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Rainer M, Ommerli SM, Burden AM, Betschart L, Stämpfli D. Opioid exit plans for tapering postoperative pain control in noncancer patients: a systematic review. Patient Saf Surg 2024; 18:25. [PMID: 39080780 PMCID: PMC11290124 DOI: 10.1186/s13037-024-00408-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing number of countries have reported sharp increases in the use and harm of opioid analgesics. High rates of new opioid initiation are observed in postoperative patients. In response, various tertiary care institutions have developed opioid exit plans (OEPs) to curb potential opioid-related harm. METHODS PubMed and Embase were systematically searched to identify, summarize, and compare the interventional elements of OEPs for postoperative patient populations published from January 1, 2000, to June 4, 2024. Two researchers independently screened the articles for eligibility following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, extracted the data, and assessed the study quality and risk of bias. Data synthesis was performed for study characteristics, intervention details, efficacy, and development. RESULTS A total of 2,585 articles were screened, eight of which met the eligibility criteria. All studies were conducted in North America and focused on orthopedic surgery patients following total hip or knee arthroplasty (n = 5) or neurosurgery (n = 3). Most studies (n = 7) included a pre-post (n = 4) or randomized clinical design (n = 3). Three studies were of good quality, and none had a low risk of bias. The interventions varied and ranged from educational sessions (n = 1) to individualized tapering protocols (n = 4) or a combination of the two (n = 2). Key elements were instructions on how to anticipate patients' postoperative need for opioid analgesics and tapering strategies based on 24-h predischarge opioid consumption. Six studies included efficacy as an endpoint in their analysis, of which four assessed statistical significance, with all four identifying that the OEPs were successful in reducing postoperative opioid use. CONCLUSION Despite differences in design and implementation, the identified OEPs suggest that they are efficacious in reducing outpatient opioid consumption. They provide a robust estimate of postoperative analgesic requirements and a rationale for tapering duration and rate. However, more rigorous studies are needed to evaluate their real-world effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Rainer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
- Hospital Pharmacy, Department Medical Services, Kantonsspital Baden, Im Ergel, 5404, Baden, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Maleika Ommerli
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Michelle Burden
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Leo Betschart
- Chemistry | Biology | Pharmacy Information Center, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 10, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Stämpfli
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Hospital Pharmacy, Department Medical Services, Kantonsspital Baden, Im Ergel, 5404, Baden, Switzerland.
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Liu O, Leon D, Gough E, Hanna M, Jaremko K. A retrospective analysis of perioperative medications for opioid-use disorder and tapering additional postsurgical opioids via a transitional pain service. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38817150 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.16118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS To investigate perioperative opioid requirements in patients on methadone or buprenorphine as medication for opioid-use disorder (MOUD) who attended a transitional pain clinic (Personalized Pain Program, PPP). METHODS This retrospective cohort study assessed adults on MOUD with surgery and attendance at the Johns Hopkins PPP between 2017 and 2022. Daily non-MOUD opioid use over 6 time-points was evaluated with regression models controlling for days since surgery. The time to complete non-MOUD opioid taper was analysed by accelerated failure time and Kaplan-Meier models. RESULTS Fifty patients (28 on methadone, 22 on buprenorphine) were included with a median age of 44.3 years, 54% male, 62% Caucasian and 54% unemployed. MOUD inpatient administration occurred in 92.8% of patients on preoperative methadone but only in 36.3% of patients on preoperative buprenorphine. Non-MOUD opioid use decreased over time postoperatively (β = -0.54, P < .001) with a median decrease of 90 mg morphine equivalents (MME) between the first and last PPP visit, resulting in 46% tapered off by PPP completion. Older age and duration in PPP were associated with lower MME, while mental health conditions, longer hospital stays and higher discharge opioid prescriptions were associated with higher MME. The average time to non-MOUD opioid taper was 1.79× longer in patients on buprenorphine (P = .026), 2.75× in males (P = .023), 4.66× with mental health conditions (P < .001), 2.37× with chronic pain (P = .031) and 3.51× if on preoperative non-MOUD opioids; however, higher initial MOUD level decreased time to taper (P = .001). CONCLUSIONS Postoperative opioid tapering utilizing a transitional pain service is possible in patients on MOUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Liu
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David Leon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ethan Gough
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Data Management Core, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marie Hanna
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kellie Jaremko
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Mahyar L, Missair A, Buys MJ, Kou A, Benedetti de Marrero E, Sandbrink F, Matadial CM, Mariano ER. National review of acute pain service utilization, models of care, and clinical practices within the Veterans Health Administration. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2024; 49:117-121. [PMID: 37286296 DOI: 10.1136/rapm-2023-104610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Veterans Health Administration (VHA) is the largest healthcare network in the USA and has been a national leader in opioid safety for acute pain management. However, detailed information on the availability and characteristics of acute pain services within its facilities is lacking. We designed this project to assess the current state of acute pain services within the VHA. METHODS A 50-question electronic survey developed by the VHA national acute pain medicine committee was emailed to anesthesiology service chiefs at 140 VHA surgical facilities within the USA. Data collected were analyzed by facility complexity level and service characteristics. RESULTS Of the 140 VHA surgical facilities contacted, 84 (60%) completed the survey. Thirty-nine (46%) responding facilities had an acute pain service. The presence of an acute pain service was associated with higher facility complexity level designation. The most common staffing model was 2.0 full-time equivalents, which typically included at least one physician. Services performed most by formal acute pain programs included peripheral nerve catheters, inpatient consult services, and ward ketamine infusions. CONCLUSIONS Despite widespread efforts to promote opioid safety and improve pain management, the availability of dedicated acute pain services within the VHA is not universal. Higher complexity programs are more likely to have acute pain services, which may reflect differential resource distribution, but the barriers to implementation have not yet been fully explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Mahyar
- Anesthesiology Service, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Andres Missair
- Anesthesiology Service, Bruce W Carter Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Michael J Buys
- Anesthesiology Service, Salt Lake City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Alex Kou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | | | - Friedhelm Sandbrink
- Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Christina M Matadial
- Anesthesiology Service, Bruce W Carter Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Edward R Mariano
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
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Coffman CR, Leng JC, Ye Y, Hunter OO, Walters TL, Wang R, Wong JK, Mudumbai SC, Mariano ER. More Than a Perioperative Surgical Home: An Opportunity for Anesthesiologists to Advance Public Health. Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2023; 27:273-282. [PMID: 37679298 DOI: 10.1177/10892532231200620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Public health and the medical specialty of anesthesiology have been closely intertwined throughout history, dating back to the 1800s when Dr. John Snow used contact tracing methods to identify the Broad Street Pump as the source of a cholera outbreak in London. During the COVID-19 pandemic, leaders in anesthesiology and anesthesia patient safety came forward to develop swift recommendations in the face of rapidly changing evidence to help protect patients and healthcare workers. While these high-profile examples may seem like uncommon events, there are many common modern-day public health issues that regularly intersect with anesthesiology and surgery. These include, but are not limited to, smoking; chronic opioid use and opioid use disorder; and obstructive sleep apnea. As an evolving medical specialty that encompasses pre- and postoperative care and acute and chronic pain management, anesthesiologists are uniquely positioned to improve patient care and outcomes and promote long-lasting behavioral changes to improve overall health. In this article, we make the case for advancing the role of the anesthesiologist beyond the original perioperative surgical home model into promoting public health initiatives within the perioperative period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarity R Coffman
- Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jody C Leng
- Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ying Ye
- Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Oluwatobi O Hunter
- Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Tessa L Walters
- Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rachel Wang
- Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jimmy K Wong
- Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Seshadri C Mudumbai
- Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Edward R Mariano
- Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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Baamer RM, Humes DJ, Toh LS, Knaggs RD, Lobo DN. Predictors of persistent postoperative opioid use following colectomy: a population-based cohort study from England. Anaesthesia 2023; 78:1081-1092. [PMID: 37265223 PMCID: PMC10953341 DOI: 10.1111/anae.16055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This retrospective cohort study on adults undergoing colectomy from 2010 to 2019 used linked primary (Clinical Practice Research Datalink), and secondary (Hospital Episode Statistics) care data to determine the prevalence of persistent postoperative opioid use following colectomy, stratified by pre-admission opioid exposure, and identify associated predictors. Based on pre-admission opioid exposure, patients were categorised as opioid-naïve, currently exposed (opioid prescription 0-6 months before admission) and previously exposed (opioid prescription within 7-12 months before admission). Persistent postoperative opioid use was defined as requiring an opioid prescription within 90 days of discharge, along with one or more opioid prescriptions 91-180 days after hospital discharge. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to obtain odds ratios for predictors of persistent postoperative opioid use. Among the 93,262 patients, 15,081 (16.2%) were issued at least one opioid prescription within 90 days of discharge. Of these, 6791 (45.0%) were opioid-naïve, 7528 (49.9%) were currently exposed and 762 (5.0%) were previously exposed. From the whole cohort, 7540 (8.1%) developed persistent postoperative opioid use. Patients with pre-operative opioid exposure had the highest persistent use: 5317 (40.4%) from the currently exposed group; 305 (9.8%) from the previously exposed group; and 1918 (2.5%) from the opioid-naïve group. The odds of developing persistent opioid use were higher among individuals who used long-acting opioid formulations in the 180 days before colectomy than those who used short-acting formulations (odds ratio 3.41 (95%CI 3.07-3.77)). Predictors of persistent opioid use included: previous opioid exposure; high deprivation index; multiple comorbidities; use of long-acting opioids; white race; and open surgery. Minimally invasive surgical approaches were associated with lower odds of persistent opioid use and may represent a modifiable risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. M. Baamer
- Division of Pharmacy Practice and Policy, School of PharmacyUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of PharmacyKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia
| | - D. J. Humes
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre and National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research CentreNottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical CentreNottinghamUK
| | - L. S. Toh
- Division of Pharmacy Practice and Policy, School of PharmacyUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - R. D. Knaggs
- Division of Pharmacy Practice and Policy, School of PharmacyUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
- Pain Centre Versus ArthritisUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - D. N. Lobo
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre and National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research CentreNottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical CentreNottinghamUK
- David Greenfield Metabolic Physiology Unit, MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing ResearchSchool of Life SciencesUniversity of Nottingham, Queen's Medical CentreNottinghamUK
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Dickerson DM, Mariano ER, Szokol JW, Harned M, Clark RM, Mueller JT, Shilling AM, Udoji MA, Mukkamala SB, Doan L, Wyatt KEK, Schwalb JM, Elkassabany NM, Eloy JD, Beck SL, Wiechmann L, Chiao F, Halle SG, Krishnan DG, Cramer JD, Ali Sakr Esa W, Muse IO, Baratta J, Rosenquist R, Gulur P, Shah S, Kohan L, Robles J, Schwenk ES, Allen BFS, Yang S, Hadeed JG, Schwartz G, Englesbe MJ, Sprintz M, Urish KL, Walton A, Keith L, Buvanendran A. Multiorganizational consensus to define guiding principles for perioperative pain management in patients with chronic pain, preoperative opioid tolerance, or substance use disorder. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2023:rapm-2023-104435. [PMID: 37185214 DOI: 10.1136/rapm-2023-104435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Significant knowledge gaps exist in the perioperative pain management of patients with a history of chronic pain, substance use disorder, and/or opioid tolerance as highlighted in the US Health and Human Services Pain Management Best Practices Inter-Agency Task Force 2019 report. The report emphasized the challenges of caring for these populations and the need for multidisciplinary care and a comprehensive approach. Such care requires stakeholder alignment across multiple specialties and care settings. With the intention of codifying this alignment into a reliable and efficient processes, a consortium of 15 professional healthcare societies was convened in a year-long modified Delphi consensus process and summit. This process produced seven guiding principles for the perioperative care of patients with chronic pain, substance use disorder, and/or preoperative opioid tolerance. These principles provide a framework and direction for future improvement in the optimization and care of 'complex' patients as they undergo surgical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Dickerson
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois, USA
- Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Edward R Mariano
- Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care Service, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Joseph W Szokol
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michael Harned
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Pain Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Randall M Clark
- American Society of Anesthesiologists, Park Ridge, Illinois, USA
| | - Jeffrey T Mueller
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Ashley M Shilling
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Mercy A Udoji
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Lisa Doan
- Department of Anesthesiology, PerioperativeCare and Pain Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Karla E K Wyatt
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperativeand Pain Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jason M Schwalb
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Medical Group, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Nabil M Elkassabany
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Jean D Eloy
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Stacy L Beck
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Maternal Fetal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Health System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lisa Wiechmann
- Department of Surgery, NewYork-Presbyterian/Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Franklin Chiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Steven G Halle
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Deepak G Krishnan
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - John D Cramer
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Wael Ali Sakr Esa
- Department of Pain Management, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Iyabo O Muse
- Department of Anesthesiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Westchester Medical Center Health Network, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Jaime Baratta
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Padma Gulur
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shalini Shah
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, University of California Irvine, Orange, California, USA
| | - Lynn Kohan
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Jennifer Robles
- Department of Urology Division of Endourology and Stone Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Surgical Service, Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Eric S Schwenk
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brian F S Allen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Stephen Yang
- Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions Campus, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Gary Schwartz
- AABP Integrative Pain Care, Melville, New York, USA
- Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | | | - Michael Sprintz
- Sprintz Center for Pain and Recovery, Shenandoah, Texas, USA
| | - Kenneth L Urish
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ashley Walton
- American Society of Anesthesiologists, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Lauren Keith
- American Society of Anesthesiologists, Park Ridge, Illinois, USA
| | - Asokumar Buvanendran
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Kukushliev VV, Sherman KA, Kurylo CM, Ortmann SD, Scheidt RA, Scheidt KB. Tapered Dose Postoperative Opioid Prescriptions Following Inpatient Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty: Quality Improvement Study and Retrospective Review. J Arthroplasty 2023; 38:239-244. [PMID: 36075313 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2022.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overprescription of pain medications directly fuels the opioid epidemic. Veterans are profoundly impacted. Tapered dose protocols may reduce excessive prescribing. METHODS A retrospective study of adult veterans who presented to our institution for primary total knee arthroplasty or total hip arthroplasty (THA) was performed. Postdischarge opioid use was reviewed before and after an opioid taper prescription protocol. The preprotocol and postprotocol groups had 299 and 89 veterans, respectively. Total Morphine Milligram Equivalent (MME) prescribed postdischarge, number of tablets prescribed, number of refills issued, 30-day emergency department visits, and 30-day readmissions were compared. Opioid naïve and chronic opioid users were both included. RESULTS Preprotocol and postprotocol implementation group, in combination with surgery type (total knee arthroplasty versus THA) and opioid naïve status, predicted MME. On average, the postprotocol group received 224 MME less, THA patients received 177 MME less, and nonopioid naïve patients received 152 MME more. CONCLUSION The opioid taper protocol led to less opioid administration after discharge. Taper protocols should be considered for postoperative pain management. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III, retrospective comparison study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasil V Kukushliev
- Clement J. Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | | | - Christopher M Kurylo
- Clement J. Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Stephen D Ortmann
- Clement J. Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Robert A Scheidt
- Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Karl B Scheidt
- Clement J. Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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8
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Implementation of a Patient-Tailored Opioid Prescribing Guideline in Ventral Hernia Surgery. J Surg Res 2023; 282:109-117. [PMID: 36270120 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2022.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Opioids are commonly prescribed beyond what is necessary to adequately manage postoperative pain, increasing the likelihood of chronic opioid use, pill diversion, and misuse. We sought to assess opioid utilization and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in patients undergoing ventral hernia repair (VHR) following the implementation of a patient-tailored opioid prescribing guideline. METHODS A patient-tailored opioid prescribing guideline was implemented in March of 2018 for patients undergoing inpatient VHR in a large regional healthcare system. We retrospectively assessed opioid utilization and patient-reported outcomes among patients who did (n = 42) and did not receive guideline-based care (n = 121) between March 2018 and December 2019. PROs, operative details, and patient characteristics were extracted from the Abdominal Core Health Quality Collaborative (ACHQC) registry data, and length-of-stay and prescription information were extracted from the electronic health record system at the healthcare institution. RESULTS The milligram morphine equivalents (MME) prescribed at discharge was lower for patients receiving guideline-based care (Median = 65, interquartile range [IQR] = 50-75) than patients receiving standard care (Median = 100, IQR = 60-150). After adjusting for patient characteristics, the odds of receiving an opioid refill after discharge did not significantly differ between patient groups (P = 0.43). Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) pain scores and hernia-specific quality-of-life (HerQLes) scores at follow-up also did not differ between patients receiving guideline-based care (Mean PROMIS = 57.3; Mean HerQLes = 53.1) versus those that did not (Mean PROMIS = 56.7; Mean HerQLes = 46.6). CONCLUSIONS Patients who received tailored, guideline-based opioid prescriptions were discharged with lower opioid dosages and did not require more opioid refills than patients receiving standard opioid prescriptions. Additionally, we found no differences in pain or quality-of-life scores after discharge, indicating the opioids prescribed under the guideline were sufficient for patients.
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Perioperative Pain Management With Opioid Analgesics in Colpopexy Increases Risk of New Persistent Opioid Usage. UROGYNECOLOGY (HAGERSTOWN, MD.) 2023; 29:183-190. [PMID: 36735432 DOI: 10.1097/spv.0000000000001305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Although the use of perioperative pain medications is highly investigated, limited studies have examined the usage of pain medication for post hysterectomy prolapse repair and the few that have have been restricted to smaller sample sizes. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to assess the association of perioperative opioid usage after posthysterectomy prolapse repairs with development of new persistent opioid usage. STUDY DESIGN The TriNetX Diamond Research Network was queried to create our cohorts of opioid-naive adult women with vaginal repair or laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy. The primary study outcomes were (1) the rate of perioperative opioid usage and (2) development of new persistent opioid usage. All cohorts were matched on age, race, ethnicity, chronic kidney disease, hypertensive diseases, ischemic heart disease, diseases of the liver, obstructive sleep apnea, affective mood disorders, pelvic and perineal pain, obesity, tobacco use, and utilization of office/outpatient, inpatient, or emergency department services. RESULTS We identified 10,414 opioid-naive women who underwent laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy and 13,305 opioid-naive women who underwent vaginal reconstruction. Rates of perioperative opioid usage were higher after laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy. Rates of developing new opioid usage were higher in both surgical-approach populations that received perioperative opioids compared with those that did not. Rates of new and persistent opioid usage did not differ by surgical approach when stratified by perioperative opioid usage. CONCLUSIONS We identified that opioid dependence may occur after surgery if patients are given opioids within 7 days of either approach, associating opioid dependence with perioperative opioid usage rather than the approach taken.
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10
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Dowell D, Ragan KR, Jones CM, Baldwin GT, Chou R. CDC Clinical Practice Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Pain - United States, 2022. MMWR Recomm Rep 2022; 71:1-95. [PMID: 36327391 PMCID: PMC9639433 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.rr7103a1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 446] [Impact Index Per Article: 223.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
This guideline provides recommendations for clinicians providing pain care, including those prescribing opioids, for outpatients aged ≥18 years. It updates the CDC Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain - United States, 2016 (MMWR Recomm Rep 2016;65[No. RR-1]:1-49) and includes recommendations for managing acute (duration of <1 month), subacute (duration of 1-3 months), and chronic (duration of >3 months) pain. The recommendations do not apply to pain related to sickle cell disease or cancer or to patients receiving palliative or end-of-life care. The guideline addresses the following four areas: 1) determining whether or not to initiate opioids for pain, 2) selecting opioids and determining opioid dosages, 3) deciding duration of initial opioid prescription and conducting follow-up, and 4) assessing risk and addressing potential harms of opioid use. CDC developed the guideline using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) framework. Recommendations are based on systematic reviews of the scientific evidence and reflect considerations of benefits and harms, patient and clinician values and preferences, and resource allocation. CDC obtained input from the Board of Scientific Counselors of the National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (a federally chartered advisory committee), the public, and peer reviewers. CDC recommends that persons with pain receive appropriate pain treatment, with careful consideration of the benefits and risks of all treatment options in the context of the patient's circumstances. Recommendations should not be applied as inflexible standards of care across patient populations. This clinical practice guideline is intended to improve communication between clinicians and patients about the benefits and risks of pain treatments, including opioid therapy; improve the effectiveness and safety of pain treatment; mitigate pain; improve function and quality of life for patients with pain; and reduce risks associated with opioid pain therapy, including opioid use disorder, overdose, and death.
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11
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Hunter OO, Kou A, Leng JC, Mariano ER. A simple checkbox reminder may influence postoperative opioid prescribing behaviour in acute pain service clinicians. Anaesthesia 2022; 77:1167-1169. [PMID: 35737434 DOI: 10.1111/anae.15790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O O Hunter
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - A Kou
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - J C Leng
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - E R Mariano
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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12
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Morse KW, Heinz NK, Abolade JM, Wright-Chisem J, Alice Russell L, Zhang M, Mirza S, Pearce-Fisher D, Orange DE, Figgie MP, Sculco PK, Goodman SM. Factors Associated With Increasing Length of Stay for Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Undergoing Total Hip Arthroplasty and Total Knee Arthroplasty. HSS J 2022; 18:196-204. [PMID: 35645648 PMCID: PMC9096994 DOI: 10.1177/15563316221076603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: Total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are cost-effective procedures that decrease pain and improve health-related quality of life for patients with advanced symptomatic arthritis, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Patients with RA have a longer length of stay (LOS) after THA or TKA than patients with osteoarthritis, yet the factors contributing to LOS have not been investigated. Purpose: We sought to identify the factors contributing to LOS for patients with RA undergoing THA and TKA at a single tertiary care orthopedic specialty hospital. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed data from a prospectively collected cohort of 252 RA patients undergoing either THA or TKA. Demographics, RA characteristics, medications, serologies, and disease activity were collected preoperatively. Linear regression was performed to explore the relationship between LOS (log-transformed) and possible predictors. A multivariate model was constructed through backward selection using significant predictors from a univariate analysis. Results: Of the 252 patients with RA, 83% were women; they had a median disease duration of 14 years and moderate disease activity at the time of arthroplasty. We had LOS data on 240 (95%) of the cases. The mean LOS was 3.4 ± 1.5 days. The multivariate analysis revealed a longer LOS for RA patients who underwent TKA versus THA, were women versus men, required a blood transfusion, and took preoperative opioids. Conclusion: Our retrospective study found that increased postoperative LOS in RA patients undergoing THA or TKA was associated with factors both non-modifiable (type of surgery, sex) and modifiable (postoperative blood transfusion, preoperative opioid use). These findings suggest that preoperative optimization of the patient with RA might focus on improving anemia and reducing opioid use in efforts to shorten LOS. More rigorous study is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle W. Morse
- Department of Medicine, Hospital for
Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA,Kyle W. Morse, MD, Department of Medicine,
Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 E 70th St., New York, NY 10021, USA.
| | - Nicole K. Heinz
- Department of Medicine, Hospital for
Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeremy M. Abolade
- Department of Medicine, Hospital for
Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Linda Alice Russell
- Department of Medicine, Hospital for
Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell
Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Feinstein
Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Serene Mirza
- Department of Medicine, Hospital for
Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Dana E. Orange
- Department of Medicine, Hospital for
Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA,Rockefeller University, New York, NY,
USA
| | - Mark P. Figgie
- Department of Medicine, Hospital for
Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell
Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter K. Sculco
- Department of Medicine, Hospital for
Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell
Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Susan M. Goodman
- Department of Medicine, Hospital for
Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell
Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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13
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Strategies aimed at preventing long-term opioid use in trauma and orthopaedic surgery: a scoping review. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2022; 23:238. [PMID: 35277150 PMCID: PMC8917706 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-022-05044-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Long-term opioid use, which may have significant individual and societal impacts, has been documented in up to 20% of patients after trauma or orthopaedic surgery. The objectives of this scoping review were to systematically map the research on strategies aiming to prevent chronic opioid use in these populations and to identify knowledge gaps in this area.
Methods
This scoping review is reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) Checklist. We searched seven databases and websites of relevant organizations. Selected studies and guidelines were published between January 2008 and September 2021. Preventive strategies were categorized as: system-based, pharmacological, educational, multimodal, and others. We summarized findings using measures of central tendency and frequency along with p-values. We also reported the level of evidence and the strength of recommendations presented in clinical guidelines.
Results
A total of 391 studies met the inclusion criteria after initial screening from which 66 studies and 20 guidelines were selected. Studies mainly focused on orthopaedic surgery (62,1%), trauma (30.3%) and spine surgery (7.6%). Among system-based strategies, hospital-based individualized opioid tapering protocols, and regulation initiatives limiting the prescription of opioids were associated with statistically significant decreases in morphine equivalent doses (MEDs) at 1 to 3 months following trauma and orthopaedic surgery. Among pharmacological strategies, only the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and beta blockers led to a significant reduction in MEDs up to 12 months after orthopaedic surgery. Most studies on educational strategies, multimodal strategies and psychological strategies were associated with significant reductions in MEDs beyond 1 month. The majority of recommendations from clinical practice guidelines were of low level of evidence.
Conclusions
This scoping review advances knowledge on existing strategies to prevent long-term opioid use in trauma and orthopaedic surgery patients. We observed that system-based, educational, multimodal and psychological strategies are the most promising. Future research should focus on determining which strategies should be implemented particularly in trauma patients at high risk for long-term use, testing those that can promote a judicious prescription of opioids while preventing an illicit use, and evaluating their effects on relevant patient-reported and social outcomes.
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14
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De Cassai A, Geraldini F, Tulgar S, Ahiskalioglu A, Mariano ER, Dost B, Fusco P, Petroni GM, Costa F, Navalesi P. Opioid-free anesthesia in oncologic surgery: the rules of the game. JOURNAL OF ANESTHESIA, ANALGESIA AND CRITICAL CARE (ONLINE) 2022; 2:8. [PMID: 37386559 DOI: 10.1186/s44158-022-00037-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Opioids are frequently used in the postoperative period due to their analgesic properties. While these drugs reduce nociceptive somatic, visceral, and neuropathic pain, they may also lead to undesirable effects such as respiratory depression, urinary retention, nausea and vomiting, constipation, itching, opioid-induced hyperalgesia, tolerance, addiction, and immune system disorders. Anesthesiologists are in the critical position of finding balance between using opioids when they are necessary and implementing opioid-sparing strategies to avoid the known harmful effects. This article aims to give an overview of opioid-free anesthesia. MAIN BODY This paper presents an overview of opioid-free anesthesia and opioid-sparing anesthetic techniques. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies are discussed, highlighting the possible advantages and drawbacks of each approach. CONCLUSIONS Choosing the best anesthetic protocol for a patient undergoing cancer surgery is not an easy task and the available literature provides no definitive answers. In our opinion, opioid-sparing strategies should always be implemented in routine practice and opioid-free anesthesia should be considered whenever possible. Non-pharmacological strategies such as patient education, while generally underrepresented in scientific literature, may warrant consideration in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro De Cassai
- UOC Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Padua, Via Giustiniani 1, 35127, Padua, Italy.
| | - Federico Geraldini
- UOC Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Padua, Via Giustiniani 1, 35127, Padua, Italy
| | - Serkan Tulgar
- Samsun University Faculty of Medicine, Training and Research Hospital, Samsun, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Ali Ahiskalioglu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Ataturk University Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
- Clinical Research, Development and Design Application and Research Center, Ataturk University School of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Edward R Mariano
- Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Burhan Dost
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Ondokuz Mayis University Faculty of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Pierfrancesco Fusco
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, San Salvatore Academic Hospital of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Gian Marco Petroni
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Fabio Costa
- Unit of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Management, Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Navalesi
- UOC Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Padua, Via Giustiniani 1, 35127, Padua, Italy
- University of Padova, Department of Medicine, Padua, Italy
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15
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Abstract
This review summarizes current evidence related to perioperative opioid prescription fulfillment and use and discusses the role of personalized anesthesia care in mitigating opioid-related harms without compromising analgesia.
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16
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Randall DJ, Vanood A, Jee Y, Moore DD. National and State Level Opioid-Restricting Legislation in Total Joint Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review. J Arthroplasty 2022; 37:176-185. [PMID: 34456092 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2021.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The opioid epidemic is a health crisis in the United States. Within orthopedic surgery, opioid misuse and incautious prescription remains a concern. In the last several years, there has been a growing interest and public effort toward reducing opioid use in total joint arthroplasty (TJA) in response to the opioid epidemic in the United States. We aim to review opioid-limiting practices, policies, and legislations that are implemented at the state level and nationally that are relevant to TJA, as well as evaluate studies that measure the efficacy of these policies in the management of patients undergoing TJA. METHODS Two independent reviewers conducted a systematic review of national and state level opioid-limiting policies implemented in the United States and their effects on opioid prescription, in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement (PRISMA). RESULTS We identified 3 national bills and 9 policies set forth by national organizations that imposed limits on opioid prescription. Opioid-reducing legislation was also identified in 24 states, with the majority specifying a 7-day limit on initial opioid prescription for acute pain management. Six research studies evaluating the impact of opioid-restricting policies on postoperative opioid prescription for TJA patients were found. Three studies assessed legislation at the state level while the others were institution-based guidelines. Overall, these studies demonstrated a significant decrease in mean morphine milligram equivalents of initial opioid prescription after implementing the policies. CONCLUSION Recent opioid-restricting legislation is effective in decreasing postoperative opioid prescriptions following TJA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin J Randall
- Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI
| | - Aimen Vanood
- Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI; Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ
| | - Young Jee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI
| | - Drew D Moore
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI
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17
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Mariano ER, Dickerson DM, Szokol JW, Harned M, Mueller JT, Philip BK, Baratta JL, Gulur P, Robles J, Schroeder KM, Wyatt KEK, Schwalb JM, Schwenk ES, Wardhan R, Kim TS, Higdon KK, Krishnan DG, Shilling AM, Schwartz G, Wiechmann L, Doan LV, Elkassabany NM, Yang SC, Muse IO, Eloy JD, Mehta V, Shah S, Johnson RL, Englesbe MJ, Kallen A, Mukkamala SB, Walton A, Buvanendran A. A multisociety organizational consensus process to define guiding principles for acute perioperative pain management. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2021; 47:118-127. [PMID: 34552003 DOI: 10.1136/rapm-2021-103083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The US Health and Human Services Pain Management Best Practices Inter-Agency Task Force initiated a public-private partnership which led to the publication of its report in 2019. The report emphasized the need for individualized, multimodal, and multidisciplinary approaches to pain management that decrease the over-reliance on opioids, increase access to care, and promote widespread education on pain and substance use disorders. The Task Force specifically called on specialty organizations to work together to develop evidence-based guidelines. In response to this report's recommendations, a consortium of 14 professional healthcare societies committed to a 2-year project to advance pain management for the surgical patient and improve opioid safety. The modified Delphi process included two rounds of electronic voting and culminated in a live virtual event in February 2021, during which seven common guiding principles were established for acute perioperative pain management. These principles should help to inform local action and future development of clinical practice recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward R Mariano
- Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA .,Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - David M Dickerson
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois, USA.,Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Joseph W Szokol
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michael Harned
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Pain Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jeffrey T Mueller
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Beverly K Philip
- American Society of Anesthesiologists, Schaumburg, Illinois, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jaime L Baratta
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Padma Gulur
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jennifer Robles
- Department of Urology, Division of Endourology and Stone Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Surgical Service, Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kristopher M Schroeder
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Karla E K Wyatt
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jason M Schwalb
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Henry Ford Medical Group, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Eric S Schwenk
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Richa Wardhan
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Todd S Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Palo Alto Medical Foundation, Burlingame, California, USA
| | - Kent K Higdon
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Deepak G Krishnan
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Ashley M Shilling
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Gary Schwartz
- AABP Integrative Pain Care, Brooklyn, New York, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Lisa Wiechmann
- Department of Surgery, NewYork-Presbyterian/Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lisa V Doan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and Pain Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nabil M Elkassabany
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stephen C Yang
- Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Iyabo O Muse
- Department of Anesthesiology, Westchester Medical Center/New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Jean D Eloy
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Vikas Mehta
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Shalini Shah
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Care, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, California, USA
| | - Rebecca L Johnson
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Amanda Kallen
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Ashley Walton
- American Society of Anesthesiologists, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Asokumar Buvanendran
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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18
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Bérubé M, Dupuis S, Leduc S, Roy I, Côté C, Grzelak S, Clairoux S, Panic S, Lauzier F. Tapering Opioid Prescription Program for High-Risk Trauma Patients: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Pain Manag Nurs 2021; 23:142-150. [PMID: 34479822 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmn.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic opioid use has been documented in up to 20% of patients with traumatic injuries. Hence, we developed the Tapering Opioids Prescription Program for high-risk Trauma (TOPP-Trauma) patients. AIMS To assess the feasibility and acceptability of TOPP-Trauma, examine the feasibility of the research methods, and describe its potential efficacy in reducing long-term opioid use. DESIGN A two-arm pilot randomized controlled trial. METHODS Fifty participants discharged home were assigned to TOPP-Trauma or an educational pamphlet. Feasibility was assessed based on ability to provide the program components. The acceptability was assessed with the Treatment Acceptability and Preference Questionnaire. The feasibility of the research methods was evaluated according to standard parameters. Self-reported morphine equivalent dose (MED) and MEDs supplied by pharmacies were measured at 6 and 12 weeks. RESULTS Eighty percent or more of TOPP-Trauma components were delivered as planned, and the program was deemed highly acceptable. Approximately 10% of screened patients were eligible. Eighty-five percent of eligible patients agreed to participate with 20% attrition rates. TOPP-Trauma participants used less MED/day compared to the control group at 6 and 12 weeks (1.2. vs. 12.2 mg; 0.4. vs 4.0 mg), and pharmacies supplied less than half of cumulative MEDs to those who received the program at 12 weeks, but the differences were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Some challenges need to be addressed before testing TOPP-Trauma. These include creating strategies to decrease attrition, offering the program throughout the care continuum to higher risk patients, and evaluating the impacts of reduced opioid use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Bérubé
- Research Center of the CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Population Health and Optimal Practices Research Unit (Trauma-Emergency-Critical Care Medicine), Quebec City, Canada; Faculty of Nursing, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada.
| | - Sébastien Dupuis
- Pharmacy Department, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Stéphane Leduc
- Orthopaedic Department, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Isabel Roy
- Trauma Program, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, 5400 Boulevard Gouin, Monteal, Canada
| | - Caroline Côté
- Research Center of the CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Population Health and Optimal Practices Research Unit (Trauma-Emergency-Critical Care Medicine), Quebec City, Canada; Faculty of Nursing, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Sonia Grzelak
- Research Center of the CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Population Health and Optimal Practices Research Unit (Trauma-Emergency-Critical Care Medicine), Quebec City, Canada; Faculty of Nursing, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Sarah Clairoux
- Pharmacy Department, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Stéphane Panic
- Trauma Program, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, 5400 Boulevard Gouin, Monteal, Canada
| | - François Lauzier
- Research Center of the CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Population Health and Optimal Practices Research Unit (Trauma-Emergency-Critical Care Medicine), Quebec City, Canada
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19
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Kohan L, Potru S, Barreveld A, Sprintz M, Lane O, Aryal A, Emerick T, Dopp A, Chhay S, Viscusi E. Buprenorphine management in the perioperative period: educational review and recommendations from a multisociety expert panel. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2021; 46:840-859. [PMID: 34385292 DOI: 10.1136/rapm-2021-103007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The past two decades have witnessed an epidemic of opioid use disorder (OUD) in the USA, resulting in catastrophic loss of life secondary to opioid overdoses. Medication treatment of opioid use disorder (MOUD) is effective, yet barriers to care continue to result in a large proportion of untreated individuals. Optimal analgesia can be obtained in patients with MOUD within the perioperative period. Anesthesiologists and pain physicians can recommend and consider initiating MOUD in patients with suspected OUD at the point of care; this can serve as a bridge to comprehensive treatment and ultimately save lives. METHODS The Board of Directors of the American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, American Society of Anesthesiologists, American Academy of Pain Medicine, American Society of Addiction Medicine and American Society of Health System Pharmacists approved the creation of a Multisociety Working Group on Opioid Use Disorder, representing the fields of pain medicine, addiction, and pharmacy health sciences. An extensive literature search was performed by members of the working group. Multiple study types were included and reviewed for quality. A modified Delphi process was used to assess the literature and expert opinion for each topic, with 100% consensus being achieved on the statements and each recommendation. The consensus statements were then graded by the committee members using the United States Preventive Services Task Force grading of evidence guidelines. In addition to the consensus recommendations, a narrative overview of buprenorphine, including pharmacology and legal statutes, was performed. RESULTS Two core topics were identified for the development of recommendations with >75% consensus as the goal for consensus; however, the working group achieved 100% consensus on both topics. Specific topics included (1) providing recommendations to aid physicians in the management of patients receiving buprenorphine for MOUD in the perioperative setting and (2) providing recommendations to aid physicians in the initiation of buprenorphine in patients with suspected OUD in the perioperative setting. CONCLUSIONS To decrease the risk of OUD recurrence, buprenorphine should not be routinely discontinued in the perioperative setting. Buprenorphine can be initiated in untreated patients with OUD and acute pain in the perioperative setting to decrease the risk of opioid recurrence and death from overdose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Kohan
- Division of Pain Medicine/Department of Anesthesia, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Sudheer Potru
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Antje Barreveld
- Tufts University School of Medicine-and Newton Wesley Hospital, Boston and Newton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael Sprintz
- Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Olabisi Lane
- Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anestheisology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Anuj Aryal
- Cedar Recovery and Deparment of Anesthesiolgy and Pain Medicine, VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System Nashville Campus, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Trent Emerick
- Department of Anesthesiolgoy and Perioperative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anna Dopp
- American Society Health System Pharmacists, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sophia Chhay
- American Society Health System Pharmacists, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Eugene Viscusi
- Thomas Jefferson University Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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20
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Burns S, Urman R, Pian R, Coppes OJM. Reducing New Persistent Opioid Use After Surgery: A Review of Interventions. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2021; 25:27. [PMID: 33760983 PMCID: PMC7990836 DOI: 10.1007/s11916-021-00943-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review aims to summarize interventions used in the perioperative period to reduce the development of new persistent postoperative opioid use in opioid-naïve patients. RECENT FINDINGS The development of new persistent opioid use after surgery has recently been identified as a common postoperative complication. The existing literature suggests that interventions across the continuum of care have been shown to decrease the incidence of new persistent postoperative opioid use. Specific preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative interventions will be reviewed, as well as the use of clinical pathways and protocols that span throughout the perioperative period. Common to many of these interventions include the use of multimodal analgesia throughout the perioperative period and an emphasis on a patient-centered, evidence-based approach to the perioperative pain management plan. While the incidence of new persistent postoperative opioid use appears to be high, the literature suggests that there are both small- and large-scale interventions that can be used to reduce this. Technological advances including prescription monitoring systems and mobile applications have enabled studies to monitor opioid consumption after discharge. Interventions that occur preoperatively, such as patient education and expectation setting regarding postoperative pain management, and interventions that occur postoperatively, such as the implementation of procedure-specific, evidence-based prescribing guidelines and protocols, have been shown to reduce post-discharge opioid consumption. The use of multimodal analgesia and opioid-sparing adjuncts throughout the perioperative period is central to many of these interventions and has essentially become standard of care for management of perioperative pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey Burns
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Richard Urman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Center for Perioperative Research, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachel Pian
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
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Rich RC, Chou R, Mariano ER, Dopp AL, Sullenger R, Burstin H. Best Practices, Research Gaps, and Future Priorities to Support Tapering Patients on Long-Term Opioid Therapy for Chronic Non-Cancer Pain in Outpatient Settings. NAM Perspect 2020; 2020:202008c. [PMID: 35291734 PMCID: PMC8916797 DOI: 10.31478/202008c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
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Patients' Experience With Opioid Pain Medication After Discharge From Surgery: A Mixed-Methods Study. J Surg Res 2020; 256:328-337. [PMID: 32731094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2020.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decreasing the number of prescription opioids has been a leading strategy in combating the opioid epidemic. In Vermont, statewide and institutional policies have affected prescribing practices, resulting in a 40% decrease in postoperative opioid prescribing. The optimal approach to postoperative opioid prescribing remains unknown. In this study, we describe patients' experience with pain control 1 wk after discharge from surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS We assessed patients' experience using a telephone questionnaire, 1-wk after discharge after undergoing common surgical procedures between 2017 and 2019 at an academic medical center (n = 1027). Scaled responses regarding pain control, opioids prescribed, and opioids used (response rate 96%) were analyzed using a mixed-methods approach; open-ended patient responses to questions regarding whether the number of opioids prescribed was "correct" were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. RESULTS One week after discharge, 96% of patients reported that their pain was well controlled. When asked whether they received the correct number of opioid pills postoperatively, qualitative analysis of patient responses yielded the following six themes: (1) I had more than I needed, but not more than I wanted; (2) Rationed medication; (3) Medication was not effective; (4) Caution regarding risks of opioids; (5) Awareness of the public health concerns; and (6) Used opioids from a prior prescription. CONCLUSIONS Patient-reported pain control after common surgical procedures was excellent. However, patients are supportive of receiving more pain medications than they actually use, and they fear that further restrictions may prevent them or others from managing pain adequately. Understanding the patients' perspective is important for surgical education and improving discharge protocols.
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Joo SS, Hunter OO, Tamboli M, Leng JC, Harrison TK, Kassab K, Keeton JD, Skirboll S, Tharin S, Saleh E, Mudumbai SC, Wang RR, Kou A, Mariano ER. Implementation of a patient-specific tapering protocol at discharge decreases total opioid dose prescribed for 6 weeks after elective primary spine surgery. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2020; 45:474-478. [DOI: 10.1136/rapm-2020-101324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Background and objectivesAt our institution, we developed an individualized discharge opioid prescribing and tapering protocol for joint replacement patients and implemented the same protocol for neurosurgical spine patients. We then tested the hypothesis that this protocol will decrease the oral morphine milligram equivalent (MME) dose of opioid prescribed postdischarge after elective primary spine surgery.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, we identified all consecutive elective primary spine surgery cases 1 year before and after introduction of the protocol. This protocol used the patient’s prior 24-hour inpatient opioid consumption to determine discharge opioid pill count and tapering schedule. The primary outcome was total opioid dose prescribed in oral MME from discharge through 6 weeks. Secondary outcomes included in-hospital opioid consumption in MME, hospital length of stay, MME prescribed at discharge, opioid refills, and rates of minor and major adverse events.ResultsEighty-three cases comprised the final sample (45 preintervention and 38 postintervention). There were no differences in baseline characteristics. The total oral MME (median (IQR)) from discharge through 6 weeks postoperatively was 900 (420–1440) preintervention compared with 300 (112–806) postintervention (p<0.01, Mann-Whitney U test), and opioid refill rates were not different between groups. There were no differences in other outcomes.ConclusionsThis patient-specific prescribing and tapering protocol effectively decreases the total opioid dose prescribed for 6 weeks postdischarge after elective primary spine surgery. Our experience also demonstrates the potential generalizability of this protocol, which was originally designed for joint replacement patients, to other surgical populations.
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Mariano ER, Schatman ME. A Commonsense Patient-Centered Approach to Multimodal Analgesia Within Surgical Enhanced Recovery Protocols. J Pain Res 2019; 12:3461-3466. [PMID: 31920369 PMCID: PMC6935269 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s238772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Edward R Mariano
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Michael E Schatman
- Department of Public Health & Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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