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Cioboata R, Biciusca V, Olteanu M, Vasile CM. COVID-19 and Tuberculosis: Unveiling the Dual Threat and Shared Solutions Perspective. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4784. [PMID: 37510899 PMCID: PMC10381217 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12144784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The year 2020 will likely be remembered as the year dominated by COVID-19, or coronavirus disease. The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), responsible for this pandemic, can be traced back to late 2019 in China. The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the tuberculosis (TB) care system, reducing TB testing and reporting. This can be attributed to the disruption of TB services and restrictions on patient movement, consequently increasing TB-related deaths. This perspective review aims to highlight the intersection between COVID-19 and TB, highlighting their dual threat and identifying shared solutions to address these two infectious diseases effectively. There are several shared commonalities between COVID-19 and tuberculosis, particularly the transmission of their causative agents, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Both pathogens are transmitted via respiratory tract secretions. TB and COVID-19 are diseases that can be transmitted through droplets and airborne particles, and their primary target is typically the lungs. Regarding COVID-19 diagnostics, several methods are available for rapid and accurate detection. These include RT-PCR, which can provide results within two hours, and rapid antigen test kits that offer results in just a few minutes. The availability of point-of-care self-testing further enhances convenience. On the other hand, various approaches are employed for TB diagnostics to swiftly identify active TB. These include sputum microscopy, sputum for reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and chest X-rays. These methods enable the rapid detection of active TB on the same day, while culture-based testing may take significantly longer, ranging from 2 to 8 weeks. The utilization of diverse diagnostic tools helps ensure the timely identification and management of COVID-19 and TB cases. The quality of life of patients affected by COVID-19 and tuberculosis (TB) can be significantly impacted due to the nature of these diseases and their associated challenges. In conclusion, it is crucial to emphasize the urgent need to address the dual threat of COVID-19 and TB. Both diseases have devastated global health, and their convergence poses an even greater challenge. Collaborative efforts, research investments, and policy reforms are essential to tackle this dual threat effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Cioboata
- Department of Pneumology, University of Pharmacy and Medicine Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
- Department of Pneumology, Victor Babes Clinical Hospital, 030303 Craiova, Romania
| | - Viorel Biciusca
- Department of Pneumology, University of Pharmacy and Medicine Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
- Department of Internal Medicine, Filantropia Hospital, 050474 Craiova, Romania
| | - Mihai Olteanu
- Department of Pneumology, University of Pharmacy and Medicine Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
- Department of Pneumology, Victor Babes Clinical Hospital, 030303 Craiova, Romania
| | - Corina Maria Vasile
- Department of Pediatric and Adult Congenital Cardiology, Bordeaux University Hospital, 33600 Pessac, France
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John KJ, Mishra AK, Ramasamy C, George AA, Selvaraj V, Lal A. Heart failure in COVID-19 patients: Critical care experience. World J Virol 2022; 11:1-19. [PMID: 35117968 PMCID: PMC8788216 DOI: 10.5501/wjv.v11.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with heart failure (HF) may be at a higher risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and may have a worse outcome due to their comorbid conditions and advanced age. In this narrative review, we aim to study the interaction between COVID-19 and HF from a critical care perspective. We performed a systematic search for studies that reported HF and critical care-related outcomes in COVID-19 patients in the PubMed and Medline databases. From a total of 1050 papers, we identified 26 that satisfied the eligibility criteria for our review. Data such as patient demographics, HF, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, management, and outcome were extracted from these studies and analyzed. We reported outcomes in heart-transplant patients with COVID-19 separately. In hospitalized patients with COVID-19, the prevalence of HF varied between 4% and 21%. The requirement for ICU admission was between 8% and 33%. HF patients with COVID-19 had an overall mortality rate between 20% and 40%. We identified that HF is an independent predictor of mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, and patients with HF were more likely to require ventilation, ICU admission and develop complications. Patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction did worse than those with HF with midrange ejection fraction, and HF with preserved ejection fraction. COVID-19 patients with HF should be identified early and managed aggressively in an attempt to improve outcomes in this cohort of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin John John
- Department of Critical Care, Believers Church Medical College Hospital, Thiruvalla 689103, India
| | - Ajay K Mishra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saint Vincent Hospital, Worcester, MA 01608, United States
| | - Chidambaram Ramasamy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saint Vincent Hospital, Worcester, MA 01608, United States
| | - Anu A George
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saint Vincent Hospital, Worcester, MA 01608, United States
| | - Vijairam Selvaraj
- Division of Medicine, The Miriam Hospital and Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02906, United States
| | - Amos Lal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, United States
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Anna George A, Alampoondi Venkataramanan SV, John KJ, Mishra AK. Infective endocarditis and COVID -19 coinfection: An updated review. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2022; 93:e2022030. [PMID: 35315423 PMCID: PMC8972860 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v93i1.10982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
With the rising number of COVID-19 patients, there have been reports of patients presenting with concomitant infective endocarditis. In this retrospective review, we included all articles from Medline with COVID-19 and infective endocarditis coinfection. Ten articles were identified from eight different countries over the world over the past 11 months. All patients reported with the above coinfections were male with a mean age of 53 years. Clinical features of COVID-19 and the presence of ground-glass opacity in CT thorax were predominant among patients with positive RT-PCR for COVID-19. New-onset embolic infarct, pulmonary edema was a contributor to the diagnosis of endocarditis in most patients. Involvement of the aortic valve was most common. Delayed diagnosis and cardiac surgery were contributors to increased morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Anna George
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Vincent Hospital, Worcester, MA, USA
| | | | - Kevin John John
- Department of Critical Care, Bangalore Baptist Hospital, Hebbal, Karnataka, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Mishra
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saint Vincent Hospital, Worcester, MA, USA
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John KJ, Nayar J, Mishra AK, Selvaraj V, Khan MS, Lal A. In-hospital clinical complications of COVID-19: a brief overview. Future Virol 2021. [PMID: 34777553 PMCID: PMC8577718 DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2021-0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin John John
- Department of Critical Care, Believers Church Medical College Hospital, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India
| | - Jemimah Nayar
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Mishra
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saint Vincent Hospital, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Vijairam Selvaraj
- Department of Medicine, The Miriam Hospital & Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02906, USA
| | - Mohammad Saud Khan
- Department of Cardiology, University of Kentucky at Bowling Green, Bowling Green, KY 42102, USA
| | - Amos Lal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine and Sleep Medicine Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street Southwest Rochester, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Rymarowicz J, Pędziwiatr M, Major P, Donohue B, Ciszek K, Nowakowski M. Surgical Interventions in Patients Hospitalised with COVID-19. A Review of Seven Months of Experience Working in a COVID-19 Dedicated Centre. J Clin Med 2021; 10:395. [PMID: 33494183 PMCID: PMC7864323 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10030395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has made changes to the traditional way of performing surgical consultations. The aim of the present study was to assess the need for surgical care performed by various surgical specialties among patients infected with COVID-19 hospitalized in a COVID-19 dedicated hospital. All surgical consultations performed for patients infected with COVID-19 in a COVID dedicated hospital in a seven month period were evaluated. Data on demographics, surgical specialty, consult reason, procedure performed, and whether it was a standard face to face or teleconsultation were gathered. Out of 2359 COVID-19 patients admitted to the hospital in the seven month period, 229 (9.7%) required surgical care. Out of those 108 consultations that did not lead to surgery, 71% were managed by telemedicine. A total of 36 patients were operated on while suffering from COVID-19. Out of them, only three patients admitted primarily for COVID-19 pneumonia underwent emergency surgery. The overall mortality among those operated on was 16.7%. Conclusions: Patients hospitalised with COVID-19 may require surgical care from various surgical specialties, especially during peaks of the pandemic. However, they rarely require a surgical procedure and only occasionally require major surgery. A significant portion of potentially surgical problems could be managed by teleconsultations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Rymarowicz
- 2nd Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (J.R.); (P.M.); (K.C.); (M.N.)
| | - Michał Pędziwiatr
- 2nd Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (J.R.); (P.M.); (K.C.); (M.N.)
| | - Piotr Major
- 2nd Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (J.R.); (P.M.); (K.C.); (M.N.)
| | - Bryan Donohue
- Department of Anaesthesia, Peterborough City Hospital, Peterborough PE3 9GZ, UK;
| | - Karol Ciszek
- 2nd Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (J.R.); (P.M.); (K.C.); (M.N.)
| | - Michał Nowakowski
- 2nd Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (J.R.); (P.M.); (K.C.); (M.N.)
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Mishra A, George AA, Sahu KK, Lal A, Abraham G. Tuberculosis and COVID-19 Co-infection: An Updated Review. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2020; 92:e2021025. [PMID: 33682808 PMCID: PMC7975929 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v92i1.10738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID 19) has involved millions of people all over the world. Tuberculosis (TB) continues to affect millions of people every year with high mortality. There is limited literature on the occurrence of COVID 19 in patients with TB. We reviewed the available data on various clinical details, management, and outcome among patients with COVID-19 and TB. 8 studies reported a total of 80 patients with this coinfection. These patients were reported from ten different countries, with Italy reporting the largest number of cases. Migrant, males constituted a major proportion of cases. Most reported patients were symptomatic. Fever, dry cough, and dyspnea were the most commonly reported symptoms. Bilateral ground glass opacities were more common in COVID 19 infection and cavitary lesions were more common in patients with TB. Most reported TB patients had been found to have mycobacterium tuberculosis from sputum culture in the background of pulmonary TB. Most patients of TB were treated with multidrug regimen antitubercular therapy. In all 8 studies, COVID 19 was treated as per the local protocol. Mortality was reported in more than 10% of patients. Mortality was higher in elderly patients (> 70 years) and amongst patient with multiple medical comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Amos Lal
- Fellow, Department of Critical Care and Pulmonary Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN .
| | - George Abraham
- Chief of Medicine, Saint Vincent Hospital Professor of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School President-Elect and Regent, American College of Physicians (ACP) Chair, Infectious Disease Board, American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) Chair, Board of Registration in Medicine (BORIM), Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
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Goldstein MR, Poland GA, Graeber CW. Response to: Cardiac drugs and outcome in COVID-19. QJM 2020; 113:525-526. [PMID: 32289171 PMCID: PMC7184448 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcaa128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Goldstein
- NCH Physician Group, Center for Healthy Living, 132 Moorings Park Drive, Naples, FL, USA
- First and Corresponding Author: , Phone: 239.624.1120
| | - Gregory A Poland
- Mary Lowell Leary Emeritus Professor of Medicine, USA. Distinguished Investigator of the Mayo Clinic, USA. Director, Mayo Vaccine Research Group, USA. Editor-in-Chief, VACCINE, 611C Guggenheim Building, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Charles W Graeber
- Adjunct Assistant Professor of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Professor of Internal Medicine, University of Central Florida, College of Medicine. Program Director, NCH Healthcare System Internal Medicine Residency, Affiliate of the Mayo Clinic School of Medicine and Science, Naples, FL, USA
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Mishra AK, Sahu KK, Lal A, Sargent J. Patterns of heart injury in COVID-19 and relation to outcome. J Med Virol 2020; 92:1747. [PMID: 32267000 PMCID: PMC7262038 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar Mishra
- Department of Internal Medicine, St Vincent Hospital, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Kamal Kant Sahu
- Department of Internal Medicine, St Vincent Hospital, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Amos Lal
- Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, New York
| | - Jennifer Sargent
- Internal Medicine, Saint Vincent Hospital, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
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Sahu KK, Mishra AK, Lal A. Trajectory of the COVID-19 pandemic: chasing a moving target. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:694. [PMID: 32617314 PMCID: PMC7327313 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-2793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The spread of COVID-19 has already taken a pandemic form, affecting over 180 countries in a matter of three months. The full continuum of disease ranges from mild, self-limiting illness to severe progressive COVID-19 pneumonia, multiorgan failure, cytokine storm and death. Younger and healthy population is now getting affected than before. Possibilities of airborne and fecal oral routes of transmission has increased the concern. In the absence of any specific therapeutic agent for coronavirus infections, the most effective manner to contain this pandemic is probably the non-pharmacological interventions (NPIs). The damage due to the pandemic disease is multifaceted and crippling to economy, trade, and health of the citizens of the countries. The extent of damage in such scenarios is something that is beyond calculation by Gross Domestic Product rate or currency value of the country. Unfortunately, unlike many other diseases, we are still away from the target antiviral drug and vaccine for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The prime importance of NPIs like social distancing, staying in home, work from home, self-monitoring, public awareness, self-quarantine, etc. are constantly being emphasized by CDC, WHO, health ministries of all countries and social media houses. This is time of introspection and learning from our mistakes. Countries like China and South Korea who were initially the most hit countries could contain the disease spread by liberal testing of their population, stringent quarantine of people under investigation and isolation of the positive cases. Rest of the countries need to act urgently as well to bring an immediate halt in the community transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Kant Sahu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Vincent Hospital, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ajay Kumar Mishra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Vincent Hospital, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amos Lal
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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