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Coatsworth P, Cotur Y, Asfour T, Zhou Z, Flauzino JMR, Bozkurt T, Güder F. Plant-on-a-chip: continuous, soilless electrochemical monitoring of salt uptake and tolerance among different genotypes of tomato. SENSORS & DIAGNOSTICS 2024; 3:799-808. [PMID: 38766392 PMCID: PMC11097007 DOI: 10.1039/d4sd00065j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum), a high-value crop, exhibit a unique relationship with salt, where increased levels of NaCl can enhance flavor, aroma and nutritional quality but can cause oxidative damage and reduce yields. A drive for larger, better-looking tomatoes has reduced the importance of salt sensitivity, a concern considering that the sodium content of agricultural land is increasing over time. Currently, there are no simple ways of comparing salt tolerance between plants, where a holistic approach looking at [Na+] throughout the plant typically involves destructive, single time point measurements or expensive imaging techniques. Finding methods that collect rapid information in real time could improve the understanding of salt resistance in the field. Here we investigate the uptake of NaCl by tomatoes using TETRIS (Time-resolved Electrochemical Technology for plant Root environment In situ chemical Sensing), a platform used to measure chemical signals in the root area of living plants. Low-cost, screen-printed electrochemical sensors were used to measure changes in salt concentration via electrical impedance measurements, facilitating the monitoring of the uptake of ions by roots. We not only demonstrated differences in the rate of uptake of NaCl between tomato seedlings under different growth conditions, but also showed differences in uptake between varieties of tomato with different NaCl sensitivities and the relatively salt-resistant "wild tomato" (Solanum pimpinellifolium) sister species. Our results suggest that TETRIS could be used to ascertain physiological traits of salt resistance found in adult plants but at the seedling stage of growth. This extrapolation, and the possibility to multiplex and change sensor configuration, could enable high-throughput screening of many hundreds or thousands of mutants or varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Coatsworth
- Imperial College London, Department of Bioengineering, Royal School of Mines SW7 2AZ London UK
| | - Yasin Cotur
- Imperial College London, Department of Bioengineering, Royal School of Mines SW7 2AZ London UK
| | - Tarek Asfour
- Imperial College London, Department of Bioengineering, Royal School of Mines SW7 2AZ London UK
| | - Zihao Zhou
- Imperial College London, Department of Bioengineering, Royal School of Mines SW7 2AZ London UK
| | - José M R Flauzino
- Imperial College London, Department of Bioengineering, Royal School of Mines SW7 2AZ London UK
| | - Tolga Bozkurt
- Imperial College London, Department of Life Sciences, Royal School of Mines SW7 2AZ London UK
| | - Firat Güder
- Imperial College London, Department of Bioengineering, Royal School of Mines SW7 2AZ London UK
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Coatsworth P, Cotur Y, Naik A, Asfour T, Collins ASP, Olenik S, Zhou Z, Gonzalez-Macia L, Chao DY, Bozkurt T, Güder F. Time-resolved chemical monitoring of whole plant roots with printed electrochemical sensors and machine learning. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj6315. [PMID: 38295162 PMCID: PMC10830104 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj6315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Traditional single-point measurements fail to capture dynamic chemical responses of plants, which are complex, nonequilibrium biological systems. We report TETRIS (time-resolved electrochemical technology for plant root environment in situ chemical sensing), a real-time chemical phenotyping system for continuously monitoring chemical signals in the often-neglected plant root environment. TETRIS consisted of low-cost, highly scalable screen-printed electrochemical sensors for monitoring concentrations of salt, pH, and H2O2 in the root environment of whole plants, where multiplexing allowed for parallel sensing operation. TETRIS was used to measure ion uptake in tomato, kale, and rice and detected differences between nutrient and heavy metal ion uptake. Modulation of ion uptake with ion channel blocker LaCl3 was monitored by TETRIS and machine learning used to predict ion uptake. TETRIS has the potential to overcome the urgent "bottleneck" in high-throughput screening in producing high-yielding plant varieties with improved resistance against stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Coatsworth
- Imperial College London, Department of Bioengineering, Royal School of Mines, SW7 2AZ London, UK
| | - Yasin Cotur
- Imperial College London, Department of Bioengineering, Royal School of Mines, SW7 2AZ London, UK
| | - Atharv Naik
- Imperial College London, Department of Bioengineering, Royal School of Mines, SW7 2AZ London, UK
| | - Tarek Asfour
- Imperial College London, Department of Bioengineering, Royal School of Mines, SW7 2AZ London, UK
| | - Alex Silva-Pinto Collins
- Imperial College London, Department of Bioengineering, Royal School of Mines, SW7 2AZ London, UK
| | - Selin Olenik
- Imperial College London, Department of Bioengineering, Royal School of Mines, SW7 2AZ London, UK
| | - Zihao Zhou
- Imperial College London, Department of Bioengineering, Royal School of Mines, SW7 2AZ London, UK
| | - Laura Gonzalez-Macia
- Imperial College London, Department of Bioengineering, Royal School of Mines, SW7 2AZ London, UK
| | - Dai-Yin Chao
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Tolga Bozkurt
- Imperial College London, Department of Life Sciences, Royal School of Mines, SW7 2AZ London, UK
| | - Firat Güder
- Imperial College London, Department of Bioengineering, Royal School of Mines, SW7 2AZ London, UK
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3
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Noda Y, Yoshihara T, Suzui N, Yin YG, Miyoshi Y, Enomoto K, Kawachi N. Visualization of the initial radiocesium dynamics after penetration in living apple trees with bark removal using a positron-emitting 127Cs tracer. Appl Radiat Isot 2023; 198:110859. [PMID: 37267714 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.110859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Following the Fukushima nuclear accident in March 2011, radiocesium (rCs) contamination in deciduous trees remains over 10 years later even though the trees were leafless at the time of the accident. This phenomenon is considered to be the result of repeated retranslocation of rCs that initially penetrated the bark into the internal tissues. To implement effective measures after a possible accident in the future, it is necessary to clarify how rCs is translocated in the tree after penetration. In this study, rCs translocation was dynamically visualized using a positron-emitting tracer imaging system (PETIS) and autoradiography after the bark of apple branches was removed. The PETIS results showed the translocation of 127Cs from the branch to young shoots and the main stem in apple trees under controlled spring growing conditions. The transport velocity of rCs in the branch was faster than that in the main stem. The transport of rCs, which was either acropetal or basipetal, in the main stem through the branch junction favored basipetal movement. Autoradiography of transverse sections of the main stem indicated that basipetal translocation was due to transport in the phloem. This study demonstrated the initial translocation responses of rCs similar to previous field research, which indicates that rCs transport to the young shoots tends to be higher under controlled conditions. Our laboratory-based experimental system may be useful to gain an improved understanding of rCs dynamics in deciduous trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusaku Noda
- Takasaki Institute for Advanced Quantum Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Gunma, 370-1292, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Yoshihara
- Takasaki Institute for Advanced Quantum Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Gunma, 370-1292, Japan; Faculty of Bioscience and Applied Chemistry, Hosei University, Tokyo, 184-8584, Japan
| | - Nobuo Suzui
- Takasaki Institute for Advanced Quantum Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Gunma, 370-1292, Japan.
| | - Yong-Gen Yin
- Takasaki Institute for Advanced Quantum Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Gunma, 370-1292, Japan
| | - Yuta Miyoshi
- Takasaki Institute for Advanced Quantum Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Gunma, 370-1292, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Enomoto
- Takasaki Institute for Advanced Quantum Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Gunma, 370-1292, Japan
| | - Naoki Kawachi
- Takasaki Institute for Advanced Quantum Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Gunma, 370-1292, Japan
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Abstract
Time is an often-neglected variable in biological research. Plants respond to biotic and abiotic stressors with a range of chemical signals, but as plants are non-equilibrium systems, single-point measurements often cannot provide sufficient temporal resolution to capture these time-dependent signals. In this article, we critically review the advances in continuous monitoring of chemical signals in living plants under stress. We discuss methods for sustained measurement of the most important chemical species, including ions, organic molecules, inorganic molecules and radicals. We examine analytical and modelling approaches currently used to identify and predict stress in plants. We also explore how the methods discussed can be used for applications beyond a research laboratory, in agricultural settings. Finally, we present the current challenges and future perspectives for the continuous monitoring of chemical signals in plants.
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Firth G, Blower JE, Bartnicka JJ, Mishra A, Michaels AM, Rigby A, Darwesh A, Al-Salemee F, Blower PJ. Non-invasive radionuclide imaging of trace metal trafficking in health and disease: "PET metallomics". RSC Chem Biol 2022; 3:495-518. [PMID: 35656481 PMCID: PMC9092424 DOI: 10.1039/d2cb00033d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Several specific metallic elements must be present in the human body to maintain health and function. Maintaining the correct quantity (from trace to bulk) and location at the cell and tissue level is essential. The study of the biological role of metals has become known as metallomics. While quantities of metals in cells and tissues can be readily measured in biopsy and autopsy samples by destructive analytical techniques, their trafficking and its role in health and disease are poorly understood. Molecular imaging with radionuclides - positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) - is emerging as a means to non-invasively study the acute trafficking of essential metals between organs, non-invasively and in real time, in health and disease. PET scanners are increasingly widely available in hospitals, and methods for producing radionuclides of some of the key essential metals are developing fast. This review summarises recent developments in radionuclide imaging technology that permit such investigations, describes the radiological and physicochemical properties of key radioisotopes of essential trace metals and useful analogues, and introduces current and potential future applications in preclinical and clinical investigations to study the biology of essential trace metals in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Firth
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital London UK
| | - Julia E Blower
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital London UK
| | - Joanna J Bartnicka
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital London UK
| | - Aishwarya Mishra
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital London UK
| | - Aidan M Michaels
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital London UK
| | - Alex Rigby
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital London UK
| | - Afnan Darwesh
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital London UK
| | - Fahad Al-Salemee
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital London UK
| | - Philip J Blower
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital London UK
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Song X, Su Y, Zheng J, Zhang Z, Liang Z, Tang Z. Study on the Effects of Salt Tolerance Type, Soil Salinity and Soil Characteristics on the Element Composition of Chenopodiaceae Halophytes. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11101288. [PMID: 35631714 PMCID: PMC9144953 DOI: 10.3390/plants11101288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
With the continuous increase in saline–alkali land, sustainable development of the global environment and ecology have been seriously affected. This study compared the absorption and accumulation patterns of 11 elements in different parts (roots, stems and leaves) of different leaf Na regulation strategies of the pioneer plant Chenopodiaceae in saline–alkali land and evaluated the effects of soil nutrient status and soil salinity on the distribution of plant elements. The results showed that the changes in the content of Ca, Mg and Na in plants are affected by the salt-tolerant type and on different parts. Soil salinity had no significant effect on element concentrations in different parts of plants. The Pearson correlation coefficient showed that the correlation between plants and soil elements was different, and different parts of plants had the characteristics of selective absorption of soil elements. The salt tolerance type and soil mineral element concentrations explained most of the variation observed in element concentrations in Chenopodiaceae plants; the soil salinity property played only a minor role. It was concluded that the genetic factors are the prerequisite in the composition pattern of leaf elements in Chenopodiaceae, and soil factors are the key to determining element accumulation. These conclusions provide an effective reference for evaluating plant breeding and its response to environmental change in saline–alkali arid areas in Hulunbuir grassland and other parts of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Song
- The Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (X.S.); (Y.S.); (J.Z.)
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineer and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yuhang Su
- The Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (X.S.); (Y.S.); (J.Z.)
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineer and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jingwen Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (X.S.); (Y.S.); (J.Z.)
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineer and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Zhonghua Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (X.S.); (Y.S.); (J.Z.)
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineer and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- Correspondence: (Z.Z.); (Z.T.); Tel.: +86-0451-8219-2098 (Z.T.)
| | - Zhengwei Liang
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China;
| | - Zhonghua Tang
- The Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (X.S.); (Y.S.); (J.Z.)
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineer and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- Correspondence: (Z.Z.); (Z.T.); Tel.: +86-0451-8219-2098 (Z.T.)
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Higuchi K, Kurita K, Sakai T, Suzui N, Sasaki M, Katori M, Wakabayashi Y, Majima Y, Saito A, Ohyama T, Kawachi N. "Live-Autoradiography" Technique Reveals Genetic Variation in the Rate of Fe Uptake by Barley Cultivars. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11060817. [PMID: 35336699 PMCID: PMC8956111 DOI: 10.3390/plants11060817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an essential trace element in plants; however, the available Fe in soil solution does not always satisfy the demand of plants. Genetic diversity in the rate of Fe uptake by plants has not been broadly surveyed among plant species or genotypes, although plants have developed various Fe acquisition mechanisms. The "live-autoradiography" technique with radioactive 59Fe was adopted to directly evaluate the uptake rate of Fe by barley cultivars from a nutrient solution containing a very low concentration of Fe. The uptake rate of Fe measured by live autoradiography was consistent with the accumulation of Fe-containing proteins on the thylakoid membrane. The results revealed that the ability to acquire Fe from the low-Fe solution was not always the sole determinant of tolerance to Fe deficiency among barley genotypes. The live-autoradiography system visualizes the distribution of β-ray-emitting nuclides and has flexibility in the shape of the field of view. This technique will strongly support phenotyping with regard to the long-distance transport of nutrient elements in the plant body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Higuchi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry in Plant Productivity, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan; (M.S.); (M.K.); (Y.W.); (Y.M.); (A.S.); (T.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-354772315
| | - Keisuke Kurita
- Materials Sciences Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan; (K.K.); (T.S.)
| | - Takuro Sakai
- Materials Sciences Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan; (K.K.); (T.S.)
| | - Nobuo Suzui
- Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Takasaki 370-1292, Japan; (N.S.); (N.K.)
| | - Minori Sasaki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry in Plant Productivity, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan; (M.S.); (M.K.); (Y.W.); (Y.M.); (A.S.); (T.O.)
| | - Maya Katori
- Laboratory of Biochemistry in Plant Productivity, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan; (M.S.); (M.K.); (Y.W.); (Y.M.); (A.S.); (T.O.)
| | - Yuna Wakabayashi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry in Plant Productivity, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan; (M.S.); (M.K.); (Y.W.); (Y.M.); (A.S.); (T.O.)
| | - Yuta Majima
- Laboratory of Biochemistry in Plant Productivity, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan; (M.S.); (M.K.); (Y.W.); (Y.M.); (A.S.); (T.O.)
| | - Akihiro Saito
- Laboratory of Biochemistry in Plant Productivity, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan; (M.S.); (M.K.); (Y.W.); (Y.M.); (A.S.); (T.O.)
| | - Takuji Ohyama
- Laboratory of Biochemistry in Plant Productivity, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan; (M.S.); (M.K.); (Y.W.); (Y.M.); (A.S.); (T.O.)
| | - Naoki Kawachi
- Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Takasaki 370-1292, Japan; (N.S.); (N.K.)
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Li JS, Suzui N, Nakai Y, Yin YG, Ishii S, Fujimaki S, Kawachi N, Rai H, Matsumoto T, Sato-Izawa K, Ohkama-Ohtsu N, Nakamura SI. Shoot base responds to root-applied glutathione and functions as a critical region to inhibit cadmium translocation from the roots to shoots in oilseed rape (Brassica napus). PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 305:110822. [PMID: 33691958 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is a tripeptide involved in controlling heavy metal movement in plants. Our previous study showed that GSH, when site-specifically applied to plant roots, inhibits Cd translocation from the roots to shoots in hydroponically cultured oilseed rape (Brassica napus) plants. A factor that led to this inhibitory effect was the activation of Cd efflux from root cells. To further investigate the molecular mechanism triggered by root-applied GSH, Cd movement was non-invasively monitored using a positron-emitting tracer imaging system. The Cd absorption and efflux process in the roots were visualized successfully. The effects of GSH on Cd efflux from root cells were estimated by analyzing imaging data. Reanalysis of image data suggested that GSH applied to roots, at the shoot base, activated Cd return. Cutting the shoot base significantly inhibited Cd efflux from root cells. These experimental results demonstrate that the shoot base plays an important role in distributing Cd throughout the plant body. Furthermore, microarray analysis revealed that about 400 genes in the roots responded to root-applied GSH. Among these, there were genes for transporter proteins related to heavy metal movement in plants and proteins involved in the structure modification of cell walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Song Li
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8, Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Nobuo Suzui
- Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki-cho, Takasaki-shi, Gunma, 370-1207, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakai
- Institute of Regional Innovation, Hirosaki University, 2-2-1 Yanagawa, Aomori-shi, Aomori, 038-0012, Japan
| | - Yon-Gen Yin
- Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki-cho, Takasaki-shi, Gunma, 370-1207, Japan
| | - Satomi Ishii
- Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki-cho, Takasaki-shi, Gunma, 370-1207, Japan
| | - Shu Fujimaki
- Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki-cho, Takasaki-shi, Gunma, 370-1207, Japan; Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Naoki Kawachi
- Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki-cho, Takasaki-shi, Gunma, 370-1207, Japan
| | - Hiroki Rai
- Department of Biological Production, Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438 Kaidobata-Nishi, Shimoshinjo-Nakano, Akita-shi, Akita, 010-0195, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsumoto
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Kanna Sato-Izawa
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Naoko Ohkama-Ohtsu
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8, Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan; Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8, Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Nakamura
- Department of Biological Production, Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438 Kaidobata-Nishi, Shimoshinjo-Nakano, Akita-shi, Akita, 010-0195, Japan; Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan.
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Ruwanpathirana GP, Plett DC, Williams RC, Davey CE, Johnston LA, Kronzucker HJ. Continuous monitoring of plant sodium transport dynamics using clinical PET. PLANT METHODS 2021; 17:8. [PMID: 33468197 PMCID: PMC7814562 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-021-00707-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The absorption, translocation, accumulation and excretion of substances are fundamental processes in all organisms including plants, and have been successfully studied using radiotracers labelled with 11C, 13N, 14C and 22Na since 1939. Sodium is one of the most damaging ions to the growth and productivity of crops. Due to the significance of understanding sodium transport in plants, a significant number of studies have been carried out to examine sodium influx, compartmentation, and efflux using 22Na- or 24Na-labeled salts. Notably, however, most of these studies employed destructive methods, which has limited our understanding of sodium flux and distribution characteristics in real time, in live plants. Positron emission tomography (PET) has been used successfully in medical research and diagnosis for decades. Due to its ability to visualise and assess physiological and metabolic function, PET imaging has also begun to be employed in plant research. Here, we report the use of a clinical PET scanner with a 22Na tracer to examine 22Na-influx dynamics in barley plants (Hordeum vulgare L. spp. Vulgare-cultivar Bass) under variable nutrient levels, alterations in the day/night light cycle, and the presence of sodium channel inhibitors. RESULTS 3D dynamic PET images of whole plants show readily visible 22Na translocation from roots to shoots in each examined plant, with rates influenced by both nutrient status and channel inhibition. PET images show that plants cultivated in low-nutrient media transport more 22Na than plants cultivated in high-nutrient media, and that 22Na uptake is suppressed in the presence of a cation-channel inhibitor. A distinct diurnal pattern of 22Na influx was discernible in curves displaying rates of change of relative radioactivity. Plants were found to absorb more 22Na during the light period, and anticipate the change in the light/dark cycle by adjusting the sodium influx rate downward in the dark period, an effect not previously described experimentally. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate the utility of clinical PET/CT scanners for real-time monitoring of the temporal dynamics of sodium transport in plants. The effects of nutrient deprivation and of ion channel inhibition on sodium influx into barley plants are shown in two proof-of-concept experiments, along with the first-ever 3D-imaging of the light and dark sodium uptake cycles in plants. This method carries significant potential for plant biology research and, in particular, in the context of genetic and treatment effects on sodium acquisition and toxicity in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gihan P Ruwanpathirana
- Melbourne Brain Centre Imaging Unit, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Darren C Plett
- Australian Plant Phenomics Facility, The Plant Accelerator, School of Agriculture, Food & Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA, Australia
| | - Robert C Williams
- Melbourne Brain Centre Imaging Unit, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Catherine E Davey
- Melbourne Brain Centre Imaging Unit, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Leigh A Johnston
- Melbourne Brain Centre Imaging Unit, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Herbert J Kronzucker
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agriculture Sciences, School of Agriculture and Food, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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10
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Abd El-Maboud MM, Abd Elbar OH. Adaptive responses of Limoniastrum monopetalum (L.) Boiss. growing naturally at different habitats. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY REPORTS 2020; 25:325-334. [DOI: 10.1007/s40502-020-00519-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Abstract
Soil salinity is a global environmental challenge for crop production. Understanding the uptake and transport properties of salt in plants is crucial to evaluate their potential for growth in high salinity soils and as a basis for engineering varieties with increased salt tolerance. Positron emission tomography (PET), traditionally used in medical and animal imaging applications for assessing and quantifying the dynamic bio-distribution of molecular species, has the potential to provide useful measurements of salt transport dynamics in an intact plant. Here we report on the feasibility of studying the dynamic transport of 22Na in millet using PET. Twenty-four green foxtail (Setaria viridis L. Beauv.) plants, 12 of each of two different accessions, were incubated in a growth solution containing 22Na+ ions and imaged at 5 time points over a 2-week period using a high-resolution small animal PET scanner. The reconstructed PET images showed clear evidence of sodium transport throughout the whole plant over time. Quantitative region-of-interest analysis of the PET data confirmed a strong correlation between total 22Na activity in the plants and time. Our results showed consistent salt transport dynamics within plants of the same variety and important differences between the accessions. These differences were corroborated by independent measurement of Na+ content and expression of the NHX transcript, a gene implicated in sodium transport. Our results demonstrate that PET can be used to quantitatively evaluate the transport of sodium in plants over time and, potentially, to discern differing salt-tolerance properties between plant varieties. In this paper, we also address the practical radiation safety aspects of working with 22Na in the context of plant imaging and describe a robust pipeline for handling and incubating plants. We conclude that PET is a promising and practical candidate technology to complement more traditional salt analysis methods and provide insights into systems-level salt transport mechanisms in intact plants.
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Recent Advances in Radioisotope Imaging Technology for Plant Science Research in Japan. QUANTUM BEAM SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/qubs3030018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Soil provides most of the essential elements required for the growth of plants. These elements are absorbed by the roots and then transported to the leaves via the xylem. Photoassimilates and other nutrients are translocated from the leaves to the maturing organs via the phloem. Non-essential elements are also transported via the same route. Therefore, an accurate understanding of the movement of these elements across the plant body is of paramount importance in plant science research. Radioisotope imaging is often utilized to understand element kinetics in the plant body. Live plant imaging is one of the recent advancements in this field. In this article, we recapitulate the developments in radioisotope imaging technology for plant science research in Japanese research groups. This collation provides useful insights into the application of radioisotope imaging technology in wide domains including plant science.
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Matinzadeh Z, Akhani H, Abedi M, Palacio S. The elemental composition of halophytes correlates with key morphological adaptations and taxonomic groups. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 141:259-278. [PMID: 31200272 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Halophytes are crucial in the light of increasing soil salinization, yet our understanding of their chemical composition and its relationship to key morphological traits such as succulence or salt excretion is limited. This study targets this issue by exploring the relationship between the elemental composition of 108 plant species from saline environments in Iran and their eco-morphological traits and taxonomy. Leaves and/or photosynthetic shoots of individual species and soils were sampled and analyzed for 20 elements in plant samples and 5 major elements plus % gypsum content, pH, and EC in soil samples. Eu-halophytes and leaf- and stem-succulent and salt-recreting plants showed high concentrations of Na, S, and Mg and low concentrations of Ca and K. In contrast, pseudo-halophytes, facultative-halophytes and eury-hygro-halophytes, which often lack succulent shoots, showed low Na, S, and Mg and high Ca and K concentrations in their leaves. Clear patterns were identified among taxonomic families, with Chenopodiaceae and Plumbaginaceae having high Na and Mg and low Ca and K concentrations, Caryophyllaceae having high K, Poaceae having low Na, and Asteraceae, Boraginaceae, and Brassicaceae showing high foliar Ca concentrations. We conclude that the elemental composition of halophytes and pseudo-halophytes is related to salt-tolerance categories, eco-morphological types and respective taxonomic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Matinzadeh
- Halophytes and C(4) Plants Research Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, P.O.Box, 14155-6455, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Akhani
- Halophytes and C(4) Plants Research Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, P.O.Box, 14155-6455, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Abedi
- Department of Range Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, 46417-76489, Noor, Iran
| | - Sara Palacio
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Av. Nuestra Señora de la Victoria, 16, 22700, Jaca, Huesca, Spain
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Wang J, Qiu N, Wang P, Zhang W, Yang X, Chen M, Wang B, Sun J. Na + compartmentation strategy of Chinese cabbage in response to salt stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 140:151-157. [PMID: 31103797 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Na+/H+ antiporter (NHX), responsible for counter-transport of Na+ and H+ across membranes (Na+ compartmentalization), plays a central role in plant salt-tolerance. In order to explore the Na+ compartmentalization modes and salt tolerance strategy in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis), the seedlings of a salt-susceptible cabbage cultivar (Kuaicai 38) and a salt-tolerant cabbage cultivar (Qingmaye) were exposed to 100-400 mM NaCl for 30 days. Both of these cultivars showed a gradual decrease in fresh weight and water content and an increase in root-shoot ratio with the increasing NaCl-treatment concentration. The distribution of Na+ in these two cultivars was similar, with the green leaves showing the highest Na+ content, followed by inflated midribs, stems, and roots. The Na+ concentration in the apoplast was higher than that in the protoplast of the leaves. The expression levels of BrNHX1-1 and BrNHX1-2 in the leaves of Qingmaye were the highest among all BrNHX members, and increased after salt treatment. However, only BrNHX1-1 was expressed in Kuaicai 38. These results indicate that Na+ compartmentation into vacuoles is the major salt-adaptation strategy in Chinese cabbage. Coordinated overexpression of BrNHX1-1 and BrNHX1-2 may confer greater salt-tolerance for Chinese cabbage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, 273165, China
| | - Nianwei Qiu
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, 273165, China.
| | - Ping Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, 273165, China
| | - Weirong Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, 273165, China
| | - Xiaoying Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, 273165, China
| | - Min Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Baoshan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Jingkuan Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou, Shandong, 256600, China.
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Evaluation of plastic scintillators for live imaging of 14C-labeled photosynthate movement in plants. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-018-6102-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Prusty MR, Kim SR, Vinarao R, Entila F, Egdane J, Diaz MGQ, Jena KK. Newly Identified Wild Rice Accessions Conferring High Salt Tolerance Might Use a Tissue Tolerance Mechanism in Leaf. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:417. [PMID: 29740456 PMCID: PMC5926390 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.) is very sensitive to salt stress. So far a few rice landraces have been identified as a source of salt tolerance and utilized in rice improvement. These tolerant lines primarily use Na+ exclusion mechanism in root which removes Na+ from the xylem stream by membrane Na+ and K+ transporters, and resulted in low Na+ accumulation in shoot. Identification of a new donor source conferring high salt tolerance is imperative. Wild relatives of rice having wide genetic diversity are regarded as a potential source for crop improvement. However, they have been less exploited against salt stress. Here, we simultaneously evaluated all 22 wild Oryza species along with the cultivated tolerant lines including Pokkali, Nona Bokra, and FL478, and sensitive check varieties under high salinity (240 mM NaCl). Based on the visual salt injury score, three species (O. alta, O. latifolia, and O. coarctata) and four species (O. rhizomatis, O. eichingeri, O. minuta, and O. grandiglumis) showed higher and similar level of tolerance compared to the tolerant checks, respectively. All three CCDD genome species exhibited salt tolerance, suggesting that the CCDD genome might possess the common genetic factors for salt tolerance. Physiological and biochemical experiments were conducted using the newly isolated tolerant species together with checks under 180 mM NaCl. Interestingly, all wild species showed high Na+ concentration in shoot and low concentration in root unlike the tolerant checks. In addition, the wild-tolerant accessions showed a tendency of a high tissue tolerance in leaf, low malondialdehyde level in shoot, and high retention of chlorophyll in the young leaves. These results suggest that the wild species employ tissue tolerance mechanism to manage salt stress. Gene expression analyses of the key salt tolerance-related genes suggested that high Na+ in leaf of wild species might be affected by OsHKT1;4-mediated Na+ exclusion in leaf and the following Na+ sequestration in leaf might be occurring independent of tonoplast-localized OsNHX1. The newly isolated wild rice accessions will be valuable materials for both rice improvement to salinity stress and the study of salt tolerance mechanism in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manas R. Prusty
- Strategic Innovation Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Manila, Philippines
| | - Sung-Ryul Kim
- Strategic Innovation Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Manila, Philippines
| | - Ricky Vinarao
- Strategic Innovation Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Manila, Philippines
| | - Frederickson Entila
- Strategic Innovation Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Manila, Philippines
| | - James Egdane
- Strategic Innovation Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Manila, Philippines
| | - Maria G. Q. Diaz
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Kshirod K. Jena
- Strategic Innovation Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Manila, Philippines
- *Correspondence: Kshirod K. Jena,
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Assaha DVM, Ueda A, Saneoka H, Al-Yahyai R, Yaish MW. The Role of Na + and K + Transporters in Salt Stress Adaptation in Glycophytes. Front Physiol 2017; 8:509. [PMID: 28769821 PMCID: PMC5513949 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 335] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionic stress is one of the most important components of salinity and is brought about by excess Na+ accumulation, especially in the aerial parts of plants. Since Na+ interferes with K+ homeostasis, and especially given its involvement in numerous metabolic processes, maintaining a balanced cytosolic Na+/K+ ratio has become a key salinity tolerance mechanism. Achieving this homeostatic balance requires the activity of Na+ and K+ transporters and/or channels. The mechanism of Na+ and K+ uptake and translocation in glycophytes and halophytes is essentially the same, but glycophytes are more susceptible to ionic stress than halophytes. The transport mechanisms involve Na+ and/or K+ transporters and channels as well as non-selective cation channels. Thus, the question arises of whether the difference in salt tolerance between glycophytes and halophytes could be the result of differences in the proteins or in the expression of genes coding the transporters. The aim of this review is to seek answers to this question by examining the role of major Na+ and K+ transporters and channels in Na+ and K+ uptake, translocation and intracellular homeostasis in glycophytes. It turns out that these transporters and channels are equally important for the adaptation of glycophytes as they are for halophytes, but differential gene expression, structural differences in the proteins (single nucleotide substitutions, impacting affinity) and post-translational modifications (phosphorylation) account for the differences in their activity and hence the differences in tolerance between the two groups. Furthermore, lack of the ability to maintain stable plasma membrane (PM) potentials following Na+-induced depolarization is also crucial for salt stress tolerance. This stable membrane potential is sustained by the activity of Na+/H+ antiporters such as SOS1 at the PM. Moreover, novel regulators of Na+ and K+ transport pathways including the Nax1 and Nax2 loci regulation of SOS1 expression and activity in the stele, and haem oxygenase involvement in stabilizing membrane potential by activating H+-ATPase activity, favorable for K+ uptake through HAK/AKT1, have been shown and are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dekoum V. M. Assaha
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos UniversityMuscat, Oman
| | - Akihiro Ueda
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima UniversityHiroshima, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Saneoka
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima UniversityHiroshima, Japan
| | - Rashid Al-Yahyai
- Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos UniversityMuscat, Oman
| | - Mahmoud W. Yaish
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos UniversityMuscat, Oman
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Screening of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Cultivars for Salinity Tolerance. FORESTS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/f8040136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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