1
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Samuel G, Nazim U, Sharma A, Manuel V, Elnaggar MG, Taye A, Nasr NEH, Hofni A, Abdel Hakiem AF. Selective targeting of the novel CK-10 nanoparticles to the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. J Pharm Sci 2021; 111:1197-1207. [PMID: 34929154 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of this project was to formulate novel decorated amphiphilic PLGA nanoparticles aiming for the selective delivery of the novel peptide (CK-10) to the cancerous/tumor tissue. Novel modified microfluidic techniques were used to formulate the nanoparticles. This technique was modified by using of Nano Assemblr associated with salting out of the organic solvent using K2HPO4. This modification is associated with higher peptide loading efficiencies, smaller size and higher uniformity. Size, zeta potential & qualitative determination of the adsorbed targeting ligands were measured by dynamic light scattering and laser anemometry techniques using the zeta sizer. Quantitative estimation of the adsorbed targeting ligands was done by colorimetry and spectrophotometric techniques. Qualitative and quantitative uptakes of the various PLGA nanoparticles were examined by the fluorescence microscope and the flow cytometer while the cytotoxic effect of the nanoparticles was measured by the colorimetric MTT assay. PLGA/poloxamer.FA, PLGA/poloxamer.HA, and PLGA/poloxamer.Tf have breast cancer MDA. MB321 cellular uptakes 83.8, 75.43 & 69.37 % which are higher than those of the PLGA/B cyclodextrin.FA, PLGA/B cyclodextrin.HA and PLGA/B cyclodextrin.Tf 80.87, 74.47 & 64.67 %. Therefore, PLGA/poloxamer.FA and PLGA/poloxamer.HA show higher cytotoxicity than PLGA/ poloxamer.Tf with lower breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cell viabilities 30.74, 39.15 & 49.23 %, respectively. The design of novel decorated amphiphilic CK-10 loaded PLGA nanoparticles designed by the novel modified microfluidic technique succeeds in forming innovative anticancer formulations candidates for therapeutic use in aggressive breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girgis Samuel
- School of Pharmacy, University of Sunderland, United Kingdom
| | - Uddin Nazim
- School of Pharmacy, University of Sunderland, United Kingdom
| | - Ankur Sharma
- School of Pharmacy, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Marwa G Elnaggar
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ashraf Taye
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | | | - Amal Hofni
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Faried Abdel Hakiem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt.
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2
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O'Keeffe Ahern J, Lara-Sáez I, Zhou D, Murillas R, Bonafont J, Mencía Á, García M, Manzanares D, Lynch J, Foley R, Xu Q, Sigen A, Larcher F, Wang W. Non-viral delivery of CRISPR-Cas9 complexes for targeted gene editing via a polymer delivery system. Gene Ther 2021; 29:157-170. [PMID: 34363036 PMCID: PMC9013665 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-021-00282-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in molecular biology have led to the CRISPR revolution, but the lack of an efficient and safe delivery system into cells and tissues continues to hinder clinical translation of CRISPR approaches. Polymeric vectors offer an attractive alternative to viruses as delivery vectors due to their large packaging capacity and safety profile. In this paper, we have demonstrated the potential use of a highly branched poly(β-amino ester) polymer, HPAE-EB, to enable genomic editing via CRISPRCas9-targeted genomic excision of exon 80 in the COL7A1 gene, through a dual-guide RNA sequence system. The biophysical properties of HPAE-EB were screened in a human embryonic 293 cell line (HEK293), to elucidate optimal conditions for efficient and cytocompatible delivery of a DNA construct encoding Cas9 along with two RNA guides, obtaining 15–20% target genomic excision. When translated to human recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) keratinocytes, transfection efficiency and targeted genomic excision dropped. However, upon delivery of CRISPR–Cas9 as a ribonucleoprotein complex, targeted genomic deletion of exon 80 was increased to over 40%. Our study provides renewed perspective for the further development of polymer delivery systems for application in the gene editing field in general, and specifically for the treatment of RDEB.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irene Lara-Sáez
- Charles Institute of Dermatology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland.
| | - Dezhong Zhou
- Charles Institute of Dermatology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Rodolfo Murillas
- Epithelial Biomedicine Division, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Fundación Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de la Fundación Jimenez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Bonafont
- Epithelial Biomedicine Division, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Fundación Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de la Fundación Jimenez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángeles Mencía
- Epithelial Biomedicine Division, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta García
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Fundación Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de la Fundación Jimenez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Bioengineering Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Darío Manzanares
- Charles Institute of Dermatology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Jennifer Lynch
- Charles Institute of Dermatology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Ruth Foley
- Charles Institute of Dermatology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Qian Xu
- Charles Institute of Dermatology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - A Sigen
- Charles Institute of Dermatology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Fernando Larcher
- Epithelial Biomedicine Division, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Fundación Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de la Fundación Jimenez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Bioengineering Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Wenxin Wang
- Charles Institute of Dermatology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland.
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3
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Magnani JS, Montazami R, Hashemi NN. Recent Advances in Microfluidically Spun Microfibers for Tissue Engineering and Drug Delivery Applications. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2021; 14:185-205. [PMID: 33940929 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-090420-101138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the unique and tunable properties of microfluidically spun microfibers have led to tremendous advancements for the field of biomedical engineering, which have been applied to areas such as tissue engineering, wound dressing, and drug delivery, as well as cell encapsulation and cell seeding. In this article, we analyze the most recent advances in microfluidics and microfluidically spun microfibers, with an emphasis on biomedical applications. We explore in detail these new and innovative experiments, how microfibers are made, the experimental purpose of making microfibers, and the future work that can be done as a result of these new types of microfibers. We also focus on the applications of various materials used to fabricate microfibers, as well as their many promises and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Scott Magnani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA;
| | - Reza Montazami
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA;
| | - Nicole N Hashemi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
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4
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Guttenplan APM, Tahmasebi Birgani Z, Giselbrecht S, Truckenmüller RK, Habibović P. Chips for Biomaterials and Biomaterials for Chips: Recent Advances at the Interface between Microfabrication and Biomaterials Research. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100371. [PMID: 34033239 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the use of microfabrication techniques has allowed biomaterials studies which were originally carried out at larger length scales to be miniaturized as so-called "on-chip" experiments. These miniaturized experiments have a range of advantages which have led to an increase in their popularity. A range of biomaterial shapes and compositions are synthesized or manufactured on chip. Moreover, chips are developed to investigate specific aspects of interactions between biomaterials and biological systems. Finally, biomaterials are used in microfabricated devices to replicate the physiological microenvironment in studies using so-called "organ-on-chip," "tissue-on-chip" or "disease-on-chip" models, which can reduce the use of animal models with their inherent high cost and ethical issues, and due to the possible use of human cells can increase the translation of research from lab to clinic. This review gives an overview of recent developments at the interface between microfabrication and biomaterials science, and indicates potential future directions that the field may take. In particular, a trend toward increased scale and automation is apparent, allowing both industrial production of micron-scale biomaterials and high-throughput screening of the interaction of diverse materials libraries with cells and bioengineered tissues and organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P. M. Guttenplan
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering MERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative Medicine Maastricht University Universiteitssingel 40 Maastricht 6229ER The Netherlands
| | - Zeinab Tahmasebi Birgani
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering MERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative Medicine Maastricht University Universiteitssingel 40 Maastricht 6229ER The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Giselbrecht
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering MERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative Medicine Maastricht University Universiteitssingel 40 Maastricht 6229ER The Netherlands
| | - Roman K. Truckenmüller
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering MERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative Medicine Maastricht University Universiteitssingel 40 Maastricht 6229ER The Netherlands
| | - Pamela Habibović
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering MERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative Medicine Maastricht University Universiteitssingel 40 Maastricht 6229ER The Netherlands
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5
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Soto Veliz D, Zhang H, Toivakka M. Stacking up: a new approach for cell culture studies. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:3249-3257. [PMID: 31166328 DOI: 10.1039/c8bm01694a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Traditional cell culture relies mostly on flat plastic surfaces, such as Petri dishes and multiwell plates. These commercial surfaces provide limited flexibility for experimental design. In contrast, cell biology increasingly demands surface customisation, functionalisation, and cell monitoring in order to obtain data that is relevant in vivo. The development of research areas such as microfluidics and electrochemical detection methods greatly promoted the customised design of cell culture platforms. However, the challenges for mass production and material limitations prevent their widespread usage and commercialisation. This article presents a new cell culture platform based on stacks of a transparent flexible printable substrate. The arrangement introduces multi-layered stacks for possible manipulation and access to the cells. The platform is highly compatible with current technologies, such as colorimetric imaging and fluorescence microscopy. In addition, it can potentially integrate, e.g., biomaterials, patterning, microfluidics, electrochemical detection and other techniques to influence, monitor, and assess cell behaviour in a multitude of different settings. More importantly, the platform is a low-cost alternative customisable through functional printing and coating technologies. The device shown in this manuscript represents a prototype for more sophisticated variations that will expand the relevance of in vitro studies in cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diosangeles Soto Veliz
- Laboratory of Paper Coating and Converting, Åbo Akademi University, Porthaninkatu 3, 20500 Turku, Finland.
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6
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Huang P, Zhao S, Bachman H, Nama N, Li Z, Chen C, Yang S, Wu M, Zhang SP, Huang TJ. Acoustofluidic Synthesis of Particulate Nanomaterials. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1900913. [PMID: 31592417 PMCID: PMC6774021 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201900913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of nanoparticles and particulate nanomaterials with tailored properties is a central step toward many applications ranging from energy conversion and imaging/display to biosensing and nanomedicine. While existing microfluidics-based synthesis methods offer precise control over the synthesis process, most of them rely on passive, partial mixing of reagents, which limits their applicability and potentially, adversely alter the properties of synthesized products. Here, an acoustofluidic (i.e., the fusion of acoustic and microfluidics) synthesis platform is reported to synthesize nanoparticles and nanomaterials in a controllable, reproducible manner through acoustic-streaming-based active mixing of reagents. The acoustofluidic strategy allows for the dynamic control of the reaction conditions simply by adjusting the strength of the acoustic streaming. With this platform, the synthesis of versatile nanoparticles/nanomaterials is demonstrated including the synthesis of polymeric nanoparticles, chitosan nanoparticles, organic-inorganic hybrid nanomaterials, metal-organic framework biocomposites, and lipid-DNA complexes. The acoustofluidic synthesis platform, when incorporated with varying flow rates, compositions, or concentrations of reagents, will lend itself unprecedented flexibility in establishing various reaction conditions and thus enable the synthesis of versatile nanoparticles and nanomaterials with prescribed properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po‐Hsun Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials ScienceDuke UniversityDurhamNC27708USA
| | - Shuaiguo Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials ScienceDuke UniversityDurhamNC27708USA
| | - Hunter Bachman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials ScienceDuke UniversityDurhamNC27708USA
| | - Nitesh Nama
- Department of Engineering Science and MechanicsPennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16802USA
| | - Zhishang Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials ScienceDuke UniversityDurhamNC27708USA
| | - Chuyi Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials ScienceDuke UniversityDurhamNC27708USA
| | - Shujie Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials ScienceDuke UniversityDurhamNC27708USA
| | - Mengxi Wu
- Department of Engineering Science and MechanicsPennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16802USA
| | - Steven Peiran Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials ScienceDuke UniversityDurhamNC27708USA
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials ScienceDuke UniversityDurhamNC27708USA
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7
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Yew M, Ren Y, Koh KS, Sun C, Snape C. A Review of State-of-the-Art Microfluidic Technologies for Environmental Applications: Detection and Remediation. GLOBAL CHALLENGES (HOBOKEN, NJ) 2019; 3:1800060. [PMID: 31565355 PMCID: PMC6383963 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.201800060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic systems have advanced beyond natural and life science applications and lab-on-a-chip uses. A growing trend of employing microfluidic technologies for environmental detection has emerged thanks to the precision, time-effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness of advanced microfluidic systems. This paper reviews state-of-the-art microfluidic technologies for environmental applications, such as on-site environmental monitoring and detection. Microdevices are extensively used in collecting environmental samples as a means to facilitate detection and quantification of targeted components with minimal quantities of samples. Likewise, microfluidic-inspired approaches for separation and treatment of contaminated water and air, such as the removal of heavy metals and waterborne pathogens from wastewater and carbon capture are also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxine Yew
- Department of MechanicalMaterials and Manufacturing EngineeringUniversity of Nottingham Ningbo China199 Taikang East Road315100NingboChina
| | - Yong Ren
- Department of MechanicalMaterials and Manufacturing EngineeringUniversity of Nottingham Ningbo China199 Taikang East Road315100NingboChina
| | - Kai Seng Koh
- School of Engineering and Physical SciencesHeriot‐Watt University MalaysiaNo. 1 Jalan Venna P5/2, Precinct 562200PutrajayaMalaysia
| | - Chenggong Sun
- Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of NottinghamThe Energy Technologies Building, Jubilee CampusNottinghamNG7 2TUUK
| | - Colin Snape
- Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of NottinghamThe Energy Technologies Building, Jubilee CampusNottinghamNG7 2TUUK
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8
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Meng H, Deng S, You Y, Chan HF. The role of microfluidics in protein formulations with pre-programmed functional characteristics. Biologics 2018; 12:191-197. [PMID: 30584273 PMCID: PMC6284529 DOI: 10.2147/btt.s126725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Protein-based therapies hold great promise for treating many diseases. Nevertheless, the challenges of producing therapies with targeted attributes via standardized processes may hinder the development of protein formulations and clinical translation of the advanced therapies. Microfluidics represents a promising technology to develop protein formulations with pre-programmed functional characteristics, including size, morphology, and controlled drug release property. In this review, we discuss some examples of adopting microfluidics for fabricating particle- and fiber/tube-based formulations and highlight the advantages of microfluidics-assisted fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Meng
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China, .,School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China,
| | - Shuai Deng
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China, .,School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China,
| | - Yajing You
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hon Fai Chan
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China, .,School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China,
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9
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Li W, Zhang L, Ge X, Xu B, Zhang W, Qu L, Choi CH, Xu J, Zhang A, Lee H, Weitz DA. Microfluidic fabrication of microparticles for biomedical applications. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:5646-5683. [PMID: 29999050 PMCID: PMC6140344 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00263g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Droplet microfluidics offers exquisite control over the flows of multiple fluids in microscale, enabling fabrication of advanced microparticles with precisely tunable structures and compositions in a high throughput manner. The combination of these remarkable features with proper materials and fabrication methods has enabled high efficiency, direct encapsulation of actives in microparticles whose features and functionalities can be well controlled. These microparticles have great potential in a wide range of bio-related applications including drug delivery, cell-laden matrices, biosensors and even as artificial cells. In this review, we briefly summarize the materials, fabrication methods, and microparticle structures produced with droplet microfluidics. We also provide a comprehensive overview of their recent uses in biomedical applications. Finally, we discuss the existing challenges and perspectives to promote the future development of these engineered microparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Polymer Materials, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Street, Shanghai 200444, China.
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10
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Azevedo C, Macedo MH, Sarmento B. Strategies for the enhanced intracellular delivery of nanomaterials. Drug Discov Today 2018; 23:944-959. [PMID: 28919437 PMCID: PMC7108348 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The intracellular delivery of nanomaterials and drugs has been attracting increasing research interest, mainly because of their important effects and functions in several organelles. Targeting specific organelles can help treat or decrease the symptoms of diabetes, cancer, infectious, and autoimmune diseases. Tuning biological and chemical properties enables the creation of functionalized nanomaterials with enhanced intracellular uptake, ability to escape premature lysosome degradation, and to reach a specific target. Here, we provide an update of recent advances in the intracellular delivery mechanisms that could help drugs reach their target more efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Azevedo
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Helena Macedo
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde & Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, Gandra, Portugal.
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11
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Ghelich P, Salehi Z, Mohajerzedeh S, Jafarkhani M. Experimental and numerical study on a novel microfluidic method to fabricate curcumin loaded calcium alginate microfibres. CAN J CHEM ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.23173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pejman Ghelich
- School of Chemical Engineering; College of Chemical Engineering; University of Tehran; 16 Azar Street Tehran Iran
| | - Zeinab Salehi
- School of Chemical Engineering; College of Chemical Engineering; University of Tehran; 16 Azar Street Tehran Iran
| | - Shams Mohajerzedeh
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Electrical Engineering; University of Tehran; North Kargar Street Tehran Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Jafarkhani
- School of Chemical Engineering; College of Chemical Engineering; University of Tehran; 16 Azar Street Tehran Iran
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12
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Damiati S, Kompella UB, Damiati SA, Kodzius R. Microfluidic Devices for Drug Delivery Systems and Drug Screening. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:E103. [PMID: 29462948 PMCID: PMC5852599 DOI: 10.3390/genes9020103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microfluidic devices present unique advantages for the development of efficient drug carrier particles, cell-free protein synthesis systems, and rapid techniques for direct drug screening. Compared to bulk methods, by efficiently controlling the geometries of the fabricated chip and the flow rates of multiphase fluids, microfluidic technology enables the generation of highly stable, uniform, monodispersed particles with higher encapsulation efficiency. Since the existing preclinical models are inefficient drug screens for predicting clinical outcomes, microfluidic platforms might offer a more rapid and cost-effective alternative. Compared to 2D cell culture systems and in vivo animal models, microfluidic 3D platforms mimic the in vivo cell systems in a simple, inexpensive manner, which allows high throughput and multiplexed drug screening at the cell, organ, and whole-body levels. In this review, the generation of appropriate drug or gene carriers including different particle types using different configurations of microfluidic devices is highlighted. Additionally, this paper discusses the emergence of fabricated microfluidic cell-free protein synthesis systems for potential use at point of care as well as cell-, organ-, and human-on-a-chip models as smart, sensitive, and reproducible platforms, allowing the investigation of the effects of drugs under conditions imitating the biological system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Damiati
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Uday B Kompella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ophthalmology, and Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Safa A Damiati
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rimantas Kodzius
- Mathematics and Natural Sciences Department, The American University of Iraq, Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah 46001, Iraq.
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
- Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU), 80539 Munich, Germany.
- Faculty of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany.
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13
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Galligan C, Nguyen C, Nelson J, Spooner P, Miller T, Davis BM, Lenigk R, Puleo CM. High-Capacity Redox Polymer Electrodes: Applications in Molecular and Cellular Processing. SLAS Technol 2017; 23:374-386. [PMID: 29186669 DOI: 10.1177/2472630317743947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
We present methods to fabricate high-capacity redox electrodes using thick membrane or fiber casting of conjugated polymer solutions. Unlike common solution casting or printing methods used in current organic electronics, the presented techniques enable production of PEDOT:PSS electrodes with high charge capacity and the capability to operate under applied voltages greater than 100 V without electrochemical overoxidation. The electrodes are shown integrated into several electrokinetic components commonly used in automated bioprocess or bioassay workflows, including electrophoretic DNA separation and extraction, cellular electroporation/lysis, and electroosmotic pumping. Unlike current metal electrodes used in these applications, the high-capacity polymer electrodes are shown to function without electrolysis of solvent (i.e., without production of excess H+, OH-, and H2O2 by-products). In addition, each component fabricated using the electrodes is shown to have superior capabilities compared with those fabricated with common metal electrodes. These innovations in electrokinetics include a low-voltage/high-pressure electroosmotic pump, and a "flow battery" (in which electrochemical discharge is used to generate electroosmotic flow in the absence of an applied potential). The novel electrodes (and electrokinetic demonstrations) enable new applications of organic electronics within the biology, health care, and pharmaceutical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Galligan
- 1 Electronics Organization, GE Global Research Center, Niskayuna, NY, USA
| | - Christopher Nguyen
- 2 Work performed during a summer internship at GE Global Research Center, Niskayuna, NY, USA
| | - John Nelson
- 3 Diagnostics and Biomedical Technologies, GE Global Research Center, Niskayuna, NY, USA
| | - Patrick Spooner
- 3 Diagnostics and Biomedical Technologies, GE Global Research Center, Niskayuna, NY, USA
| | - Todd Miller
- 1 Electronics Organization, GE Global Research Center, Niskayuna, NY, USA
| | - Brian M Davis
- 3 Diagnostics and Biomedical Technologies, GE Global Research Center, Niskayuna, NY, USA
| | - Ralf Lenigk
- 1 Electronics Organization, GE Global Research Center, Niskayuna, NY, USA
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14
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Yang Y, Liu X, Wei D, Zhong M, Sun J, Guo L, Fan H, Zhang X. Automated fabrication of hydrogel microfibers with tunable diameters for controlled cell alignment. Biofabrication 2017; 9:045009. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aa90e4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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15
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Toth MJ, Kim T, Kim Y. Robust manufacturing of lipid-polymer nanoparticles through feedback control of parallelized swirling microvortices. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:2805-2813. [PMID: 28726923 PMCID: PMC5560772 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00668c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A variety of therapeutic and/or diagnostic nanoparticles (NPs), or nanomedicines, have been formulated for improved drug delivery and imaging applications. Microfluidic technology enables continuous and highly reproducible synthesis of NPs through controlled mixing processes at the micro- and nanoscale. Yet, the inherent low-throughput remains a critical roadblock, precluding the probable applications of new nanomedicines for clinical translation. Here we present robust manufacturing of lipid-polymer NPs (LPNPs) through feedback controlled operation of parallelized swirling microvortex reactors (SMRs). We demonstrate the capability of a single SMR to continuously produce multicomponent NPs and the high-throughput performance of parallelized SMRs for large-scale production (1.8 kg d-1) of LPNPs while maintaining the physicochemical properties. Finally, we present robust and reliable manufacturing of NPs by integrating the parallelized SMR platform with our custom high-precision feedback control system that addresses unpredictable disturbances during the production. Our approach may contribute to efficient development and optimization of a wide range of multicomponent NPs for medical imaging and drug delivery, ultimately facilitating good manufacturing practice (GMP) production and accelerating the clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Toth
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Taeyoung Kim
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - YongTae Kim
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
- Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of
Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
- Corresponding author: YongTae Kim, George W. Woodruff
School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 345 Ferst
Drive (Rm 3134), Atlanta, GA 30332, (phone) 404-385-1478, (fax) 404-385-8535,
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16
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Pessoa ACSN, Sipoli CC, de la Torre LG. Effects of diffusion and mixing pattern on microfluidic-assisted synthesis of chitosan/ATP nanoparticles. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:2281-2293. [PMID: 28608886 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00291b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan (CHI) nanoparticles present promising applications in pharmaceutical and biomedical fields, including drug and gene delivery. Among different approaches, microfluidics emerges as a resourceful tool for nanoparticle production in low-cost, reproducible processes with predictable fluid dynamics. However, microfluidic-assisted synthesis of CHI nanoparticles has not been widely explored in the literature. In this context, we systematically investigated different process parameters that influence the synthesis of CHI/ATP nanoparticles. We highlight the effects and limitations of diffusion and distinct mixing patterns developed through the microchannels on the final physicochemical characteristics of CHI/ATP nanoparticles produced. To address these hurdles, here we describe a simple, feasible, and reproducible method for the production of CHI/ATP nanoparticles. This strategy enables the development of a continuous and homogeneous production process for CHI nanoparticles to be applied in the most varied fields of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C S N Pessoa
- University of Campinas, UNICAMP, School of Chemical Engineering, PO BOX 6066 13083-852, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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17
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Liu D, Zhang H, Fontana F, Hirvonen JT, Santos HA. Microfluidic-assisted fabrication of carriers for controlled drug delivery. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:1856-1883. [PMID: 28480462 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00242d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The microfluidic technique has brought unique opportunities toward the full control over the production processes for drug delivery carriers, owing to the miniaturisation of the fluidic environment. In comparison to the conventional batch methods, the microfluidic setup provides a range of advantages, including the improved controllability of material characteristics, as well as the precisely controlled release profiles of payloads. This review gives an overview of different fluidic principles used in the literature to produce either polymeric microparticles or nanoparticles, focusing on the materials that could have an impact on drug delivery. We also discuss the relations between the particle size and size distribution of the obtained carriers, and the design and configuration of the microfluidic setups. Overall, the use of microfluidic technologies brings exciting opportunities to expand the body of knowledge in the field of controlled drug delivery and great potential to clinical translation of drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfei Liu
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Drug Research Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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18
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Wilson DR, Mosenia A, Suprenant MP, Upadhya R, Routkevitch D, Meyer RA, Quinones-Hinojosa A, Green JJ. Continuous microfluidic assembly of biodegradable poly(beta-amino ester)/DNA nanoparticles for enhanced gene delivery. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 105:1813-1825. [PMID: 28177587 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Translation of biomaterial-based nanoparticle formulations to the clinic faces significant challenges including efficacy, safety, consistency and scale-up of manufacturing, and stability during long-term storage. Continuous microfluidic fabrication of polymeric nanoparticles has the potential to alleviate the challenges associated with manufacture, while offering a scalable solution for clinical level production. Poly(beta-amino esters) (PBAE)s are a class of biodegradable cationic polymers that self-assemble with anionic plasmid DNA to form polyplex nanoparticles that have been shown to be effective for transfecting cancer cells specifically in vitro and in vivo. Here, we demonstrate the use of a microfluidic device for the continuous and scalable production of PBAE/DNA nanoparticles followed by lyophilization and long term storage that results in improved in vitro efficacy in multiple cancer cell lines compared to nanoparticles produced by bulk mixing as well as in comparison to widely used commercially available transfection reagents polyethylenimine and Lipofectamine® 2000. We further characterized the nanoparticles using nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) to show that microfluidic mixing resulted in fewer DNA-free polymeric nanoparticles compared to those produced by bulk mixing. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 1813-1825, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Wilson
- Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, 21231.,Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins of Medicine, Baltimore, 21231.,Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, 21231
| | - Arman Mosenia
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins of Medicine, Baltimore, 21231.,Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, 21231
| | - Mark P Suprenant
- Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, 21231.,Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins of Medicine, Baltimore, 21231
| | - Rahul Upadhya
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins of Medicine, Baltimore, 21231
| | - Denis Routkevitch
- Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, 21231.,Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins of Medicine, Baltimore, 21231
| | - Randall A Meyer
- Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, 21231.,Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins of Medicine, Baltimore, 21231.,Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, 21231
| | - Alfredo Quinones-Hinojosa
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Neurosurgery, Baltimore, 21231.,Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21231
| | - Jordan J Green
- Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, 21231.,Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins of Medicine, Baltimore, 21231.,Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, 21231.,Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Neurosurgery, Baltimore, 21231.,Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21231.,Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, 21231.,Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21231
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19
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Chan HF, Ma S, Tian J, Leong KW. High-throughput screening of microchip-synthesized genes in programmable double-emulsion droplets. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:3485-3495. [PMID: 28239692 PMCID: PMC5428077 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr08224f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The rapid advances in synthetic biology and biotechnology are increasingly demanding high-throughput screening technology, such as screening of the functionalities of synthetic genes for optimization of protein expression. Compartmentalization of single cells in water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion droplets allows screening of a vast number of individualized assays, and recent advances in automated microfluidic devices further help realize the potential of droplet technology for high-throughput screening. However these single-emulsion droplets are incompatible with aqueous phase analysis and the inner droplet environment cannot easily communicate with the external phase. We present a high-throughput, miniaturized screening platform for microchip-synthesized genes using microfluidics-generated water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) double emulsion (DE) droplets that overcome these limitations. Synthetic gene variants of fluorescent proteins are synthesized with a custom-built microarray inkjet synthesizer, which are then screened for expression in Escherichia coli (E. coli) cells. Bacteria bearing individual fluorescent gene variants are encapsulated as single cells into DE droplets where fluorescence signals are enhanced by 100 times within 24 h of proliferation. Enrichment of functionally-correct genes by employing an error correction method is demonstrated by screening DE droplets containing fluorescent clones of bacteria with the red fluorescent protein (rfp) gene. Permeation of isopropyl β-d-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) through the thin oil layer from the external solution initiates target gene expression. The induced expression of the synthetic fluorescent proteins from at least ∼100 bacteria per droplet generates detectable fluorescence signals to enable fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) of the intact droplets. This technology obviates time- and labor-intensive cell culture typically required in conventional bulk experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- H F Chan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, 27705, USA. and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, 10027, USA
| | - S Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, 27705, USA. and General Biosystems, Inc. Morrisville, 27560 USA
| | - J Tian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, 27705, USA. and General Biosystems, Inc. Morrisville, 27560 USA and Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - K W Leong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, 27705, USA. and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, 10027, USA and Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, 10027, USA
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20
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Uzarski JS, DiVito MD, Wertheim JA, Miller WM. Essential design considerations for the resazurin reduction assay to noninvasively quantify cell expansion within perfused extracellular matrix scaffolds. Biomaterials 2017; 129:163-175. [PMID: 28343003 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Precise measurement of cellularity within bioartificial tissues and extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds is necessary to augment rigorous characterization of cellular behavior, as accurate benchmarking of tissue function to cell number allows for comparison of data across experiments and between laboratories. Resazurin, a soluble dye that is reduced to highly fluorescent resorufin in proportion to the metabolic activity of a cell population, is a valuable, noninvasive tool to measure cell number. We investigated experimental conditions in which resazurin reduction is a reliable indicator of cellularity within three-dimensional (3D) ECM scaffolds. Using three renal cell populations, we demonstrate that correlation of viable cell numbers with the rate of resorufin generation may deviate from linearity at higher cell densities, lower resazurin working volumes, or longer incubation times that all contribute to depleting the pool of resazurin. In conclusion, while the resazurin reduction assay provides a powerful, noninvasive readout of metrics enumerating cellularity and growth within ECM scaffolds, assay conditions may strongly influence its applicability for accurate quantification of cell number. The approach and methodological recommendations presented herein may be used as a guide for application-specific optimization of this assay to obtain rigorous and accurate measurement of cellular content in bioengineered tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph S Uzarski
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Michael D DiVito
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jason A Wertheim
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Surgery, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - William M Miller
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
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21
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Thon JN, Dykstra BJ, Beaulieu LM. Platelet bioreactor: accelerated evolution of design and manufacture. Platelets 2017; 28:472-477. [PMID: 28112988 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2016.1265922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Platelets, responsible for clot formation and blood vessel repair, are produced by megakaryocytes in the bone marrow. Platelets are critical for hemostasis and wound healing, and are often provided following surgery, chemotherapy, and major trauma. Despite their importance, platelets today are derived exclusively from human volunteer donors. They have a shelf life of just five days, making platelet shortages common during long weekends, civic holidays, bad weather, and during major emergencies when platelets are needed most. Megakaryocytes in the bone marrow generate platelets by extruding long cytoplasmic extensions called proplatelets through gaps/fenestrations in blood vessels. Proplatelets serve as assembly lines for platelet production by sequentially releasing platelets and large discoid-shaped platelet intermediates called preplatelets into the circulation. Recent advances in platelet bioreactor development have aimed to mimic the key physiological characteristics of bone marrow, including extracellular matrix composition/stiffness, blood vessel architecture comprising tissue-specific microvascular endothelium, and shear stress. Nevertheless, how complex interactions within three-dimensional (3D) microenvironments regulate thrombopoiesis remains poorly understood, and the technical challenges associated with designing and manufacturing biomimetic microfluidic devices are often under-appreciated and under-reported. We have previously reviewed the major cell culture, platelet quality assessment, and regulatory roadblocks that must be overcome to make human platelet production possible for clinical use [1]. This review builds on our previous manuscript by: (1) detailing the historical evolution of platelet bioreactor design to recapitulate native platelet production ex vivo, and (2) identifying the associated challenges that still need to be addressed to further scale and validate these devices for commercial application. While platelets are among the first cells whose ex vivo production is spearheading major engineering advancements in microfluidic design, the resulting discoveries will undoubtedly extend to the production of other human tissues. This work is critical to identify the physiological characteristics of relevant 3D tissue-specific microenvironments that drive cell differentiation and elaborate upon how these are disrupted in disease. This is a burgeoning field whose future will define not only the ex vivo production of platelets and development of targeted therapies for thrombocytopenia, but the promise of regenerative medicine for the next century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan N Thon
- a Hematology Division, Department of Medicine , Brigham and Women's Hospital , MA , USA.,b Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA.,c Platelet BioGenesis , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Brad J Dykstra
- a Hematology Division, Department of Medicine , Brigham and Women's Hospital , MA , USA.,b Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA.,c Platelet BioGenesis , Boston , MA , USA
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22
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Jiang W, Li M, Chen Z, Leong KW. Cell-laden microfluidic microgels for tissue regeneration. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:4482-4506. [PMID: 27797383 PMCID: PMC5110393 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc01193d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Regeneration of diseased tissue is one of the foremost concerns for millions of patients who suffer from tissue damage each year. Local delivery of cell-laden hydrogels offers an attractive approach for tissue repair. However, due to the typical macroscopic size of these cell constructs, the encapsulated cells often suffer from poor nutrient exchange. These issues can be mitigated by incorporating cells into microscopic hydrogels, or microgels, whose large surface-to-volume ratio promotes efficient mass transport and enhanced cell-matrix interactions. Using microfluidic technology, monodisperse cell-laden microgels with tunable sizes can be generated in a high-throughput manner, making them useful building blocks that can be assembled into tissue constructs with spatially controlled physicochemical properties. In this review, we examine microfluidics-generated cell-laden microgels for tissue regeneration applications. We provide a brief overview of the common biomaterials, gelation mechanisms, and microfluidic device designs that are used to generate these microgels, and summarize the most recent works on how they are applied to tissue regeneration. Finally, we discuss future applications of microfluidic cell-laden microgels as well as existing challenges that should be resolved to stimulate their clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqian Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Mingqiang Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Zaozao Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Kam W Leong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
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23
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Chan HF, Zhang Y, Leong KW. Efficient One-Step Production of Microencapsulated Hepatocyte Spheroids with Enhanced Functions. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:2720-30. [PMID: 27038291 PMCID: PMC4982767 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201502932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Revised: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocyte spheroids microencapsulated in hydrogels can contribute to liver research in various capacities. The conventional approach of microencapsulating spheroids produces a variable number of spheroids per microgel and requires an extra step of spheroid loading into the gel. Here, a microfluidics technology bypassing the step of spheroid loading and controlling the spheroid characteristics is reported. Double-emulsion droplets are used to generate microencapsulated homotypic or heterotypic hepatocyte spheroids (all as single spheroids <200 μm in diameter) with enhanced functions in 4 h. The composition of the microgel is tunable as demonstrated by improved hepatocyte functions during 24 d culture (albumin secretion, urea secretion, and cytochrome P450 activity) when alginate-collagen composite hydrogel is used instead of alginate. Hepatocyte spheroids in alginate-collagen also perform better than hepatocytes cultured in collagen-sandwich configuration. Moreover, hepatocyte functions are significantly enhanced when hepatocytes and endothelial progenitor cells (used as a novel supporting cell source) are co-cultured to form composite spheroids at an optimal ratio of 5:1, which could be further boosted when encapsulated in alginate-collagen. This microencapsulated-spheroid formation technology with high yield, versatility, and uniformity is envisioned to be an enabling technology for liver tissue engineering as well as biomanufacturing.
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