was drastically reduced in rtl2 mutant. A different allele of tsb1 mutant (tsb1-1) also showed constitutive open-stomata phenotype with reduced TSB1 protein as in rtl2. Analyses of test-crossed plants of rtl2 and tsb1-1 showed open-stomata and dwarf phenotypes. These results indicate that a responsible gene for rtl2 is TSB1. We further investigated stomatal phenotype in mutants from Trp biosynthetic pathway, such as wei2-1 wei7-1, trp3-1, and tsb2-1. The trp3-1 mutant showed significant wider stomatal aperture as well as tsb1-1. Trp biosynthetic pathway closely relates to auxin biosynthesis. Then, we investigated auxin responsible genes and found that an expression of AUR3 was up in rtl2. In contrast, auxin had no effect on stomatal aperture in Arabidopsis and the phosphorylation status of PM H+-ATPase in guard cell protoplasts from Vicia faba. In addition, auxin antagonist had no effect on stomatal aperture. Interestingly, tsb1-1 grown under hydroponic culture system showed normal stomatal aperture by exogenously application of Trp. These results suggest that open stomata phenotype in tsb1-1 is due to Trp deficiency but not auxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midori N. Soda
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuki Hayashi
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Koji Takahashi
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toshinori Kinoshita
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
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6
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Weraduwage SM, Frame MK, Sharkey TD. Role of guard cell- or mesophyll cell-localized phytochromes in stomatal responses to blue, red, and far-red light. PLANTA 2022; 256:55. [PMID: 35932433 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03967-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Guard cell- or mesophyll cell-localized phytochromes do not have a predominant direct light sensory role in red- or blue-light-mediated stomatal opening or far-red-light-mediated stomatal closure of Arabidopsis. The role of phytochromes in blue- and red-light-mediated stomatal opening, and far-red-light- mediated decrease in opening, is still under debate. It is not clear whether reduced stomatal opening in a phytochrome B (phyB) mutant line, is due to phytochrome acting as a direct photosensor or an indirect growth effect. The exact tissue localization of the phytochrome photoreceptor important for stomatal opening is also not known. We studied differences in stomatal opening in an Arabidopsis phyB mutant, and lines showing mesophyll cell-specific or guard cell-specific inactivation of phytochromes. Stomatal conductance (gs) of intact leaves was measured under red, blue, and blue + far-red light. Lines exhibiting guard cell-specific inactivation of phytochrome did not show a change in gs under blue or red light compared to Col-0. phyB consistently exhibited a reduction in gs under both blue and red light. Addition of far-red light did not have a significant impact on the blue- or red-light-mediated stomatal response. Treatment of leaves with DCMU (3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea), a photosynthetic electron transport (PET) inhibitor, eliminated the response to red light in all lines, indicating that stomatal opening under red light is controlled by PET, and not directly by phytochrome. Similar to previous studies, leaves of the phyB mutant line had fewer stomata. Overall, phytochrome does not appear have a predominant direct sensory role in stomatal opening under red or blue light. However, phytochromes likely have an indirect effect on the degree of stomatal opening under light through effects on leaf growth and stomatal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarathi M Weraduwage
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Biology/Biochemistry, Bishop's University, Sherbrooke Quebec, J1M OL3, Canada
| | - Melinda K Frame
- Center for Advanced Microscopy, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Thomas D Sharkey
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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Ren Z, Suolang B, Fujiwara T, Yang D, Saijo Y, Kinoshita T, Wang Y. Promotion and Upregulation of a Plasma Membrane Proton-ATPase Strategy: Principles and Applications. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:749337. [PMID: 35003152 PMCID: PMC8728062 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.749337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Plasma membrane proton-ATPase (PM H+-ATPase) is a primary H+ transporter that consumes ATP in vivo and is a limiting factor in the blue light-induced stomatal opening signaling pathway. It was recently reported that manipulation of PM H+-ATPase in stomatal guard cells and other tissues greatly improved leaf photosynthesis and plant growth. In this report, we review and discuss the function of PM H+-ATPase in the context of the promotion and upregulation H+-ATPase strategy, including associated principles pertaining to enhanced stomatal opening, environmental plasticity, and potential applications in crops and nanotechnology. We highlight the great potential of the promotion and upregulation H+-ATPase strategy, and explain why it may be applied in many crops in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zirong Ren
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Bazhen Suolang
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tadashi Fujiwara
- Division of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan
| | - Dan Yang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yusuke Saijo
- Division of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan
| | - Toshinori Kinoshita
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yin Wang
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Toh S, Takata N, Ando E, Toda Y, Wang Y, Hayashi Y, Mitsuda N, Nagano S, Taniguchi T, Kinoshita T. Overexpression of Plasma Membrane H +-ATPase in Guard Cells Enhances Light-Induced Stomatal Opening, Photosynthesis, and Plant Growth in Hybrid Aspen. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:766037. [PMID: 34899787 PMCID: PMC8663642 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.766037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Stomata in the plant epidermis open in response to light and regulate CO2 uptake for photosynthesis and transpiration for uptake of water and nutrients from roots. Light-induced stomatal opening is mediated by activation of the plasma membrane (PM) H+-ATPase in guard cells. Overexpression of PM H+-ATPase in guard cells promotes light-induced stomatal opening, enhancing photosynthesis and growth in Arabidopsis thaliana. In this study, transgenic hybrid aspens overexpressing Arabidopsis PM H+-ATPase (AHA2) in guard cells under the strong guard cell promoter Arabidopsis GC1 (AtGC1) showed enhanced light-induced stomatal opening, photosynthesis, and growth. First, we confirmed that AtGC1 induces GUS expression specifically in guard cells in hybrid aspens. Thus, we produced AtGC1::AHA2 transgenic hybrid aspens and confirmed expression of AHA2 in AtGC1::AHA2 transgenic plants. In addition, AtGC1::AHA2 transgenic plants showed a higher PM H+-ATPase protein level in guard cells. Analysis using a gas exchange system revealed that transpiration and the photosynthetic rate were significantly increased in AtGC1::AHA2 transgenic aspen plants. AtGC1::AHA2 transgenic plants showed a>20% higher stem elongation rate than the wild type (WT). Therefore, overexpression of PM H+-ATPase in guard cells promotes the growth of perennial woody plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeo Toh
- Department of Environmental Bioscience, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naoki Takata
- Forest Bio-Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Hitachi, Japan
| | - Eigo Ando
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Toda
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Phytometrics co., ltd., Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yin Wang
- Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuki Hayashi
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Mitsuda
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
- Global Zero Emission Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Soichiro Nagano
- Forest Tree Breeding Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Hitachi, Japan
| | - Toru Taniguchi
- Forest Bio-Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Hitachi, Japan
- Tohoku Regional Breeding Office, Forest Tree Breeding Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Takizawa, Japan
| | - Toshinori Kinoshita
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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Ding M, Zhang M, Zeng H, Hayashi Y, Zhu Y, Kinoshita T. Molecular basis of plasma membrane H +-ATPase function and potential application in the agricultural production. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 168:10-16. [PMID: 34607207 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Increase of crop yield is always the desired goal, manipulation of genes in relation to plant growth is a shortcut to promote crop yield. The plasma membrane (PM) H+-ATPase is the plant master enzyme; the energy yielded by ATP hydrolysis pumps H+ out of cells, establishes the membrane potential, maintains pH homeostasis and provides the proton-motive force required for transmembrane transport of many materials. PM H+-ATPase is involved in root nutrient uptake, epidermal stomatal opening, phloem sucrose loading and unloading, and hypocotyl cell elongation. In this review, we summarize the recent progresses in roles of PM H+-ATPase in nutrient uptake and light-induced stomatal opening and discuss the pivotal role of PM H+-ATPase in crop yield improvement and its potential application in agricultural production by modulating the expression of PM H+-ATPase in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ding
- Plant Physiology Laboratory of Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Maoxing Zhang
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Houqing Zeng
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Yuki Hayashi
- Plant Physiology Laboratory of Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yiyong Zhu
- College of Resource and Environment Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Toshinori Kinoshita
- Plant Physiology Laboratory of Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan; Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.
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10
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Mahmood S, Afzal B, Perveen S, Wahid A, Azeem M, Iqbal N. He-Ne Laser Seed Treatment Improves the Nutraceutical Metabolic Pool of Sunflowers and Provides Better Tolerance Against Water Deficit. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:579429. [PMID: 34079562 PMCID: PMC8165324 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.579429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Water-scarce areas are continually increasing worldwide. This factor reduces the quantity and quality of crops produced in affected areas. Physical seed treatments are considered economical and ecofriendly solutions for such problems. It was hypothesized that a moderately drought-tolerant crop grown from seeds treated with a He-Ne laser utilizes water-limited conditions better than plants grown from untreated seeds. A field study was conducted, growing a moderately drought tolerant crop (sunflower) with supportive seed treatment (He-Ne laser treatment at 300 mJ) for 0, 1, 2, and 3 min. Thirty-day-old plants were subjected to two irrigation conditions: 100% (normal) and 50% (water stress). Harvesting was done at flowering (60-day-old plants) at full maturity. The sunflowers maintained growth and yield under water limitation with a reduced achene number. At 50%, irrigation, there was a reduction in chlorophyll a, a+b and a/b; catalase activity; soluble sugars; and anthocyanin, alongside elevated proline. The improved chlorophyll a, a+b and a/b; metabolisable energy; nutritional value; and yield in the plants grown from He-Ne-laser-treated seeds support our hypothesis. Seeds with 2-min exposure to a He-Ne laser performed best regarding leaf area; leaf number; leaf biomass; chlorophyll a, a+b and a/b; per cent oil yield; 50-achene weight; achene weight per plant; carotenoid content; and total soluble phenolic compound content. Thereafter, the leaves from the best performing level of treatment (2 min) were subjected to high-performance-liquid-chromatography-based phenolic profiling and gas-chromatography-based fatty acid profiling of the oil yield. The He-Ne laser treatment led to the accumulation of nutraceutical phenolic compounds and improved the unsaturated-to-saturated fatty acid ratio of the oil. In conclusion, 2-min He-Ne laser seed treatment could be the best strategy to improve the yield and nutritional value of sunflowers grown in water-limited areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saqib Mahmood
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Beenish Afzal
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shagufta Perveen
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Wahid
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Azeem
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Naeem Iqbal
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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11
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Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) as Agricultural Lighting: Impact and Its Potential on Improving Physiology, Flowering, and Secondary Metabolites of Crops. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13041985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A reduction in crop productivity in cultivable land and challenging environmental factors have directed advancement in indoor cultivation systems, such that the yield parameters are higher in outdoor cultivation systems. In wake of this situation, light emitting diode (LED) lighting has proved to be promising in the field of agricultural lighting. Properties such as energy efficiency, long lifetime, photon flux efficacy and flexibility in application make LEDs better suited for future agricultural lighting systems over traditional lighting systems. Different LED spectrums have varied effects on the morphogenesis and photosynthetic responses in plants. LEDs have a profound effect on plant growth and development and also control key physiological processes such as phototropism, the immigration of chloroplasts, day/night period control and the opening/closing of stomata. Moreover, the synthesis of bioactive compounds and antioxidants on exposure to LED spectrum also provides information on the possible regulation of antioxidative defense genes to protect the cells from oxidative damage. Similarly, LEDs are also seen to escalate the nutrient metabolism in plants and flower initiation, thus improving the quality of the crops as well. However, the complete management of the irradiance and wavelength is the key to maximize the economic efficacy of crop production, quality, and the nutrition potential of plants grown in controlled environments. This review aims to summarize the various advancements made in the area of LED technology in agriculture, focusing on key processes such as morphological changes, photosynthetic activity, nutrient metabolism, antioxidant capacity and flowering in plants. Emphasis is also made on the variation in activities of different LED spectra between different plant species. In addition, research gaps and future perspectives are also discussed of this emerging multidisciplinary field of research and its development.
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12
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Zhang M, Wang Y, Chen X, Xu F, Ding M, Ye W, Kawai Y, Toda Y, Hayashi Y, Suzuki T, Zeng H, Xiao L, Xiao X, Xu J, Guo S, Yan F, Shen Q, Xu G, Kinoshita T, Zhu Y. Plasma membrane H +-ATPase overexpression increases rice yield via simultaneous enhancement of nutrient uptake and photosynthesis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:735. [PMID: 33531490 PMCID: PMC7854686 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-20964-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) are essential elements for plant growth and crop yield. Thus, improved N and C utilisation contributes to agricultural productivity and reduces the need for fertilisation. In the present study, we find that overexpression of a single rice gene, Oryza sativa plasma membrane (PM) H+-ATPase 1 (OSA1), facilitates ammonium absorption and assimilation in roots and enhanced light-induced stomatal opening with higher photosynthesis rate in leaves. As a result, OSA1 overexpression in rice plants causes a 33% increase in grain yield and a 46% increase in N use efficiency overall. As PM H+-ATPase is highly conserved in plants, these findings indicate that the manipulation of PM H+-ATPase could cooperatively improve N and C utilisation, potentially providing a vital tool for food security and sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoxing Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, College of Resources and Environment Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yin Wang
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feiyun Xu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, College of Resources and Environment Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Ding
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, College of Resources and Environment Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenxiu Ye
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuya Kawai
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yosuke Toda
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), PRESTO, Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Yuki Hayashi
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takamasa Suzuki
- Department of Biological Chemistry, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan
| | - Houqing Zeng
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liang Xiao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, College of Resources and Environment Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Xiao
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China
| | - Jin Xu
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Shiwei Guo
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, College of Resources and Environment Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Yan
- Institute of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Qirong Shen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, College of Resources and Environment Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guohua Xu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, College of Resources and Environment Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Toshinori Kinoshita
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Yiyong Zhu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, College of Resources and Environment Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
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13
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Santos MG, Davey PA, Hofmann TA, Borland A, Hartwell J, Lawson T. Stomatal Responses to Light, CO 2, and Mesophyll Tissue in Vicia faba and Kalanchoë fedtschenkoi. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:740534. [PMID: 34777422 PMCID: PMC8579043 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.740534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The responses of stomatal aperture to light intensity and CO2 concentration were studied in both Vicia faba (C3) and Kalanchoë fedtschenkoi (Crassulacean acid metabolism; CAM), in material sampled from both light and dark periods. Direct comparison was made between intact leaf segments, epidermises grafted onto exposed mesophyll, and isolated epidermal peels, including transplantations between species and between diel periods. We reported the stomatal opening in response to darkness in isolated CAM peels from the light period, but not from the dark. Furthermore, we showed that C3 mesophyll has stimulated CAM stomata in transplanted peels to behave as C3 in response to light and CO2. By using peels and mesophyll from plants sampled in the dark and the light period, we provided clear evidence that CAM stomata behaved differently from C3. This might be linked to stored metabolites/ions and signalling pathway components within the guard cells, and/or a mesophyll-derived signal. Overall, our results provided evidence for both the involvement of guard cell metabolism and mesophyll signals in stomatal responses in both C3 and CAM species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro G. Santos
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - Phillip A. Davey
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Anne Borland
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Devonshire Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - James Hartwell
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Tracy Lawson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Tracy Lawson
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14
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Matthews JSA, Vialet-Chabrand S, Lawson T. Role of blue and red light in stomatal dynamic behaviour. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:2253-2269. [PMID: 31872212 PMCID: PMC7134916 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plants experience changes in light intensity and quality due to variations in solar angle and shading from clouds and overlapping leaves. Stomatal opening to increasing irradiance is often an order of magnitude slower than photosynthetic responses, which can result in CO2 diffusional limitations on leaf photosynthesis, as well as unnecessary water loss when stomata continue to open after photosynthesis has reached saturation. Stomatal opening to light is driven by two distinct pathways; the 'red' or photosynthetic response that occurs at high fluence rates and saturates with photosynthesis, and is thought to be the main mechanism that coordinates stomatal behaviour with photosynthesis; and the guard cell-specific 'blue' light response that saturates at low fluence rates, and is often considered independent of photosynthesis, and important for early morning stomatal opening. Here we review the literature on these complicated signal transduction pathways and osmoregulatory processes in guard cells that are influenced by the light environment. We discuss the possibility of tuning the sensitivity and magnitude of stomatal response to blue light which potentially represents a novel target to develop ideotypes with the 'ideal' balance between carbon gain, evaporative cooling, and maintenance of hydraulic status that is crucial for maximizing crop performance and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack S A Matthews
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, UK
| | | | - Tracy Lawson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, UK
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15
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Wang F, Robson TM, Casal JJ, Shapiguzov A, Aphalo PJ. Contributions of cryptochromes and phototropins to stomatal opening through the day. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2020; 47:226-238. [PMID: 32045561 DOI: 10.1071/fp19053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The UV-A/blue photoreceptors phototropins and cryptochromes are both known to contribute to stomatal opening (Δgs) in blue light. However, their relative contributions to the maintenance of gs in blue light through the whole photoperiod remain unknown. To elucidate this question, Arabidopsis phot1 phot2 and cry1 cry2 mutants (MTs) and their respective wild types (WTs) were irradiated with 200 μmolm-2s-1 of blue-, green- or red-light (BL, GL or RL) throughout a 11-h photoperiod. Stomatal conductance (gs) was higher under BL than under RL or GL. Under RL, gs was not affected by either of the photoreceptor mutations, but under GL gs was slightly lower in cry1 cry2 than its WT. Under BL, the presence of phototropins was essential for rapid stomatal opening at the beginning of the photoperiod, and maximal stomatal opening beyond 3 h of irradiation required both phototropins and cryptochromes. Time courses of whole-plant net carbon assimilation rate (Anet) and the effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (ΦPSII) were consistent with an Anet-independent contribution of BL on gs both in phot1 phot2 and cry1 cry2 mutants. The changing roles of phototropins and cryptochromes through the day may allow more flexible coordination between gs and Anet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), Organismal and Evolutionary Biology (OEB), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - T Matthew Robson
- Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), Organismal and Evolutionary Biology (OEB), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Jorge J Casal
- IFEVA, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Av. San Martín 4453,1417 Buenos Aires, Argentina; and Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires-CONICET,1405 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alexey Shapiguzov
- Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), Organismal and Evolutionary Biology (OEB), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014, Finland; and Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street, 35, 127276 Moscow, Russia
| | - Pedro J Aphalo
- Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), Organismal and Evolutionary Biology (OEB), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014, Finland; and Corresponding author.
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16
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Fujita T, Noguchi K, Ozaki H, Terashima I. Confirmation of mesophyll signals controlling stomatal responses by a newly devised transplanting method. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2019; 46:467-481. [PMID: 30940335 DOI: 10.1071/fp18250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
There are opposing views on whether the responses of stomata to environmental stimuli are all autonomous reactions of stomatal guard cells or whether mesophyll is involved in these responses. Transplanting isolated epidermis onto mesophyll is a potent methodology for examining the roles of mesophyll-derived signals in stomatal responses. Here we report on development of a new transplanting method. Leaf segments of Commelina communis L. were pretreated in the light or dark at 10, 39 or 70Pa ambient CO2 for 1h. Then the abaxial epidermises were removed and the epidermal strips prepared from the other leaves kept in the dark at 39Pa CO2, were transplanted onto the mesophyll. After illumination of the transplants for 1h at 39Pa CO2, stomatal apertures were measured. We also examined the molecular sizes of the mesophyll signals by inserting the dialysis membrane permeable to molecules smaller than 100-500Da or 500-1000Da between the epidermis and mesophyll. Mesophyll pretreatments in the light at low CO2 partial pressures accelerated stomatal opening in the transplanted epidermal strips, whereas pretreatments at 70Pa CO2 suppressed stomatal opening. Insertion of these dialysis membranes did not suppress stomatal opening significantly at 10Pa CO2 in the light, whereas insertion of the 100-500Da membrane decelerated stomatal closure at high CO2. It is probable that the mesophyll signals inducing stomatal opening at low CO2 in the light would permeate both membranes, and that those inducing stomatal closure at high CO2 would not permeate the 100-500Da membrane. Possible signal compounds are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Fujita
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan; and Present address: Yodosha, Co. LTD, 2-5-1 Kandaogawamachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0052, Japan
| | - Ko Noguchi
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan; and School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ozaki
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Ichiro Terashima
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan; and Corresponding author.
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17
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Xu F, Wang K, Yuan W, Xu W, Liu S, Kronzucker HJ, Chen G, Miao R, Zhang M, Ding M, Xiao L, Kai L, Zhang J, Zhu Y. Overexpression of rice aquaporin OsPIP1;2 improves yield by enhancing mesophyll CO2 conductance and phloem sucrose transport. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:671-681. [PMID: 30535321 PMCID: PMC6322580 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporins are involved in CO2 transport from the leaf intercellular air space to the chloroplast, which contributes to CO2 assimilation. However, the mechanism of CO2 transport by rice (Oryza sativa L.) aquaporins is unknown. Here, we investigated the function of the aquaporin OsPIP1;2 in CO2 diffusion-associated photosynthesis and phloem sucrose transport. Moreover, the grain yield of rice lines overexpressing OsPIP1;2 was determined. OsPIP1;2 was localized to the plasma membrane and the relative expression of OsPIP1;2 was approximately 5-fold higher in leaves in the presence of an elevated CO2 concentration. Overexpression of OsPIP1;2 increased mesophyll conductance by approximately 150% compared with wild-type (WT) rice. The OsPIP1;2-overexpressing lines had higher biomass than the WT, possibly due to increased phloem sucrose transport. In addition, the grain yield of OsPIP1;2-overexpressing lines was approximately 25% higher than that of the WT in three-season field experiments, due to the increased numbers of effective tillers and spikelets per panicle. Our results suggest that OsPIP1;2 modulates rice growth and grain yield by facilitating leaf CO2 diffusion, which increases both the net CO2 assimilation rate and sucrose transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyun Xu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- College of Life Sciences and Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ke Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- College of Life Sciences and Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weifeng Xu
- College of Life Sciences and Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Herbert J Kronzucker
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Guanglei Chen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Miao
- College of Life Sciences and Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Maoxing Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Ding
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Xiao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Kai
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics and Comparative Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, and the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yiyong Zhu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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18
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Ando E, Kinoshita T. Fluence rate dependence of red light-induced phosphorylation of plasma membrane H +-ATPase in stomatal guard cells. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2019; 14:1561107. [PMID: 30601076 PMCID: PMC6351090 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2018.1561107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Stomatal opening is induced by red light as well as blue light. Recently, we established an immunohistochemical technique using whole leaves to study plasma membrane (PM) H+-ATPase in guard cells, which is an important enzyme driving stomatal opening. Our technique revealed that red light illuminated to whole leaves induces photosynthesis-dependent phosphorylation of C-terminal penultimate residue of PM H+-ATPase, threonine, in guard cells, which has been considered to be important for activation of PM H+-ATPase, and we proposed that red light promotes stomatal opening via activation of PM H+-ATPase in guard cells in whole leaves. Here, using our new immunohistochemical technique, we investigated fluence rate dependence of red light-induced phosphorylation of PM H+-ATPase. We found that illumination of red light at 50 µmol m-2 s-1, which was suggested to initiate photosynthesis, saturates phosphorylation of PM H+-ATPase. Furthermore, we immunohistochemically confirmed decrease in the amount of PM H+-ATPase protein in a knock-out mutant of AHA1, an isogene encoding the major isoform of PM H+-ATPase in guard cells, implying the importance of AHA1 as the major PM H+-ATPase protein in guard cells for light-induced stomatal opening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eigo Ando
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toshinori Kinoshita
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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19
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Mott KA, Peak D. Effects of the mesophyll on stomatal responses in amphistomatous leaves. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:2835-2843. [PMID: 30073677 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The role of the mesophyll in stomatal functioning in thin amphistomatous leaves was investigated by altering gas exchange for one surface and observing the effects on stomatal conductance for the other surface. Three methods of perturbing gas exchange on the adaxial surface were used. First, gas exchange for the adaxial surface was completely blocked with plastic wrap or vacuum grease. Second, leaves were inverted to induce closure of the adaxial stomata. And third, ambient humidity for the adaxial surface was reduced to induce stomatal closure on that surface. Experiments were performed at low light intensity and three different CO2 concentrations to test the idea that stomatal responses in thin amphistomatous leaves are partially controlled by a signal from the mesophyll that varies with light and CO2 . In general, stomata on the abaxial surface opened when gas exchange on the adaxial surface was reduced, with the largest increases in conductance occurring at high CO2 concentration. The data are discussed with respect to role of a purported signal from the mesophyll and the partitioning of that signal between the two surfaces of the leaf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith A Mott
- Biology Department, Utah State University, Logan, Utah
| | - David Peak
- Physics Department, Utah State University, Logan, Utah
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20
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Lawson T, Terashima I, Fujita T, Wang Y. Coordination Between Photosynthesis and Stomatal Behavior. THE LEAF: A PLATFORM FOR PERFORMING PHOTOSYNTHESIS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-93594-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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21
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Response of Eustoma Leaf Phenotype and Photosynthetic Performance to LED Light Quality. HORTICULTURAE 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae3040050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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22
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Aasamaa K, Aphalo PJ. The acclimation of Tilia cordata stomatal opening in response to light, and stomatal anatomy to vegetational shade and its components. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 37:209-219. [PMID: 27672187 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpw091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Stomatal anatomical traits and rapid responses to several components of visible light were measured in Tilia cordata Mill. seedlings grown in an open, fully sunlit field (C-set), or under different kinds of shade. The main questions were: (i) stomatal responses to which visible light spectrum regions are modified by growth-environment shade and (ii) which separate component of vegetational shade is most effective in eliciting the acclimation effects of the full vegetational shade. We found that stomatal opening in response to red or green light did not differ between the plants grown in the different environments. Stomatal response to blue light was increased (in comparison with that of C-set) in the leaves grown in full vegetational shade (IABW-set), in attenuated UVAB irradiance (AB-set) or in decreased light intensity (neutral shade) plus attenuated UVAB irradiance (IAB-set). In all sets, the addition of green light-two or four times stronger-into induction light barely changed the rate of the blue-light-stimulated stomatal opening. In the AB-set, stomatal response to blue light equalled the strong IABW-set response. In attenuated UVB-grown leaves, stomatal response fell midway between IABW- and C-set results. Blue light response by neutral shade-grown leaves did not differ from that of the C-set, and the response by the IAB-set did not differ from that of the AB-set. Stomatal size was not modified by growth environments. Stomatal density and index were remarkably decreased only in the IABW- and IAB-sets. It was concluded that differences in white light responses between T. cordata leaves grown in different light environments are caused only by their different blue light response. Differences in stomatal sensitivity are not dependent on altered stomatal anatomy. Attenuated UVAB irradiance is the most efficient component of vegetational shade in stimulating acclimation of stomata, whereas decreased light intensity plays a minor role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krõõt Aasamaa
- Department of Biosciences, Plant Biology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- Department of Silviculture, Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, Tartu 51014, Estonia
| | - Pedro José Aphalo
- Department of Biosciences, Plant Biology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, Helsinki 00014, Finland
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23
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Zhang ZS, Li YT, Gao HY, Yang C, Meng QW. Characterization of photosynthetic gas exchange in leaves under simulated adaxial and abaxial surfaces alternant irradiation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26963. [PMID: 27377989 PMCID: PMC4932497 DOI: 10.1038/srep26963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous investigations on photosynthesis have been performed on leaves irradiated from the adaxial surface. However, leaves usually sway because of wind. This action results in the alternating exposure of both the adaxial and abaxial surfaces to bright sunlight. To simulate adaxial and abaxial surfaces alternant irradiation (ad-ab-alt irradiation), the adaxial or abaxial surface of leaves were exposed to light regimes that fluctuated between 100 and 1,000 μmol m(-2) s(-1). Compared with constant adaxial irradiation, simulated ad-ab-alt irradiation suppressed net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and transpiration (E) but not water use efficiency. These suppressions were aggravated by an increase in alternant frequency of the light intensity. When leaves were transferred from constant light to simulated ad-ab-alt irradiation, the maximum Pn and E during the high light period decreased, but the rate of photosynthetic induction during this period remained constant. The sensitivity of photosynthetic gas exchange to simulated ad-ab-alt irradiation was lower on abaxial surface than adaxial surface. Under simulated ad-ab-alt irradiation, higher Pn and E were measured on abaxial surface compared with adaxial surface. Therefore, bifacial leaves can fix more carbon than leaves with two "sun-leaf-like" surfaces under ad-ab-alt irradiation. Photosynthetic research should be conducted under dynamic conditions that better mimic nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Shan Zhang
- State Key Lab of Crop Biology, Tai’an, Shandong Province, China
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong Province, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yu-Ting Li
- State Key Lab of Crop Biology, Tai’an, Shandong Province, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hui-Yuan Gao
- State Key Lab of Crop Biology, Tai’an, Shandong Province, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong Province, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Wheat Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Qing-Wei Meng
- State Key Lab of Crop Biology, Tai’an, Shandong Province, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong Province, China
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Wang WH, He EM, Chen J, Guo Y, Chen J, Liu X, Zheng HL. The reduced state of the plastoquinone pool is required for chloroplast-mediated stomatal closure in response to calcium stimulation. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 86:132-44. [PMID: 26945669 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Besides their participation in photosynthesis, leaf chloroplasts function in plant responses to stimuli, yet how they direct stimulus-induced stomatal movement remains elusive. Here, we showed that over-reduction of the plastoquinone (PQ) pool by dibromothymoquinone (DBMIB) was closely associated with stomatal closure in plants which required chloroplastic H2O2 generation in the mesophyll. External application of H2 O2 reduced the PQ pool, whereas the cell-permeable reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAC) reversed the DBMIB-induced over-reduction of the PQ pool and stomatal closure. Mesophyll chloroplasts are key players of extracellular Ca(2+) (Ca(2+)o)-induced stomatal closure, but when treated with either 3-(3',4'-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU) or NAC they failed to facilitate Ca(2+)o-induced stomatal closure due to the inhibition of chloroplastic H2 O2 synthesis in mesophyll. Similarly, the Arabidopsis electron transfer chain-related mutants npq4-1, stn7 and cas-1 exhibited diverse responses to Ca(2+)o or DBMIB. Transcriptome analysis also demonstrated that the PQ pool signaling pathway shared common responsive genes with the H2 O2 signaling pathway. These results implicated a mechanism for chloroplast-mediated stomatal closure involving the generation of mesophyll chloroplastic H2O2 based on the reduced state of the PQ pool, which is calcium-sensing receptor (CAS) and LHCII phosphorylation dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hua Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Subtropical Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Fujian Institute of Subtropical Botany, Xiamen, Fujian, 361006, China
| | - En-Ming He
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Subtropical Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Fujian Institute of Subtropical Botany, Xiamen, Fujian, 361006, China
| | - Juan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Ying Guo
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Subtropical Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Fujian Institute of Subtropical Botany, Xiamen, Fujian, 361006, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research of MOE, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research of MOE, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Hai-Lei Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research of MOE, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
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25
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Suetsugu N, Takami T, Ebisu Y, Watanabe H, Iiboshi C, Doi M, Shimazaki KI. Guard cell chloroplasts are essential for blue light-dependent stomatal opening in Arabidopsis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108374. [PMID: 25250952 PMCID: PMC4177113 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Blue light (BL) induces stomatal opening through the activation of H+-ATPases with subsequent ion accumulation in guard cells. In most plant species, red light (RL) enhances BL-dependent stomatal opening. This RL effect is attributable to the chloroplasts of guard cell, the only cells in the epidermis possessing this organelle. To clarify the role of chloroplasts in stomatal regulation, we investigated the effects of RL on BL-dependent stomatal opening in isolated epidermis, guard cell protoplasts, and intact leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana. In isolated epidermal tissues and intact leaves, weak BL superimposed on RL enhanced stomatal opening while BL alone was less effective. In guard cell protoplasts, RL enhanced BL-dependent H+-pumping and DCMU, a photosynthetic electron transport inhibitor, eliminated this effect. RL enhanced phosphorylation levels of the H+-ATPase in response to BL, but this RL effect was not suppressed by DCMU. Furthermore, DCMU inhibited both RL-induced and BL-dependent stomatal opening in intact leaves. The photosynthetic rate in leaves correlated positively with BL-dependent stomatal opening in the presence of DCMU. We conclude that guard cell chloroplasts provide ATP and/or reducing equivalents that fuel BL-dependent stomatal opening, and that they indirectly monitor photosynthetic CO2 fixation in mesophyll chloroplasts by absorbing PAR in the epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Suetsugu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tsuneaki Takami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuuta Ebisu
- Graduate School of System Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Harutaka Watanabe
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Chihoko Iiboshi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Michio Doi
- Faculty of Art and Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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26
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O'Carrigan A, Babla M, Wang F, Liu X, Mak M, Thomas R, Bellotti B, Chen ZH. Analysis of gas exchange, stomatal behaviour and micronutrients uncovers dynamic response and adaptation of tomato plants to monochromatic light treatments. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2014; 82:105-15. [PMID: 24935228 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2014.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Light spectrum affects the yield and quality of greenhouse tomato, especially over a prolonged period of monochromatic light treatments. Physiological and chemical analysis was employed to investigate the influence of light spectral (blue, green and red) changes on growth, photosynthesis, stomatal behaviour, leaf pigment, and micronutrient levels. We found that plants are less affected under blue light treatment, which was evident by the maintenance of higher A, gs, Tr, and stomatal parameters and significantly lower VPD and Tleaf as compared to those plants grown in green and red light treatments. Green and red light treatments led to significantly larger increase in the accumulation of Fe, B, Zn, and Cu than blue light. Moreover, guard cell length, width, and volume all showed highly significant positive correlations to gs, Tr and negative links to VPD. There was negative impact of monochromatic lights-induced accumulation of Mn, Cu, and Zn on photosynthesis, leaf pigments and plant growth. Furthermore, most of the light-induced significant changes of the physiological traits were partially recovered at the end of experiment. A high degree of morphological and physiological plasticity to blue, green and red light treatments suggested that tomato plants may have developed mechanisms to adapt to the light treatments. Thus, understanding the optimization of light spectrum for photosynthesis and growth is one of the key components for greenhouse tomato production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew O'Carrigan
- School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, 2751, NSW, Australia
| | - Mohammad Babla
- School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, 2751, NSW, Australia
| | - Feifei Wang
- School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, 2751, NSW, Australia; School of Agricultural Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, 2751, NSW, Australia; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Michelle Mak
- School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, 2751, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard Thomas
- School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, 2751, NSW, Australia
| | - Bill Bellotti
- School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, 2751, NSW, Australia
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, 2751, NSW, Australia.
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Caillon R, Suppo C, Casas J, Arthur Woods H, Pincebourde S. Warming decreases thermal heterogeneity of leaf surfaces: implications for behavioural thermoregulation by arthropods. Funct Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Caillon
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte (IRBI CNRS UMR 7261); Université François Rabelais; Faculté des Sciences et Techniques; 37200 Tours France
| | - Christelle Suppo
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte (IRBI CNRS UMR 7261); Université François Rabelais; Faculté des Sciences et Techniques; 37200 Tours France
| | - Jérôme Casas
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte (IRBI CNRS UMR 7261); Université François Rabelais; Faculté des Sciences et Techniques; 37200 Tours France
| | - H. Arthur Woods
- Division of Biological Sciences; University of Montana; Missoula MT 59812 USA
| | - Sylvain Pincebourde
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte (IRBI CNRS UMR 7261); Université François Rabelais; Faculté des Sciences et Techniques; 37200 Tours France
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28
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Mott KA, Berg DG, Hunt SM, Peak D. Is the signal from the mesophyll to the guard cells a vapour-phase ion? PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2014; 37:1184-91. [PMID: 24313673 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that the red light and CO2 responses of stomata are caused by a signal from the mesophyll to the guard cells. Experiments were conducted to test the idea that this signal is a vapour-phase ion. Stomata in isolated epidermes of Tradescantia pallida were found to respond to air ions created by an electrode that was positioned under the epidermes. Anthocyanins in the epidermes of this species were observed to change colour in response to these air ions, and this change in colour was attributed to changes in pH. A similar change in lower epidermal colour was observed in intact leaves upon illumination and with changes in CO2 concentration. Based on the change in epidermal colour, the pH of the epidermis was estimated to be approximately 7.0 in darkness and 6.5 in the light. Stomata in isolated epidermes responded to pH when suspended over (but not in contact with) solutions of different pH. We speculate that stomatal responses to CO2 and light are caused by vapour-phase ions, possibly hydronium ions that change the pH of the epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith A Mott
- Biology Department, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322-5305, USA
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29
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Busch FA. Opinion: the red-light response of stomatal movement is sensed by the redox state of the photosynthetic electron transport chain. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2014; 119:131-40. [PMID: 23483292 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-013-9805-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Guard cells regulate CO2 uptake and water loss of a leaf by controlling stomatal movement in response to environmental factors such as CO2, humidity, and light. The mechanisms by which stomata respond to red light are actively debated in the literature, and even after decades of research it is still controversial whether stomatal movement is related to photosynthesis or not. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the red-light response of stomata. A comparison of published evidence suggests that stomatal movement is controlled by the redox state of photosynthetic electron transport chain components, in particular the redox state of plastoquinone. Potential consequences for the modeling of stomatal conductance are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian A Busch
- Plant Science Division, Research School of Biology, College of Medicine Biology and the Environment, The Australian National University, Linnaeus Building (Bldg 134) Linnaeus Way, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia,
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30
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Abstract
The plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase is the pump that provides the driving force for transport of numerous solutes in plant cells, and plays an essential role for the growth and maintenance of cell homeostasis. Recent investigations using guard cells with respect to blue-light-induced stomatal opening uncovered the regulatory mechanisms of the H(+)-ATPase, and revealed that the phosphorylation status of penultimate threonine in the C-terminus of H(+)-ATPase is key step for the activity regulation. The same regulatory mechanisms for the H(+)-ATPase were evidenced in hypocotyl elongation in response to ABA and auxin, suggesting that the phosphorylation of the penultimate threonine is a common regulatory mechanism for the H(+)-ATPase. We also present the data that the activity of the H(+)-ATPase limits the plant growth. Typical structure of the H(+)-ATPase in the C-terminus was acquired in the transition of plants from water to the terrestrial land.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Wang
- Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) Nagoya, Japan
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31
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Overexpression of plasma membrane H+-ATPase in guard cells promotes light-induced stomatal opening and enhances plant growth. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 111:533-8. [PMID: 24367097 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1305438111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Stomatal pores surrounded by a pair of guard cells in the plant epidermis control gas exchange between plants and the atmosphere in response to light, CO2, and the plant hormone abscisic acid. Light-induced stomatal opening is mediated by at least three key components: the blue light receptor phototropin (phot1 and phot2), plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase, and plasma membrane inward-rectifying K(+) channels. Very few attempts have been made to enhance stomatal opening with the goal of increasing photosynthesis and plant growth, even though stomatal resistance is thought to be the major limiting factor for CO2 uptake by plants. Here, we show that transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing H(+)-ATPase using the strong guard cell promoter GC1 showed enhanced light-induced stomatal opening, photosynthesis, and plant growth. The transgenic plants produced larger and increased numbers of rosette leaves, with ∼42-63% greater fresh and dry weights than the wild type in the first 25 d of growth. The dry weights of total flowering stems of 45-d-old transgenic plants, including seeds, siliques, and flowers, were ∼36-41% greater than those of the wild type. In addition, stomata in the transgenic plants closed normally in response to darkness and abscisic acid. In contrast, the overexpression of phototropin or inward-rectifying K(+) channels in guard cells had no effect on these phenotypes. These results demonstrate that stomatal aperture is a limiting factor in photosynthesis and plant growth, and that manipulation of stomatal opening by overexpressing H(+)-ATPase in guard cells is useful for the promotion of plant growth.
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32
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Fujita T, Noguchi K, Terashima I. Apoplastic mesophyll signals induce rapid stomatal responses to CO2 in Commelina communis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2013; 199:395-406. [PMID: 23560389 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that the mesophyll contributes to stomatal CO(2) responses. The effects of changes in CO(2) concentration (100 or 700 ppm) on stomatal responses in red or white light were examined microscopically in a leaf segment, an epidermal strip and an epidermal strip placed on a mesophyll segment of Commelina communis, all mounted on a buffer-containing gel. In both red and white light, stomata of the leaf segment opened/closed rapidly at low/high CO(2). In red light, epidermal strip stomata barely responded to CO(2). In white light, they opened at low CO(2), but hardly closed at high CO(2). Stomata of the epidermal strip placed on the mesophyll responded in the same manner as those on the leaf segment. Insertion of a doughnut-shaped cellophane spacer (but not polyethylene spacer) between the epidermal strip and the mesophyll hardly altered these responses. Stomata in leaf segments treated with 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU), a photosynthesis inhibitor, did not open in red light, but opened/closed at low/high CO(2) in white light. These results indicate that the apoplast transfer of 'mesophyll signals' and the stomatal opening at low CO(2) are dependent on photosynthesis, whereas the stomatal closure at high CO(2) is independent of photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Fujita
- Plant Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 1130033, Japan
| | - Ko Noguchi
- Plant Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 1130033, Japan
| | - Ichiro Terashima
- Plant Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 1130033, Japan
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Boccalandro HE, Giordano CV, Ploschuk EL, Piccoli PN, Bottini R, Casal JJ. Phototropins but not cryptochromes mediate the blue light-specific promotion of stomatal conductance, while both enhance photosynthesis and transpiration under full sunlight. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 158:1475-84. [PMID: 22147516 PMCID: PMC3291272 DOI: 10.1104/pp.111.187237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Leaf epidermal peels of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants lacking either phototropins 1 and 2 (phot1 and phot2) or cryptochromes 1 and 2 (cry1 and cry2) exposed to a background of red light show severely impaired stomatal opening responses to blue light. Since phot and cry are UV-A/blue light photoreceptors, they may be involved in the perception of the blue light-specific signal that induces the aperture of the stomatal pores. In leaf epidermal peels, the blue light-specific effect saturates at low irradiances; therefore, it is considered to operate mainly under the low irradiance of dawn, dusk, or deep canopies. Conversely, we show that both phot1 phot2 and cry1 cry2 have reduced stomatal conductance, transpiration, and photosynthesis, particularly under the high irradiance of full sunlight at midday. These mutants show compromised responses of stomatal conductance to irradiance. However, the effects of phot and cry on photosynthesis were largely nonstomatic. While the stomatal conductance phenotype of phot1 phot2 was blue light specific, cry1 cry2 showed reduced stomatal conductance not only in response to blue light, but also in response to red light. The levels of abscisic acid were elevated in cry1 cry2. We conclude that considering their effects at high irradiances cry and phot are critical for the control of transpiration and photosynthesis rates in the field. The effects of cry on stomatal conductance are largely indirect and involve the control of abscisic acid levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernán E Boccalandro
- Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, 5507 Chacras de Coria, Argentina.
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34
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Yang X, Wang X, Wang L, Wei M. Control of light environment: A key technique for high-yield and high-quality vegetable production in protected farmland. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/as.2012.37112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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