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Shrestha R, Karunadasa S, Grismer TS, Reyes AV, Xu SL. SECRET AGENT O-GlcNAcylates Hundreds of Proteins Involved in Diverse Cellular Processes in Arabidopsis. Mol Cell Proteomics 2024; 23:100732. [PMID: 38336175 PMCID: PMC10979276 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2024.100732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is a critical post-translational modification of proteins observed in both plants and animals and plays a key role in growth and development. While considerable knowledge exists about over 3000 substrates in animals, our understanding of this modification in plants remains limited. Unlike animals, plants possess two putative homologs: SECRET AGENT (SEC) and SPINDLY, with SPINDLY also exhibiting O-fucosylation activity. To investigate the role of SEC as a major O-GlcNAc transferase in plants, we utilized lectin-weak affinity chromatography enrichment and stable isotope labeling in Arabidopsis labeling, quantifying at both MS1 and MS2 levels. Our findings reveal a significant reduction in O-GlcNAc levels in the sec mutant, indicating the critical role of SEC in mediating O-GlcNAcylation. Through a comprehensive approach, combining higher-energy collision dissociation and electron-transfer high-energy collision dissociation fragmentation with substantial fractionations, we expanded our GlcNAc profiling, identifying 436 O-GlcNAc targets, including 227 new targets. The targets span diverse cellular processes, suggesting broad regulatory functions of O-GlcNAcylation. The expanded targets also enabled exploration of crosstalk between O-GlcNAcylation and O-fucosylation. We also examined electron-transfer high-energy collision dissociation fragmentation for site assignment. This report advances our understanding of O-GlcNAcylation in plants, facilitating further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Shrestha
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Sumudu Karunadasa
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California, USA
| | - TaraBryn S Grismer
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California, USA; Carnegie Mass Spectrometry Facility, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Andres V Reyes
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California, USA; Carnegie Mass Spectrometry Facility, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Shou-Ling Xu
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California, USA; Carnegie Mass Spectrometry Facility, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California, USA.
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Aizezi Y, Zhao H, Zhang Z, Bi Y, Yang Q, Guo G, Zhang H, Guo H, Jiang K, Wang ZY. Structure-based virtual screening identifies small-molecule inhibitors of O-fucosyltransferase SPINDLY in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:497-509. [PMID: 38124350 PMCID: PMC10896289 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Protein O-glycosylation is a nutrient signaling mechanism that plays an essential role in maintaining cellular homeostasis across different species. In plants, SPINDLY (SPY) and SECRET AGENT (SEC) posttranslationally modify hundreds of intracellular proteins with O-fucose and O-linked N-acetylglucosamine, respectively. SPY and SEC play overlapping roles in cellular regulation, and loss of both SPY and SEC causes embryo lethality in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Using structure-based virtual screening of chemical libraries followed by in vitro and in planta assays, we identified a SPY O-fucosyltransferase inhibitor (SOFTI). Computational analyses predicted that SOFTI binds to the GDP-fucose-binding pocket of SPY and competitively inhibits GDP-fucose binding. In vitro assays confirmed that SOFTI interacts with SPY and inhibits its O-fucosyltransferase activity. Docking analysis identified additional SOFTI analogs that showed stronger inhibitory activities. SOFTI treatment of Arabidopsis seedlings decreased protein O-fucosylation and elicited phenotypes similar to the spy mutants, including early seed germination, increased root hair density, and defective sugar-dependent growth. In contrast, SOFTI did not visibly affect the spy mutant. Similarly, SOFTI inhibited the sugar-dependent growth of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlings. These results demonstrate that SOFTI is a specific SPY O-fucosyltransferase inhibitor that can be used as a chemical tool for functional studies of O-fucosylation and potentially for agricultural management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalikunjiang Aizezi
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Hongming Zhao
- Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yang Bi
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Qiuhua Yang
- Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Guangshuo Guo
- Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hongwei Guo
- Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Kai Jiang
- Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Wang
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Grismer TS, Karundasa SS, Shrestha R, Byun D, Ni W, Reyes AV, Xu SL. Workflow enhancement of TurboID-mediated proximity labeling for SPY signaling network mapping. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.17.580820. [PMID: 38405906 PMCID: PMC10888891 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.17.580820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
TurboID-based proximity labeling coupled to mass spectrometry (PL-MS) has emerged as a powerful tool for mapping protein-protein interactions in both plant and animal systems. Despite advances in sensitivity, PL-MS studies can still suffer from false negatives, especially when dealing with low abundance bait proteins and their transient interactors. Protein-level enrichment for biotinylated proteins is well developed and popular, but direct detection of biotinylated proteins by peptide-level enrichment and the difference in results between direct and indirect detection remain underexplored. To address this gap, we compared and improved enrichment and data analysis methods using TurboID fused to SPY, a low-abundance O-fucose transferase, using an AAL-enriched SPY target library for cross-referencing. Our results showed that MyOne and M280 streptavidin beads significantly outperformed antibody beads for peptide-level enrichment, with M280 performing best. In addition, while a biotin concentration ≤ 50 μM is recommended for protein-level enrichment in plants, higher biotin concentrations can be used for peptide-level enrichment, allowing us to improve detection and data quality. FragPipe's MSFragger protein identification and quantification software outperformed Maxquant and Protein Prospector for SPY interactome enrichment due to its superior detection of biotinylated peptides. Our improved washing protocols for protein-level enrichment mitigated bead collapse issues, improving data quality, and reducing experimental time. We found that the two enrichment methods provided complementary results and identified a total of 160 SPY-TurboID-enriched interactors, including 60 previously identified in the AAL-enriched SPY target list and 100 additional novel interactors. SILIA quantitative proteomics comparing WT and spy-4 mutants showed that SPY affects the protein levels of some of the identified interactors, such as nucleoporin proteins. We expect that our improvement will extend beyond TurboID to benefit other PL systems and hold promise for broader applications in biological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- TaraBryn S Grismer
- Division of biosphere science and engineering, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California, USA
- Carnegie Mass Spectrometry Facility, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Sumudu S Karundasa
- Division of biosphere science and engineering, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Ruben Shrestha
- Division of biosphere science and engineering, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Danbi Byun
- Division of biosphere science and engineering, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Weimin Ni
- Division of biosphere science and engineering, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Andres V Reyes
- Division of biosphere science and engineering, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California, USA
- Carnegie Mass Spectrometry Facility, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Shou-Ling Xu
- Division of biosphere science and engineering, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California, USA
- Carnegie Mass Spectrometry Facility, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California, USA
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Takahashi Y, Shiota M, Fujita A, Yamada I, Aoki-Kinoshita KF. GlyComb: A novel glycoconjugate data repository that bridges glycomics and proteomics. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105624. [PMID: 38176651 PMCID: PMC10850976 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The glycosylation of proteins and lipids is known to be closely related to the mechanisms of various diseases such as influenza, cancer, and muscular dystrophy. Therefore, it has become clear that the analysis of post-translational modifications of proteins, including glycosylation, is important to accurately understand the functions of each protein molecule and the interactions among them. In order to conduct large-scale analyses more efficiently, it is essential to promote the accumulation, sharing, and reuse of experimental and analytical data in accordance with the FAIR (Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, and Re-usability) data principles. However, a FAIR data repository for storing and sharing glycoconjugate information, including glycopeptides and glycoproteins, in a standardized format did not exist. Therefore, we have developed GlyComb (https://glycomb.glycosmos.org) as a new standardized data repository for glycoconjugate data. Currently, GlyComb can assign a unique identifier to a set of glycosylation information associated with a specific peptide sequence or UniProt ID. By standardizing glycoconjugate data via GlyComb identifiers and coordinating with existing web resources such as GlyTouCan and GlycoPOST, a comprehensive system for data submission and data sharing among researchers can be established. Here we introduce how GlyComb is able to integrate the variety of glycoconjugate data already registered in existing data repositories to obtain a better understanding of the available glycopeptides and glycoproteins, and their glycosylation patterns. We also explain how this system can serve as a foundation for a better understanding of glycan function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushi Takahashi
- Department of Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Engineering, Soka University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Shiota
- Glycan and Life Systems Integration Center, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Soka University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Fujita
- Glycan and Life Systems Integration Center, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Soka University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Issaku Yamada
- Laboratory of Glycoinformatics, The Noguchi Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoko F Aoki-Kinoshita
- Department of Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Engineering, Soka University, Tokyo, Japan; Glycan and Life Systems Integration Center, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Soka University, Tokyo, Japan.
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Jiang Y, Curran-French S, Koh SWH, Jamil I, Gu B, Argirò L, Lopez SG, Martins C, Saalbach G, Moubayidin L. O-glycosylation of the transcription factor SPATULA promotes style development in Arabidopsis. NATURE PLANTS 2024; 10:283-299. [PMID: 38278950 PMCID: PMC10881398 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01617-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) and O-fucose are two sugar-based post-translational modifications whose mechanistic role in plant signalling and transcriptional regulation is still largely unknown. Here we investigated how two O-glycosyltransferase enzymes of Arabidopsis thaliana, SPINDLY (SPY) and SECRET AGENT (SEC), promote the activity of the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor SPATULA (SPT) during morphogenesis of the plant female reproductive organ apex, the style. SPY and SEC modify amino-terminal residues of SPT in vivo and in vitro by attaching O-fucose and O-GlcNAc, respectively. This post-translational regulation does not impact SPT homo- and heterodimerization events, although it enhances the affinity of SPT for the kinase PINOID gene locus and its transcriptional repression. Our findings offer a mechanistic example of the effect of O-GlcNAc and O-fucose on the activity of a plant transcription factor and reveal previously unrecognized roles for SEC and SPY in orchestrating style elongation and shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Jiang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Samuel W H Koh
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK
| | - Iqra Jamil
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK
| | - Benguo Gu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK
| | - Luca Argirò
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK
| | - Sergio G Lopez
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK
| | - Carlo Martins
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK
| | - Gerhard Saalbach
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK
| | - Laila Moubayidin
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK.
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Waszczak C, Yarmolinsky D, Leal Gavarrón M, Vahisalu T, Sierla M, Zamora O, Carter R, Puukko T, Sipari N, Lamminmäki A, Durner J, Ernst D, Winkler JB, Paulin L, Auvinen P, Fleming AJ, Andersson MX, Kollist H, Kangasjärvi J. Synthesis and import of GDP-l-fucose into the Golgi affect plant-water relations. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:747-763. [PMID: 37964509 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Land plants evolved multiple adaptations to restrict transpiration. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not sufficiently understood. We used an ozone-sensitivity forward genetics approach to identify Arabidopsis thaliana mutants impaired in gas exchange regulation. High water loss from detached leaves and impaired decrease of leaf conductance in response to multiple stomata-closing stimuli were identified in a mutant of MURUS1 (MUR1), an enzyme required for GDP-l-fucose biosynthesis. High water loss observed in mur1 was independent from stomatal movements and instead could be linked to metabolic defects. Plants defective in import of GDP-l-Fuc into the Golgi apparatus phenocopied the high water loss of mur1 mutants, linking this phenotype to Golgi-localized fucosylation events. However, impaired fucosylation of xyloglucan, N-linked glycans, and arabinogalactan proteins did not explain the aberrant water loss of mur1 mutants. Partial reversion of mur1 water loss phenotype by borate supplementation and high water loss observed in boron uptake mutants link mur1 gas exchange phenotypes to pleiotropic consequences of l-fucose and boron deficiency, which in turn affect mechanical and morphological properties of stomatal complexes and whole-plant physiology. Our work emphasizes the impact of fucose metabolism and boron uptake on plant-water relations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cezary Waszczak
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Marina Leal Gavarrón
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Triin Vahisalu
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maija Sierla
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olena Zamora
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ross Carter
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, CB2 1LR, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tuomas Puukko
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nina Sipari
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Viikki Metabolomics Unit, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Airi Lamminmäki
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jörg Durner
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Dieter Ernst
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - J Barbro Winkler
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lars Paulin
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Petri Auvinen
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andrew J Fleming
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, S10 2TN, Sheffield, UK
| | - Mats X Andersson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hannes Kollist
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jaakko Kangasjärvi
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
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Xu J, Du H, Shi H, Song J, Yu J, Zhou Y. Protein O-glycosylation regulates diverse developmental and defense processes in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:6119-6130. [PMID: 37220091 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications affect protein functions and play key roles in controlling biological processes. Plants have unique types of O-glycosylation that are different from those of animals and prokaryotes, and they play roles in modulating the functions of secretory proteins and nucleocytoplasmic proteins by regulating transcription and mediating localization and degradation. O-glycosylation is complex because of the dozens of different O-glycan types, the widespread existence of hydroxyproline (Hyp), serine (Ser), and threonine (Thr) residues in proteins attached by O-glycans, and the variable modes of linkages connecting the sugars. O-glycosylation specifically affects development and environmental acclimatization by affecting diverse physiological processes. This review describes recent studies on the detection and functioning of protein O-glycosylation in plants, and provides a framework for the O-glycosylation network that underlies plant development and resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xu
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China
| | - Hongyu Du
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China
| | - Huanran Shi
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China
| | - Jianing Song
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China
| | - Jingquan Yu
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572025, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth and Development, Agricultural Ministry of China, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China
| | - Yanhong Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572025, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth and Development, Agricultural Ministry of China, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China
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Zhang Z, Zhong Z, Xiong Y. Sailing in complex nutrient signaling networks: Where I am, where to go, and how to go? MOLECULAR PLANT 2023; 16:1635-1660. [PMID: 37740490 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2023.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
To ensure survival and promote growth, sessile plants have developed intricate internal signaling networks tailored in diverse cells and organs with both shared and specialized functions that respond to various internal and external cues. A fascinating question arises: how can a plant cell or organ diagnose the spatial and temporal information it is experiencing to know "where I am," and then is able to make the accurate specific responses to decide "where to go" and "how to go," despite the absence of neuronal systems found in mammals. Drawing inspiration from recent comprehensive investigations into diverse nutrient signaling pathways in plants, this review focuses on the interactive nutrient signaling networks mediated by various nutrient sensors and transducers. We assess and illustrate examples of how cells and organs exhibit specific responses to changing spatial and temporal information within these interactive plant nutrient networks. In addition, we elucidate the underlying mechanisms by which plants employ posttranslational modification codes to integrate different upstream nutrient signals, thereby conferring response specificities to the signaling hub proteins. Furthermore, we discuss recent breakthrough studies that demonstrate the potential of modulating nutrient sensing and signaling as promising strategies to enhance crop yield, even with reduced fertilizer application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Synthetic Biology Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhaochen Zhong
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Synthetic Biology Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yan Xiong
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Synthetic Biology Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Aizezi Y, Zhao H, Zhang Z, Bi Y, Yang Q, Guo G, Zhang H, Guo H, Jiang K, Wang ZY. Structure-based virtual screening identifies small molecule inhibitors of O-fucosyltransferase SPINDLY. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.13.544843. [PMID: 37398095 PMCID: PMC10312698 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.13.544843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Protein O-glycosylation is a nutrient-signaling mechanism that plays essential roles in maintaining cellular homeostasis across different species. In plants, SPINDLY (SPY) and SECRET AGENT (SEC) catalyze posttranslational modifications of hundreds of intracellular proteins by O-fucose and O-linked N-acetylglucosamine, respectively. SPY and SEC play overlapping roles in cellular regulation and loss of both SPY and SEC causes embryo lethality in Arabidopsis. Using structure-based virtual screening of chemical libraries followed by in vitro and in planta assays, we identified a S PY O - f ucosyltransferase i nhibitor (SOFTI). Computational analyses predicted that SOFTI binds to the GDP-fucose-binding pocket of SPY and competitively inhibits GDP-fucose binding. In vitro assays confirmed that SOFTI interacts with SPY and inhibits its O-fucosyltransferase activity. Docking analysis identified additional SOFTI analogs that showed stronger inhibitory activities. SOFTI treatment of Arabidopsis seedlings decreased protein O-fucosylation and caused phenotypes similar to the spy mutants, including early seed germination, increased root hair density, and defect in sugar-dependent growth. By contrast, SOFTI had no visible effect on the spy mutant. Similarly, SOFTI inhibited sugar-dependent growth of tomato seedlings. These results demonstrate that SOFTI is a specific SPY O-fucosyltransferase inhibitor and a useful chemical tool for functional studies of O-fucosylation and potentially for agricultural management.
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Hendrix S. Sugar and SPY(ce): Large-scale identification of SPINDLY-dependent O-fucosylation targets in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:1285-1287. [PMID: 36739886 PMCID: PMC10118261 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
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