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Yin M, Huang Z, Aslam A, Wang Z, Wang J, Yu Y, Liu J, Zhao D, Zhang Y, Yang X, Zhang R, Shi Q. Genome-wide identification of SAMS gene family in Cucurbitaceae and the role of ClSAMS1 in watermelon tolerance to abiotic stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 211:108708. [PMID: 38733938 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
S-Adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) is widely involved in plant growth, development, and abiotic stress response. SAM synthetase (SAMS) is the key enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of SAM from methionine and ATP. However, the SAMS gene family has not been identified and their functions have not been characterized in most Cucurbitaceae plants. Here, a total of 30 SAMS genes were identified in nine Cucurbitaceae species and they were categorized into 3 subfamilies. Physicochemical properties and gene structure analysis showed that the SAMS protein members are tightly conserved. Further analysis of the cis-regulatory elements (CREs) of SAMS genes' promoter implied their potential roles in stress tolerance. To further understand the molecular functions of SAMS genes, watermelon SAMSs (ClSAMSs) were chosen to analyze the expression patterns in different tissues and under various abiotic stress and hormone responses. Among the investigated genes, ClSAMS1 expression was observed in all tissues and found to be up-regulated by abiotic stresses including salt, cold and drought treatments as well as exogenous hormone treatments including ETH, SA, MeJA and ABA. Furthermore, knockdown of ClSAMS1 via virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) decreased SAM contents in watermelon seedings. The pTRSV2-ClSAMS1 plants showed reduced susceptibility to drought, cold and NaCl stress, indicating a positive role of ClSAMS1 in abiotic stresses tolerance. Those results provided candidate SAMS genes to regulate plant resistance against abiotic stresses in Cucurbitaceae plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Yin
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai' An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Zhan Huang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai' An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Ali Aslam
- Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, Superior University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zimo Wang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai' An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Jianquan Wang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai' An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Yingshan Yu
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai' An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Junjie Liu
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai' An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Deling Zhao
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai' An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai' An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai' An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Ruimin Zhang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai' An, Shandong, 271018, China.
| | - Qinghua Shi
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai' An, Shandong, 271018, China.
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Gao Y, Zhu L, An M, Wang Y, Li S, Dong Y, Yang S, Shi K, Fan S, Chen X, Ren H, Liu X. Zinc Finger-Homeodomain Transcriptional Factors (ZHDs) in Cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.): Identification, Evolution, Expression Profiles, and Function under Abiotic Stresses. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4408. [PMID: 38673993 PMCID: PMC11050092 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is a globally prevalent and extensively cultivated vegetable whose yield is significantly influenced by various abiotic stresses, including drought, heat, and salinity. Transcription factors, such as zinc finger-homeodomain proteins (ZHDs), a plant-specific subgroup of Homeobox, play a crucial regulatory role in stress resistance. In this study, we identified 13 CsZHDs distributed across all six cucumber chromosomes except chromosome 7. Phylogenetic analysis classified these genes into five clades (ZHDI-IV and MIF) with different gene structures but similar conserved motifs. Collinearity analysis revealed that members of clades ZHD III, IV, and MIF experienced amplification through segmental duplication events. Additionally, a closer evolutionary relationship was observed between the ZHDs in Cucumis sativus (C. sativus) and Arabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana) compared to Oryza sativa (O. sativa). Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis demonstrated the general expression of CsZHD genes across all tissues, with notable expression in leaf and flower buds. Moreover, most of the CsZHDs, particularly CsZHD9-11, exhibited varying responses to drought, heat, and salt stresses. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) experiments highlighted the potential functions of CsZHD9 and CsZHD10, suggesting their positive regulation of stomatal movement and responsiveness to drought stress. In summary, these findings provide a valuable resource for future analysis of potential mechanisms underlying CsZHD genes in response to stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Gao
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Liyan Zhu
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Menghang An
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yaru Wang
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Sen Li
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuming Dong
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Songlin Yang
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kexin Shi
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shanshan Fan
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaofeng Chen
- College of Ocean and Agricultural Engineering, Yantai Institute of China Agricultural University, Yantai 264670, China
| | - Huazhong Ren
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Xingwang Liu
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, China
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Wu J, Zhang Y, Li F, Zhang X, Ye J, Wei T, Li Z, Tao X, Cui F, Wang X, Zhang L, Yan F, Li S, Liu Y, Li D, Zhou X, Li Y. Plant virology in the 21st century in China: Recent advances and future directions. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 66:579-622. [PMID: 37924266 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Plant viruses are a group of intracellular pathogens that persistently threaten global food security. Significant advances in plant virology have been achieved by Chinese scientists over the last 20 years, including basic research and technologies for preventing and controlling plant viral diseases. Here, we review these milestones and advances, including the identification of new crop-infecting viruses, dissection of pathogenic mechanisms of multiple viruses, examination of multilayered interactions among viruses, their host plants, and virus-transmitting arthropod vectors, and in-depth interrogation of plant-encoded resistance and susceptibility determinants. Notably, various plant virus-based vectors have also been successfully developed for gene function studies and target gene expression in plants. We also recommend future plant virology studies in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Vector-borne Virus Research Center, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fangfang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jian Ye
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Taiyun Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Vector-borne Virus Research Center, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Zhenghe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaorong Tao
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Feng Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xianbing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Fei Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Shifang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yule Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Dawei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xueping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Vector-borne Virus Research Center, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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4
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Fang L, Geng C, Wei XY, Dong CC, Pang JP, Yan ZY, Jiang J, Tian YP, Li XD. Potato virus Y viral protein 6K1 inhibits the interaction between defense proteins during virus infection. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 194:1447-1466. [PMID: 37962935 PMCID: PMC10904343 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
14-3-3 proteins play vital roles in plant defense against various pathogen invasions. To date, how 14-3-3 affects virus infections in plants remains largely unclear. In this study, we found that Nicotiana benthamiana 14-3-3h interacts with TRANSLATIONALLY CONTROLLED TUMOR PROTEIN (TCTP), a susceptibility factor of potato virus Y (PVY). Silencing of Nb14-3-3h facilitates PVY accumulation, whereas overexpression of Nb14-3-3h inhibits PVY replication. The antiviral activities of 3 Nb14-3-3h dimerization defective mutants are significantly decreased, indicating that dimerization of Nb14-3-3h is indispensable for restricting PVY infection. Our results also showed that the mutant Nb14-3-3hE16A, which is capable of dimerizing but not interacting with NbTCTP, has reduced anti-PVY activity; the mutant NbTCTPI65A, which is unable to interact with Nb14-3-3h, facilitates PVY replication compared with the wild-type NbTCTP, indicating that dimeric Nb14-3-3h restricts PVY infection by interacting with NbTCTP and preventing its proviral function. As a counter-defense, PVY 6K1 interferes with the interaction between Nb14-3-3h and NbTCTP by competitively binding to Nb14-3-3h and rescues NbTCTP to promote PVY infection. Our results provide insights into the arms race between plants and potyviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Fang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250131, China
| | - Chao Geng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Xin-Yu Wei
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Chen-Chen Dong
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Ju-Ping Pang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Yan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Yan-Ping Tian
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Xiang-Dong Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250131, China
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5
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Liu W, Zheng T, Qiu L, Guo X, Li P, Yong X, Li L, Ahmad S, Wang J, Cheng T, Zhang Q. A 49-bp deletion of PmAP2L results in a double flower phenotype in Prunus mume. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhad278. [PMID: 38371636 PMCID: PMC10873580 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The double flower is an important trait with substantial ornamental value. While mutations in PETALOSA TOE-type or AG (AGAMOUS) genes play a crucial role in enhancing petal number in ornamental plants, the complete mechanism underlying the formation of double flowers remains to be fully elucidated. Through the application of bulked segregant analysis (BSA), we identified a novel gene, APETALA2-like (PmAP2L), characterized by a 49-bp deletion in double-flowered Prunus mume. β-Glucuronidase (GUS) staining and luciferase reporter assays confirmed that the 49-bp deletion in PmAP2L reduced its binding with Pmu-miRNA172a. Phylogenetic analysis and microsynteny analysis suggested that PmAP2L was not a PETALOSA TOE-type gene, and it might be a new gene controlling the formation of double flower in P. mume. Subsequently, overexpression of PmAP2L-D in tobacco led to a significant rise in the number of stamens and the conversion of stamens to petals. Furthermore, silencing of the homologue of RC5G0530900 in rose significantly reduced the number of petals. Using transient gene expression in P. mume flower buds, we determined the functional differences between PmAP2L-D and PmAP2-S in controlling flower development. Meanwhile, DNA-affinity purification sequencing (DAP-seq), yeast hybrid assays and luciferase reporter assays indicated that PmAP2L negatively regulated the floral organ identity genes by forming a repressor complex with PmTPL and PmHDA6/19. Overall, these findings indicate that the variation in PmAP2L is associated with differences in the regulation of genes responsible for floral organ identity, providing new insights into the double-flower trait and double-flower breeding in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichao Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Tangchun Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Like Qiu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Yong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Lulu Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Sagheer Ahmad
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Tangren Cheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Qixiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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6
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He Z, Sheng S, Wang L, Dong T, Zhang K, Li L. Cucumber mosaic virus-induced gene and microRNA silencing in water dropwort (Oenanthe javanica (Blume) DC). PLANT METHODS 2024; 20:6. [PMID: 38212839 PMCID: PMC10782793 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-023-01129-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Water dropwort (Oenanthe javanica (Blume) DC), an aquatic perennial plant from the Apiaceae family, rich in dietary fibert, vitamins, and minerals. It usually grows in wet soils and water. Despite accumulating the transcriptomic data, gene function research on water dropwort is still far behind than that of the other crops. The cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) induced gene silencing was established to study the functions of gene and microRNA (miRNA) in the water dropwort. CMV Fast New York strain (CMV-Fny) genomic RNAs 1, 2, and 3 were individually cloned into pCB301 vectors. We deleted part of the ORF 2b region and introduced recognition sites. A CMV-induced gene silencing vector was employed to suppress the expression of endogenous genes, including phytoene desaturase (PDS). In order to assess the efficacy of gene silencing, we also cloned conserved sequence of gibberellin insensitive dwarf (GID1) cDNA sequences into the vector and inoculated the water dropwort. The height of CMV-GID1-infected plants was marginally reduced as a result of GID1 gene silencing, and their leaves were noticeably longer and thinner. Additionally, we also used a CMV-induced silencing vector to analyze the roles of endogenous miRNAs. We used a short tandem target mimic approach to clone miR319 and miR396 from water dropwort into the CMV vector. Plants with CMV-miRNA infection were driven to exhibit the distinctive phenotypes. We anticipate that functional genomic research on water dropwort will be facilitated by the CMV-induced gene silencing technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen He
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Wenhui East Road No.48, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangyu Sheng
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingqi Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Dong
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Wenhui East Road No.48, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liangjun Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Li L, Zhang X, Ding F, Hou J, Wang J, Luo R, Mao W, Li X, Zhu H, Yang L, Li Y, Hu J. Genome-wide identification of the melon (Cucumis melo L.) response regulator gene family and functional analysis of CmRR6 and CmPRR3 in response to cold stress. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 292:154160. [PMID: 38147808 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.154160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
The response regulator (RR) gene family play crucial roles in cytokinin signal transduction, plant development, and resistance to abiotic stress. However, there are no reports on the identification and functional characterization of RR genes in melon. In this study, a total of 18 CmRRs were identified and classified into type A, type B, and clock PRRs, based on phylogenetic analysis. Most of the CmRRs displayed tissue-specific expression patterns, and some were induced by cold stress according to two RNA-seq datasets. The expression patterns of CmRR2/6/11/15 and CmPRR2/3 under cold treatment were confirmed by qRT-PCR. Subcellular localization assays indicated that CmRR6 and CmPRR3 were primarily localized in the nucleus and chloroplast. Furthermore, when either CmRR6 or CmPRR3 were silenced using tobacco ringspot virus (TRSV), the cold tolerance of the virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) melon plants were significantly enhanced, as evidenced by measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence, ion leakage, reactive oxygen, proline, and malondialdehyde levels. Additionally, the expression levels of CmCBF1, CmCBF2, and CmCBF3 were significantly increased in CmRR6-silenced and CmPRR3-silenced plants under cold treatment. Our findings suggest that CmRRs contribute to cold stress responses and provide new insights for further pursuing the molecular mechanisms underlying CmRRs-mediated cold tolerance in melon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Li
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Xiuyue Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Fei Ding
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Juan Hou
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China; Research Center of Cucurbit Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Jiyu Wang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Renren Luo
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Wenwen Mao
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China; Research Center of Cucurbit Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Xiang Li
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China; International Joint Laboratory of Henan Horticultural Crop Biology, Pingan Avenue 218, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Huayu Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China; International Joint Laboratory of Henan Horticultural Crop Biology, Pingan Avenue 218, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Luming Yang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China; International Joint Laboratory of Henan Horticultural Crop Biology, Pingan Avenue 218, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Jianbin Hu
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China; Research Center of Cucurbit Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
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8
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Chen C, Du M, Wang Y, Zhou X, Yang X. Molecular identification and development of an infectious cDNA clone of Trichosanthes kirilowii-infecting cucurbit mild mosaic virus. Virology 2023; 588:109891. [PMID: 37826911 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.109891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Trichosanthes kirilowii has been mainly grown for use in traditional Chinese medicine. In this study, cucurbit mild mosaic virus (CuMMV) belonging to the genus Fabavirus was identified from T. kirilowii plants. CuMMV possesses a segmented, bipartite linear single-stranded RNA genome composed of RNA1 and RNA2. Sequence analysis showed that each genomic segment shares the highest sequence similarity with those of CuMMV isolated from pumpkin. A full-length infectious cDNA clone of CuMMV was further constructed and was found to induce typical symptoms in T. kirilowii, Cucumis sativus, C. melo, Citrullus lanatus, and Cucurbita pepo. The sap inoculum derived from the infectious cDNA clone of CuMMV could be mechanically transmitted and reproduce similar symptoms in the tested plants. This is the first report on the construction of a biologically active, full-length infectious cDNA clone of CuMMV, which will provide a useful tool in understanding CuMMV-encoded proteins and plant-CuMMV interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China; Institute of Plant Protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Science, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Du
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yaqin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xueping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xiuling Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
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9
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Qi X, Mo Q, Li J, Zi Z, Xu M, Yue S, Zhao H, Zhu H, Wang G. Establishment of virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) system in Luffa acutangula using Phytoene desaturase (PDS) and tendril synthesis related gene (TEN). PLANT METHODS 2023; 19:94. [PMID: 37653449 PMCID: PMC10470258 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-023-01064-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is a reverse genetics technology that can efficiently and rapidly identify plant gene functions. Although a variety of VIGS vectors have been successfully used in plants, only a few reports on VIGS technology in Luffa exist. RESULTS In the present study, a new cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV)-based VIGS vector, pV190, was applied to establish the CGMMV-VIGS to investigate the feasibility of the silencing system for Luffa. Phytoene desaturase (PDS) gene was initially selected as a VIGS marker gene to construct a recombinant vector. Plants infected with Agrobacterium harboring pV190-PDS successfully induced effective silencing in Luffa, and an effective gene silencing phenotype with obvious photobleaching was observed. To further validate the efficiency, we selected TEN for gene-silencing, which encodes a CYC/TB1-like transcription factor and is involved in tendril development. Luffa plants inoculated with the pV190-TEN exhibited shorter tendril length and nodal positions where tendrils appear are higher compared to those of non-inoculated plants. RT-qPCR showed that the expression levels of PDS and TEN were significantly reduced in the CGMMV-VIGS plants. Moreover, we evaluated the CGMMV-VIGS efficiency in three cucurbits, including cucumber, ridge gourd, and bottle gourd. CONCLUSION We successfully established a CGMMV-based VIGS system on ridge gourd and used marker genes to identify the feasibility of the silencing system in Luffa leaves and stems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Qi
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiaoping Mo
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
- College of Plant Science, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Tibet, 860000, Nyingchi, China
| | - Zhibo Zi
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Mengyun Xu
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Suju Yue
- College of Life Sciences, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongbo Zhao
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Haisheng Zhu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Vegetable Genetics and Breeding/Crops Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian, 350013, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Guoping Wang
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.
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10
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Feng Z, Sun L, Dong M, Fan S, Shi K, Qu Y, Zhu L, Shi J, Wang W, Liu Y, Song L, Weng Y, Liu X, Ren H. Novel players in organogenesis and flavonoid biosynthesis in cucumber glandular trichomes. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023:kiad236. [PMID: 37099480 PMCID: PMC10400037 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Glandular trichomes (GTs) are outgrowths of plant epidermal cells that secrete and store specialized secondary metabolites that protect plants against biotic and abiotic stresses and have economic importance for human use. While extensive work has been done to understand the molecular mechanisms of trichome organogenesis in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), which forms unicellular, non-glandular trichomes (NGTs), little is known about the mechanisms of GT development or regulation of secondary metabolites in plants with multicellular GTs. Here, we identified and functionally characterized genes associated with GT organogenesis and secondary metabolism in GTs of cucumber (Cucumis sativus). We developed a method for effective separation and isolation of cucumber GTs and NGTs. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses showed that flavonoid accumulation in cucumber GTs is positively associated with increased expression of related biosynthesis genes. We identified 67 GT development-related genes, the functions of 7 of which were validated by virus-induced gene silencing. We further validated the role of cucumber ECERIFERUM1 (CsCER1) in GT organogenesis by overexpression and RNA interference transgenic approaches. We further show that the transcription factor TINY BRANCHED HAIR (CsTBH) serves as a central regulator of flavonoid biosynthesis in cucumber glandular trichomes. Work from this study provides insight into the development of secondary metabolite biosynthesis in multi-cellular glandular trichomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxuan Feng
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mingming Dong
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shanshan Fan
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kexin Shi
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yixin Qu
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Liyan Zhu
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jinfeng Shi
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wujun Wang
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yihan Liu
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Liyan Song
- Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Qingxian in Hebei Province, Qingxian 062650, China
| | - Yiqun Weng
- USDA-ARS, Vegetable Crops Research Unit, Horticulture Department, University of Wisconsin, 1575 Linden Dr., Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Xingwang Liu
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, Hainan 572019, China
- Engineering Research Center of Breeding and Propagation of Horticultural Crops, Ministry on Education, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huazhong Ren
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, Hainan 572019, China
- Engineering Research Center of Breeding and Propagation of Horticultural Crops, Ministry on Education, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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11
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Feng Z, Sun L, Dong M, Fan S, Shi K, Qu Y, Zhu L, Shi J, Wang W, Liu Y, Chen X, Weng Y, Liu X, Ren H. Identification and Functional Characterization of CsMYCs in Cucumber Glandular Trichome Development. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076435. [PMID: 37047408 PMCID: PMC10094329 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Glandular trichomes (GTs), specialized structures formed by the differentiation of plant epidermal cells, are known to play important roles in the resistance of plants to external biotic and abiotic stresses. These structures are capable of storing and secreting secondary metabolites, which often have important agricultural and medicinal values. In order to better understand the molecular developmental mechanisms of GTs, studies have been conducted in a variety of crops, including tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), sweetworm (Artemisia annua), and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). The MYC transcription factor of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor family has been found to play an important role in GT development. In this study, a total of 13 cucumber MYC transcription factors were identified in the cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) genome. After performing phylogenetic analyses and conserved motifs on the 13 CsMYCs in comparison to previously reported MYC transcription factors that regulate trichome development, seven candidate MYC transcription factors were selected. Through virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS), CsMYC2 is found to negatively regulate GT formation while CsMYC4, CsMYC5, CsMYC6, CsMYC7, and CsMYC8 are found to positively regulate GT formation. Furthermore, the two master effector genes, CsMYC2 and CsMYC7, are observed to have similar expression patterns indicating that they co-regulate the balance of GT development in an antagonistic way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxuan Feng
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mingming Dong
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shanshan Fan
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kexin Shi
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yixin Qu
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Liyan Zhu
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jinfeng Shi
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wujun Wang
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yihan Liu
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaofeng Chen
- Yantai Institute, China Agricultural University, Yantai 264670, China
| | - Yiqun Weng
- USDA-ARS, Vegetable Crops Research Unit, Horticulture Department, University of Wisconsin, 1575 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Xingwang Liu
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Sanya Institute, China Agricultural University, Sanya 572019, China
- Engineering Research Center of Breeding and Propagation of Horticultural Crops, Ministry on Education, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huazhong Ren
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Sanya Institute, China Agricultural University, Sanya 572019, China
- Engineering Research Center of Breeding and Propagation of Horticultural Crops, Ministry on Education, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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12
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Zhang X, Li S, Li X, Song M, Ma S, Tian Y, Gao L. Peat-based hairy root transformation using Rhizobium rhizogenes as a rapid and efficient tool for easily exploring potential genes related to root-knot nematode parasitism and host response. PLANT METHODS 2023; 19:22. [PMID: 36871001 PMCID: PMC9985853 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-023-01003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) pose a worldwide threat to agriculture of many crops including cucumber. Genetic transformation (GT) has emerged as a powerful tool for exploration of plant-RKN interactions and genetic improvement of RKN resistance. However, it is usually difficult to achieve a highly efficient and stable GT protocol for most crops due to the complexity of this process. RESULTS Here we firstly applied the hairy root transformation system in exploring root-RKN interactions in cucumber plants and developed a rapid and efficient tool transformation using Rhizobium rhizogenes strain K599. A solid-medium-based hypocotyl-cutting infection (SHI) method, a rockwool-based hypocotyl-cutting infection (RHI) method, and a peat-based cotyledon-node injection (PCI) method was evaluated for their ability to induce transgenic roots in cucumber plants. The PCI method generally outperformed the SHI and RHI methods for stimulating more transgenic roots and evaluating the phenotype of roots during nematode parasitism. Using the PCI method, we generated the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated malate synthase (MS) gene (involved in biotic stress responses) knockout plant and the LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES-DOMAIN 16 (LBD16, a potential host susceptibility gene for RKN) promoter-driven GUS expressing plant. Knockout of MS in hairy roots resulted in effective resistance against RKNs, while nematode infection induced a strong expression of LBD16-driven GUS in root galls. This is the first report of a direct link between these genes and RKN performance in cucumber. CONCLUSION Taken together, the present study demonstrates that the PCI method allows fast, easy and efficient in vivo studies of potential genes related to root-knot nematode parasitism and host response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan Xilu, Yuanmingyuan West Road No.2, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Shihui Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan Xilu, Yuanmingyuan West Road No.2, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan Xilu, Yuanmingyuan West Road No.2, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyuan Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan Xilu, Yuanmingyuan West Road No.2, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Si Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan Xilu, Yuanmingyuan West Road No.2, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqiang Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan Xilu, Yuanmingyuan West Road No.2, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lihong Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan Xilu, Yuanmingyuan West Road No.2, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Jin Y, Wang B, Bao M, Li Y, Xiao S, Wang Y, Zhang J, Zhao L, Zhang H, Hsu YH, Li M, Gu L. Development of an efficient expression system with large cargo capacity for interrogation of gene function in bamboo based on bamboo mosaic virus. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 36794821 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Bamboo is one of the fastest growing plants among monocotyledonous species and is grown extensively in subtropical regions. Although bamboo has high economic value and produces much biomass quickly, gene functional research is hindered by the low efficiency of genetic transformation in this species. We therefore explored the potential of a bamboo mosaic virus (BaMV)-mediated expression system to investigate genotype-phenotype associations. We determined that the sites between the triple gene block proteins (TGBps) and the coat protein (CP) of BaMV are the most efficient insertion sites for the expression of exogenous genes in both monopodial and sympodial bamboo species. Moreover, we validated this system by individually overexpressing the two endogenous genes ACE1 and DEC1, which resulted in the promotion and suppression of internode elongation, respectively. In particular, this system was able to drive the expression of three 2A-linked betalain biosynthesis genes (more than 4 kb in length) to produce betalain, indicating that it has high cargo capacity and may provide the prerequisite basis for the development of a DNA-free bamboo genome editing platform in the future. Since BaMV can infect multiple bamboo species, we anticipate that the system described in this study will greatly contribute to gene function research and further promote the molecular breeding of bamboo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yandong Jin
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Baijie Wang
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Mingchuan Bao
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yujie Li
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Shengwu Xiao
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yuhua Wang
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Liangzhen Zhao
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, School of Future Technology, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Hangxiao Zhang
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, School of Future Technology, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yau-Heiu Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, China
| | - Mingjie Li
- College of crop science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Lianfeng Gu
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, School of Future Technology, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
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14
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Othman SMIS, Mustaffa AF, Che-Othman MH, Samad AFA, Goh HH, Zainal Z, Ismail I. Overview of Repressive miRNA Regulation by Short Tandem Target Mimic (STTM): Applications and Impact on Plant Biology. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:669. [PMID: 36771753 PMCID: PMC9918958 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The application of miRNA mimic technology for silencing mature miRNA began in 2007. This technique originated from the discovery of the INDUCED BY PHOSPHATE STARVATION 1 (IPS1) gene, which was found to be a competitive mimic that prevents the cleavage of the targeted mRNA by miRNA inhibition at the post-transcriptional level. To date, various studies have been conducted to understand the molecular mimic mechanism and to improve the efficiency of this technology. As a result, several mimic tools have been developed: target mimicry (TM), short tandem target mimic (STTM), and molecular sponges (SPs). STTM is the most-developed tool due to its stability and effectiveness in decoying miRNA. This review discusses the application of STTM technology on the loss-of-function studies of miRNA and members from diverse plant species. A modified STTM approach for studying the function of miRNA with spatial-temporal expression under the control of specific promoters is further explored. STTM technology will enhance our understanding of the miRNA activity in plant-tissue-specific development and stress responses for applications in improving plant traits via miRNA regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Muhammad Iqbal Syed Othman
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Arif Faisal Mustaffa
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M. Hafiz Che-Othman
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Fatah A. Samad
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Hoe-Han Goh
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zamri Zainal
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ismanizan Ismail
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
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15
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Zhang A, Zhang S, Wang F, Meng X, Ma Y, Guan J, Zhang F. The roles of microRNAs in horticultural plant disease resistance. Front Genet 2023; 14:1137471. [PMID: 36923786 PMCID: PMC10009157 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1137471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of the horticultural industry is largely limited by disease and excessive pesticide application. MicroRNAs constitute a major portion of the transcriptomes of eukaryotes. Various microRNAs have been recognized as important regulators of the expression of genes involved in essential biological processes throughout the whole life cycle of plants. Recently, small RNA sequencing has been applied to study gene regulation in horticultural plants. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the biogenesis and contributions of microRNAs in horticultural plant disease resistance. These microRNAs may potentially be used as genetic resources for improving disease resistance and for molecular breeding. The challenges in understanding horticultural plant microRNA biology and the possibilities to make better use of these horticultural plant gene resources in the future are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shunshun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xianmin Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Ma
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiantao Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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16
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Scion-to-Rootstock Mobile Transcription Factor CmHY5 Positively Modulates the Nitrate Uptake Capacity of Melon Scion Grafted on Squash Rootstock. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010162. [PMID: 36613606 PMCID: PMC9820822 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
It is generally recognized that the root uptake capacity of grafted plants strongly depends on the rootstocks' well-developed root system. However, we found that grafted plants showed different nitrate uptake capacities when different varieties of oriental melon scion were grafted onto the same squash rootstock, suggesting that the scion regulated the nitrate uptake capacity of the rootstock root. In this study, we estimated the nitrate uptake capacity of grafted plants with the different oriental melon varieties' seedlings grafted onto the same squash rootstocks. The results indicated a significant difference in the nitrate uptake rate and activity of two heterologous grafting plants. We also showed a significant difference in CmoNRT2.1 expression in the roots of two grafting combinations and verified the positive regulation of nitrate uptake by CmoNRT2.1 expression. In addition, the two varieties of oriental melon scion had highly significant differences in CmHY5 expression, which was transported to the rootstock and positively induced CmoHY5-1 and CmoHY5-2 expression in the rootstock roots. Meanwhile, CmHY5 could positively regulate CmoNRT2.1 expression in the rootstock roots. Furthermore, CmoHY5-1 and CmoHY5-2 also positively regulated CmoNRT2.1 expression, respectively, and CmoHY5-1 dominated the positive regulation of CmoNRT2.1, while CmHY5 could interact with CmoHY5-1 and CmoHY5-2, respectively, to jointly regulate CmoNRT2.1 expression. The oriental melon scion regulated the nitrate uptake capacity of the melon/squash grafting plant roots, and the higher expression of CmHY5 in the oriental melon scion leaves, the more substantial the nitrate uptake capacity of squash rootstock roots.
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Bartholomew ES, Xu S, Zhang Y, Yin S, Feng Z, Chen S, Sun L, Yang S, Wang Y, Liu P, Ren H, Liu X. A chitinase CsChi23 promoter polymorphism underlies cucumber resistance against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:1471-1486. [PMID: 36068958 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium wilt disease, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum (Foc), leads to widespread yield loss and quality decline in cucumber. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying Foc resistance remain poorly understood. We report the mapping and functional characterisation of CsChi23, encoding a cucumber class I chitinase with antifungal properties. We assessed sequence variations at CsChi23 and the associated defence response against Foc. We functionally characterised CsChi23 using transgenic assay and expression analysis. The mechanism regulating CsChi23 expression was assessed by genetic and molecular approaches. CsChi23 was induced by Foc infection, which led to rapid upregulation in resistant cucumber lines. Overexpressing CsChi23 enhanced fusarium wilt resistance and reduced fungal biomass accumulation, whereas silencing CsChi23 causes loss of resistance. CsHB15, a homeodomain leucine zipper (HD-Zip) III transcription factor, was found to bind to the CsChi23 promoter region and activate its expression. Furthermore, silencing of CsHB15 reduces CsChi23 expression. A single-nucleotide polymorphism variation -400 bp upstream of CsChi23 abolished the HD-Zip III binding site in a susceptible cucumber line. Collectively, our study indicates that CsChi23 is sufficient to enhance fusarium wilt resistance and reveals a novel function of an HD-Zip III transcription factor in regulating chitinase expression in cucumber defence against fusarium wilt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezra S Bartholomew
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shuo Xu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yaqi Zhang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shuai Yin
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhongxuan Feng
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shuyinq Chen
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lei Sun
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Songlin Yang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Heze Agricultural and Rural Bureau, No. 1021 Shuanghe Road, Mudan District, Heze City, Shandong, 274000, China
| | - Peng Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Huazhong Ren
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Engineering Research Center of Breeding and Propagation of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of National Education, Beijing, 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xingwang Liu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Engineering Research Center of Breeding and Propagation of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of National Education, Beijing, 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Beijing, 100193, China
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18
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Bi X, Guo H, Li X, Zheng L, An M, Xia Z, Wu Y. A novel strategy for improving watermelon resistance to cucumber green mottle mosaic virus by exogenous boron application. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2022; 23:1361-1380. [PMID: 35671152 PMCID: PMC9366068 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mode controlling cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV)-induced watermelon blood flesh disease (WBFD) is largely unknown. In this study, we have found that application of exogenous boron suppressed CGMMV infection in watermelon fruit and alleviated WBFD symptoms. Our transcriptome analysis showed that the most up-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were associated with polyamine and auxin biosynthesis, abscisic acid catabolism, defence-related pathways, cell wall modification, and energy and secondary metabolism, while the down-regulated DEGs were mostly involved in ethylene biosynthesis, cell wall catabolism, and plasma membrane functions. Our virus-induced gene silencing results showed that silencing of SPDS expression in watermelon resulted in a higher putrescine content and an inhibited CGMMV infection correlating with no WBFD symptoms. SBT and TUBB1 were also required for CGMMV infection. In contrast, silencing of XTH23 and PE/PEI7 (low-level lignin, cellulose and pectin) and ATPS1 (low-level glutathione) promoted CGMMV accumulation. Furthermore, RAP2-3, MYB6, WRKY12, H2A, and DnaJ11 are likely to participate in host antiviral resistance. In addition, a higher (spermidine + spermine):putrescine ratio, malondialdehyde content, and lactic acid content were responsible for fruit decay and acidification. Our results provide new knowledge on the roles of boron in watermelon resistance to CGMMV-induced WBFD. This new knowledge can be used to design better control methods for CGMMV in the field and to breed CGMMV resistant watermelon and other cucurbit crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Bi
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant ProtectionShenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Huiyan Guo
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant ProtectionShenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant ProtectionShenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyangChina
- Centre for Biological Disaster Prevention and ControlNational Forestry and Grassland AdministrationShenyangChina
| | - Lijiao Zheng
- Xinmin City Agricultural Technology Extension CentreShenyangChina
| | - Mengnan An
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant ProtectionShenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Zihao Xia
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant ProtectionShenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Yuanhua Wu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant ProtectionShenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyangChina
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19
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Zhou P, Dang J, Shi Z, Shao Y, Sang M, Dai S, Yue W, Liu C, Wu Q. Identification and characterization of a novel gene involved in glandular trichome development in Nepeta tenuifolia. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:936244. [PMID: 35968082 PMCID: PMC9372485 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.936244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nepeta tenuifolia is a medicinal plant rich in terpenoids and flavonoids with antiviral, immunoregulatory, and anti-inflammatory activities. The peltate glandular trichome (PGT) is a multicellular structure considered to be the primary storage organ for monoterpenes; it may serve as an ideal model for studying cell differentiation and the development of glandular trichomes (GTs). The genes that regulate the development of GTs have not yet been well studied. In this study, we identified NtMIXTA1, a GT development-associated gene from the R2R3 MYB SBG9 family. NtMIXTA1 overexpression in tobacco resulted in the production of longer and denser GTs. Virus-induced gene silencing of NtMIXTA1 resulted in lower PGT density, a significant reduction in monoterpene concentration, and the decreased expression of genes related to monoterpene biosynthesis. Comparative transcriptome and widely targeted metabolic analyses revealed that silencing NtMIXTA1 significantly influenced the expression of genes, and the production of metabolites involved in the biosynthesis of terpenoids, flavonoids, and lipids. This study provides a solid foundation describing a mechanism underlying the regulation of GT development. In addition, this study further deepens our understanding of the regulatory networks involved in GT development and GT development-associated metabolite flux, as well as provides valuable reference data for studying plants with a high medicinal value without genetic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peina Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingjie Dang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
| | - Zunrui Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongfang Shao
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengru Sang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
| | - Shilin Dai
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Yue
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
| | - Chanchan Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qinan Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing, China
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20
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Dong Z, Zhan B, Li S. Selection and Validation of Reference Genes for Gene Expression Studies Using Quantitative Real-Time PCR in Prunus Necrotic Ringspot Virus-Infected Cucumis sativus. Viruses 2022; 14:v14061269. [PMID: 35746740 PMCID: PMC9227502 DOI: 10.3390/v14061269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Several members of the genus Ilarvirus infect fruit trees and are distributed worldwide. Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV) is one of the most prevalent viruses, causing significant losses. Cucumissativus can be infected by several ilarviruses, leading to obvious symptoms, including PNRSV, which suggests that cucumbers could be good hosts for the study of the pathogenesis of ilarviruses. Real-time quantitative PCR is an optimal choice for studying gene expression because of its simplicity and its fast and high sensitivity, while its accuracy is highly dependent on the stability of the reference genes. In this study, we assessed the stability of eleven reference genes with geNorm, NormFinder, ΔCt method, BestKeeper, and the ranking software, RefFinder. The results indicated that the combined use of EF1α and F-BOX was the most accurate normalization method. In addition, the host genes AGO1, AGO4, and RDR6 were selected to test the reliability of the reference genes. This study provides useful information for gene expression analysis during PNRSV infection and will facilitate gene expression studies associated with ilarvirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfei Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China;
- Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Binhui Zhan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China;
- Correspondence: (B.Z.); (S.L.)
| | - Shifang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China;
- Correspondence: (B.Z.); (S.L.)
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21
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Dong M, Xue S, Bartholomew ES, Zhai X, Sun L, Xu S, Zhang Y, Yin S, Ma W, Chen S, Feng Z, Geng C, Li X, Liu X, Ren H. Transcriptomic and functional analysis provides molecular insights into multicellular trichome development. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:301-314. [PMID: 35171294 PMCID: PMC9070826 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Trichomes, the hair-like structures located on aerial parts of most vascular plants, are associated with a wide array of biological processes and affect the economic value of certain species. The processes involved in unicellular trichome formation have been well-studied in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). However, our understanding of the morphological changes and the underlying molecular processes involved in multicellular trichome development is limited. Here, we studied the dynamic developmental processes involved in glandular and nonglandular multicellular trichome formation in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) and divided these processes into five sequential stages. To gain insights into the underlying mechanisms of multicellular trichome formation, we performed a time-course transcriptome analysis using RNA-sequencing analysis. A total of 711 multicellular trichome-related genes were screened and a model for multicellular trichome formation was developed. The transcriptome and co-expression datasets were validated by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and in situ hybridization. In addition, virus-induced gene silencing analysis revealed that CsHOMEOBOX3 (CsHOX3) and CsbHLH1 are involved in nonglandular trichome elongation and glandular trichome formation, respectively, which corresponds with the transcriptome data. This study presents a transcriptome atlas that provides insights into the molecular processes involved in multicellular trichome formation in cucumber and can be an important resource for future functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Dong
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shudan Xue
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ezra S Bartholomew
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xuling Zhai
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shuo Xu
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yaqi Zhang
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shuai Yin
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenyue Ma
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shuying Chen
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhongxuan Feng
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chao Geng
- Department of Plant Pathology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Xiangdong Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
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22
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Huang X, Xia R, Liu Y. microRNA mediated regulation in fruit quality. Curr Opin Food Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2022.100837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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23
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Geng S, Sohail H, Cao H, Sun J, Chen Z, Zhou L, Wang W, Ye R, Yang L, Bie Z. An efficient root transformation system for CRISPR/Cas9-based analyses of shoot-root communication in cucurbit crops. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhab082. [PMID: 35048110 PMCID: PMC9071382 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhab082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Cucurbit crops are suitable models for studying long-distance signaling in horticultural plants. Although thousands of substances are graft transmissible in cucurbits, functional studies have been hampered by the lack of efficient genetic transformation systems. Here, we report a convenient and efficient root transformation method for several cucurbit crops that will facilitate studies of functional genes and shoot-root crosstalk. We obtained healthy plants with completely transformed roots and non-transgenic shoots within 6 weeks. Furthermore, we combined this root transformation method with grafting, which allowed for gene manipulation in the rootstock. We validated our system by exploring salt tolerance mechanisms using a cucumber (Cucumis sativus)/pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch.) (scion/rootstock) graft in which the sodium transporter gene High-affinity K+ transporter1 (CmoHKT1;1) was edited in the pumpkin rootstock, and by overexpressing the pumpkin tonoplast Na+/H+ antiporter gene Sodium hydrogen exchanger4 (CmoNHX4) in cucumber roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouyu Geng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hamza Sohail
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Haishun Cao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Institute of Facility Agriculture, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jingyu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lijian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wenbo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Runwen Ye
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Li Yang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhilong Bie
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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