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Wang H, Wang X, Zhao J, Jiao H, Lin H. Low protein diet supplemented with crystalline amino acids suppressing appetite and apo-lipoprotein synthesis in laying hens. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Ruan D, Fouad AM, Zhang YN, Wang S, Chen W, Xia WG, Jiang SQ, Yang L, Zheng CT. Effects of dietary lysine on productivity, reproductive performance, protein and lipid metabolism-related gene expression in laying duck breeders. Poult Sci 2020; 98:5734-5745. [PMID: 31265113 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated whether dietary lysine (Lys) affects productive performance and expression of genes related to protein and lipid metabolism in laying duck breeders. Longyan duck breeders (n = 540, 19 wk of age) were randomly assigned to 6 groups with 6 replicates of 15 birds each. Breeders were fed diets with 6 total Lys levels (6.4, 7.2, 8.0, 8.8, 9.6, and 10.4 g/kg) for 26 wk duration. Egg production, egg weight, egg mass, feed conversion ratio, hatchability, hatchling weight, albumen weight, eggshell weight, yolk weight, and yolk proportion increased with dietary Lys levels (P < 0.05). Dietary Lys level had a linear (P < 0.05) and quadratic (P < 0.05) effects on maternal hepatic expression of mechanistic target of rapamycin, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1, ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2K (UBE2K), cathepsin B (CTSB), and quadratically (P < 0.05) increased the concentrations of plasma Lys, leucine, threonine, and tryptophan in duck breeders. In contrast, maternal dietary Lys suppressed expression of proteasome 26S subunit, UBE2K, and CTSB in the liver of hatchlings. Moreover, relative expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A, and very low density apolipoprotein-II increased linearly (P < 0.05) and quadratically (P < 0.05), and that of VLDL receptor (VLDLR) decreased quadratically (P < 0.05) in the liver of duck breeders with increasing dietary Lys levels; hepatic triglyceride and cholesterol contents were reduced. Maternal dietary Lys suppressed hepatic expression of VLDLR in the hatchlings. A diet containing 8.6 g Lys/kg promoted protein turnover and lipid metabolism in laying duck breeders, which positively reflected in the productivity and reproductive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ruan
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture; State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding; Guangdong Pubic Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China.,College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - A M Fouad
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture; State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding; Guangdong Pubic Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China.,Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Y N Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture; State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding; Guangdong Pubic Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - S Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture; State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding; Guangdong Pubic Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - W Chen
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture; State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding; Guangdong Pubic Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - W G Xia
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture; State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding; Guangdong Pubic Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - S Q Jiang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture; State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding; Guangdong Pubic Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - L Yang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - C T Zheng
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture; State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding; Guangdong Pubic Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
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Cao Z, Meng B, Fan R, Liu M, Gao M, Xing Z, Luan X. Comparative proteomic analysis of ovaries from Huoyan geese between pre-laying and laying periods using an iTRAQ-based approach. Poult Sci 2018; 97:2170-2182. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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Liu H, Liu J, Zhou T, Wang G, Lu K, Zhang T, Li L, Wang J. The contributions of hepatic de novo lipogenesis to the difference in body fat mass of genetically lean and fat duck breeds. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2017.1411264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hehe Liu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junying Liu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianyu Zhou
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guosong Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai Lu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiwen Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
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Li GS, Liu XH, Zhu H, Huang L, Liu YL, Ma CM. Skeletal muscle insulin resistance in hamsters with diabetes developed from obesity is involved in abnormal skeletal muscle LXR, PPAR and SREBP expression. Exp Ther Med 2016; 11:2259-2269. [PMID: 27284309 PMCID: PMC4887951 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic ‘lipotoxicity’ theory suggests that fat-induced skeletal muscle insulin resistance (FISMIR) in obesity induced by a high-fat diet (HFD), which leads to ectopic lipid accumulation in insulin-sensitive tissues, may play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. However, the changes in gene expression and the molecular mechanisms associated with the pathogenesis of FISMIR have not yet been fully elucidated. In the present study the changes in skeletal muscle gene expression were examined in FISMIR in obese insulin-resistant and diabetic hamster models induced by HFD with or without low-dose streptozotocin-treatment. Microarray technology and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) were used to explore the potential underlying molecular mechanisms. The pathophysiological and metabolic features of obesity and type 2 diabetes in humans are closely resembled by these hamster models. The results of microarray analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes associated with metabolism were mostly related to the abnormal regulation and changes in the gene expression of liver X receptor (LXR), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) transcriptional programs in the skeletal muscle from insulin-resistant and diabetic hamsters. The microarray findings confirmed by RT-qPCR indicated that the increased expression of SREBPs and LXRβ and the decreased expression of LXRα and PPARs were involved in the molecular mechanisms of FISMIR pathogenesis in insulin-resistant and diabetic hamsters. A significant difference in the abnormal expression of skeletal muscle LXRs, PPARs and SREBPs was found between insulin-resistant and diabetic hamsters. It may be concluded that the combined abnormal expression of LXR, PPAR and SREBP transcriptional programs may contribute to the development of FISMIR mediated by skeletal muscle lipid accumulation resulting from abnormal skeletal muscle glucose and lipid metabolism in these HFD- and streptozotocin injection-induced insulin-resistant and diabetic hamsters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Sheng Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Xu-Han Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, Liaoning 116033, P.R. China
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Lan Huang
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Li Liu
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Mei Ma
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing 100021, P.R. China
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Meng XT, Hou NN, Wang XJ, Jiao HC, Zhao JP, Song ZG, Lin H. Increased hepatic yolk precursor synthesis, secretion and facilitated uptake by follicles are involved in the rejuvenation of reproductive performance of molted hens (Gallus gallus domesticus). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2013; 194:198-207. [PMID: 24076539 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2013.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Molt, a natural behavior that is initiated at the end of a lay cycle in birds, is implicated in the regression of the reproductive system in birds followed by a rejuvenation of egg-laying potential. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the physiological basis for the apparent rejuvenation of egg production that occurs following molting. Eighty-three-week-old Hy-line hens, were obtained and subjected to forced molting. Blood and tissue samples were obtained at the beginning of molt (at 83 weeks of age), during molt (at 85 weeks of age) and postmolt (at 89 weeks of age). The laying performance, egg quality, blood parameters and gene expression in the liver and the ovary were investigated before, during and after molt. There was an obvious increase in the postmolt laying rate from 70% premolt to 93% postmolt. Eggshell thickness, albumin height, Haugh unit and egg shape index were all significantly improved after molt. The circulating levels of estrogen and progesterone were lower in the postmolt hens, whereas the concentrations of luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone were not significantly affected by molt. These results indicate that enhanced hepatic yolk precursor synthesis and secretion contribute to increased postmolt laying performance. Molt enhanced the sensitivity of sex hormones in F1 follicles. Augmented gene expression in the ovary was involved in the rejuvenation of the reproductive performance of molted hens. These results suggest that facilitated yolk-precursor uptake by follicles is involved in the rejuvenation of the reproductive performance of molted hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- X T Meng
- Lab of Econutrition, Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China; Shandong Key Lab of Animal Bioengineering and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong, PR China
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Wang XJ, Li Y, Song QQ, Guo YY, Jiao HC, Song ZG, Lin H. Corticosterone regulation of ovarian follicular development is dependent on the energy status of laying hens. J Lipid Res 2013; 54:1860-76. [PMID: 23599356 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m036301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids participate in the arousal of stress responses and trigger physiological adjustments that shift energy away from reproduction toward survival. Ovarian follicular development in avians is accompanied by the supply of yolk precursors, which are mainly synthesized in the liver. Therefore, we hypothesized energy status and hepatic lipogenesis are involved in the induction of reproductive disorders by glucocorticoids in laying hens. The results show that corticosterone decreased the laying performance by suppressing follicular development in energy-deficit state, rather than in energy-sufficient state. In corticosterone-treated hens, the suppressed follicular development was associated with the reduced availability of yolk precursor, indicated by the plasma concentration of VLDL and vitellogenin and the decreased proportion of yolk-targeted VLDL (VLDLy). Corticosterone decreased the expression of apolipoprotein B and apolipoprotein VLDL-II in the liver. A drop in VLDL receptor content and an increase in the expression of tight junction proteins occludin and claudin1 were also observed in hierarchical follicles. The results suggest corticosterone-suppressed follicular development is energy dependent. The decreased apolipoprotein synthesis and VLDLy secretion by liver are responsible for the decreased availability of circulating yolk precursor, and the upregulation of occludin and claudin expression further prevents yolk deposition into oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Juan Wang
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China
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De novo lipogenesis in the liver and adipose tissues of ducks during early growth stages after hatching. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2012; 163:154-60. [PMID: 22652187 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2012.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Revised: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In vivo de novo lipogenesis (DNL) in the liver and adipose tissues of ducks during early developmental stages after hatching has not previously been investigated. In this study, female Peking ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) at weeks 1 to 8 post-hatching were selected for experimentation. We measured the mRNA levels of 6 DNL-related genes in the duck liver, subcutaneous adipose tissue and abdominal adipose tissue by real-time PCR during the 8 weeks. Correlations of the plasma triacylglycerol (TG) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) concentrations with fat deposition at these sites were also detected during growth. Our results showed that fat content was highest in the subcutaneous adipose tissue and lowest in the liver during the growth period we studied. Additionally, plasma VLDL and TG were significantly associated with lipid content in adipose tissue (P<0.05), but not in the liver. Lastly, in the growing birds, the expression levels of lipogenic genes (with the exceptions SREBP-1c and SCD1) were much higher in the liver than in the adipose tissues, and the maximal expression levels of these genes occurred at week 4 or 5 at these sites. These findings indicated that the main site of DNL is always the liver in post-hatching ducks, and adipose tissues are of little importance for DNL. Taken together, our results suggested that the plasma lipoproteins contribute greatly to fat deposition in adipose tissues originating from hepatic lipogenesis.
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Khesht FA, Hassanabadi A. Effects of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) in chickens. Lipids Health Dis 2012; 11:20. [PMID: 22309629 PMCID: PMC3305589 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-11-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Sterol regulatory element binding protein- 1 and -2 (SREBP-1 and -2) are key transcription factors involved in the biosynthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids. The SREBP have mostly been studied in rodents in which lipogenesis is regulated in both liver and adipose tissue. There is, though, a paucity of information on birds, in which lipogenesis occurs essentially in the liver as in humans. Since a prelude to the investigation of the role of SREBP in lipid metabolism regulation in chicken, we review Size and Tissue expression Pattern of SREBP and role of this protein in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Alipour Khesht
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
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Zhang YY, Chen GH, Xu Q, Zhang HB, Duan XJ, Zhao WM, Sun GB. Polymorphism in Intron-1 of ApoVLDL-II Gene and its Association with Production Traits and Biochemical Levels in White Muscovy ( Cairina moschata). JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2010.9707148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Sun C, Wei ZW, Li Y. DHA regulates lipogenesis and lipolysis genes in mice adipose and liver. Mol Biol Rep 2010; 38:731-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0160-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2008] [Accepted: 06/24/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Yen CF, Lin EC, Wang YH, Wang PH, Lin HW, Hsu JC, Wu LS, Jiang YN, Ding ST. Abundantly expressed hepatic genes and their differential expression in liver of prelaying and laying geese. Poult Sci 2009; 88:1955-62. [PMID: 19687282 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2008-00473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Geese have a short egg-laying period and a low egg production rate. To induce and maintain egg laying, genes related to generating hepatic lipid for yolk deposition should be adequately expressed. Liver mRNA from 6 laying geese was extracted and used for construction of a full-length enriched cDNA library. About 2,400 clones containing gene sequences were determined and National Center for Biotechnology Information Gallus gallus Gene Index databases were used to compare and analyze these sequences. Ten highly expressed genes were selected to determine the differential expression between laying and prelay goose liver. Tissue distribution data showed that very low density apolipoprotein II, liver type fatty acid binding protein, vitellogenin I, and vitellogenin II transcripts were specifically expressed in the liver of laying geese. Ovoinhibitor, preproalbumin, alpha-2-hs-glycoprotein, and vitamin D binding protein mRNA were highly expressed in the liver and to a lesser extent in other tissues. Ovotransferrin mRNA was expressed in liver, ovary, oviduct, shell gland, brain, and adipose tissues. The concentration of transthyretin mRNA was high in the liver and brain. The mRNA concentrations of liver type fatty acid binding protein, alpha-2-hs-glycoprotein, and transthyretin in the livers of laying and prelay geese were not different. The concentrations of hepatic ovotransferrin, ovoinhibitor, preproalbumin, very low density apolipoprotein II, vitellogenin I, vitellogenin II, and vitamin D binding protein mRNA were higher in the liver of laying geese than in prelay geese, suggesting that these genes may be involved in laying function or lipid metabolism related to egg formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Yen
- Department of Animal Science and Technology/Center for Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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Wang PH, Ko YH, Chin HJ, Hsu C, Ding S, Chen CY. The effect of feed restriction on expression of hepatic lipogenic genes in broiler chickens and the function of SREBP1. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2009; 153:327-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2009.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2009] [Revised: 04/07/2009] [Accepted: 04/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ding ST, Yen CF, Wang PH, Lin HW, Hsu JC, Shen TF. The differential expression of hepatic genes between prelaying and laying geese. Poult Sci 2007; 86:1206-12. [PMID: 17495093 DOI: 10.1093/ps/86.6.1206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Suppression subtractive hybridization was used to detect differential expression of genes in the livers of laying and prelaying geese. Liver tissues from prelaying and laying geese were dissected for mRNA extraction. The cDNA, reverse transcribed from liver mRNA of prelaying geese, was subtracted from the cDNA generated from the laying geese (forward subtraction). Five hundred seventy-six clones with possible differentially expressed gene fragments were observed by forward subtraction hybridization. After differential screening using the reverse and forward subtraction cDNA, 164 clones were subjected to gene sequence determination and further analysis. Using Northern analysis, 5 known and 8 unknown genes were shown to be highly expressed in the livers of laying geese compared with prelaying geese. Vitellogenin I, apoVLDL-II, ethanolamine kinase, G-protein gamma-5 subunit, and leucyl-tRNA synthase were highly expressed in the livers of laying geese compared with that from the prelaying geese (P<0.05). The expression of these known genes suggests that their function in the liver of laying geese is primarily involved in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. Several of these differentially expressed genes were found to be responsive to estrogen stimulation, confirming the involvement of these genes in the egg-laying function of the goose.
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Affiliation(s)
- S T Ding
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
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Chin HJ, Ko YH, Shen TF, Ding ST. The effect of dietary docosahexaenoic acid on the expression of lipogenic genes in broilers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1071/ar05399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this work were to determine the effects of dietary fungal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on tissue DHA concentration and lipogenic gene expression in broilers. A fungal (SR-21) meal product containing 31.5% total fat and 32.7% DHA (% of total fatty acids) was fed to chicken broilers at 0, 1, or 3% for 3 weeks. A diet with 1% DHA oil (containing 40% DHA) was also fed to chicken broilers as a positive control. Dietary fungal meal supplementation (3%) improved daily weight gain, food intake, and feed conversion ratio. The fungal meal supplementation increased dietary DHA content and consequently increased the DHA content in plasma, breast muscle (Pectoralis major), and livers in the broilers. The plasma triacylglycerol concentration was decreased by the supplementation of dietary DHA. The data indicate that the dietary DHA treatment modified certain aspects of the lipid metabolism, especially pathways related to triacylglycerol synthesis. Indeed, both the 1% DHA oil and 3% fungal meal treatments decreased the hepatic lipogenic transcription factor sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1) mRNA relative abundance, suggesting that dietary DHA supplementation decreases SREBP1 gene functions. The relative mRNA abundance of the de novo fatty acid synthesis genes, fatty acid synthase and acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase, was reduced by 1% DHA oil and 3% fungal meal treatments, suggesting that dietary DHA supplementation decreases lipogenesis in the livers of the broilers. Taken together, the fungal meal is a suitable dietary supplement to increase tissue DHA content and reduce the expression of hepatic lipogenic genes in broilers.
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Chin HJ, Shen TF, Su HP, Ding ST. Schizochytrium limacinum SR-21 as a source of docosahexaenoic acid: optimal growth and use as a dietary supplement for laying hens. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1071/ar05099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Culture conditions for the marine fungus Schizochytrium limacinum SR-21 (SR-21) to produce microbial docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were evaluated, and the practicality of using this fungus product as a dietary supplement for laying Leghorn hens was investigated. The data showed that the cultured fungus produced high biomass and DHA. It generated 584 mg DHA/L of culture at the end of a 6-day culture. The fungus grew better at 25ºC than at 20ºC or 30ºC. With an increase in glucose concentration from 1% to 5% in the culture medium, biomass and DHA production were enhanced. A 6% glucose treatment reduced the biomass production compared with 5% glucose. A bioreactor was used to mass-produce SR-21. The biomass was increased from 1.12 g/L at Day 0 to 12 g/L at Day 4. We established optimal culture conditions of 5% glucose, 2% sea salt, and 1% yeast extract for SR-21. Three concentrations of dried fungal meal (0, 1, or 3% in the diet) were fed to birds over a 3-week period. There were no negative effects of 1 and 3% dietary SR-21 on egg production, egg weight, and egg yolk weight. The DHA content of yolk was increased by the dietary supplementation with the fungal meal both in the 1 and 3% treatments. Dietary fungal meal treatments increased the DHA concentrations of liver and plasma. However, dietary DHA enrichment had no effect on the expression of hepatic lipogenic genes in laying hens.
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