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Liu J, Wu Q, Malakar PK, Zhu Y, Zhao Y, Zhang Z. Mining and multifaceted applications of phage lysin for combatting Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Food Res Int 2024; 192:114819. [PMID: 39147512 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus, a prevalent foodborne pathogen found in both water and seafood, poses substantial risks to public health. The conventional countermeasure, antibiotics, has exacerbated the issue of antibiotic resistance, increasing the difficulty of controlling this bacterium. Phage lysins, as naturally occurring active proteins, offer a safe and reliable strategy to mitigate the impact of V. parahaemolyticus on public health. However, there is currently a research gap concerning bacteriophage lysins specific to Vibrio species. To address this, our study innovatively and systematically evaluates 37 phage lysins sourced from the NCBI database, revealing a diverse array of conserved domains and notable variations in similarity among Vibrio phage lysins. Three lysins, including Lyz_V_pgrp, Lyz_V_prgp60, and Lyz_V_zlis, were successfully expressed and purified. Optimal enzymatic activity was observed at 45℃, 800 mM NaCl, and pH 8-10, with significant enhancements noted in the presence of 1 mM membrane permeabilizers such as EDTA or organic acids. These lysins demonstrated effective inhibition against 63 V. parahaemolyticus isolates from clinical, food, and environmental sources, including the reversal of partial resistance, synergistic interactions with antibiotics, and disruption of biofilms. Flow cytometry analyses revealed that the combination of Lyz_V_pgp60 and gentamicin markedly increased bacterial killing rates. Notably, Lyz_V_pgrp, Lyz_V_pgp60, and Lyz_V_zlis exhibited highly efficient biofilm hydrolysis, clearing over 90 % of preformed V. parahaemolyticus biofilms within 48 h. Moreover, these lysins significantly reduced bacterial loads in various food samples and environmental sources, with reductions averaging between 1.06 and 1.29 Log CFU/cm2 on surfaces such as stainless-steel and bamboo cutting boards and approximately 0.87 CFU/mL in lake water and sediment samples. These findings underscore the exceptional efficacy and versatile application potential of phage lysins, offering a promising avenue for controlling V. parahaemolyticus contamination in both food and environmental contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, 999# Hu Cheng Huan Road, Shanghai 201306, China; International Research Center for Food and Health, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Qian Wu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, 999# Hu Cheng Huan Road, Shanghai 201306, China; International Research Center for Food and Health, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Pradeep K Malakar
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, 999# Hu Cheng Huan Road, Shanghai 201306, China; International Research Center for Food and Health, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yongheng Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, 999# Hu Cheng Huan Road, Shanghai 201306, China; International Research Center for Food and Health, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, 999# Hu Cheng Huan Road, Shanghai 201306, China; International Research Center for Food and Health, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 999# Hu Cheng Huan Road, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, 999# Hu Cheng Huan Road, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Zhaohuan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, 999# Hu Cheng Huan Road, Shanghai 201306, China; International Research Center for Food and Health, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
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Weerasooriya G, Dulakshi HMT, de Alwis PS, Bandara S, Premarathne KRPS, Dissanayake N, Liyanagunawardena N, Wijemuni MI, Priyantha MAR. Persistence of Salmonella and Campylobacter on Whole Chicken Carcasses under the Different Chlorine Concentrations Used in the Chill Tank of Processing Plants in Sri Lanka. Pathogens 2024; 13:664. [PMID: 39204264 PMCID: PMC11357365 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13080664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The persistence of non-typhoidal Salmonella and Campylobacter in chicken meat is a considerable public health risk and a future challenge. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Salmonella and Campylobacter in poultry processing lines where different chlorine concentrations were used in the chill tank. The samples were collected from four types of processing plants in Sri Lanka, considering the chlorine concentration used in the chill tank, which ranged from 2 ppm to 50 ppm. Salmonella and Campylobacter were isolated from whole carcass washings, neck skin, and cecal samples. Subsequently, an antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed for the isolates. The results revealed the overall prevalence of Salmonella and Campylobacter was 78.25% and 63.5%, respectively. Positive percentages of Salmonella and Campylobacter were high in the carcasses compared to the neck skin and ceca. The Campylobacter counts on the whole carcasses were significantly low (p < 0.001), at higher chlorine concentrations ranging from 20 to 30 ppm and 40 to 50 ppm. The pathogen prevalence in the whole carcasses was 84.7% Campylobacter coli, 39.1% Campylobacter jejuni, 71.1% Salmonella Typhimurium, and 28.8% Salmonella Infantis. The highest resistance was observed for tetracycline (63.8%) in Salmonella, while it was for gentamicin (87.8%) in Campylobacter. The prevalence percentage of multidrug-resistant Campylobacter was 51.2%, while it was 2.12% for Salmonella. The persistence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella and Campylobacter on the post-chill carcasses was highlighted in the present study as a significant public health threat that has to be addressed urgently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayani Weerasooriya
- Bacteriology Division, Veterinary Research Institute, Peradeniya P.O. Box 28, Sri Lanka (P.S.d.A.); (K.R.P.S.P.); (M.I.W.); (M.A.R.P.)
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3
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Isolation and characterization of Aeromonas hydrophila lytic phage, and evaluation of a phage cocktail against A. hydrophila contamination in fish fillet. Food Control 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Chowdhury MAH, Ashrafudoulla M, Mevo SIU, Mizan MFR, Park SH, Ha SD. Current and future interventions for improving poultry health and poultry food safety and security: A comprehensive review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:1555-1596. [PMID: 36815737 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Poultry is thriving across the globe. Chicken meat is the most preferred poultry worldwide, and its popularity is increasing. However, poultry also threatens human hygiene, especially as a fomite of infectious diseases caused by the major foodborne pathogens (Campylobacter, Salmonella, and Listeria). Preventing pathogenic bacterial biofilm is crucial in the chicken industry due to increasing food safety hazards caused by recurring contamination and the rapid degradation of meat, as well as the increased resistance of bacteria to cleaning and disinfection procedures commonly used in chicken processing plants. To address this, various innovative and promising strategies to combat bacterial resistance and biofilm are emerging to improve food safety and quality and extend shelf-life. In particular, natural compounds are attractive because of their potential antimicrobial activities. Natural compounds can also boost the immune system and improve poultry health and performance. In addition to phytochemicals, bacteriophages, nanoparticles, coatings, enzymes, and probiotics represent unique and environmentally friendly strategies in the poultry processing industry to prevent foodborne pathogens from reaching the consumer. Lactoferrin, bacteriocin, antimicrobial peptides, cell-free supernatants, and biosurfactants are also of considerable interest for their prospective application as natural antimicrobials for improving the safety of raw poultry meat. This review aims to describe the feasibility of these proposed strategies and provide an overview of recent published evidences to control microorganisms in the poultry industry, considering the human health, food safety, and economic aspects of poultry production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Md Ashrafudoulla
- Food Science and Technology Department, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-Si, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Si Hong Park
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Sang-Do Ha
- Food Science and Technology Department, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-Si, Republic of Korea
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Applegate SF, Englishbey AK, Stephens TP, Sanchez-Plata MX. Development and Verification of a Poultry Management Tool to Quantify Salmonella from Live to Final Product Utilizing RT-PCR. Foods 2023; 12:foods12020419. [PMID: 36673511 PMCID: PMC9857503 DOI: 10.3390/foods12020419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The United States Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service (USDA FSIS) does not maintain a zero-tolerance policy for Salmonella in poultry and poultry products, despite being a known food safety hazard throughout the poultry industry. In 2016, USDA FSIS established performance standards for a 52-week moving window with the maximum acceptable percent positive for comminuted turkey (325 g sample) at 13.5% (7 of 52 samples). Based upon FSIS verification sampling results from one 52-week moving window, the Salmonella prevalence for each poultry establishment in category 1 (below limit), 2 (meeting limit), or 3 (exceeding limit) are published for public viewing. Moreover, many poultry producers continue to have post-intervention samples test positive. Therefore, the use of quantification would be more valuable to determine the efficacy of process control interventions, corrective actions, and final product Log CFU/g of Salmonella to make rapid, within shift, food safety decisions. Therefore, the objectives of these studies are to develop, verify, and validate a rapid and reliable quantification method utilizing RT-PCR to enumerate Salmonella in the poultry industry from flock to final product and to utilize the method in an application study. BAX® System SalQuant® is an application of the BAX® System Real-Time PCR Assay for Salmonella to enumerate low levels of Salmonella with shortened enrichment times. Curve development encompassed inoculating poultry matrix samples at four levels with an ATCC strain of Salmonella, with three biological replicates per inoculation level, and five technical replicates being run on the BAX® System for various timepoints, gathering the data, and creating a linear-fit equation. A linear-fit equation was provided for each timepoint. The ideal timepoint, based on the statistical parameters surrounding the equation (R2 > 0.80, Log RMSE < 0.60, and enumerable range 0.00 to 4.00 Log CFU/mL (g)) that most accurately estimate Salmonella compared to most probable number (MPN), was chosen to be utilized for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savannah F. Applegate
- International Center for Food Industry Excellence, Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - April K. Englishbey
- Qualicon Diagnostics Division, Hygiena, LLC, 2 Boulden Circle, New Castle, DE 19720, USA
| | - Tyler P. Stephens
- Qualicon Diagnostics Division, Hygiena, LLC, 2 Boulden Circle, New Castle, DE 19720, USA
| | - Marcos X. Sanchez-Plata
- International Center for Food Industry Excellence, Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-979-595-5208
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Bacteriophage and their lysins: A new era of biocontrol for inactivation of pathogenic bacteria in poultry processing and production—A review. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.108976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Chrapačienė S, Rasiukevičiūtė N, Valiuškaitė A. Biocontrol of Carrot Disease-Causing Pathogens Using Essential Oils. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10112231. [PMID: 34834594 PMCID: PMC8622471 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Diseases caused by fungal pathogens such as Alternaria spp. damage the commercial appearance of carrots or cause foliage diseases, resulting in significant yield losses each year and are a source of pre- and postharvest rots. European commission encourages the reduction of chemical pesticides. Therefore, the potential of essential oils for alternative plant protection is increasingly discussed. Furthermore, essential oils naturally produced by aromatic plants are rich in secondary metabolites, which possess several biological activities, and their use could be a significant step in environmentally friendly food production. This study aimed to evaluate the Origanum vulgare subsp. vulgare and Origanum vulgare subsp. hirtum essential oils efficacy on Alternaria spp. growth inhibition. A Clevenger-type apparatus was used to extract the essential oils from the fresh material. The Alternaria spp. radial colony growth was evaluated under essential oils concentrations from 200 to 600 µL L-1. Each essential oil separately was mixed with a PDA medium and Alternaria spp. disk placed in the center of the Petri dishes. Plates were incubated at 25 °C in the dark and evaluated 1, 2, 3, and 7 days after inoculation. The results revealed little difference between the essential oils, and the most effective concentration was 600 µL L-1 of O. vulgare subsp. vulgare essential oil and 400 µL L-1 of O. vulgare subsp. hirtum. Our findings can help to control carrot disease-causing pathogens Alternaria spp., but further research is needed.
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Maidin NNM, Buyong MR, Rahim RA, Mohamed MA. Dielectrophoresis applications in biomedical field and future perspectives in biomedical technology. Electrophoresis 2021; 42:2033-2059. [PMID: 34346062 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Dielectrophoresis (DEP) is a technique to manipulate trajectories of polarisable particles in non-uniform electric fields by utilising unique dielectric properties. The manipulation of a cell using DEP has been demonstrated in various modes, thereby indicating potential applications in the biomedical field. In this review, recent DEP applications in the biomedical field are discussed. This review is intended to highlight research work that shows significant approach related to dielectrophoresis application in biomedical field reported between 2016 and 2020. Firstly, single-shell model and multiple-shell model of cells are introduced. Current device structures and recently introduced electrode patterns for DEP applications are discussed. Secondly, the biomedical uses of DEP in liquid biopsies, stem cell therapies, and diagnosis of infectious diseases due to bacteria and viruses are presented. Finally, the challenges in DEP research are discussed, and the reported solutions are explained. DEP's potential research directions are mentioned. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Nasyifa Mohd Maidin
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronic (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, 43600, Malaysia
| | - Muhamad Ramdzan Buyong
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronic (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, 43600, Malaysia
| | - Ruslinda A Rahim
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering (INEE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar, Perlis, 01000, Malaysia.,National Nanotechnology Centre (NNC), Ministry of Science Technology and Innovation (MOSTI), Federal Government Administrative Centre, Putrajaya, 62662, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Ambri Mohamed
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronic (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, 43600, Malaysia
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Abstract
Food safety remains a significant public health issue for the poultry industry. Foodborne pathogens can be in contact at all phases of poultry production, from initial hatch to processing and ultimately to retail and meal preparation. Salmonella and Campylobacter have been considered the primary foodborne pathogens associated with poultry. Both organisms are major causative agents of human foodborne illness. Limiting these pathogens in poultry production requires identifying their sources and routes of transmission. This involves the ability to isolate and precisely identify them using methodologies capable of discernment at the genome level. Interventions to reduce their occurrence in poultry production employ two basic strategies: prevention of establishment and elimination of already-established pathogens. This review provides an overview of current findings and prospects for further research on poultry food safety issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven C Ricke
- Meat Science & Animal Biologics Discovery Program, Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA;
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10
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Thames HT, Theradiyil Sukumaran A. A Review of Salmonella and Campylobacter in Broiler Meat: Emerging Challenges and Food Safety Measures. Foods 2020; 9:E776. [PMID: 32545362 PMCID: PMC7353592 DOI: 10.3390/foods9060776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Poultry is one of the largest sources of animal-based protein in the United States. Poultry processing has grown from a small local network of plants to nearly 500 plants nationwide. Two of the most persistent bacteria in poultry processing are Salmonella and Campylobacter. It was not until the introduction of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point systems in 1996 that major efforts to reduce bacterial contamination were developed. Traditionally, chlorine has been the industry standard for decontaminating chicken meat. However, antimicrobials such as peracetic acid, cetylpyridinium chloride, and acidified sodium chlorite have replaced chlorine as primary antimicrobials. Despite current interventions, the emergence of stress-tolerant and biofilm-forming Salmonella and Campylobacter is of primary concern. In an effort to offset growing tolerance from microbes, novel techniques such as cold plasma treatment, electrostatic spraying, and bacteriophage-based applications have been investigated as alternatives to conventional treatments, while new chemical antimicrobials such as Amplon and sodium ferrate are investigated as well. This review provides an overview of poultry processing in the United States, major microbes in poultry processing, current interventions, emerging issues, and emerging technologies in antimicrobial treatments.
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Mizan MFR, Ashrafudoulla M, Hossain MI, Cho HR, Ha SD. Effect of essential oils on pathogenic and biofilm-forming Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains. BIOFOULING 2020; 36:467-478. [PMID: 32515601 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2020.1772243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effect of three essential oils (EOs) - clove oil (CO), thyme oil (TO), and garlic oil (GO), which are generally recognized as safe - on the planktonic growth, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), motility, biofilm formation, and quorum sensing (QS) of Vibrio parahaemolyticus was investigated. All three EOs showed bacteriostatic activity, with MICs in the range 0.02%-0.09% (v/v). CO and TO completely controlled planktonic growth at 0.28% and 0.08% (v/v), which is four times their MIC (4 × MIC), after 10 min, whereas GO completely controlled growth at 0.36% (v/v) (4 × MIC) after treatment for 20 min. V. parahaemolyticus motility was significantly reduced by all three EOs at 4 × MIC (0.28% for CO, 0.08% for TO, and 0.36% for GO), whereas QS was controlled and biofilm formation reduced by all three EOs at 8 × MIC (0.56% for CO, 0.16% for TO, and 0.72% for GO) after 30 min of treatment. These results suggest that CO, TO, and GO have a significant inhibitory effect on V. parahaemolyticus cells in biofilm sand thus represent a promising strategy for improving food safety. These results provide the evidence required to encourage further research into the practical use of the proposed EOs in food preparation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Md Ashrafudoulla
- Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Md Iqbal Hossain
- Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Hye-Ran Cho
- Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Sang-Do Ha
- Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
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Jones-Ibarra AM, Alvarado CZ, Coufal CD, Taylor TM. Sanitization of Chicken Frames by a Combination of Hydrogen Peroxide and UV Light To Reduce Contamination of Derived Edible Products. J Food Prot 2019; 82:1896-1900. [PMID: 31622164 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-19-175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Chicken carcass frames are used to obtain mechanically separated chicken (MSC) for use in other further processed food products. Previous foodborne disease outbreaks involving Salmonella-contaminated MSC have demonstrated the potential for the human pathogen to be transmitted to consumers via MSC. The current study evaluated the efficacy of multiple treatments applied to the surfaces of chicken carcass frames to reduce microbial loads on noninoculated frames and frames inoculated with a cocktail of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Inoculated or noninoculated frames were left untreated (control) or were subjected to treatment using a prototype sanitization apparatus. Treatments consisted of (i) a sterile water rinse, (ii) a water rinse followed by 5 s of UV-C light application, or (iii) an advanced oxidation process (AOP) combining 5 or 7% (v/v) hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) with UV-C light. Treatment with 7% H2O2 and UV-C light reduced numbers of aerobic bacteria by up to 1.5 log CFU per frame (P < 0.05); reductions in aerobic bacteria subjected to other treatments did not statistically differ from one another (initial mean load on nontreated frames: 3.6 ± 0.1 log CFU per frame). Salmonella numbers (mean load on inoculated, nontreated control was 5.6 ± 0.2 log CFU per frame) were maximally reduced by AOP application in comparison with other treatments. No difference in Salmonella reductions obtained by 5% H2O2 (1.1 log CFU per frame) was detected compared with that obtained following 7% H2O2 use (1.0 log CFU per frame). The AOP treatment for sanitization of chicken carcass frames reduces microbial contamination on chicken carcass frames that are subsequently used for manufacture of MSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Jones-Ibarra
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-2472
| | - C Z Alvarado
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-2472
| | - Craig D Coufal
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M AgriLife Extension, College Station, Texas 77843-2472
| | - T Matthew Taylor
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station, Texas 77843-2471, USA
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Mobile poultry processing units: a safe and cost-effective poultry processing option for the small-scale farmer in the United States. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0043933914000853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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14
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Determinants and effects of postileal fermentation in broilers and turkeys part 1: gut microbiota composition and its modulation by feed additives. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0043933915000045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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15
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16
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Comparative effects of genistein and antibiotics on performance, meat oxidative stability, jejunal morphology, and ileal microbial community in broiler chicks. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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17
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Foods NACOMCF. Response to Questions Posed by the Food Safety and Inspection Service Regarding Salmonella Control Strategies in Poultry †. J Food Prot 2019; 82:645-668. [PMID: 30917043 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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18
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Harris C, Williams S. The Antimicrobial Properties of A Vinegar-based Ingredient on Salmonella Typhimurium and Psychrotrophs Inoculated in Ground Chicken Breast Meat and Stored at 3±1°C for 7 days. J APPL POULTRY RES 2019. [DOI: 10.3382/japr/pfy048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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19
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Wang Q, Leong WF, Elias RJ, Tikekar RV. UV-C irradiated gallic acid exhibits enhanced antimicrobial activity via generation of reactive oxidative species and quinone. Food Chem 2019; 287:303-312. [PMID: 30857704 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A novel light-enhanced antimicrobial treatment was developed by exposing gallic acid (GA) to UV-C light. GA (15 mM) solution was exposed to UV-C for 30 min and subsequently incubated with E. coli O157:H7 for 30 min to achieve a 3.2 ± 0.2 log CFU/mL reduction. The antimicrobial activity is affected by the irradiation duration, wavelength, and pH of solution. The addition of benzenesulfinic acid (BSA) to UV-C irradiated GA lowered (P < 0.05) its antimicrobial activity, indicating that quinones contributed to its overall antimicrobial effect. In addition, the attenuated (P < 0.05) antimicrobial activity of UV-C exposed GA in the presence of reactive oxidative species (ROS) quenchers, the generation of hydrogen peroxide, and increased levels of intracellular oxidative stress detected in E. coli O157:H7 illustrated that ROS also played a role in the antimicrobial effect of UV-C irradiated GA. UV-C irradiated GA could be applied as a novel antimicrobial in food systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyang Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Wai Fun Leong
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Ryan J Elias
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Rohan V Tikekar
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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Micciche AC, Rubinelli PM, Ricke SC. Source of Water and Potential Sanitizers and Biological Antimicrobials for Alternative Poultry Processing Food Safety Applications. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2018. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2018.00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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22
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Massey LM, Hettiarachchy NS, Horax R, Rayaprolu SJ, Kumar‐Phillips G, Martin EM, Ricke SC. Efficacy of organic acid electrostatic spray for decontaminating
Salmonella
on cantaloupe cubes and cherry tomatoes. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.13748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ronny Horax
- Department of Food Science University of Arkansas Fayetteville Arkansas
| | | | | | - Elizabeth M. Martin
- Institute for Nanoscience & Engineering University of Arkansas Fayetteville Arkansas
| | - Steven C. Ricke
- Department of Food Science University of Arkansas Fayetteville Arkansas
- Center for Food Safety University of Arkansas Fayetteville Arkansas
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Ricke SC, Dawoud TM, Kim SA, Park SH, Kwon YM. Salmonella Cold Stress Response: Mechanisms and Occurrence in Foods. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2018; 104:1-38. [PMID: 30143250 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Since bacteria in foods often encounter various cold environments during food processing, such as chilling, cold chain distribution, and cold storage, lower temperatures can become a major stress environment for foodborne pathogens. Bacterial responses in stressful environments have been considered in the past, but now the importance of stress responses at the molecular level is becoming recognized. Documenting how bacterial changes occur at the molecular level may help to achieve the in-depth understanding of stress responses, to predict microbial fate when they encounter cold temperatures, and to design and develop more effective strategies to control pathogens in food for ensuring food safety. Microorganisms differ in responding to a sudden downshift in temperature and this, in turn, impacts their metabolic processes and can cause various structural modifications. In this review, the fundamental aspects of bacterial cold stress responses focused on cell membrane modification, DNA supercoiling modification, transcriptional and translational responses, cold-induced protein synthesis including CspA, CsdA, NusA, DnaA, RecA, RbfA, PNPase, KsgA, SrmB, trigger factors, and initiation factors are discussed. In this context, specific Salmonella responses to cold temperature including growth, injury, and survival and their physiological and genetic responses to cold environments with a focus on cross-protection, different gene expression levels, and virulence factors will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven C Ricke
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States; Center for Food Safety, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States; Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States.
| | - Turki M Dawoud
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States; Center for Food Safety, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States; Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Sun Ae Kim
- Center for Food Safety, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States; Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States; Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Si Hong Park
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States; Center for Food Safety, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States; Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Young Min Kwon
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States; Center for Food Safety, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States; Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
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Handley JA, Park SH, Kim SA, Ricke SC. Microbiome Profiles of Commercial Broilers Through Evisceration and Immersion Chilling During Poultry Slaughter and the Identification of Potential Indicator Microorganisms. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:345. [PMID: 29552001 PMCID: PMC5841210 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Commercial poultry abattoirs were evaluated to determine the efficacy of the multi-hurdle antimicrobial strategy employed to reduce the microbial load present on incoming broilers from the farm. As next generation sequencing (NGS) has been recently employed to characterize the poultry production system, this study utilized 16S High throughput sequencing (HTS) and quantitative plating data to profile the microbiota of chicken carcasses and determine the efficacy of the multi-hurdle antimicrobial system. Aerobic plate count (APC) and Enterobacteriaceae (EB) microbial counts were quantified from whole bird carcass rinsates (WBCR). The remaining rinsates underwent microbiome analysis using 16S rRNA gene fragments on an Illumina MiSeq and were analyzed by Quantitative Insights into Microbial Ecology (QIIME). The key stages of processing were determined to be at rehang, pre-chill, and post-chill as per the Salmonella Reduction Regulation (75 Fed. Reg. 27288-27294). The APC microbial data from rehang, pre-chill, and post-chill were mean log 4.63 CFU/mL, 3.21 CFU/mL, and 0.89 CFU/mL and EB counts were mean log 2.99 CFU/mL, 1.95 CFU/mL, and 0.35 CFU/mL. NGS of WBCR identified 222 Operational Taxonomic Units' (OTU's) of which only 23 OTU's or 10% of the population was recovered post-chill. Microbiome data suggested a high relative abundance of Pseudomonas at post-chill. Additionally, Pseudomonas, Enterobacteriaceae, and Weeksellaceae Chryseobacterium have been identified as potential indicator organisms having been isolated from all processing abattoirs and sampling locations. This study provides insight into the microbiota of commercial broilers during poultry processing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Steven C. Ricke
- Center for Food Safety, Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
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25
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Kim SA, Park SH, Knueven C, Basel R, Ricke SC. A decontamination approach using a combination of bisulfate of soda and peracetic acid against Listeria innocua inoculated on whole apples. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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26
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Wang Q, de Oliveira EF, Alborzi S, Bastarrachea LJ, Tikekar RV. On mechanism behind UV-A light enhanced antibacterial activity of gallic acid and propyl gallate against Escherichia coli O157:H7. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8325. [PMID: 28814799 PMCID: PMC5559599 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08449-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Possible mechanisms behind the enhanced antimicrobial activity of gallic acid (GA) and its ester propyl gallate (PG) in the presence of UV-A light against Escherichia coli O157:H7 were investigated. GA by itself is a mild antimicrobial and has a pro-oxidant ability. We found that the presence of UV-A light increases the uptake of GA by the bacteria. Once GA is internalized, the interaction between GA and UV-A induces intracellular ROS formation, leading to oxidative damage. Concurrently, GA + UV-A also inhibits the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), magnifying the imbalance of redox status of E. coli O157:H7. In addition to ROS induced damage, UV-A light and GA also cause injury to the cell membrane of E. coli O157:H7. UV-A exposed PG caused oxidative damage to the cell and significantly higher damage to the cell membrane than GA + UV-A treatment, explaining its higher effectiveness than GA + UV-A treatment. The findings presented here may be useful in developing new antimicrobial sanitation technologies for food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyang Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | | | - Solmaz Alborzi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Luis J Bastarrachea
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Rohan V Tikekar
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
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27
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Singh P, Lee H, Silva M, Chin K, Kang I. Trisodium phosphate dip, hot water dip, and combination dip with/without brushing on broiler carcass decontamination. Food Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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28
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Rajan K, Shi Z, Ricke SC. Current aspects ofSalmonellacontamination in the US poultry production chain and the potential application of risk strategies in understanding emerging hazards. Crit Rev Microbiol 2016; 43:370-392. [DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2016.1223600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kalavathy Rajan
- Center for Food Safety, Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Zhaohao Shi
- Center for Food Safety, Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Steven C. Ricke
- Center for Food Safety, Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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Yadav AS, Saxena GK, Saxena V, Kataria J, Juneja V. Thermal inactivation of Salmonella Typhimurium on dressed chicken skin previously exposed to acidified sodium chlorite or carvacrol. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Karuppasamy K, Yadav AS, Saxena GK. Thermal inactivation of Salmonella Enteritidis on chicken skin previously exposed to acidified Sodium chlorite or tri-sodium phosphate. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2015; 52:8236-43. [PMID: 26604399 PMCID: PMC4648861 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-015-1922-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Thermal inactivation of normal and starved cells of Salmonella Enteritidis on chicken skin previously exposed to different concentrations of acidified sodium chlorite (ASC) or tri-sodium phosphate (TSP) was investigated. Inoculated skin was pretreated with different concentration of ASC or TSP, packaged in bags, and then immersed in a circulating water bath at 60 to 68 °C. The recovery medium was Hektoen enteric agar. D-values, determined by linear regression, for normal cells on chicken skin, were 2.79, 1.17 and 0.53 min whereas D-values for starved cells were 4.15, 1.83 and 0.66 at 60, 64 and 68 °C, respectively. z-values for normal cells were 3.54 and for starved cells were 2.29. Pretreatment of Salmonella Enteritidis cells with 0 to 200 ppm of ASC or 0 to 1.0 % TSP resulted in lower D-values at all temperatures. Sensory results indicated no significance differences for control and treatments. Thus, results of this study indicated that pretreatment of chicken skin with ASC or TSP increased sensitivity of Salmonella Enteritidis to heat without affecting organoleptic quality of chicken meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Karuppasamy
- Food Microbiology Laboratory, Post Harvest Technology Division, ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 UP India
| | - Ajit S. Yadav
- Food Microbiology Laboratory, Post Harvest Technology Division, ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 UP India
| | - Gaurav K. Saxena
- Food Microbiology Laboratory, Post Harvest Technology Division, ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 UP India
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33
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Calo JR, Crandall PG, O'Bryan CA, Ricke SC. Essential oils as antimicrobials in food systems – A review. Food Control 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 655] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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34
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Handley JA, Shi Z, Park SH, Dawoud TM, Kwon YM, Ricke SC. Salmonella and the Potential Role for Methods to Develop Microbial Process Indicators on Chicken Carcasses. Food Saf (Tokyo) 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800245-2.00006-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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35
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Improved performance and immunological responses as the result of dietary genistein supplementation of broiler chicks. Animal 2015; 9:1473-80. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731115000853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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36
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Saharkhiz MJ, Kamyab AA, Kazerani NK, Zomorodian K, Pakshir K, Rahimi MJ. Chemical Compositions and Antimicrobial Activities of Ocimum sanctum L. Essential Oils at Different Harvest Stages. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2014; 8:e13720. [PMID: 25763132 PMCID: PMC4344766 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.13720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Revised: 09/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Essential Oils (EOs) possess antibacterial properties and represent a natural source to treat infections and prevent food spoilage. Their chemical composition might be affected by the environmental condition and the developmental growth stages of the plant. OBJECTIVES The current study aimed to determine the variations in chemical compositions and antimicrobial activities of the EOs of Ocimum sanctum L. at different stages of harvesting. MATERIALS AND METHODS The oils constituents were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The effects of three different harvest stages of O. sanctum EOs against most common causes of food-borne were evaluated by broth micro-dilution method as recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). RESULTS The analysis of the EOs indicated that eugenol was the major compound of the EOs at all developmental stages which reached its maximum level at the second stage. The results showed that the tested EOs exhibited antimicrobial activities against all of the examined pathogens at concentrations of 0.125-32 µL/mL, except Pseudomonas aeruginosa which was only inhibited by high concentrations of the floral budding and full flowering EOs. EO distilled from the second developmental growth stage (floral budding) of O. sanctum exhibited the strongest antibacterial activities against the food borne bacteria. CONCLUSIONS Considering the wide range of antimicrobial activities of the examined EOs, they might have the potential to be used to manage infectious diseases or extend the shelf life of food products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amir Alam Kamyab
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | | | - Kamiar Zomorodian
- Basic Science in Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Kamiar Zomorodian, Basic Science in Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box: 7134845794, Shiraz, IR Iran. Tel: +98-9177144094, Fax: +98-7112305291, E-mail: ,
| | - Keyvan Pakshir
- Basic Science in Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Rahimi
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
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Successional changes in the chicken cecal microbiome during 42 days of growth are independent of organic acid feed additives. BMC Vet Res 2014; 10:282. [PMID: 25427406 PMCID: PMC4251860 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-014-0282-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Poultry remains a major source of foodborne bacterial infections. A variety of additives with presumed anti-microbial and/or growth-promoting effects are commonly added to poultry feed during commercial grow-out, yet the effects of these additives on the gastrointestinal microbial community (the GI microbiome) as the bird matures remain largely unknown. Here we compared temporal changes in the cecal microbiome to the effects of formic acid, propionic acid, and medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) added to feed and/or drinking water. Results Cecal bacterial communities at day of hatch (n = 5 birds), 7d (n = 32), 21d (n = 27), and 42d (n = 36) post-hatch were surveyed using direct 454 sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons from each bird in combination with cultivation-based recovery of a Salmonella Typhimurium marker strain and quantitative-PCR targeting Clostridium perfringens. Treatment effects on specific pathogens were generally non-significant. S. Typhimurium introduced by oral gavage at day of hatch was recovered by cultivation from nearly all birds sampled across treatments at 7d and 21d, but by 42d, S. Typhimurium was only recovered from ca. 25% of birds, regardless of treatment. Sequencing data also revealed non-significant treatment effects on genera containing known pathogens and on the cecal microbiome as a whole. In contrast, temporal changes in the cecal microbiome were dramatic, highly significant, and consistent across treatments. At 7d, the cecal community was dominated by three genera (Flavonifractor, Pseudoflavonifractor, and a Lachnospiracea sequence type) that accounted for more than half of sequences. By 21d post-hatch, a single genus (Faecalibacterium) accounted for 23-55% of sequences, and the number of Clostridium 16S rRNA gene copies detected by quantitative-PCR reached a maximum. Conclusions Over the 42 d experiment, the cecal bacterial community changed significantly as measured by a variety of ecological metrics and increases in the complexity of co-occurrence networks. Management of poultry to improve animal health, nutrition, or food safety may need to consider the interactive effects of any treatments with the dramatic temporal shifts in the taxonomic composition of the cecal microbiome as described here. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-014-0282-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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38
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Application of Molecular Approaches for Understanding Foodborne Salmonella Establishment in Poultry Production. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1155/2014/813275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Salmonellosis in the United States is one of the most costly foodborne diseases. Given that Salmonella can originate from a wide variety of environments, reduction of this organism at all stages of poultry production is critical. Salmonella species can encounter various environmental stress conditions which can dramatically influence their survival and colonization. Current knowledge of Salmonella species metabolism and physiology in relation to colonization is traditionally based on studies conducted primarily with tissue culture and animal infection models. Consequently, while there is some information about environmental signals that control Salmonella growth and colonization, much still remains unknown. Genetic tools for comprehensive functional genomic analysis of Salmonella offer new opportunities for not only achieving a better understanding of Salmonella pathogens but also designing more effective intervention strategies. Now the function(s) of each single gene in the Salmonella genome can be directly assessed and previously unknown genetic factors that are required for Salmonella growth and survival in the poultry production cycle can be elucidated. In particular, delineating the host-pathogen relationships involving Salmonella is becoming very helpful for identifying optimal targeted gene mutagenesis strategies to generate improved vaccine strains. This represents an opportunity for development of novel vaccine approaches for limiting Salmonella establishment in early phases of poultry production. In this review, an overview of Salmonella issues in poultry, a general description of functional genomic technologies, and their specific application to poultry vaccine developments are discussed.
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39
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Gustafson JE, Muthaiyan A, Dupre JM, Ricke SC. WITHDRAWN: Staphylococcus aureus and understanding the factors that impact enterotoxin production in foods: A review. Food Control 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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40
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Calvo-Garrido C, Elmer P, Parry F, Viñas I, Usall J, Torres R, Agnew R, Teixidó N. Mode of action of a fatty acid-based natural product to control Botrytis cinerea
in grapes. J Appl Microbiol 2014; 116:967-79. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Calvo-Garrido
- Food Technology Department; Lleida University; XaRTA-Postharvest; Agrotecnio Center; Lleida Catalonia Spain
| | - P.A.G. Elmer
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited; Ruakura Research Centre; Waikato Mail Centre; Hamilton New Zealand
| | - F.J. Parry
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited; Ruakura Research Centre; Waikato Mail Centre; Hamilton New Zealand
| | - I. Viñas
- Food Technology Department; Lleida University; XaRTA-Postharvest; Agrotecnio Center; Lleida Catalonia Spain
| | - J. Usall
- IRTA; XaRTA-Postharvest; Lleida Catalonia Spain
| | - R. Torres
- IRTA; XaRTA-Postharvest; Lleida Catalonia Spain
| | - R.H. Agnew
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited; Marlborough Wine Research Centre; Blenheim New Zealand
| | - N. Teixidó
- IRTA; XaRTA-Postharvest; Lleida Catalonia Spain
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41
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Probiotic Bacillus subtilis KU201 having antifungal and antimicrobial properties isolated from kimchi. Food Sci Biotechnol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-013-0225-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Ricke SC, Khatiwara A, Kwon YM. Application of microarray analysis of foodborne Salmonella in poultry production: A review. Poult Sci 2013; 92:2243-50. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2012-02740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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43
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Park S, Hanning I, Perrota A, Bench B, Alm E, Ricke S. Modifying the gastrointestinal ecology in alternatively raised poultry and the potential for molecular and metabolomic assessment. Poult Sci 2013; 92:546-61. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2012-02734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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44
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Seal BS. Characterization of bacteriophages virulent for Clostridium perfringens and identification of phage lytic enzymes as alternatives to antibiotics for potential control of the bacterium. Poult Sci 2013; 92:526-33. [PMID: 23300321 PMCID: PMC4089029 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2012-02708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been a resurgent interest in the use of bacteriophages or their gene products to control bacterial pathogens as alternatives to currently used antibiotics. Clostridium perfringens is a gram-positive, spore-forming anaerobic bacterium that plays a significant role in human foodborne disease as well as non-foodborne human, animal, and avian diseases. Countries that have complied with the ban on antimicrobial growth promoters in feeds have reported increased incidences of C. perfringens-associated diseases in poultry. To address these issues, new antimicrobial agents, putative lysins encoded by the genomes of bacteriophages, are being identified in our laboratory. Poultry intestinal material, soil, sewage, and poultry processing drainage water were screened for virulent bacteriophages that could lyse C. perfringens and produce clear plaques in spot assays. Bacteriophages were isolated that had long noncontractile tails, members of the family Siphoviridae, and with short noncontractile tails, members of the family Podoviridae. Several bacteriophage genes were identified that encoded N-acetylmuramoyl-l-alanine amidases, lysozyme-endopeptidases, and a zinc carboxypeptidase domain that has not been previously reported in viral genomes. Putative phage lysin genes (ply) were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant lysins were amidases capable of lysing both parental phage host strains of C. perfringens as well as other strains of the bacterium in spot and turbidity reduction assays, but did not lyse any clostridia beyond the species. Consequently, bacteriophage gene products could eventually be used to target bacterial pathogens, such as C. perfringens via a species-specific strategy, to control animal and human diseases without having deleterious effects on beneficial probiotic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce S Seal
- Poultry Microbiological Safety Research Unit, R.B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 950 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605, USA.
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45
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Perumalla AVS, Hettiarachchy NS, Over K, Ricke SC, Slavik MF, Gbur E, Davis B, Acosta S. Effect of partial replacement of potassium lactate and sodium diacetate by natural green tea and grape seed extracts and postpackaging thermal treatment on the growth ofListeria monocytogenesin hotdog model system. Int J Food Sci Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.12042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Michael F. Slavik
- Department of Poultry Science; University of Arkansas; Fayetteville; AR; 72701; USA
| | - Edward Gbur
- Agricultural Statistics Laboratory; University of Arkansas; Fayetteville; AR; 72701; USA
| | - Brad Davis
- Tyson Foods, Inc.; Springdale; AR; 72764; USA
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Zomorodian K, Saharkhiz MJ, Shariati S, Pakshir K, Rahimi MJ, Khashei R. Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activities of Essential Oils from Nepeta cataria L. against Common Causes of Food-Borne Infections. ISRN PHARMACEUTICS 2012; 2012:591953. [PMID: 22779012 PMCID: PMC3385634 DOI: 10.5402/2012/591953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nepeta cataria L. is traditionally consumed as a food additive. The effects of three different harvest stages of N. cataria essential oils (EOs) against most common causes of food-borne infections were evaluated by broth microdilution method as recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). The chemical composition of the EOs from N. cataria has been analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The analysis of the EOs indicated that 4a-α,7-α,7a-β-nepetalactone (55–58%) and 4a-α,7-β,7a-α-nepetalactone (30–31.2%) were the major compounds of the EOs at all developmental stages. The results showed that the tested EOs exhibited antimicrobial activities against the food-borne pathogens at concentrations of 0.125–2 μL/mL. Based on these results, the EO of N. cataria can possibly be used in food products as a natural preservative agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamiar Zomorodian
- Center of Basic Research in Infectious Disease, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71348-45794, Iran
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Milillo SR, Martin E, Muthaiyan A, Ricke SC. Immediate reduction of Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium viability via membrane destabilization following exposure to multiple-hurdle treatments with heated, acidified organic acid salt solutions. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 77:3765-72. [PMID: 21478311 PMCID: PMC3127599 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02839-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2010] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The antimicrobial activity of organic acids in combination with nonchemical treatments was evaluated for inactivation of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium within 1 min. It was observed that the effectiveness of the multiple-hurdle treatments was temperature (P ≤ 0.05) and pH (P ≤ 0.05) dependent and corresponded to the degree of organic acid lipophilicity (sodium acetate being least effective and sodium propionate being the most effective). This led to the hypothesis that the loss in viability was due at least in part to cell membrane disruption. Evaluation of osmotic response, potassium ion leakage, and transmission electron micrographs confirmed treatment effects on the cell membrane. Interestingly, all treatments, even those with no effect on viability, such as with sodium acetate, resulted in measurable cellular stress. Microarray experiments explored the specific response of S. Typhimurium to sodium acetate and sodium propionate, the most similar of the tested treatments in terms of pK(a) and ionic strength, and found little difference in the changes in gene expression following exposure to either, despite their very different effects on viability. Taken together, the results reported support our hypothesis that treatment with heated, acidified, organic acid salt solutions for 1 min causes loss of S. Typhimurium viability at least in part by membrane damage and that the degree of effectiveness can be correlated with lipophilicity of the organic acid. Overall, the data presented here indicate that a combined thermal, acidified sodium propionate treatment can provide an effective antimicrobial treatment against Salmonella.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Milillo
- 2435 N. Hatch Ave., Food Science Department, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA.
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Park SH, Jarquin R, Hanning I, Almeida G, Ricke SC. Detection of Salmonella spp. survival and virulence in poultry feed by targeting the hilA gene. J Appl Microbiol 2011; 111:426-32. [PMID: 21575113 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.05054.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The objectives of this work were to evaluate immunomagnetic beads and a reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR method for the detection of Salmonella inoculated into feed. In addition, a reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR method was evaluated for quantifying virulence gene hilA expression of Salmonella ssp. in poultry feed matrices and utilized to determine the influence of poultry feed environmental factors on Salmonella hilA expression. METHODS AND RESULTS An immunomagnetic separation technique was evaluated for increased recovery of Salmonella from feed. Salmonella cultures were inoculated into feed samples and exposed to heat treatments of 70°C and sampled periodically. From these samples, RNA was collected and hilA gene expression was measured relative to the housekeeping 16S rRNA gene. The immunomagnetic bead protocol increased recovery by 1 log. The up-regulation of hilA was demonstrated after 5 and 10 min of inoculated feed samples being exposed to heat treatment. CONCLUSIONS From this work, the data indicate that the ability to detect live Salmonella cells in feed samples may be increased by targeting the hilA gene. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Foodborne salmonellosis originating from poultry is a major problem, and feed is a leading source of contamination in poultry, but detection in feed is complicated by low concentrations. The assays and experiments in this study examine possible improvements to recovery and detection of Salmonella in feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Park
- Center for Food Safety - Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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Benli H, Sanchez-Plata MX, Keeton JT. Efficacy of ε-polylysine, lauric arginate, or acidic calcium sulfate applied sequentially for Salmonella reduction on membrane filters and chicken carcasses. J Food Prot 2011; 74:743-50. [PMID: 21549044 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-10-463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella contamination continues to be one of the major concerns for the microbiological safety of raw poultry products. Application of more than one decontamination agent as a multihurdle intervention to carcasses in a processing line might produce greater reductions than one treatment alone due to different modes of action of individual antimicrobials. In this study, all possible two-way combinations and individual applications of ε-polylysine (EPL), lauric arginate (LAE), and acidic calcium sulfate (ACS) solutions were evaluated for their effects against Salmonella enterica serovars, including Enteritidis and Typhimurium, using a sterile membrane filter model system. The combinations that provided higher Salmonella reductions were further evaluated on inoculated chicken carcasses in various concentrations applied in a sequential manner. Sequential spray applications of 300 mg of EPL per liter followed by 30% ACS and of 200 mg of LAE per liter followed by 30% ACS produced the highest Salmonella reductions on inoculated chicken carcasses, by 2.1 and 2.2 log CFU/ml, respectively. Our results indicated that these sequential spray applications of decontamination agents are effective for decreasing Salmonella contamination on poultry carcasses, but further studies are needed to determine the effectiveness of these combinations over a storage period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Benli
- Department of Food Engineering, Cukurova University, Adana, 01330, Turkey
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Sirsat SA, Muthaiyan A, Ricke SC. Optimization of the RNA extraction method for transcriptome studies of Salmonella inoculated on commercial raw chicken breast samples. BMC Res Notes 2011; 4:60. [PMID: 21396109 PMCID: PMC3063806 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-4-60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Accepted: 03/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There has been increased interest in the study of molecular survival mechanisms expressed by foodborne pathogens present on food surfaces. Determining genomic responses of these pathogens to antimicrobials is of particular interest since this helps to understand antimicrobial effects at the molecular level. Assessment of bacterial gene expression by transcriptomic analysis in response to these antimicrobials would aid prediction of the phenotypic behavior of the bacteria in the presence of antimicrobials. However, before transcriptional profiling approaches can be implemented routinely, it is important to develop an optimal method to consistently recover pathogens from the food surface and ensure optimal quality RNA so that the corresponding gene expression analysis represents the current response of the organism. Another consideration is to confirm that there is no interference from the "background" food or meat matrix that could mask the bacterial response. Findings Our study involved developing a food model system using chicken breast meat inoculated with mid-log Salmonella cells. First, we tested the optimum number of Salmonella cells required on the poultry meat in order to extract high quality RNA. This was analyzed by inoculating 10-fold dilutions of Salmonella on the chicken samples followed by RNA extraction. Secondly, we tested the effect of two different bacterial cell recovery solutions namely 0.1% peptone water and RNAprotect (Qiagen Inc.) on the RNA yield and purity. In addition, we compared the efficiency of sonication and bead beater methods to break the cells for RNA extraction. To check chicken nucleic acid interference on downstream Salmonella microarray experiments both chicken and Salmonella cDNA labeled with different fluorescent dyes were mixed together and hybridized on a single Salmonella array. Results of this experiment did not show any cross-hybridization signal from the chicken nucleic acids. In addition, we demonstrated the application of this method in a meat model transcriptional profiling experiment by studying the transcriptomic response of Salmonella inoculated on chicken meat and exposed to d-limonene. We successfully applied our method in this experiment to recover the bacterial cells from the meat matrix and to extract the RNA. We obtained high yield and pure RNA. Subsequently, the RNA was used for downstream transcriptional profiling studies using microarrays and over 600 differentially regulated genes were identified. Conclusions Our result showed that 8 log cfu/g of Salmonella is ideal to obtain optimal RNA amount and purity. Our results demonstrated that RNAprotect yielded higher RNA amounts (approximately 10 to 30 fold) when compared to 0.1% peptone water. The differences between the RNAprotect and 0.1% peptone samples were significant at a p-value of 0.03 for the bead beater method and 0.0005 for the sonication method, respectively. The microarray experiment demonstrated that the chicken samples do not interfere with the hybridization of Salmonella cDNA on the array slide. Hence, the background chicken RNA will not interfere with the microarray analysis when poultry meat models are used. Finally, we successfully demonstrated the application of the poultry meat model proposed in this study by conducting transcriptional profiling analysis of Salmonella inoculated on the poultry. Results of this study proved that this method has the potential to be employed in other meat model studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujata A Sirsat
- Dept, of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
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