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Tsuji H, Sato M. The Function of Florigen in the Vegetative-to-Reproductive Phase Transition in and around the Shoot Apical Meristem. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 65:322-337. [PMID: 38179836 PMCID: PMC11020210 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcae001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Plants undergo a series of developmental phases throughout their life-cycle, each characterized by specific processes. Three critical features distinguish these phases: the arrangement of primordia (phyllotaxis), the timing of their differentiation (plastochron) and the characteristics of the lateral organs and axillary meristems. Identifying the unique molecular features of each phase, determining the molecular triggers that cause transitions and understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying these transitions are keys to gleaning a complete understanding of plant development. During the vegetative phase, the shoot apical meristem (SAM) facilitates continuous leaf and stem formation, with leaf development as the hallmark. The transition to the reproductive phase induces significant changes in these processes, driven mainly by the protein FT (FLOWERING LOCUS T) in Arabidopsis and proteins encoded by FT orthologs, which are specified as 'florigen'. These proteins are synthesized in leaves and transported to the SAM, and act as the primary flowering signal, although its impact varies among species. Within the SAM, florigen integrates with other signals, culminating in developmental changes. This review explores the central question of how florigen induces developmental phase transition in the SAM. Future research may combine phase transition studies, potentially revealing the florigen-induced developmental phase transition in the SAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Tsuji
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Moeko Sato
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
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Sun Z, Mei T, Tan X, Feng T, Li R, Duan S, Zhao H, Ye Y, Liu B, Zhou A, Ai H, Huang X. The ldp1 Mutation Affects the Expression of Auxin-Related Genes and Enhances SAM Size in Rice. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:759. [PMID: 38592751 PMCID: PMC10975181 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Panicle type is one of the important factors affecting rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield, and the identification of regulatory genes in panicle development can provide significant insights into the molecular network involved. This study identified a large and dense panicle 1 (ldp1) mutant produced from the Wuyunjing 7 (WYJ7) genotype, which displayed significant relative increases in panicle length, number of primary and secondary branches, number of grains per panicle, grain width, and grain yield per plant. Scanning electron microscopy results showed that the shoot apical meristem (SAM) of ldp1 was relatively larger at the bract stage (BM), with a significantly increased number of primary (PBM) and secondary branch (SBM) meristematic centers, indicating that the ldp1 mutation affects early stages in SAM development Comparative RNA-Seq analysis of meristem tissues from WYJ7 and ldp1 at the BM, PBM, and SBM developmental stages indicated that the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were highest (1407) during the BM stage. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed that genes in one module (turquoise) are associated with the ldp1 phenotype and highly expressed during the BM stage, suggesting their roles in the identity transition and branch differentiation stages of rice inflorescences. Hub genes involved in auxin synthesis and transport pathways, such as OsAUX1, OsAUX4, and OsSAUR25, were identified. Moreover, GO and KEGG analysis of the DEGs in the turquoise module and the 1407 DEGs in the BM stage revealed that a majority of genes involved in tryptophan metabolism and auxin signaling pathway were differentially expressed between WYJ and ldp1. The genetic analysis indicated that the ldp1 phenotype is controlled by a recessive monogene (LDP1), which was mapped to a region between 16.9 and 18.1 Mb on chromosome seven. This study suggests that the ldp1 mutation may affect the expression of key genes in auxin synthesis and signal transduction, enhance the size of SAM, and thus affect panicle development. This study provides insights into the molecular regulatory network underlying rice panicle morphogenesis and lays an important foundation for further understanding the function and molecular mechanism of LDP1 during panicle development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanglun Sun
- Center for Crop Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 239000, China; (Z.S.); (T.M.); (X.T.); (T.F.); (R.L.); (S.D.); (H.Z.)
| | - Tianrun Mei
- Center for Crop Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 239000, China; (Z.S.); (T.M.); (X.T.); (T.F.); (R.L.); (S.D.); (H.Z.)
| | - Xuan Tan
- Center for Crop Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 239000, China; (Z.S.); (T.M.); (X.T.); (T.F.); (R.L.); (S.D.); (H.Z.)
| | - Tingting Feng
- Center for Crop Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 239000, China; (Z.S.); (T.M.); (X.T.); (T.F.); (R.L.); (S.D.); (H.Z.)
| | - Ruining Li
- Center for Crop Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 239000, China; (Z.S.); (T.M.); (X.T.); (T.F.); (R.L.); (S.D.); (H.Z.)
| | - Sumei Duan
- Center for Crop Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 239000, China; (Z.S.); (T.M.); (X.T.); (T.F.); (R.L.); (S.D.); (H.Z.)
| | - Heming Zhao
- Center for Crop Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 239000, China; (Z.S.); (T.M.); (X.T.); (T.F.); (R.L.); (S.D.); (H.Z.)
| | - Yafeng Ye
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230001, China; (Y.Y.); (B.L.)
| | - Binmei Liu
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230001, China; (Y.Y.); (B.L.)
| | - Aifeng Zhou
- Anhui Xin Fu Xiang Tian Ecological Agriculture Co., Ltd., Maanshan 238200, China;
| | - Hao Ai
- Center for Crop Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 239000, China; (Z.S.); (T.M.); (X.T.); (T.F.); (R.L.); (S.D.); (H.Z.)
| | - Xianzhong Huang
- Center for Crop Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 239000, China; (Z.S.); (T.M.); (X.T.); (T.F.); (R.L.); (S.D.); (H.Z.)
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Wu J, Sun LQ, Song Y, Bai Y, Wan GY, Wang JX, Xia JQ, Zhang ZY, Zhang ZS, Zhao Z, Xiang CB. The OsNLP3/4-OsRFL module regulates nitrogen-promoted panicle architecture in rice. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:2404-2418. [PMID: 37845836 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Rice panicles, a major component of yield, are regulated by phytohormones and nutrients. How mineral nutrients promote panicle architecture remains largely unknown. Here, we report that NIN-LIKE PROTEIN3 and 4 (OsNLP3/4) are crucial positive regulators of rice panicle architecture in response to nitrogen (N). Loss-of-function mutants of either OsNLP3 or OsNLP4 produced smaller panicles with reduced primary and secondary branches and fewer grains than wild-type, whereas their overexpression plants showed the opposite phenotypes. The OsNLP3/4-regulated panicle architecture was positively correlated with N availability. OsNLP3/4 directly bind to the promoter of OsRFL and activate its expression to promote inflorescence meristem development. Furthermore, OsRFL activates OsMOC1 expression by binding to its promoter. Our findings reveal the novel N-responsive OsNLP3/4-OsRFL-OsMOC1 module that integrates N availability to regulate panicle architecture, shedding light on how N nutrient signals regulate panicle architecture and providing candidate targets for the improvement of crop yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wu
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences at the Microscale, MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230027, China
| | - Liang-Qi Sun
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences at the Microscale, MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230027, China
| | - Ying Song
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences at the Microscale, MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230027, China
| | - Yu Bai
- Experimental Center of Engineering and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Guang-Yu Wan
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences at the Microscale, MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230027, China
| | - Jing-Xian Wang
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences at the Microscale, MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230027, China
| | - Jin-Qiu Xia
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences at the Microscale, MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230027, China
| | - Zheng-Yi Zhang
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences at the Microscale, MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230027, China
| | - Zi-Sheng Zhang
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences at the Microscale, MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230027, China
| | - Zhong Zhao
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences at the Microscale, MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230027, China
| | - Cheng-Bin Xiang
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences at the Microscale, MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230027, China
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Rieu P, Arnoux-Courseaux M, Tichtinsky G, Parcy F. Thinking outside the F-box: how UFO controls angiosperm development. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:945-959. [PMID: 37664990 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
The formation of inflorescences and flowers is essential for the successful reproduction of angiosperms. In the past few decades, genetic studies have identified the LEAFY transcription factor and the UNUSUAL FLORAL ORGANS (UFO) F-box protein as two major regulators of flower development in a broad range of angiosperm species. Recent research has revealed that UFO acts as a transcriptional cofactor, redirecting the LEAFY floral regulator to novel cis-elements. In this review, we summarize the various roles of UFO across species, analyze past results in light of new discoveries and highlight the key questions that remain to be solved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Rieu
- Laboratoire Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, INRAE, IRIG-DBSCI-LPCV, 17 ave des martyrs, F-38054, Grenoble, France
| | - Moïra Arnoux-Courseaux
- Laboratoire Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, INRAE, IRIG-DBSCI-LPCV, 17 ave des martyrs, F-38054, Grenoble, France
| | - Gabrielle Tichtinsky
- Laboratoire Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, INRAE, IRIG-DBSCI-LPCV, 17 ave des martyrs, F-38054, Grenoble, France
| | - François Parcy
- Laboratoire Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, INRAE, IRIG-DBSCI-LPCV, 17 ave des martyrs, F-38054, Grenoble, France
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5
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Liu J, Shi X, Zhong T, Jie W, Xu R, Ding Y, Ding C. PINOID and PIN-FORMED Paralogous Genes Are Required for Leaf Morphogenesis in Rice. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 64:1146-1158. [PMID: 37540575 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Auxin plays an essential role in modulating leaf development. However, its role in leaf development in rice (Oryza sativa L.) remains largely unknown. In this study, we found that PINOID (OsPID) and two Sister-of-PIN1s, termed PIN-FORMED1c (OsPIN1c) and OsPIN1d, are necessary for rice leaf development. The ospin1c ospin1d null mutant lines presented severe defects in leaf morphogenesis, including drooping and semi-drooping blades, an abnormally thickened sheath and lamina joint, and fused leaves with absent ligules and auricles. Loss-of-function ospid mutants displayed generally similar leaf morphology but lacked leaf fusion. Interestingly, misshaped leaf genesis displayed a preference for being ipsilateral. In addition, OsPIN1c and OsPID were commonly localized in the initiating leaf primordia. Furthermore, accompanied by the more severe organ morphogenesis in the ospin1c ospin1d ospid triple mutant, RNA sequencing analysis revealed that many genes essential for leaf development have an altered expression level. Together, this study furthers our understanding of the role auxin transport plays during leaf development in monocot rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Liu
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
- Rice Research Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 602 Nanlian Road, Nanchang 330200, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi'an Shi
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianhui Zhong
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanrong Jie
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruihan Xu
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfeng Ding
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengqiang Ding
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
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Niu F, Liu M, Dong S, Dong X, Wang Y, Cheng C, Chu H, Hu Z, Ma F, Yan P, Lan D, Zhang J, Zhou J, Sun B, Zhang A, Hu J, Zhang X, He S, Cui J, Yuan X, Yang J, Cao L, Luo X. RNA-Seq Transcriptome Analysis and Evolution of OsEBS, a Gene Involved in Enhanced Spikelet Number per Panicle in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10303. [PMID: 37373450 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Spikelet number per panicle (SNP) is one of the most important yield components in rice. Rice ENHANCING BIOMASS AND SPIKELET NUMBER (OsEBS), a gene involved in improved SNP and yield, has been cloned from an accession of Dongxiang wild rice. However, the mechanism of OsEBS increasing rice SNP is poorly understood. In this study, the RNA-Seq technology was used to analyze the transcriptome of wildtype Guichao 2 and OsEBS over-expression line B102 at the heading stage, and analysis of the evolution of OsEBS was also conducted. A total of 5369 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between Guichao2 and B102, most of which were down-regulated in B102. Analysis of the expression of endogenous hormone-related genes revealed that 63 auxin-related genes were significantly down-regulated in B102. Gene Ontogeny (GO) enrichment analysis showed that the 63 DEGs were mainly enriched in eight GO terms, including auxin-activated signaling pathway, auxin polar transport, auxin transport, basipetal auxin transport, and amino acid transmembrane transport, most of which were directly or indirectly related to polar auxin transport. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) metabolic pathway analysis further verified that the down-regulated genes related to polar auxin transport had important effects on increased SNP. Analysis of the evolution of OsEBS found that OsEBS was involved in the differentiation of indica and japonica, and the differentiation of OsEBS supported the multi-origin model of rice domestication. Indica (XI) subspecies harbored higher nucleotide diversity than japonica (GJ) subspecies in the OsEBS region, and XI experienced strong balancing selection during evolution, while selection in GJ was neutral. The degree of genetic differentiation between GJ and Bas subspecies was the smallest, while it was the highest between GJ and Aus. Phylogenetic analysis of the Hsp70 family in O. sativa, Brachypodium distachyon, and Arabidopsis thaliana indicated that changes in the sequences of OsEBS were accelerated during evolution. Accelerated evolution and domain loss in OsEBS resulted in neofunctionalization. The results obtained from this study provide an important theoretical basis for high-yield rice breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuan Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement of Grain and Oil Crops (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Crop Breeding and Cultivation Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Mingyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Shiqing Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xianxin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Can Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement of Grain and Oil Crops (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Crop Breeding and Cultivation Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Huangwei Chu
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement of Grain and Oil Crops (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Crop Breeding and Cultivation Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Zejun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement of Grain and Oil Crops (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Crop Breeding and Cultivation Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Fuying Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Peiwen Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Dengyong Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jianming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement of Grain and Oil Crops (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Crop Breeding and Cultivation Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Jihua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement of Grain and Oil Crops (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Crop Breeding and Cultivation Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Bin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement of Grain and Oil Crops (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Crop Breeding and Cultivation Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Anpeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement of Grain and Oil Crops (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Crop Breeding and Cultivation Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Jian Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xinwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Shicong He
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jinhao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xinyu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jinshui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Liming Cao
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement of Grain and Oil Crops (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Crop Breeding and Cultivation Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Xiaojin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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Liu J, Jie W, Shi X, Ding Y, Ding C. Transcription elongation factors OsSPT4 and OsSPT5 are essential for rice growth and development and act with APO2. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2023:10.1007/s00299-023-03025-6. [PMID: 37148321 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03025-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The transcription elongation factor SPT4/SPT5 complex is essential for rice vegetative and reproductive growth and that OsSPT5-1, with its interactor APO2, is involved in multiple phytohormone pathways. The SPT4/SPT5 complex is a transcription elongation factor that regulates the processivity of transcription elongation. However, our understanding of the role of SPT4/SPT5 complex in developmental regulation remains limited. Here, we identified three SPT4/SPT5 genes (OsSPT4, OsSPT5-1, and OsSPT5-2) in rice, and investigated their roles in vegetative and reproductive growth. These genes are highly conserved with their orthologs in other species. OsSPT4 and OsSPT5-1 are widely expressed in various tissues. By contrast, OsSPT5-2 is expressed at a relatively low level, which could cause osspt5-2 null mutants have no phenotypes. Loss-of-function mutants of OsSPT4 and OsSPT5-1 could not be obtained; their heterozygotes showed severe reproductive growth defects. An incomplete mutant line (osspt5-1#12) displayed gibberellin-related dwarfed defects and a weak root system at an early vegetative phase, and a short life cycle in different planting environments. Furthermore, OsSPT5-1 interacts with the transcription factor ABERRANT PANICLE ORGANIZATION 2 (APO2) and plays a similar role in regulating the growth of rice shoots. RNA sequencing analysis verified that OsSPT5-1 is involved in multiple phytohormone pathways, including gibberellin, auxin, and cytokinin. Therefore, the SPT4/SPT5 complex is essential for both vegetative and reproductive growth in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Liu
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanrong Jie
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi'an Shi
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfeng Ding
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production Co-Sponsored by Province and Ministry, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengqiang Ding
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production Co-Sponsored by Province and Ministry, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
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Tanaka W, Yamauchi T, Tsuda K. Genetic basis controlling rice plant architecture and its modification for breeding. BREEDING SCIENCE 2023; 73:3-45. [PMID: 37168811 PMCID: PMC10165344 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.22088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The shoot and root system architectures are fundamental for crop productivity. During the history of artificial selection of domestication and post-domestication breeding, the architecture of rice has significantly changed from its wild ancestor to fulfil requirements in agriculture. We review the recent studies on developmental biology in rice by focusing on components determining rice plant architecture; shoot meristems, leaves, tillers, stems, inflorescences and roots. We also highlight natural variations that affected these structures and were utilized in cultivars. Importantly, many core regulators identified from developmental mutants have been utilized in breeding as weak alleles moderately affecting these architectures. Given a surge of functional genomics and genome editing, the genetic mechanisms underlying the rice plant architecture discussed here will provide a theoretical basis to push breeding further forward not only in rice but also in other crops and their wild relatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wakana Tanaka
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Takaki Yamauchi
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Tsuda
- National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
- Corresponding author (e-mail: )
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9
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Komatsu A, Kodama K, Mizuno Y, Fujibayashi M, Naramoto S, Kyozuka J. Control of vegetative reproduction in Marchantiapolymorpha by the KAI2-ligand signaling pathway. Curr Biol 2023; 33:1196-1210.e4. [PMID: 36863344 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
In vegetative reproduction of Marchantia polymorpha (M. polymorpha), propagules, called gemmae, are formed in gemma cups. Despite its significance for survival, control of gemma and gemma cup formation by environmental cues is not well understood. We show here that the number of gemmae formed in a gemma cup is a genetic trait. Gemma formation starts from the central region of the floor of the gemma cup, proceeds to the periphery, and terminates when the appropriate number of gemmae is initiated. The MpKARRIKIN INSENSITIVE2 (MpKAI2)-dependent signaling pathway promotes gemma cup formation and gemma initiation. The number of gemmae in a cup is controlled by modulating the ON/OFF switch of the KAI2-dependent signaling. Termination of the signaling results in the accumulation of MpSMXL, a suppressor protein. In the Mpsmxl mutants, gemma initiation continues, leading to the formation of a highly increased number of gemmae in a cup. Consistent with its function, the MpKAI2-dependent signaling pathway is active in gemma cups where gemmae initiate, as well as in the notch region of the mature gemma and midrib of the ventral side of the thallus. In this work, we also show that GEMMA CUP-ASSOCIATED MYB1 works downstream of this signaling pathway to promote gemma cup formation and gemma initiation. We also found that the availability of potassium affects gemma cup formation independently from the KAI2-dependent signaling pathway in M. polymorpha. We propose that the KAI2-dependent signaling pathway functions to optimize vegetative reproduction by adapting to the environment in M. polymorpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aino Komatsu
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Kyoichi Kodama
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yohei Mizuno
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Mizuki Fujibayashi
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Satoshi Naramoto
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan; Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Junko Kyozuka
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan.
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10
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Chun Y, Kumar A, Li X. Genetic and molecular pathways controlling rice inflorescence architecture. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1010138. [PMID: 36247571 PMCID: PMC9554555 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1010138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Rice inflorescence is one of the major organs in determining grain yield. The genetic and molecular regulation on rice inflorescence architecture has been well investigated over the past years. In the present review, we described genes regulating rice inflorescence architecture based on their roles in meristem activity maintenance, meristem identity conversion and branch elongation. We also introduced the emerging regulatory pathways of phytohormones involved in rice inflorescence development. These studies show the intricacies and challenges of manipulating inflorescence architecture for rice yield improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chun
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ashmit Kumar
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Fiji National University, Nausori, Fiji
| | - Xueyong Li
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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