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Zhao S, Jiao J, Zhang C, Li F, Fan X, Wu P, Feng K, Li L. Identification of the function of a key gene NnHCT1 in lignin synthesis in petioles of Nelumbo nucifera. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 274:133391. [PMID: 38917921 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Leaf petiole or stem strength is an important agronomic trait affecting the growth of underground organs as a channel for material exchange and plays a vital role in the quality and yield of crops and vegetables. There are two different types of petioles in lotus, floating leaf petioles and vertical leaf petioles; however, the internal difference mechanism between these petioles is unclear. In this study, we investigated the differences between the initial vertical leaf petioles and the initial floating leaf petioles based on RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), and >2858 differentially expressed genes were annotated. These genes were chiefly enriched in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, which is the source of the lignin and cellulose in petioles and stems. Lignin biology-related gene NnHCT1 was identified, and subsequent biological function validation demonstrated that the transient overexpression of NnHCT1 significantly increased the lignin and cellulose contents in lotus petioles and tobacco leaves. In contrast, silencing NnHCT1 through virus-induced gene silencing significantly reduced petiole lignin synthesis. Additionally, differentially up-regulated MYB family transcription factors were identified using RNA-seq. Yeast-one-hybrid and dual-luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that MYB4 could bind to the NnHCT1 promoter and up-regulate NnHCT1 expression. These findings demonstrate the significant potential of NnHCT1 to enhance lignin synthesis, thereby improving stem or petiole resistance to stunting and explaining the need for the study of differential petiole relationships in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuping Zhao
- School of Horticulture and Gardens, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jiao Jiao
- School of Horticulture and Gardens, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Chuyan Zhang
- School of Horticulture and Gardens, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Fenghua Li
- School of Horticulture and Gardens, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiaojing Fan
- School of Horticulture and Gardens, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Peng Wu
- School of Horticulture and Gardens, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Kai Feng
- School of Horticulture and Gardens, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Liangjun Li
- School of Horticulture and Gardens, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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2
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Jia S, Wang C, Sun W, Yan X, Wang W, Xu B, Guo G, Bi C. OsWRKY12 negatively regulates the drought-stress tolerance and secondary cell wall biosynthesis by targeting different downstream transcription factor genes in rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 212:108794. [PMID: 38850730 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
With the increasing occurrence of global warming, drought is becoming a major constraint for plant growth and crop yield. Plant cell walls experience continuous changes during the growth, development, and in responding to stressful conditions. The plant WRKYs play pivotal roles in regulating the secondary cell wall (SCW) biosynthesis and helping plant defend against abiotic stresses. qRT-PCR evidence showed that OsWRKY12 was affected by drought and ABA treatments. Over-expression of OsWRKY12 decreased the drought tolerance of the rice transgenics at the germination stage and the seedling stage. The transcription levels of drought-stress-associated genes as well as those genes participating in the ABA biosynthesis and signaling were significantly different compared to the wild type (WT). Our results also showed that less lignin and cellulose were deposited in the OsWRKY12-overexpressors, and heterogenous expression of OsWRKY12 in atwrky12 could lower the increased lignin and cellulose contents, as well as the improved PEG-stress tolerance, to a similar level as the WT. qRT-PCR results indicated that the transcription levels of all the genes related to lignin and cellulose biosynthesis were significantly decreased in the rice transgenics than the WT. Further evidence from yeast one-hybrid assay and the dual-luciferase reporter system suggested that OsWRKY12 could bind to promoters of OsABI5 (the critical component of the ABA signaling pathway) and OsSWN3/OsSWN7 (the key positive regulators in the rice SCW thickening), and hence repressing their expression. In conclusion, OsWRKY12 mediates the crosstalk between SCW biosynthesis and plant stress tolerance by binding to the promoters of different downstream genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhen Jia
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China.
| | - Chunyue Wang
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China.
| | - Wanying Sun
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China.
| | - Xiaofei Yan
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China.
| | - Weiting Wang
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China.
| | - Bing Xu
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China.
| | - Guangyan Guo
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China.
| | - Caili Bi
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China.
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3
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Wang S, Wang X, Yue L, Li H, Zhu L, Dong Z, Long Y. Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of Lignin Synthesis Genes in Maize. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6710. [PMID: 38928419 PMCID: PMC11203529 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Lignin is a crucial substance in the formation of the secondary cell wall in plants. It is widely distributed in various plant tissues and plays a significant role in various biological processes. However, the number of copies, characteristics, and expression patterns of genes involved in lignin biosynthesis in maize are not fully understood. In this study, bioinformatic analysis and gene expression analysis were used to discover the lignin synthetic genes, and two representative maize inbred lines were used for stem strength phenotypic analysis and gene identification. Finally, 10 gene families harboring 117 related genes involved in the lignin synthesis pathway were retrieved in the maize genome. These genes have a high number of copies and are typically clustered on chromosomes. By examining the lignin content of stems and the expression patterns of stem-specific genes in two representative maize inbred lines, we identified three potential stem lodging resistance genes and their interactions with transcription factors. This study provides a foundation for further research on the regulation of lignin biosynthesis and maize lodging resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Zhenying Dong
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (S.W.); (X.W.); (L.Y.); (H.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Yan Long
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (S.W.); (X.W.); (L.Y.); (H.L.); (L.Z.)
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4
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Wang S, Liu Y, Hao X, Chen Y, Wang Z, Shen Y. Enhancing plant defensins in a desert shrub: Exploring a regulatory pathway of AnWRKY29. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132259. [PMID: 38740161 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
A distinct family of plant-specific WRKY transcription factors plays a crucial role in modulating responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this investigation, we unveiled a signaling pathway activated in the desert shrub Ammopiptanthus nanus during feeding by the moth Spodoptera exigua. The process involves a Ca2+ flux that facilitates interaction between the protein kinase AnCIPK12 and AnWRKY29. AnWRKY29 directly interacts with the promoters of two key genes encoding AnPDF1 and AnHsfB1, involved in the biosynthesis of plant defensins. Consequently, AnWRKY29 exerts its transcriptional regulatory function, influencing plant defensins biosynthesis. This discovery implies that A. nanus can bolster resistance against herbivorous insects like S. exigua by utilizing this signaling pathway, providing an effective natural defense mechanism that supports its survival and reproductive success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyao Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yahui Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Hao
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Non-wood Forests Cultivation and Utilization, Guangxi Xylophyta Spices Research Center of Engineering Technology, Illicium and Cinnamomum Engineering Technology Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, Nanning 530002, China
| | - Zhaoyuan Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingbai Shen
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.
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Zhang K, Wang X, Chen X, Zhang R, Guo J, Wang Q, Li D, Shao L, Shi X, Han J, Liu Z, Xia Y, Zhang J. Establishment of a Homologous Silencing System with Intact-Plant Infiltration and Minimized Operation for Studying Gene Function in Herbaceous Peonies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4412. [PMID: 38673996 PMCID: PMC11050706 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Gene function verification is a crucial step in studying the molecular mechanisms regulating various plant life activities. However, a stable and efficient homologous genetic transgenic system for herbaceous peonies has not been established. In this study, using virus-induced gene silencing technology (VIGS), a highly efficient homologous transient verification system with distinctive advantages was proposed, which not only achieves true "intact-plant" infiltration but also minimizes the operation. One-year-old roots of the representative species, Paeonia lactiflora Pall., were used as the materials; prechilling (4 °C) treatment for 3-5 weeks was applied as a critical precondition for P. lactiflora to acquire a certain chilling accumulation. A dormancy-related gene named HOMEOBOX PROTEIN 31 (PlHB31), believed to negatively regulate bud endodormancy release (BER), was chosen as the target gene in this study. GFP fluorescence was detected in directly infiltrated and newly developed roots and buds; the transgenic plantlets exhibited remarkably earlier budbreak, and PlHB31 was significantly downregulated in silenced plantlets. This study established a homologous transient silencing system featuring intact-plant infiltration and minimized manipulation for gene function research, and also offers technical support and serves as a theoretical basis for gene function discovery in numerous other geophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaijing Zhang
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, Institute of Landscape Architecture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (K.Z.); (X.W.); (X.C.); (R.Z.); (J.G.); (Q.W.); (D.L.); (L.S.); (J.H.); (Y.X.)
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, Institute of Landscape Architecture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (K.Z.); (X.W.); (X.C.); (R.Z.); (J.G.); (Q.W.); (D.L.); (L.S.); (J.H.); (Y.X.)
| | - Xiaoxuan Chen
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, Institute of Landscape Architecture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (K.Z.); (X.W.); (X.C.); (R.Z.); (J.G.); (Q.W.); (D.L.); (L.S.); (J.H.); (Y.X.)
| | - Runlong Zhang
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, Institute of Landscape Architecture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (K.Z.); (X.W.); (X.C.); (R.Z.); (J.G.); (Q.W.); (D.L.); (L.S.); (J.H.); (Y.X.)
| | - Junhong Guo
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, Institute of Landscape Architecture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (K.Z.); (X.W.); (X.C.); (R.Z.); (J.G.); (Q.W.); (D.L.); (L.S.); (J.H.); (Y.X.)
| | - Qiyao Wang
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, Institute of Landscape Architecture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (K.Z.); (X.W.); (X.C.); (R.Z.); (J.G.); (Q.W.); (D.L.); (L.S.); (J.H.); (Y.X.)
| | - Danqing Li
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, Institute of Landscape Architecture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (K.Z.); (X.W.); (X.C.); (R.Z.); (J.G.); (Q.W.); (D.L.); (L.S.); (J.H.); (Y.X.)
| | - Lingmei Shao
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, Institute of Landscape Architecture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (K.Z.); (X.W.); (X.C.); (R.Z.); (J.G.); (Q.W.); (D.L.); (L.S.); (J.H.); (Y.X.)
| | - Xiaohua Shi
- Zhejiang Institute of Landscape Plants and Flowers, Hangzhou 311251, China;
| | - Jingtong Han
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, Institute of Landscape Architecture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (K.Z.); (X.W.); (X.C.); (R.Z.); (J.G.); (Q.W.); (D.L.); (L.S.); (J.H.); (Y.X.)
| | - Zhiyang Liu
- Harbin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150029, China;
| | - Yiping Xia
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, Institute of Landscape Architecture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (K.Z.); (X.W.); (X.C.); (R.Z.); (J.G.); (Q.W.); (D.L.); (L.S.); (J.H.); (Y.X.)
| | - Jiaping Zhang
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, Institute of Landscape Architecture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (K.Z.); (X.W.); (X.C.); (R.Z.); (J.G.); (Q.W.); (D.L.); (L.S.); (J.H.); (Y.X.)
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6
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Zhao H, Wang S, Yang R, Yang D, Zhao Y, Kuang J, Chen L, Zhang R, Hu H. Side chain of confined xylan affects cellulose integrity leading to bending stem with reduced mechanical strength in ornamental plants. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 329:121787. [PMID: 38286554 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
The stem support for fresh-cut flowers exerts a profound influence on the display of their blossoms. During vase insertion, bending stems significantly affect the ornamental value, but much remains unclear about the underlying reasons. In this study, six pairs of ornamental plants were screened for the contrast of bending and straight stems. The bending stems have weakened mechanical force and biomass recalcitrance compared with the straight ones. Meanwhile, cells in the bending stems became more loosely packed, along with a decrease in cell wall thickness and cellulose levels. Furthermore, wall properties characterizations show bending stems have decreased lignocellulosic CrI and cellulose DP, and enhanced the branching ratio of hemicellulose which is trapped in the cellulose. Given the distinct cell wall factors in different species, all data are grouped in standardized to eliminate the variations among plant species. The principal composition analysis and correlation analysis of the processed dataset strongly suggest that cellulose association factors determine the stem mechanical force and recalcitrance. Based on our results, we propose a model for how branches of confined hemicellulose interacted with cellulose to modulate stem strength support for the straight or bending phenotype in cut flowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanqian Zhao
- Yunnan Province Engineering Research Center for Functional Flower Resources and Industrialization, College of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Sha Wang
- Yunnan Province Engineering Research Center for Functional Flower Resources and Industrialization, College of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Runjie Yang
- Yunnan Province Engineering Research Center for Functional Flower Resources and Industrialization, College of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Dongmei Yang
- Yunnan Province Engineering Research Center for Functional Flower Resources and Industrialization, College of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Yongjing Zhao
- Yunnan Province Engineering Research Center for Functional Flower Resources and Industrialization, College of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Jianhua Kuang
- Yunnan Province Engineering Research Center for Functional Flower Resources and Industrialization, College of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Longqing Chen
- Yunnan Province Engineering Research Center for Functional Flower Resources and Industrialization, College of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Huizhen Hu
- Yunnan Province Engineering Research Center for Functional Flower Resources and Industrialization, College of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China.
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7
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Tang Y, Lu L, Sheng Z, Zhao D, Tao J. An R2R3-MYB network modulates stem strength by regulating lignin biosynthesis and secondary cell wall thickening in herbaceous peony. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 113:1237-1258. [PMID: 36633057 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Stem strength is an important agronomic trait affecting plant lodging, and plays an essential role in the quality and yield of plants. Thickened secondary cell walls in stems provide mechanical strength that allows plants to stand upright, but the regulatory mechanism of secondary cell wall thickening and stem strength in cut flowers remains unclear. In this study, first, a total of 11 non-redundant Paeonia lactiflora R2R3-MYBs related to stem strength were identified and isolated from cut-flower herbaceous peony, among which PlMYB43, PlMYB83 and PlMYB103 were the most upregulated differentially expressed genes. Then, the expression characteristics revealed that these three R2R3-MYBs were specifically expressed in stems and acted as transcriptional activators. Next, biological function verification showed that these P. lactiflora R2R3-MYBs positively regulated stem strength, secondary cell wall thickness and lignin deposition. Furthermore, yeast-one-hybrid and dual luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that they could bind to the promoter of caffeic acid O-methyltransferase gene (PlCOMT2) and/or laccase gene (PlLAC4), two key genes involved in lignin biosynthesis. In addition, the function of PlLAC4 in increasing lignin deposition was confirmed by virus-induced gene silencing and overexpression. Moreover, PlMYB83 could also act as a transcriptional activator of PlMYB43. The findings of the study propose a regulatory network of R2R3-MYBs modulating lignin biosynthesis and secondary cell wall thickening for improving stem lodging resistance, and provide a resource for molecular genetic engineering breeding of cut flowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Tang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Lu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhipeng Sheng
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Daqiu Zhao
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Tao
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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8
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Gao Y, Chen H, Chen D, Hao G. Genetic and evolutionary dissection of melatonin response signaling facilitates the regulation of plant growth and stress responses. J Pineal Res 2023; 74:e12850. [PMID: 36585354 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The expansion of gene families during evolution could generate functional diversity among their members to regulate plant growth and development. Melatonin, a phylogenetically ancient molecule, is vital for many aspects of a plant's life. Understanding the functional diversity of the molecular players involved in melatonin biosynthesis, signaling, and metabolism will facilitate the regulation of plant phenotypes. However, the molecular mechanism of melatonin response signaling elements in regulating this network still has many challenges. Here, we provide an in-depth analysis of the functional diversity and evolution of molecular components in melatonin signaling pathway. Genetic analysis of multiple mutants in plant species will shed light on the role of gene families in melatonin regulatory pathways. Phylogenetic analysis of these genes was performed, which will facilitate the identification of melatonin-related genes for future study. Based on the abovementioned signal networks, the mechanism of these genes was summarized to provide reference for studying the regulatory mechanism of melatonin in plant phenotypes. We hope that this work will facilitate melatonin research in higher plants and finely tuned spatio-temporal regulation of melatonin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Huimin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongyu Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Gefei Hao
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
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