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Zhao T, Li N, Kong J, Li X, Huang C, Wang Y, Zhang C, Li Y. An activator-represssor complex of VvWRKYs regulate proanthocyanidins biosynthesis through co-targeting VvLAR in grape. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 281:136653. [PMID: 39423972 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.136653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Revised: 10/09/2024] [Accepted: 10/15/2024] [Indexed: 10/21/2024]
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins (PAs) are vital polyphenolic compounds in plants with various biological functions. Although WRKY transcription factors are known to play important roles, their specific involvement in regulating PAs metabolism in grapes remains underexplored. In this study, we identified six candidate WRKY genes potentially involved in PAs synthesis by transiently overexpressing them in Nicotiana tabacum leaves. Among these, VvWRKY57 was found to enhance PAs synthesis. Further functional analysis, achieved by overexpressing of VvWRKY57 in grape calli, confirmed its positive role in PAs biosynthesis. Using yeast one-hybrid (Y1H), dual-luciferase reporter (DLR) assays, and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), we demonstrated that VvWRKY57 binds to the promoter of leucocyanidin reductase (VvLAR2) and stimulates its activity. Additionally, yeast two-hybrid (Y2H), bimolecular fluorescence complementary (BiFC), and pull-down assays revealed that VvWRKY57 forms heterodimers with VvWRKY20, while VvWTKY20 also forms homodimers. Interestingly, overexpression of VvWRKY20 was found to inhibit PAs synthesis. Y1H, DLR, and EMSA further showed that VvWRKY20 binds to the promoters of VvLAR1 and VvLAR2, repressing their transcription activity. When VvWRKY57 and VvWRKY20 were co-expressed, VvLAR2 promoter activity and PAs synthesis were suppressed. Moreover, we discovered that VvPUB26, an E3 ubiquitin ligase physically interacts with both VvWRKY57 and VvWRKY20. VvPUB26 mediated the degradation of VvWRKY20 but did not influence the degradation of VvWRKY57. In conclusion, this study highlights the regulatory interplay between WRKY transcription factors in PAs biosynthesis, offering insights into their distinct roles in modulating this important metabolic pathway in grapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northwest Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northwest Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jixiang Kong
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northwest Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaohan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Congbo Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northwest Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yuejin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northwest Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Chaohong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northwest Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Jiao C, Sun J. SlbHLH1 mediates ABA treatment-retarded chilling injury by repressing SlPP2C29 in tomato fruit. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 344:112086. [PMID: 38599246 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Low-temperature storage can facilitate to the preservation of postharvest fruits. However, tomato fruit are vulnerable to chilling injury (CI) throughout refrigerated storage, resulting in economic losses. Abscisic acid (ABA) treatment weakened the CI progression in tomato fruit. Protein phosphatase 2 C 29 (SlPP2C29) acted as the negative regulator in the ABA-enhanced chilling tolerance. The gene expression of SlPP2C29 and activity of PP2C were down regulated by ABA treatment. Furthermore, SlPP2C29 was shown to be the negative downstream messenger in the ABA-alleviated oxidative damage. Moreover, basic helix-loop-helix 1 (SlbHLH1) bound to the E-box element within SlPP2C29 promoter, and negatively modulated its expression. SlbHLH1 mediated the ABA-boosted chilling tolerance. It turned out that SlbHLH1 was the positive modulator involved in the ABA-inhibited SlPP2C29 expression and PP2C activity. SlbHLH1 was furtherly found to work as the positive regulator in the ABA-lowered oxidative damage. Thus, SlbHLH1 alleviated the CI severity by repressing SlPP2C29 under ABA treatment in tomato fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caifeng Jiao
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jing Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
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Chen S, Li P, Abubakar YS, Lü P, Li Y, Mao X, Zhang C, Zheng W, Wang Z, Lu GD, Zheng H. A feedback regulation of FgHtf1-FgCon7 loop in conidiogenesis and development of Fusarium graminearum. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129841. [PMID: 38309401 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
The transcription factor FgHtf1 is important for conidiogenesis in Fusarium graminearum and it positively regulates the expression of the sporulation-related gene FgCON7. However, the regulatory mechanism underlying its functions is still unclear. The present study intends to uncover the functional mechanism of FgHtf1 in relation to FgCon7 in F. graminearum. We demonstrated that FgCON7 serves as a target gene for FgHtf1. Interestingly, FgCon7 also binds the promoter region of FgHTF1 to negatively regulate its expression, thus forming a negative-feedback loop. We demonstrated that FgHtf1 and FgCon7 have functional redundancy in fungal development. FgCon7 localizes in the nucleus and has transcriptional activation activity. Deletion of FgCON7 significantly reduces conidia production. 4444 genes were regulated by FgCon7 in ChIP-Seq, and RNA-Seq revealed 4430 differentially expressed genes in FgCON7 deletion mutant, with CCAAT serving as a consensus binding motif of FgCon7 to the target genes. FgCon7 directly binds the promoter regions of FgMSN2, FgABAA, FgVEA and FgSMT3 genes and regulates their expression. These genes were found to be important for conidiogenesis. To our knowledge, this is the first study that unveiled the mutual regulatory functions of FgCON7 and FgHTF1 to form a negative-feedback loop, and how the loop mediates sporulation in F. graminearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China; Fujian Key Laboratory on Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, College of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Pengfang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Yakubu Saddeeq Abubakar
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 810281, Nigeria
| | - Peitao Lü
- College of Horticulture, Center for Plant Metabolomics, Haixia lnstitute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yulong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China; Fujian Key Laboratory on Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, College of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Xuzhao Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China; Fujian Key Laboratory on Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, College of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Chengkang Zhang
- College of Life Science, Ningde Normal University, Ningde 352100, China
| | - Wenhui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Zonghua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China; Fujian Key Laboratory on Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, College of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Guo-Dong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China.
| | - Huawei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China; Fujian Key Laboratory on Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, College of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
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Rodrigues M, Ordoñez-Trejo EJ, Rasori A, Varotto S, Ruperti B, Bonghi C. Dissecting postharvest chilling injuries in pome and stone fruit through integrated omics. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1272986. [PMID: 38235207 PMCID: PMC10791837 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1272986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Lowering the storage temperature is an effective method to extend the postharvest and shelf life of fruits. Nevertheless, this technique often leads to physiological disorders, commonly known as chilling injuries. Apples and pears are susceptible to chilling injuries, among which superficial scald is the most economically relevant. Superficial scald is due to necrotic lesions of the first layers of hypodermis manifested through skin browning. In peaches and nectarines, chilling injuries are characterized by internal symptoms, such as mealiness. Fruits with these aesthetic or compositional/structural defects are not suitable for fresh consumption. Genetic variation is a key factor in determining fruit susceptibility to chilling injuries; however, physiological, or technical aspects such as harvest maturity and storage conditions also play a role. Multi-omics approaches have been used to provide an integrated explanation of chilling injury development. Metabolomics in pome fruits specifically targets the identification of ethylene, phenols, lipids, and oxidation products. Genomics and transcriptomics have revealed interesting connections with metabolomic datasets, pinpointing specific genes linked to cold stress, wax synthesis, farnesene metabolism, and the metabolic pathways of ascorbate and glutathione. When applied to Prunus species, these cutting-edge approaches have uncovered that the development of mealiness symptoms is linked to ethylene signaling, cell wall synthesis, lipid metabolism, cold stress genes, and increased DNA methylation levels. Emphasizing the findings from multi-omics studies, this review reports how the integration of omics datasets can provide new insights into understanding of chilling injury development. This new information is essential for successfully creating more resilient fruit varieties and developing novel postharvest strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Benedetto Ruperti
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Claudio Bonghi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
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