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Kim JW, Ahn MH, Jung JY, Suh CH, Han JH, Kim HA. Role of chemokines CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, and CXCR3 in the serum and minor salivary gland tissues of patients with Sjögren's syndrome. Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:133. [PMID: 38900301 PMCID: PMC11189950 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-024-01401-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the serum and expression levels of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 9 (CXCL9), CXCL10, CXCL11, and CXC receptor 3 (CXCR3) in minor salivary glands (MSGs) of patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS), and to explore their correlations with clinical parameters. Serum samples from 49 patients diagnosed with pSS, 33 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and 30 healthy controls (HCs) were collected for measurements of CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, and CXCR3. Additionally, CXCL levels in the MSG tissues were measured in 41 patients who underwent MSG biopsy. Correlations between CXCL and CXCL/CXCR levels in serum/MSG tissues and clinical factors/salivary scintigraphy parameters were analyzed. Serum CXCL11 and CXCR3 showed statistically significant differences among patients with pSS and RA and HCs (serum CXCL11, pSS:RA:HC = 235.6 ± 500.1 pg/mL:90.0 ± 200.3 pg/mL:45.9 ± 53.6 pg/mL; p = 0.041, serum CXCR3, pSS:RA:HC = 3.27 ± 1.32 ng/mL:3.29 ± 1.17 ng/mL:2.00 ± 1.12 ng/mL; p < 0.001). Serum CXCL10 showed a statistically significant difference between pSS (64.5 ± 54.2 pg/mL) and HCs (18.6 ± 18.1 pg/mL, p < 0.001), while serum CXCL9 did not exhibit a significant difference among the groups. Correlation analysis of clinical factors revealed that serum CXCL10 and CXCL11 levels positively correlated with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (r = 0.524, p < 0.001 and r = 0.707, p < 0.001, respectively), total protein (r = 0.375, p = 0.008 and r = 0.535, p < 0.001, respectively), globulin (r = 0.539, p < 0.001 and r = 0.639, p < 0.001, respectively), and European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology SS Disease Activity Index (r = 0.305, p = 0.033 and r = 0.321, p = 0.025). Additionally, serum CXCL10 negatively correlated with the Schirmer test score (r = - 0.354, p = 0.05), while serum CXCL11 positively correlated with the biopsy focus score (r = 0.612, p = 0.02). In the MSG tissue, the percentage of infiltrating CXCL9-positive cells was highest (75.5%), followed by CXCL10 (29.1%) and CXCL11 (27.9%). In the correlation analysis, CXCL11-expressing cells were inversely related to the mean washout percentage on salivary gland scintigraphy (r = - 0.448, p = 0.007). Our study highlights distinct serum and tissue chemokine patterns in pSS, emphasizing CXCL9's potential for early diagnosis. This suggests that CXCL10 and CXCL11 are indicators of disease progression, warranting further investigation into their roles in autoimmune disorders beyond pSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Won Kim
- Department of Rheumatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Hyun Ahn
- Department of Rheumatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Yang Jung
- Department of Rheumatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hee Suh
- Department of Rheumatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ho Han
- Department of Pathology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyoun-Ah Kim
- Department of Rheumatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea.
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Huang Y, Liu HM, Mao QY, Wu LL, Xiang RL, Yu GY. Identification of circRNAs expression profiles and functional networks in parotid gland of type 2 diabetes mouse. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:450. [PMID: 38714918 PMCID: PMC11077881 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10290-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a novel kind of non-coding RNAs proved to play crucial roles in the development of multiple diabetic complications. However, their expression and function in diabetes mellitus (DM)-impaired salivary glands are unknown. RESULTS By using microarray technology, 663 upregulated and 999 downregulated circRNAs companied with 813 upregulated and 525 downregulated mRNAs were identified in the parotid glands (PGs) of type2 DM mice under a 2-fold change and P < 0.05 cutoff criteria. Gene ontology (GO) and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) analysis of upregulated mRNAs showed enrichments in immune system process and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway. Infiltration of inflammatory cells and increased inflammatory cytokines were observed in diabetic PGs. Seven differently expressed circRNAs validated by qRT-PCR were selected for coding-non-coding gene co-expression (CNC) and competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks analysis. PPAR signaling pathway was primarily enriched through analysis of circRNA-mRNA networks. Moreover, the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA networks highlighted an enrichment in the regulation of actin cytoskeleton. CONCLUSION The inflammatory response is elevated in diabetic PGs. The selected seven distinct circRNAs may attribute to the injury of diabetic PG by modulating inflammatory response through PPAR signaling pathway and actin cytoskeleton in diabetic PGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, 100081, Beijing, P.R. China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Stomotalogical Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, 361006, Xiamen, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Min Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, 100191, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Qian-Ying Mao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, 100081, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Li-Ling Wu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, 100191, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Ruo-Lan Xiang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, 100191, Beijing, P.R. China.
| | - Guang-Yan Yu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, 100081, Beijing, P.R. China.
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Liao J, Yu X, Huang Z, He Q, Yang J, Zhang Y, Chen J, Song W, Luo J, Tao Q. Chemokines and lymphocyte homing in Sjögren's syndrome. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1345381. [PMID: 38736890 PMCID: PMC11082322 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1345381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease that typically presents with lymphocyte, dendritic cell, and macrophage infiltration of exocrine gland ducts and the formation of ectopic germinal centers. The interactions of lymphocyte homing receptors and addressins and chemokines and their receptors, such as α4β7/MAdCAM-1, LFA-1/ICAM-1, CXCL13/CXCR5, CCL25/CCR9, CX3CL1/CX3CR1, play important roles in the migration of inflammatory cells to the focal glands and the promotion of ectopic germinal center formation in SS. A variety of molecules have been shown to be involved in lymphocyte homing, including tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon (IFN)-α, IFN-β, and B cell activating factor. This process mainly involves the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling pathway, lymphotoxin-β receptor pathway, and nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway. These findings have led to the development of antibodies to cell adhesion molecules, antagonists of chemokines and their receptors, compounds interfering with chemokine receptor signaling, and gene therapies targeting chemokines and their receptors, providing new targets for the treatment of SS in humans. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between lymphocyte homing and the pathogenesis of SS, and to provide a review of recent studies addressing lymphocyte homing in targeted therapy for SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahe Liao
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Rheumatism, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xinbo Yu
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Rheumatism, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ziwei Huang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Rheumatism, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qian He
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Rheumatism, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianying Yang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Rheumatism, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Rheumatism, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqi Chen
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Rheumatism, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weijiang Song
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Rheumatism, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Immune Inflammatory Disease, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qingwen Tao
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Rheumatism, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Immune Inflammatory Disease, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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Warner B, Pranzatelli T, Perez P, Ku A, Matuck BF, Huynh K, Sakai S, Abed M, Jang SI, Yamada E, Dominick K, Ahmed Z, Oliver A, Wasikowski R, Easter Q, Magone MT, Baer A, Pelayo E, Khavandgar Z, Gupta S, Kleiner D, Lessard C, Farris A, Martin D, Morell R, Zheng C, Rachmaninoff N, Maldonado-Ortiz J, Qu X, Aure M, Dezfulian M, Lake R, Teichmann S, Barber D, Tsoi L, Sowalsky A, Tyc K, Gudjonsson J, Byrd K, Johnson P, Liu J, Chiorini J. GZMK+CD8+ T cells Target a Specific Acinar Cell Type in Sjögren's Disease. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3601404. [PMID: 38196575 PMCID: PMC10775371 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3601404/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Sjögren's Disease (SjD) is a systemic autoimmune disease without a clear etiology or effective therapy. Utilizing unbiased single-cell and spatial transcriptomics to analyze human minor salivary glands in health and disease we developed a comprehensive understanding of the cellular landscape of healthy salivary glands and how that landscape changes in SjD patients. We identified novel seromucous acinar cell types and identified a population of PRR4+CST3+WFDC2- seromucous acinar cells that are particularly targeted in SjD. Notably, GZMK+CD8 T cells, enriched in SjD, exhibited a cytotoxic phenotype and were physically associated with immune-engaged epithelial cells in disease. These findings shed light on the immune response's impact on transitioning acinar cells with high levels of secretion and explain the loss of this specific cell population in SjD. This study explores the complex interplay of varied cell types in the salivary glands and their role in the pathology of Sjögren's Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake Warner
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research
| | | | | | - Anson Ku
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute
| | | | | | | | - Mehdi Abed
- Salivary Disorders Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research
| | | | - Eiko Yamada
- Salivary Disorders Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research
| | - Kalie Dominick
- Salivary Disorders Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research
| | - Zara Ahmed
- Salivary Disorders Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research
| | | | | | | | | | - Alan Baer
- Sjögren's Clinical Investigations Team, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research
| | | | - Zohreh Khavandgar
- Sjögren's Clinical Investigations Team, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research
| | - Sarthak Gupta
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases
| | - David Kleiner
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute
| | - Christopher Lessard
- Genes & Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation
| | - A Farris
- Oklahoma Medical Research Fd. OMRF
| | | | - Robert Morell
- Genomics and Computational Biology Core, National Institutes on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH
| | - Changyu Zheng
- Genomics and Computational Biology Core, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research
| | | | | | - Xufeng Qu
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | - Marit Aure
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research
| | | | - Ross Lake
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis (LCGP) Microscopy Core Facility, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute
| | | | - Daniel Barber
- T-lymphocyte Biology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
| | - Lam Tsoi
- Medical University of South Carolina
| | | | - Katarzyna Tyc
- Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | | | - Kevin Byrd
- Lab of Oral & Craniofacial Innovation (LOCI), Department of Innovation & Technology Research, ADA Science & Research Institute
| | - Philip Johnson
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland College Park
| | | | - John Chiorini
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research
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Yoon J, Lee M, Ali AA, Oh YR, Choi YS, Kim S, Lee N, Jang SG, Park S, Chung JH, Kwok SK, Hyon JY, Cha S, Lee YJ, Im SG, Kim Y. Mitochondrial double-stranded RNAs as a pivotal mediator in the pathogenesis of Sjӧgren's syndrome. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 30:257-269. [PMID: 36284513 PMCID: PMC9576540 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Sjӧgren's syndrome (SS) is a systemic autoimmune disease that targets the exocrine glands, resulting in impaired saliva and tear secretion. To date, type I interferons (I-IFNs) are increasingly recognized as pivotal mediators in SS, but their endogenous drivers have not been elucidated. Here, we investigate the role of mitochondrial double-stranded RNAs (mt-dsRNAs) in regulating I-IFNs and other glandular phenotypes of SS. We find that mt-dsRNAs are elevated in the saliva and tears of SS patients (n = 73 for saliva and n = 16 for tears) and in salivary glands of non-obese diabetic mice with salivary dysfunction. Using the in-house-developed 3D culture of immortalized human salivary gland cells, we show that stimulation by exogenous dsRNAs increase mt-dsRNAs, activate the innate immune system, trigger I-IFNs, and promote glandular phenotypes. These responses are mediated via the Janus kinase 1 (JAK1)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway. Indeed, a small chemical inhibitor of JAK1 attenuates mtRNA elevation and immune activation. We further show that muscarinic receptor ligand acetylcholine ameliorates autoimmune characteristics by preventing mt-dsRNA-mediated immune activation. Last, direct suppression of mt-dsRNAs reverses the glandular phenotypes of SS. Altogether, our study underscores the significance of mt-dsRNA upregulation in the pathogenesis of SS and suggests mt-dsRNAs as propagators of a pseudo-viral signal in the SS target tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Yoon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseok Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahsan Ausaf Ali
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Rim Oh
- Medical Science Research Institute, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Seok Choi
- Medical Science Research Institute, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujin Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Namseok Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Gwang Jang
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghyeon Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Haeng Chung
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ki Kwok
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Young Hyon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghee Cha
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Corresponding author Seunghee Cha, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Yun Jong Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author Yun Jong Lee: Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung Gap Im
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for NanoCentury (KINC), KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author Sung Gap Im, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yoosik Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology (KIHST), KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for BioCentury (KIB), KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- BioProcess Engineering Research Center and BioInformatics Research Center, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author Yoosik Kim, KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology (KIHST), KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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McCoy SS, Parker M, Gurevic I, Das R, Pennati A, Galipeau J. Ruxolitinib inhibits IFNγ-stimulated Sjögren's salivary gland MSC HLA-DR expression and chemokine-dependent T cell migration. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2022; 61:4207-4218. [PMID: 35218354 PMCID: PMC9536796 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keac111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sjögren's disease (SjD) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by focal lymphocytic infiltrate of salivary glands (SGs) and high SG IFNγ, both of which are associated with elevated lymphoma risk. IFNγ is also biologically relevant to mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), a SG resident cell with unique niche regenerative and immunoregulatory capacities. In contrast to the role of IFNγ in SjD, IFNγ promotes an anti-inflammatory MSC phenotype in other diseases. The objective of this study was to define the immunobiology of IFNγ-exposed SG-MSCs with and without the JAK1 & 2 inhibitor, ruxolitinib. METHODS SG-MSCs were isolated from SjD and controls human subjects. SG-MSCs were treated with 10 ng/ml IFNγ +/- 1000 nM ruxolitinib. Experimental methods included flow cytometry, RNA-sequencing, chemokine array, ELISA and transwell chemotaxis experiments. RESULTS We found that IFNγ promoted expression of SG-MSC immunomodulatory markers, including HLA-DR, and this expression was inhibited by ruxolitinib. We confirmed the differential expression of CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, CCL2 and CCL7, initially identified with RNA sequencing. SG-MSCs promoted CD4+ T cell chemotaxis when pre-stimulated with IFNγ. Ruxolitinib blocks chemotaxis through inhibition of SG-MSC production of CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11. CONCLUSIONS These findings establish that ruxolitinib inhibits IFNγ-induced expression of SG-MSC immunomodulatory markers and chemokines. Ruxolitinib also reverses IFNγ-induced CD4+ T cell chemotaxis, through inhibition of CXCL9, -10 and -11. Because IFNγ is higher in SjD than control SGs, we have identified SG-MSCs as a plausible pathogenic cell type in SjD. We provide proof of concept supporting further study of ruxolitinib to treat SjD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara S McCoy
- Division or Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Health
| | - Maxwell Parker
- Division or Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Health
| | - Ilya Gurevic
- Division or Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Health
| | - Rahul Das
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Andrea Pennati
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jacques Galipeau
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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Caban M, Omulecki W, Latecka-Krajewska B. Dry eye in Sjögren's syndrome - characteristics and therapy. Eur J Ophthalmol 2022; 32:3174-3184. [PMID: 35354331 DOI: 10.1177/11206721221091375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sjögren's syndrome is an autoimmune disease, and its important feature is the lymphocyte infiltration of exocrine glands, including lacrimal glands. It contributes to defects of their activity and causes that one of the main manifestation of Sjögren's syndrome is dry eye. Unfortunately, the discrimination between dry eye related and non-related to Sjögren's syndrome is difficult at the initial stages of diseases. In addition, the available agents for the treatment of Sjögren's syndrome-related dry eye have limited efficacy. AIM The purpose of this study was to describe and emphasize differences between Sjögren's Syndrome-related dry eye and non-Sjögren's Syndrome-related dry eye together with the determination of novel therapeutic options for Sjögren's Syndrome-related dry eye. METHOD A review of the relevant papers describing characteristics of Sjögren's Syndrome-related dry eye and its therapy was conducted. This article is based on both pre-clinical and clinical evidences. RESULTS On the basis of our analysis, we indicated differences between Sjögren's Syndrome-related dry eye and non-Sjögren's Syndrome-related dry eye. Moreover, there are some novel markers that could be used in the diagnosis of Sjögren's Syndrome-related dry eye. In addition, expect artificial tear, other agents e.g. hydroxychloroquine can be effective in therapy of disease. CONCLUSIONS Sjögren's Syndrome-related dry eye is a disorder, whose diagnosis may be difficult and mistaken for non-Sjögren's Syndrome-related dry eye. However, Sjögren's Syndrome-related dry eye has some specific features. In addition, the development of newer and safer therapeutic agents for Sjögren's syndrome-related dry eye is needed, and therefore further clinical, randomized studies are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miłosz Caban
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University Barlicki Hospital No. 1, 37808Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Wojciech Omulecki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University Barlicki Hospital No. 1, 37808Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Beata Latecka-Krajewska
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University Barlicki Hospital No. 1, 37808Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Hernández-Molina G, Ruiz-Quintero N, Lima G, Hernández-Ramírez D, Llorente-Chávez A, Saavedra-González V, Jiménez-Soto R, Llorente L. Chemokine tear levels in primary Sjögren’s syndrome and their relationship with symptoms. Int Ophthalmol 2022; 42:2355-2361. [DOI: 10.1007/s10792-022-02233-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gerossier E, Nayar S, Froidevaux S, Smith CG, Runser C, Iannizzotto V, Vezzali E, Pierlot G, Mentzel U, Murphy MJ, Martinic MM, Barone F. Cenerimod, a selective S1P 1 receptor modulator, improves organ-specific disease outcomes in animal models of Sjögren's syndrome. Arthritis Res Ther 2021; 23:289. [PMID: 34839819 PMCID: PMC8628476 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-021-02673-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sjögren’s syndrome is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by immune cells predominantly infiltrating the exocrine glands and frequently forming ectopic lymphoid structures. These structures drive a local functional immune response culminating in autoantibody production and tissue damage, associated with severe dryness of mucosal surfaces and salivary gland hypofunction. Cenerimod, a potent, selective and orally active sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 modulator, inhibits the egress of lymphocytes into the circulation. Based on the mechanism of action of cenerimod, its efficacy was evaluated in two mouse models of Sjögren’s syndrome. Methods Cenerimod was administered in two established models of Sjögren’s syndrome; firstly, in an inducible acute viral sialadenitis model in C57BL/6 mice, and, secondly, in the spontaneous chronic sialadenitis MRL/lpr mouse model. The effects of cenerimod treatment were then evaluated by flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, histopathology and immunoassays. Comparisons between groups were made using a Mann-Whitney test. Results In the viral sialadenitis model, cenerimod treatment reduced salivary gland immune infiltrates, leading to the disaggregation of ectopic lymphoid structures, reduced salivary gland inflammation and preserved organ function. In the MRL/lpr mouse model, cenerimod treatment decreased salivary gland inflammation and reduced T cells and proliferating plasma cells within salivary gland ectopic lymphoid structures, resulting in diminished disease-relevant autoantibodies within the salivary glands. Conclusions Taken together, these results suggest that cenerimod can reduce the overall autoimmune response and improve clinical parameters in the salivary glands in models of Sjögren’s syndrome and consequently may reduce histological and clinical parameters associated with the disease in patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13075-021-02673-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Gerossier
- Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Hegenheimermattweg 91, 4123, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Saba Nayar
- Centre for Translational Inflammation Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham Research Laboratories, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sylvie Froidevaux
- Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Hegenheimermattweg 91, 4123, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Charlotte G Smith
- Centre for Translational Inflammation Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham Research Laboratories, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Celine Runser
- Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Hegenheimermattweg 91, 4123, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Valentina Iannizzotto
- Centre for Translational Inflammation Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham Research Laboratories, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Enrico Vezzali
- Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Hegenheimermattweg 91, 4123, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Gabin Pierlot
- Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Hegenheimermattweg 91, 4123, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Mentzel
- Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Hegenheimermattweg 91, 4123, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Mark J Murphy
- Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Hegenheimermattweg 91, 4123, Allschwil, Switzerland.
| | - Marianne M Martinic
- Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Hegenheimermattweg 91, 4123, Allschwil, Switzerland.
| | - Francesca Barone
- Centre for Translational Inflammation Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham Research Laboratories, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK.,Rheumatology Department, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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10
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Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (SjS) is a systemic autoimmune disease marked by xerostomia (dry mouth), keratoconjunctivitis sicca (eye dryness), and other systematic disorders. Its pathogenesis involves an inflammatory process that is characterized by lymphocytic infiltration into exocrine glands and other tissues. Although the development of ectopic lymphoid tissue and overproduction of autoantibodies by hyperactive B cells suggest that they may promote SjS development, treatment directed towards them fails to induce significant laboratory or clinical improvement. T cells are overwhelming infiltrators in most phases of the disease, and the involvement of multiple T cell subsets of suggests the extraordinary complexity of SjS pathogenesis. The factors, including various cellular subtypes and molecules, regulate the activation and suppression of T cells. T cell activation induces inflammatory cell infiltration, B cell activation, tissue damage, and metabolic changes in SjS. Knowledge of the pathways that link these T cell subtypes and regulation of their activities are not completely understood. This review comprehensively summarizes the research progress and our understanding of T cells in SjS, including CD4+ T cells, CD8+ TRM cells, and innate T cells, to provide insights into for clinical treatment.
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11
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Lopes AP, Bekker CPJ, Hillen MR, Blokland SLM, Hinrichs AC, Pandit A, Kruize AA, Radstake TRDJ, van Roon JAG. The Transcriptomic Profile of Monocytes from Patients With Sjögren's Syndrome Is Associated With Inflammatory Parameters and Is Mimicked by Circulating Mediators. Front Immunol 2021; 12:701656. [PMID: 34413853 PMCID: PMC8368727 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.701656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by infiltration of the exocrine glands and prominent B cell hyperactivity. Considering the key role of monocytes in promoting B cell hyperactivity, we performed RNA-sequencing analysis of CD14+ monocytes from patients with pSS, non-Sjögren's sicca (nSS), and healthy controls (HC). We demonstrated that the transcriptomic profile of pSS patients is enriched in intermediate and non-classical monocyte profiles, and confirmed the increased frequency of non-classical monocytes in pSS patients by flow-cytometry analysis. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis identified four molecular signatures in monocytes from pSS patients, functionally annotated for processes related with translation, IFN-signaling, and toll-like receptor signaling. Systemic and local inflammatory features significantly correlated with the expression of these signatures. Furthermore, genes highly associated with clinical features in pSS were identified as hub-genes for each signature. Unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis of the hub-genes identified four clusters of nSS and pSS patients, each with distinct inflammatory and transcriptomic profiles. One cluster showed a significantly higher percentage of pSS patients with higher prevalence of anti-SSA autoantibodies, interferon-score, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate compared to the other clusters. Finally, we showed that the identified transcriptomic differences in pSS monocytes were induced in monocytes of healthy controls by exposure to serum of pSS patients. Representative hub-genes of all four signatures were partially inhibited by interferon-α/β receptor blockade, indicating that the circulating inflammatory mediators, including type I interferons have a significant contribution to the altered transcriptional profile of pSS-monocytes. Our study suggests that targeting key circulating inflammatory mediators, such as type I interferons, could offer new insights into the important pathways and mechanisms driving pSS, and holds promise for halting immunopathology in Sjögren's Syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P Lopes
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Cornelis P J Bekker
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Maarten R Hillen
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Sofie L M Blokland
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Anneline C Hinrichs
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Aridaman Pandit
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Aike A Kruize
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Timothy R D J Radstake
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Joel A G van Roon
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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12
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Zhang S, Qu J, Wang L, Li M, Xu D, Zhao Y, Zhang F, Zeng X. Activation of Toll-Like Receptor 7 Signaling Pathway in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome-Associated Thrombocytopenia. Front Immunol 2021; 12:637659. [PMID: 33767707 PMCID: PMC7986855 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.637659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To identify the importance of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathway using B cell high-throughput sequencing and to explore the participation of the TLR7 signaling pathway in primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS)-associated thrombocytopenia in patient and mouse models. Methods: High-throughput gene sequencing and bioinformatic analyses were performed for 9 patients: 3 patients with pSS and normal platelet counts, 3 patients with pSS-associated thrombocytopenia, and 3 healthy controls. Twenty-four patients with pSS were recruited for validation. Twenty-four non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice were divided into the TLR7 pathway inhibition (CA-4948), activation (Resiquimod), and control groups. Serum, peripheral blood, bone marrow, and submandibular glands were collected for thrombocytopenia and TLR7 pathway analysis. Results: Seven hub genes enriched in the TLR pathway were identified. Compared to that in control patients, the expression of interleukin (IL)-8 and TLR7 pathway molecules in B-cells was higher in patients with pSS-associated thrombocytopenia. Platelet counts exhibited a negative correlation with serum IL-1β and IL-8 levels. In NOD mice, CA-4948/Resiquimod treatment induced the downregulation/upregulation of the TLR7 pathway, leading to consistent elevation/reduction of platelet counts. Megakaryocyte counts in the bone marrow showed an increasing trend in the Resiquimod group, with more naked nuclei. The levels of IL-1β and IL-8 in the serum and submandibular gland tissue increased in the Resiquimod group compared with that in CA-4948 and control groups. Conclusion: pSS-associated thrombocytopenia may be a subset of the systemic inflammatory state as the TLR7 signaling pathway was upregulated in B cells of patients with pSS-associated thrombocytopenia, and activation of the TLR7 pathway led to a thrombocytopenia phenotype in NOD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science & Technology, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Jingge Qu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science & Technology, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science & Technology, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Mengtao Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science & Technology, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science & Technology, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science & Technology, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Fengchun Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science & Technology, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zeng
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science & Technology, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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13
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Hong X, Meng S, Tang D, Wang T, Ding L, Yu H, Li H, Liu D, Dai Y, Yang M. Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals the Expansion of Cytotoxic CD4 + T Lymphocytes and a Landscape of Immune Cells in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome. Front Immunol 2021; 11:594658. [PMID: 33603736 PMCID: PMC7884617 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.594658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) is a systemic autoimmune disease, and its pathogenetic mechanism is far from being understood. In this study, we aimed to explore the cellular and molecular mechanisms that lead to pathogenesis of this disease. Methods We applied single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to 57,288 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from five patients with pSS and five healthy controls. The immune cell subsets and susceptibility genes involved in the pathogenesis of pSS were analyzed. Flow cytometry was preformed to verify the result of scRNA-seq. Results We identified two subpopulations significantly expand in pSS patients. The one highly expressing cytotoxicity genes is named as CD4+ CTLs cytotoxic T lymphocyte, and another highly expressing T cell receptor (TCR) variable gene is named as CD4+ TRAV13-2+ T cell. Flow cytometry results showed the percentages of CD4+ CTLs, which were profiled with CD4+ and GZMB+ staining; the total T cells of 10 patients with pSS were significantly higher than those of 10 healthy controls (P= 0.008). The expression level of IL-1β in macrophages, TCL1A in B cells, as well as interferon (IFN) response genes in most cell subsets was upregulated in the patients with pSS. Susceptibility genes including HLA-DRB5, CTLA4, and AQP3 were highly expressed in patients with pSS. Conclusions Our data revealed disease-specific immune cell subsets and provided some potential new targets of pSS. Specific expansion of CD4+ CTLs may be involved in the pathogenesis of pSS, which might give valuable insights for therapeutic interventions of pSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Hong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Southern Medical University, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuhui Meng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Donge Tang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Liping Ding
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Haiyan Yu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Heng Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Dongzhou Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Yong Dai
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Southern Medical University, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, China
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14
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van Nimwegen JF, van der Tuuk K, Liefers SC, Verstappen GM, Visser A, Wijnsma RF, Vissink A, Hollema H, Mourits MJE, Bootsma H, Kroese FGM. Vaginal dryness in primary Sjögren's syndrome: a histopathological case-control study. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 59:2806-2815. [PMID: 32044981 PMCID: PMC7516088 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim was to study clinical, histopathological and immunological changes in the vagina and cervix of women with primary SS, which might explain vaginal dryness. METHODS We included 10 pre-menopausal female primary SS patients with vaginal dryness and 10 pre-menopausal controls undergoing a laparoscopic procedure. The vaginal health index was recorded. Multiplex immunoassays and flow cytometry were performed on endocervical swab and cervicovaginal lavage samples to evaluate cellular and soluble immune markers. Mid-vaginal and endocervical biopsies were taken and stained for various leucocyte markers, caldesmon (smooth muscle cells), avian V-ets erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homologue (ERG; endothelial cells) and anti-podoplanin (lymphatic endothelium). The number of positive pixels per square micrometre was calculated. RESULTS One patient was excluded because of Clamydia trachomatis, and two controls were excluded because of endometriosis observed during their laparoscopy. Vaginal health was impaired in primary SS. CD45+ cells were increased in vaginal biopsies of women with primary SS compared with controls. Infiltrates were predominantly located in the peri-epithelial region, and mostly consisted of CD3+ lymphocytes. In the endocervix, CD45+ infiltrates were present in patients and in controls, but a higher number of B lymphocytes was seen in primary SS. Vascular smooth muscle cells were decreased in the vagina of primary SS patients. No differences were found in leucocyte subsets in the vaginal and endocervical lumen. CXCL10 was increased in endocervical swab samples of primary SS patients. CONCLUSION Women with primary SS show impaired vaginal health and increased lymphocytic infiltration in the vagina compared with controls. Vaginal dryness in primary SS might be caused by vascular dysfunction, possibly induced by IFN-mediated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolien F van Nimwegen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Karin van der Tuuk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of GroningenUniversity Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Silvia C Liefers
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gwenny M Verstappen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Annie Visser
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Robin F Wijnsma
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan Vissink
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harry Hollema
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marian J E Mourits
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of GroningenUniversity Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrika Bootsma
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Frans G M Kroese
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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15
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Chen X, Jiang S, Zhou Z, Xu X, Ying S, Du L, Qiu K, Xu Y, Wu J, Wang X. Increased expression of interleukin-21-inducible genes in minor salivary glands are associated with primary Sjögren’s syndrome disease characteristics. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2020; 60:2979-2989. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
To determine the upregulation of IL-21-inducible genes in minor salivary glands (MSGs) in 28 primary SS (pSS) patients and 12 non-pSS subjects and correlate it with disease characteristics.
Methods
RNA sequencing was utilized to compare IL-21-inducible genes expression in the MSGs between pSS and non-pSS subjects. The subgroups were characterized according to the IL-21 score calculated by seven IL-21-inducible genes. Furthermore, the disease characteristics and transcripts implicated in hypoxia and interferon signalling were assessed in two pSS subgroups.
Results
We observed that the expression of the IL-21-inducible genes (IL-21, IL-21R, JAK3, STAT1, HLA-B, CCR7 and CXCL10), the so-called IL-21 signature genes, was significantly increased in pSS patients. The upregulation of JAK3 expression may be induced by hypomethylation of the JAK3 promoter in pSS patients and putatively associated with POU2F2. The patients with increased IL-21 signature gene expression showed an increased EULAR Sjögren’s Syndrome Disease Activity Index score and increased enrichment of B cells, memory B cells, CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, the IL-21 scores in the anti-SSA+, SSB+, ANA+ and high IgG samples were higher than those in the respective antibody-negative samples and normal IgG. In addition, we found both hypoxia and IFN-relevant genes showed strong correlation with IL-21 signature gene expression, indicating their interaction in pSS.
Conclusion
IL-21 signature gene was associated with typical disease characteristics in pSS, which provides insight into the contribution of the IL-21 signalling pathway to the pathogenesis of the disease and might provide a novel treatment strategy for this subtype of pSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Chen
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zihao Zhou
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Senhong Ying
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lifeng Du
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kairui Qiu
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yesha Xu
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jinyu Wu
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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16
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Khan S. Comment on: Vaginal dryness in primary Sjögren’s syndrome: a histopathological case–control study. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2020; 59:e70-e71. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sujoy Khan
- Immunology & Allergy, Queen’s Center, Castle Hill Hospital, Cottingham, UK
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17
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LncRNA Neat1 positively regulates MAPK signaling and is involved in the pathogenesis of Sjögren's syndrome. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 88:106992. [PMID: 33182021 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of the exocrine glands. Recent, studies have shown that the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) NEAT1 plays a crucial role in regulating the immune response. However, studies on the lncRNA NEAT1 in pSS are limited. Exploring the role of the lncRNA NEAT1 in the pathogenesis of pSS was the purpose of this study. METHODS The expression of NEAT1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with pSS and healthy controls (HCs) was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) and siRNA or immune stimulation with PMA/ionomycin were used to perform loss-and-gain-of-function experiments. RT-PCR, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and Western blot were performed to detect the RNA and protein levels of specific genes induced by PMA/ionomycin stimulation. Microarray analysis was used to generate an overview of the genes that might be regulated by NEAT1. RESULTS Compared with that in HC patient cells, the expression of NEAT1 in pSS patients was mainly increased in peripheral T cells, including CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Additionally, the expression of NEAT1 in CD4+ T cells of patients with pSS was positively correlated with the course of disease. NEAT1 expression in Jurkat cells was induced by PMA/ionomycin stimulation upon activation of the TCR-p38 pathway. Upregulation of NEAT1 expression also increased the expression of CXCL8 and TNF-α. Knocking down NEAT1 expression with an ASO suppressed the expression of CXCL8 and TNF-α in PMA/ionomycin-stimulated Jurkat cells. Then, we found that NEAT1 regulated the activation of MAPK pathway to regulate NEAT1-induced factors, selectively activating the expression of p-p38 and p-ERK1/2. Furthermore, we also detected the expression profile of Jurkat cells stimulated by PMA/ionomycin when NEAT1 was silenced or not, in order to produce an overview of NEAT1-regulated genes. CONCLUSION These results provide a new understanding of the mechanisms of pSS and reveal that NEAT1 is a positive regulator of pSS, which is of substantial significance to its pathogenesis. Thus, NEAT1 provides a potential therapeutic target for pSS.
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18
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Schmidt A, Farine H, Keller MP, Sebastian A, Kozera L, Welford RWD, Strasser DS. Immunoaffinity Targeted Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Human Plasma Samples Reveals an Imbalance of Active and Inactive CXCL10 in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome Disease Patients. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:4196-4209. [PMID: 32870689 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
One of the most important advantages of mass spectrometry is the ability to quantify proteins and their modifications in parallel to obtain a holistic picture of the protein of interest. Here, we present a hybrid immunoaffinity targeted mass spectrometry (MS) method that combines efficient pan-antibody enrichment of a specific protein from plasma with the selectivity of high-resolution targeted MS analysis to quantitate specific proteoforms of interest. We used this approach to quantify plasma levels of the chemokine CXCL10 that has been associated with many immunological disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus and primary Sjögren's Syndrome (pSS). The hybrid approach enabled sensitive, specific, and simultaneous quantification of total, full-length (active) CXCL101-77 and DPP4-truncated (inactive) CXCL103-77 in human plasma down to the low pg/mL level, reaching ELISA sensitivities. Samples from 30 control subjects and 34 pSS patients (n = 64) were analyzed. The ratio of CXCL101-77 to truncated CXCL103-77 was significantly increased in patients with pSS and provided the highest correlation with pSS disease activity. Therefore, this CXCL10 proteoform ratio represents an interesting exploratory disease activity biomarker to further investigate. As this strategy can be readily adapted to other plasma proteins and proteoforms of interest, we are convinced that it will lead to a more detailed understanding of proteoforms in physiology and pathology yielding more relevant biomarkers and drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Schmidt
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hervé Farine
- Idorsia Pharmaceuticals, Ltd, Hegenheimermattweg 91, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Marcel P Keller
- Idorsia Pharmaceuticals, Ltd, Hegenheimermattweg 91, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Agata Sebastian
- Department of Rheumatology and Internal Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 210, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Lukasz Kozera
- Lukasiewicz Research Network - PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, National Biobanking Node, Stablowicka 147, 50-066 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Richard W D Welford
- Idorsia Pharmaceuticals, Ltd, Hegenheimermattweg 91, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Daniel S Strasser
- Idorsia Pharmaceuticals, Ltd, Hegenheimermattweg 91, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
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19
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Aqrawi LA, Chen X, Hynne H, Amdal C, Reppe S, Aass HCD, Rykke M, Hove LH, Young A, Herlofson BB, Westgaard KL, Utheim TP, Galtung HK, Jensen JL. Cytokines Explored in Saliva and Tears from Radiated Cancer Patients Correlate with Clinical Manifestations, Influencing Important Immunoregulatory Cellular Pathways. Cells 2020; 9:cells9092050. [PMID: 32911805 PMCID: PMC7565699 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although radiotherapy is a common form of treatment for head and neck cancer, it may lead to tissue damage in the salivary and lacrimal glands, possibly affecting cytokine expression in the gland fluid of treated individuals. Cytokine profiles in saliva and tear fluid of 29 radiated head and neck cancer patients and 20 controls were screened using a multiplex assay. Correlations between cytokine expression and clinical oral and ocular manifestations were examined, and cellular pathways influenced by these cytokines were assessed using the Functional Enrichment Analysis Tool. Significantly elevated cytokines identified in patient saliva were CCL21, IL-4, CX3CL1, CCL2, CXCL1 and CCL15. Many of these cytokines correlated positively with objective signs of oral dryness, and reduced saliva production in the patients. Although CCL21 and IL-4 levels were significantly lower in patient tear fluid, they correlated with subjective ocular symptoms. These increased salivary cytokines affected pro-inflammatory and apoptotic cellular pathways, including T cell signalling, several interleukin signalling pathways, TNF and TGF-β receptor signalling, and the apoptotic p53 pathway. In conclusion, the upregulated salivary cytokines identified suggest an interplay between innate and adaptive immunity, affecting immunoregulatory cellular pathways. Whether this is due to late effects of radiotherapy or tissue repair remains to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara A. Aqrawi
- Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway; (L.A.A.); (X.C.); (H.H.); (B.B.H.); (K.L.W.); (J.L.J.)
- Department of Health Sciences, Kristiania University College, 0153 Oslo, Norway
| | - Xiangjun Chen
- Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway; (L.A.A.); (X.C.); (H.H.); (B.B.H.); (K.L.W.); (J.L.J.)
| | - Håvard Hynne
- Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway; (L.A.A.); (X.C.); (H.H.); (B.B.H.); (K.L.W.); (J.L.J.)
| | - Cecilie Amdal
- Section for Head and Neck Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Sjur Reppe
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway; (S.R.); (H.C.D.A.); (T.P.U.)
| | - Hans Christian D. Aass
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway; (S.R.); (H.C.D.A.); (T.P.U.)
| | - Morten Rykke
- Department of Cariology and Gerodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0455 Oslo, Norway; (M.R.); (L.H.H.); (A.Y.)
| | - Lene Hystad Hove
- Department of Cariology and Gerodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0455 Oslo, Norway; (M.R.); (L.H.H.); (A.Y.)
| | - Alix Young
- Department of Cariology and Gerodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0455 Oslo, Norway; (M.R.); (L.H.H.); (A.Y.)
| | - Bente Brokstad Herlofson
- Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway; (L.A.A.); (X.C.); (H.H.); (B.B.H.); (K.L.W.); (J.L.J.)
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Division for Head, Neck and Reconstructive Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristine Løken Westgaard
- Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway; (L.A.A.); (X.C.); (H.H.); (B.B.H.); (K.L.W.); (J.L.J.)
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Division for Head, Neck and Reconstructive Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Tor Paaske Utheim
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway; (S.R.); (H.C.D.A.); (T.P.U.)
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
- The Norwegian Dry Eye Clinic, 0366 Oslo, Norway
| | - Hilde Kanli Galtung
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +47-2284-0338
| | - Janicke Liaaen Jensen
- Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway; (L.A.A.); (X.C.); (H.H.); (B.B.H.); (K.L.W.); (J.L.J.)
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20
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Letawsky VH, Schreiber AM, Skoretz SA. A Tutorial on Saliva's Role in Swallowing With a Focus on Sjögren's Syndrome. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY 2020; 29:1307-1319. [PMID: 32531172 DOI: 10.1044/2020_ajslp-19-00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Saliva is integral to swallowing and necessary for oral health. Understanding saliva's origin and properties is important for swallowing assessment and management. Diseases such as Sjögren's syndrome (SS) can affect saliva negatively, often contributing to dysphagia. Our objectives are to (a) highlight saliva's fundamental role in swallowing, (b) provide a bibliometric overview of literature pertaining to SS pathophysiology and effects on saliva, (c) explore implications of salivary changes on swallowing and quality of life in SS and other populations, and (d) provide suggestions for systematic saliva assessment in practice. Method This tutorial reviews saliva production, composition, and involvement in swallowing within health and disease. Using rapid review methodology, we outline the effect of SS on saliva and describe SS etiology, diagnosis, and treatment. We discuss formal saliva assessments and a multidisciplinary approach. Results Saliva plays a vital role in swallowing, particularly lubrication, bolus formation, and oral health. SS affects the salivary glands altering salivary flow rate and composition. We identified 55 studies (N) measuring salivary changes, grouping them according to four strata demarcated by SS classification criteria updates. For some, xerostomia, dysphagia, and reduced life quality result. Formal saliva assessments include the Clinical Oral Dryness Score, Xerostomia Inventory, and Secretion Rating Scale. Multidisciplinary care is optimal for patients with salivary changes. Conclusion Understanding salivary changes in disease may enhance understanding of swallowing and inform dysphagia practice. Expanding swallowing assessments with formal saliva evaluations, and patient perspectives thereof, may aid in developing bespoke treatments, ultimately improving outcomes and quality of life. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12456449.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica H Letawsky
- School of Audiology and Speech Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ann-Marie Schreiber
- School of Audiology and Speech Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Stacey A Skoretz
- School of Audiology and Speech Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, Canada
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21
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Tian Q, Zhao H, Ling H, Sun L, Xiao C, Yin G, Wang X, Wu G, Yang C, Chen M, Jin S, Yang X, Wang J. Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Enhances Infiltration of Mononuclear Cells in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome Through Interferon-Induced Protein With Tetratricopeptide Repeats 1-Mediated Up-Regulation of CXCL10. Arthritis Rheumatol 2020; 72:1003-1012. [PMID: 31876388 DOI: 10.1002/art.41195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mononuclear cell infiltration and type I interferon (IFN) system activation play an important role in primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS). We undertook this study to investigate the mechanism of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase family member 9 (PARP-9) on mononuclear cell infiltration triggered by type I IFN. METHODS A proteomic study was conducted in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with primary SS (n = 30) and healthy controls (n = 30) to determine differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) (P < 0.05; fold change >1.20). Labial salivary glands (LSGs) were isolated for hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemical analysis. CD19+ B cells were purified by magnetic cell sorting for immunofluorescence staining, lentivirus-PARP-9 transfection, and IFNα treatment experiments. PARP-9 small interfering RNA (siRNA) and DTX3L siRNA were delivered into female NOD/LtJ female mice to determine their effect. RESULTS The overexpression of PARP-9 and CXCL10 as well as their colocalization was confirmed in primary SS. PARP-9 levels in LSGs rose with increased Chisholm scores in patients with primary SS. PARP-9 and DTX3L were present in the infiltrating mononuclear cells from salivary glands in female NOD/LtJ mouse models. Additionally, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis networks of DEPs demonstrated that PARP-9, STAT1, and IFN-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 1 (IFIT-1) participated in the IFN-related pathway. Furthermore, PARP-9 could up-regulate the expression of IFIT1 and CXCL10 in B cells. Moreover, PARP-9 and CXCL10 could be induced by IFNα in B cells. CONCLUSION This study is the first to implicate PARP-9 as a regulator of infiltration of mononuclear cells in primary SS progression and to reveal that PARP-9 increases CXCL10 expression through up-regulating IFIT-1, which is mediated by the phosphorylation of STAT1. PARP-9 might therefore be a novel therapeutic target for primary SS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Han Zhao
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | | | - Li Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | | | - Guoyu Yin
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Gan Wu
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | | | - Mu Chen
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shengwei Jin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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22
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Aota K, Ono S, Yamanoi T, Kani K, Momota Y, Azuma M. MMP-9 Inhibition Suppresses Interferon-γ-Induced CXCL10 Production in Human Salivary Gland Ductal Cells. Inflammation 2020; 42:2148-2158. [PMID: 31440939 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-019-01079-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gene expression profiling of lip salivary gland (LSG) has shown that C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) expression is upregulated in primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) patients. Although CXCL10 and MMP-9 are both associated with pSS pathogenesis, the potential relationship between these two factors has not been investigated. In this study, we used LSG sections from pSS patients and human salivary gland cell lines to investigate the relationship between CXCL10 and MMP-9. Immunofluorescence analyses revealed that CXCL10 and MMP-9 were co-expressed in the LSG of pSS patients, particularly in expanded ductal cells. Furthermore, RT-qPCR analyses on human salivary gland ductal NS-SV-DC cells confirmed that CXCL10 expression was induced by interferon (IFN)-γ, whereas that of MMP9 was stimulated by IFN-α, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-1β. Remarkably, MMP-9 inhibition in IFN-γ-stimulated NS-SV-DC cells significantly decreased CXCL10 mRNA and secreted protein levels. Further analyses established that MMP-9 inhibition in IFN-γ-stimulated NS-SV-DC cells decreased STAT1 phosphorylation and hence suppressed IFN-γ signaling. Collectively, these results suggest that in addition to its reported role in the destruction of acinar structures, MMP-9 is involved in the IFN-γ-induced production of CXCL10 in pSS lesions. We believe that our findings open the door to the development of novel treatments for pSS, based on the modulation of MMP-9 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Aota
- Department of Oral Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8504, Japan.
| | - Shinji Ono
- Department of Oral Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8504, Japan
| | - Tomoko Yamanoi
- Department of Oral Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8504, Japan
| | - Koichi Kani
- Department of Oral Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8504, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Momota
- Department of Oral Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8504, Japan
| | - Masayuki Azuma
- Department of Oral Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8504, Japan
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23
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Hillen MR, Pandit A, Blokland SLM, Hartgring SAY, Bekker CPJ, van der Heijden EHM, Servaas NH, Rossato M, Kruize AA, van Roon JAG, Radstake TRDJ. Plasmacytoid DCs From Patients With Sjögren's Syndrome Are Transcriptionally Primed for Enhanced Pro-inflammatory Cytokine Production. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2096. [PMID: 31552042 PMCID: PMC6736989 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a systemic auto-immune disease typified by dryness of the mouth and eyes. A majority of patients with pSS have a type-I interferon (IFN)-signature, which is defined as the increased expression of IFN-induced genes in circulating immune cells and is associated with increased disease activity. As plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) are the premier type-I IFN-producing cells and are present at the site of inflammation, they are thought to play a significant role in pSS pathogenesis. Considering the lack of data on pDC regulation and function in pSS patients, we here provided the first in-depth molecular characterization of pSS pDCs. In addition, a group of patients with non-Sjögren's sicca (nSS) was included; these poorly studied patients suffer from complaints similar to pSS patients, but are not diagnosed with Sjögren's syndrome. We isolated circulating pDCs from two independent cohorts of patients and controls (each n = 31) and performed RNA-sequencing, after which data-driven networks and modular analysis were used to identify robustly reproducible transcriptional “signatures” of differential and co-expressed genes. Four signatures were identified, including an IFN-induced gene signature and a ribosomal protein gene-signature, that indicated pDC activation. Comparison with a dataset of in vitro activated pDCs showed that pSS pDCs have higher expression of many genes also upregulated upon pDC activation. Corroborating this transcriptional profile, pSS pDCs produced higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including type-I IFN, upon in vitro stimulation with endosomal Toll-like receptor ligands. In this setting, cytokine production was associated with expression of hub-genes from the IFN-induced and ribosomal protein gene-signatures, indicating that the transcriptional profile of pSS pDCs underlies their enhanced cytokine production. In all transcriptional analyses, nSS patients formed an intermediate group in which some patients were molecularly similar to pSS patients. Furthermore, we used the identified transcriptional signatures to develop a discriminative classifier for molecular stratification of patients with sicca. Altogether, our data provide in-depth characterization of the aberrant regulation of pDCs from patients with nSS and pSS and substantiate their perceived role in the immunopathology of pSS, supporting studies that target pDCs, type-I IFNs, or IFN-signaling in pSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten R Hillen
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Aridaman Pandit
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Sofie L M Blokland
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Sarita A Y Hartgring
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Cornelis P J Bekker
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Eefje H M van der Heijden
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Nila H Servaas
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marzia Rossato
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Aike A Kruize
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Joel A G van Roon
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Timothy R D J Radstake
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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24
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Ma WT, Gao F, Gu K, Chen DK. The Role of Monocytes and Macrophages in Autoimmune Diseases: A Comprehensive Review. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1140. [PMID: 31178867 PMCID: PMC6543461 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes (Mo) and macrophages (Mϕ) are key components of the innate immune system and are involved in regulation of the initiation, development, and resolution of many inflammatory disorders. In addition, these cells also play important immunoregulatory and tissue-repairing roles to decrease immune reactions and promote tissue regeneration. Several lines of evidence have suggested a causal link between the presence or activation of these cells and the development of autoimmune diseases. In addition, Mo or Mϕ infiltration in diseased tissues is a hallmark of several autoimmune diseases. However, the detailed contributions of these cells, whether they actually initiate disease or perpetuate disease progression, and whether their phenotype and functional alteration are merely epiphenomena are still unclear in many autoimmune diseases. Additionally, little is known about their heterogeneous populations in different autoimmune diseases. Elucidating the relevance of Mo and Mϕ in autoimmune diseases and the associated mechanisms could lead to the identification of more effective therapeutic strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Tao Ma
- Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Kui Gu
- Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - De-Kun Chen
- Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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25
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Chen X, Aqrawi LA, Utheim TP, Tashbayev B, Utheim ØA, Reppe S, Hove LH, Herlofson BB, Singh PB, Palm Ø, Galtung HK, Jensen JCL. Elevated cytokine levels in tears and saliva of patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome correlate with clinical ocular and oral manifestations. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7319. [PMID: 31086200 PMCID: PMC6513950 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43714-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigating cytokines in tear fluid and saliva may offer valuable information for understanding the pathogenesis of primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). Cytokine profiles in both tear fluid and saliva of pSS patients, non-Sjögren's syndrome (non-SS) subjects with sicca symptoms, and healthy controls without sicca complaints were analysed. Furthermore, relationships associating the severity of clinical ocular and oral manifestations with the upregulated cytokines were assessed. In tear fluid, pSS patients showed elevated levels of IL-1ra, IL-2, IL-4, IL-8, IL-12p70, IL-17A, IFN-γ, IP-10, MIP-1b, and Rantes compared to non-SS subjects and healthy controls. The increased cytokine levels (except IP-10) correlated significantly with reduced tear production, less stable tear film, and greater ocular surface damage. In saliva, pSS patients had a higher IP-10 level, which correlated with higher candida score; and an elevated MIP-1a level, which correlated significantly with lower unstimulated and stimulated whole saliva secretion rates. The upregulated cytokines identified in tear fluid and saliva of pSS patients show a clear interplay between innate and adaptive immune responses that may contribute to disease pathogenesis. The increase of IP-10 and MIP in both tears and saliva further emphasises the essential role of macrophages and innate immunity in pSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjun Chen
- Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. .,The Norwegian Dry Eye Clinic, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Lara A Aqrawi
- Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tor Paaske Utheim
- The Norwegian Dry Eye Clinic, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Behzod Tashbayev
- Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,The Norwegian Dry Eye Clinic, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Sjur Reppe
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lene Hystad Hove
- Department of Cariology and Gerodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bente Brokstad Herlofson
- Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Preet Bano Singh
- Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Øyvind Palm
- Department of Rheumatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hilde Kanli Galtung
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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26
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Liu Z, Li F, Pan A, Xue H, Jiang S, Zhu C, Jin M, Fang J, Zhu X, Brown MA, Wang X. Elevated CCL19/ CCR7 Expression During the Disease Process of Primary Sjögren's Syndrome. Front Immunol 2019; 10:795. [PMID: 31068931 PMCID: PMC6491632 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a common chronic autoimmune disease characterized by a high prevalence of autoantibodies and lymphocyte-mediated exocrine gland damage. To enhance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the progression of the disease and to discover potential biomarkers for the early diagnosis of pSS, we applied RNA sequencing to compare the gene expression patterns in minor salivary glands between pSS patients and non-pSS. A total of 293 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in pSS vs. non-pSS (FDR < 0.05, fold changes > 2). Of these DEGs, 285 (97.26%) were up-regulated, with most being involved in immune system activation, especially in the formation of the immunological synapse. Significantly elevated CCL19/CCR7 expression in the salivary gland was found to be related to anti-Sjögren's syndrome-related antigen A (SSA) antibody and IgG levels in pSS patients, which was further confirmed in a larger cohort. Up-regulated gene expression showed strong discriminatory accuracy in identifying pSS with area under the curve of 0.98 using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. In conclusion, gene expression changes in pSS include strong markers of immunological activation and have good discriminatory power in identifying patients with pSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Liu
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fengxia Li
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Axiao Pan
- Rheumatology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huangqi Xue
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chengwei Zhu
- Rheumatology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mengmeng Jin
- Rheumatology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jinxia Fang
- Rheumatology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaochun Zhu
- Rheumatology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Matthew A Brown
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) at Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Centre for Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- Rheumatology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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27
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Blokland SLM, Flessa CM, van Roon JAG, Mavragani CP. Emerging roles for chemokines and cytokines as orchestrators of immunopathology in Sjögren's syndrome. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2019; 60:3072-3087. [PMID: 30838419 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/key438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In primary SS (pSS), chemokines and cytokines orchestrate immunopathology driven by a complex network of interacting inflammatory cells. In recent years, the importance of chemotactic and non-chemotactic cytokines that control function, movement and placing of all cells within the inflamed exocrine glands and directing immunopathology has become increasingly clear. This paper reviews the current knowledge on chemokines and focuses on the emerging roles of novel chemotactic and non-chemotactic mediators in pSS. It highlights their contribution to pathogenic processes such as B cell hyperactivity and the formation of ectopic lymphoid structures. To this end, the role of acquired (CXCR5/CCR9 Th-cell-mediated) and innate (inflammasome/IL-1/IL-18-mediated) pathways in steering immunopathology is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie L M Blokland
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Department of Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Christina-Maria Flessa
- Department of Physiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Joel A G van Roon
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Department of Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Clio P Mavragani
- Department of Physiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Joint Academic Rheumatology Program, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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28
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Ushio A, Arakaki R, Otsuka K, Yamada A, Tsunematsu T, Kudo Y, Aota K, Azuma M, Ishimaru N. CCL22-Producing Resident Macrophages Enhance T Cell Response in Sjögren's Syndrome. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2594. [PMID: 30467506 PMCID: PMC6236111 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages (MΦs) are critical regulators of immune response and serve as a link between innate and acquired immunity. The precise mechanism of involvement of tissue-resident MΦs in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases is not clear. Here, using a murine model for Sjögren's syndrome (SS), we investigated the role of tissue-resident MΦs in the onset and development of autoimmunity. Two unique populations of CD11bhigh and CD11blow resident MΦs were observed in the target tissue of the SS model. Comprehensive gene expression analysis of chemokines revealed effective production of CCL22 by the CD11bhigh MΦs. CCL22 upregulated the migratory activity of CD4+ T cells by increasing CCR4, a receptor of CCL22, on T cells in the SS model. In addition, CCL22 enhanced IFN-γ production of T cells of the SS model, thereby suggesting that CCL22 may impair the local immune tolerance in the target organ of the SS model. Moreover, administration of anti-CCL22 antibody suppressed autoimmune lesions in the SS model. Finally, histopathological analysis revealed numerous CCL22-producing MΦs in the minor salivary gland tissue specimens of the SS patients. CCL22-producing tissue-resident MΦs may control autoimmune lesions by enhancing T cell response in the SS model. These results suggest that specific chemokines and their receptors may serve as novel therapeutic or diagnostic targets for SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Ushio
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Rieko Arakaki
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Otsuka
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Akiko Yamada
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takaaki Tsunematsu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yasusei Kudo
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Keiko Aota
- Department of Oral Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masayuki Azuma
- Department of Oral Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Naozumi Ishimaru
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
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29
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Kessal K, Liang H, Rabut G, Daull P, Garrigue JS, Docquier M, Melik Parsadaniantz S, Baudouin C, Brignole-Baudouin F. Conjunctival Inflammatory Gene Expression Profiling in Dry Eye Disease: Correlations With HLA-DRA and HLA-DRB1. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2271. [PMID: 30374345 PMCID: PMC6196257 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: In several multicenter clinical trials, HLA-DR was found to be a potential biomarker of dry eye disease (DED)'s severity and prognosis. Given the fact that HLA-DR receptor is a heterodimer consisting in an alpha and a beta chain, we intended to investigate the correlation of inflammatory targets with the corresponding transcripts, HLA-DRA and HLA-DRB1, to characterize specific targets closely related to HLA-DR expressed in conjunctival cells from patients suffering from DED of various etiologies. Methods: A prospective study was conducted in 88 patients with different forms of DED. Ocular symptom scores, ocular-staining grades, tear breakup time (TBUT) and Schirmer test were evaluated. Superficial conjunctival cells were collected by impression cytology and total RNAs were extracted for analyses using the new NanoString® nCounter technology based on an inflammatory human code set containing 249 inflammatory genes. Results: Two hundred transcripts were reliably detected in conjunctival specimens at various levels ranging from 1 to 222,546 RNA copies. Overall, from the 88 samples, 21 target genes showed a highly significant correlation (R > 0.8) with HLA-DRA and HLA-DRB1, HLA-DRA and B1 presenting the highest correlation (R = 0.9). These selected targets belonged to eight family groups, namely interferon and interferon-stimulated genes, tumor necrosis factor superfamily and related factors, Toll-like receptors and related factors, complement system factors, chemokines/cytokines, the RIPK enzyme family, and transduction signals such as the STAT and MAPK families. Conclusions: We have identified a profile of 21 transcripts correlated with HLA-DR expression, suggesting closely regulated signaling pathways and possible direct or indirect interactions between them. The NanoString® nCounter technology in conjunctival imprints could constitute a reliable tool in the future for wider screening of inflammatory biomarkers in DED, usable in very small samples. Broader combinations of biomarkers associated with HLA-DR could be analyzed to develop new diagnostic approaches, identify tighter pathophysiological gene signatures and personalize DED therapies more efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karima Kessal
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France.,Department of Ophthalmology III, Quinze-Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital, Paris, France.,Quinze-Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital, DHU Sight Restore, INSERM-DGOS CIC 1423, Paris, France
| | - Hong Liang
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France.,Department of Ophthalmology III, Quinze-Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital, Paris, France.,Quinze-Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital, DHU Sight Restore, INSERM-DGOS CIC 1423, Paris, France
| | - Ghislaine Rabut
- Department of Ophthalmology III, Quinze-Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital, Paris, France.,Quinze-Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital, DHU Sight Restore, INSERM-DGOS CIC 1423, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Mylene Docquier
- iGE3 Genomics Platform University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Christophe Baudouin
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France.,Department of Ophthalmology III, Quinze-Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital, Paris, France.,Quinze-Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital, DHU Sight Restore, INSERM-DGOS CIC 1423, Paris, France.,Department of Ophthalmology, Ambroise Paré Hospital, APHP, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin en Yvelines, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Françoise Brignole-Baudouin
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France.,Quinze-Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital, DHU Sight Restore, INSERM-DGOS CIC 1423, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Paris, France
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30
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Kimura-Hayama E, Criales-Vera S, Azpeitia-Espinosa L, Pacheco-Molina C, Reyes E, Lima G, Hernandez-Ramirez D, Llorente L, Hernandez-Molina G. Elastographic ultrasound: an additional image tool in Sjögren's syndrome. Int J Rheum Dis 2018; 21:1293-1300. [PMID: 29624878 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.13292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the stiffness of parotid and submandibular glands using elastography ultrasound and to correlate it with B-mode ultrasonographical, clinical and serological features, salivary profibrotic and inflammatory chemokines, and salivary gland fibrosis. METHODS We performed B-mode and elastography ultrasound of major salivary glands of 26 patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome. We registered the shear wave velocity (SWV) and correlated it with the morphologic ultrasonographic changes assessed by the Hocevar scale. We assessed the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) Sjögren's Syndrome Disease Activity Index (ESSDAI), EULAR Sjögren's Syndrome Patient Reported Index (ESSPRI), non-stimulated whole salivary flow rate (NSWSF), C3 and C4 levels, anti-Ro/La antibodies, salivary inflammatory (C-X-C motif ligand 13 [CXCL13], CXCL10, CXCL8, C-C motif ligand 2 [CCL2], interleukin 10 [IL-10] and IL-6) and pro-fibrotic (CXCL14, CCL28, tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand and transforming growth factor β) chemokines and cytokines and evaluated the presence of fibrosis in the minor salivary gland. RESULTS Ninety-two percent of patients were women; mean age was 51.1 ± 11 years; median disease duration was 6.1 years; 92.3% had oral symptoms and 26.9% fibrosis. The median B-mode score was 22.2 points and the median SWV 2.5 m/s (τ = 0.53, P = 0.001). The SWV correlated with the NSWSF (τ = -0.53, P = 0.001), ESSDAI (τ = 0.31, P = 0.03), glandular ESDDAI domain (τ = 0.36, P = 0.02), C4 levels (τ = -0.32, P = 0.04), salivary CXCL13 (τ = 0.29, P = 0.03) and CXCL10 (τ = 0.30, P = 0.003), but not with age and fibrosis. CONCLUSION WV correlated with the B-mode ultrasound score, systemic and glandular activity and in a large degree with CXCL10, an inflammatory chemokine, but not with fibrosis. An increased SWV might represent chronic glandular inflammation rather than fibrotic changes in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Kimura-Hayama
- Department of Radiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sergio Criales-Vera
- Department of Radiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Azpeitia-Espinosa
- Department of Radiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Pacheco-Molina
- Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Edgardo Reyes
- Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Lima
- Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Diego Hernandez-Ramirez
- Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Llorente
- Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Hernandez-Molina
- Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
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31
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Pathological Analysis of Ocular Lesions in a Murine Model of Sjögren's Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061209. [PMID: 28587293 PMCID: PMC5486032 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by severe inflammation of exocrine glands such as the salivary and lacrimal glands. When it affects the lacrimal glands, many patients experience keratoconjunctivitis due to severely dry eyes. This study investigated the pathological and immunological characteristics of ocular lesions in a mouse model of SS. Corneal epithelial injury and hyperplasia were confirmed pathologically. The number of conjunctival mucin-producing goblet cells was significantly decreased in the SS model mice compared with control mice. Expression levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and C-X-C motif chemokine (CXCL) 12 were significantly higher in the corneal epithelium of the SS model mice than in control mice. Inflammatory lesions were observed in the Harderian, intraorbital, and extraorbital lacrimal glands in the SS model mice, suggesting that the ocular glands were targeted by an autoimmune response. The lacrimal glands of the SS model mice were infiltrated by cluster of differentiation (CD)4+ T cells. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) revealed significantly increased mRNA expression of TNF-α, TGF-β, CXCL9, and lysozyme in the extraorbital lacrimal glands of the SS model mice compared with control mice. These results add to the understanding of the complex pathogenesis of SS and may facilitate development of new therapeutic strategies.
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32
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Ambrósio LMB, Rovai EDS, França BND, Balzarini DA, Abreu IS, Lopes SBB, Nunes TB, Lourenço SV, Pasoto SG, Saraiva L, Holzhausen M. Effects of periodontal treatment on primary sjȫgren's syndrome symptoms. Braz Oral Res 2017; 31:e8. [PMID: 28099577 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2017.vol31.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this longitudinal prospective study was to evaluate the effects of periodontal treatment on the clinical, microbiological and immunological periodontal parameters, and on the systemic activity (ESSDAI) and subjective (ESSPRI) indexes in patients with primary Sjögren's Syndrome (pSS). Twenty-eight female patients were divided into four groups: pSS patients with or without chronic periodontitis (SCP, SC, respectively), and systemically healthy patients with or without chronic periodontitis (CP, C, respectively). Periodontal clinical examination and immunological and microbiological sample collection were performed at baseline, 30 and 90 days after nonsurgical periodontal treatment (NSPT). Levels of interleukin IL-1β, IL-8 and IL-10 in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were evaluated by ELISA, as well as the expression of Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, (Aa) Tannerella forsythia (Tf), and Treponema denticola (Td), by qPCR. Systemic activity and pSS symptoms were evaluated by ESSDAI and ESSPRI. NSPT resulted in improved periodontal clinical parameters in both SCP and CP groups (p>0.05). Pg, Aa, and Tf levels decreased after NSPT only in CP patients (p<0.05). Significantly greater levels of IL-10 in GCF were verified in both SCP and CP groups (p<0.05). SCP patients showed increased salivary flow rates and decreased ESSPRI scores after NSPT. In conclusion, NSPT in pSS patients resulted in improved clinical and immunological parameters, with no significant effects on microbiological status. pSS patients also showed increased salivary flow and lower ESSPRI scores after therapy. Therefore, it can be suggested that NSPT may improve the quality of life of pSS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Macedo Batitucci Ambrósio
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry, Department of Stomatology, Discipline of Periodontology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Emanuel da Silva Rovai
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry, Department of Stomatology, Discipline of Periodontology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno Nunes de França
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry, Department of Stomatology, Discipline of Periodontology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Danilo Andrés Balzarini
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry, Department of Stomatology, Discipline of Periodontology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ieda Santos Abreu
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry, Department of Stomatology, Discipline of Periodontology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sheyla Batista Bologna Lopes
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry, Department of Stomatology, Discipline of General Pathology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Thaís Borguezan Nunes
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry, Department of Stomatology, Discipline of General Pathology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Silvia Vanessa Lourenço
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry, Department of Stomatology, Discipline of General Pathology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sandra Gofinet Pasoto
- )Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciana Saraiva
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry, Department of Stomatology, Discipline of Periodontology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marinella Holzhausen
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry, Department of Stomatology, Discipline of Periodontology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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33
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Regenerating Gene Protein as a Novel Autoantigen in the Pathogenesis of Sjögren’s Syndrome. Antibodies (Basel) 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/antib4040409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Kroese FGM, Baeten D, Huizinga TWJ. Autoimmunity: break-through in the diagnosis and treatment of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Immunol Lett 2014; 162:150-62. [PMID: 25455603 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2014.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The study of fundamental mechanisms of autoimmunity has been instrumental to clinical progress in the diagnosis and treatment of a range of immune-mediated inflammatory disorders. Dutch immunology has made major contributions to these developments, ranging from fundamental studies on immune cells, antibodies and cytokines to translational and clinical studies with targeted therapies in patients. In this paper we illustrate the progress made in our understanding of autoimmunity and the translational implications for human disease management by focusing on three areas: the autoantibody response in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), T-B cell interactions in Sjögren's syndrome (SS), and cytokine targeting in spondylarthritis (SpA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Frans G M Kroese
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Dominique Baeten
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tom W J Huizinga
- Department of Rheumatology, C1-41 Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
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35
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Kroese FGM, Abdulahad WH, Haacke E, Bos NA, Vissink A, Bootsma H. B-cell hyperactivity in primary Sjögren's syndrome. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 10:483-99. [PMID: 24564507 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2014.891439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is characterized by mononuclear inflammatory infiltrates and IgG plasma cells in salivary and lacrimal glands which lead to irreversible destruction of the glandular tissue and is accompanied by sensation of dryness of mouth and eyes. B cells play a central role in the immunopathogenesis and exhibit signs of hyperactivity. Hyperactivity of B cells is the consequence of the coordinated and integrated action of stimulation of the B-cell receptor, CD40 and toll-like receptors in the presence of appropriate cytokines. As discussed, overexpression of type I IFN and BAFF on one hand and IL-6 and IL-21 on the other hand are critically involved in the enhanced plasma cell formation in pSS patients. Hyperactivity of B cells results in secretion of autoantibodies and production of various cytokines. These insights in the role of B cells in the pathogenetic process of pSS offer ample targets for successful therapeutical intervention in pSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frans G M Kroese
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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36
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Yoshimoto K, Fujimoto T, Itaya-Hironaka A, Miyaoka T, Sakuramoto-Tsuchida S, Yamauchi A, Takeda M, Kasai T, Nakagawara K, Nonomura A, Takasawa S. Involvement of autoimmunity to REG, a regeneration factor, in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome. Clin Exp Immunol 2013; 174:1-9. [PMID: 23701206 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The regenerating gene (Reg) was isolated originally as a gene specifically over-expressed in regenerating pancreatic islets and constitute a growth factor family. Reg gene product (Reg) is important in the pathophysiology of various human inflammatory diseases. Recently, the possible involvement of human REG in the regeneration of salivary ductal epithelial cells of patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) was reported. However, the expression of the REG family genes in minor salivary glands (MSG) and the occurrence of anti-REG Iα autoantibodies in SS patients were obscured. In this study, we examined the expression of REG family genes in the MSG of SS and screened anti-REG Iα autoantibodies in SS. The mRNA levels of REG family genes in MSG were quantified using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and REG Iα expression in the MSG was analysed by immunohistochemistry. The mRNA level of REG Iα in the MSG of SS patients was significantly higher than that of control. REG Iα protein was expressed highly in SS ductal epithelial cells. Anti-REG Iα autoantibodies in the sera were found in 11% of SS. All the MSG in the anti-REG Iα autoantibody-positive group showed REG Iα expression, whereas only 40% showed REG Iα expression in the anti-REG Iα autoantibody-negative group. The anti-REG Iα autoantibody-positive group showed significantly lower saliva secretion and a higher ratio of grade 4 (by Rubin-Holt) in sialography. These data suggest strongly that autoimmunity to REG Iα might play a role in the degeneration of MSG ductal epithelial cells in primary SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yoshimoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan; Department of General Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
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Moriyama M, Hayashida JN, Toyoshima T, Ohyama Y, Shinozaki S, Tanaka A, Maehara T, Nakamura S. Cytokine/chemokine profiles contribute to understanding the pathogenesis and diagnosis of primary Sjögren's syndrome. Clin Exp Immunol 2012; 169:17-26. [PMID: 22670774 PMCID: PMC3390469 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2012.04587.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the pathogenesis of localized autoimmune damage in Sjögren's syndrome (SS) by examining the expression patterns of cytokines, chemokines and chemokine receptors at sites of autoimmune damage. mRNA expression of these molecules in the labial salivary glands (LSGs) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 36 SS patients was examined using a real-time polymerase chain reaction-based method. Subsets of the infiltrating lymphocytes and chemokines/chemokine receptors expression in the LSG specimens were examined by immunohistochemistry. Cytokines/chemokine concentrations in the saliva were analysed using flow cytometry or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. mRNA expression of T helper type 1 (Th1) cytokines, chemokines and chemokine receptors was higher in LSGs than in PBMCs. In contrast, mRNA expression of Th2 cytokines, chemokines [thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC/CCL17), macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC/CCL22)] and chemokine receptor (CCR4) was associated closely with strong lymphocytic accumulation in LSGs. Furthermore, TARC and MDC were detected immunohistochemically in/around the ductal epithelial cells in LSGs, whereas CCR4 was detected on infiltrating lymphocytes. The concentrations of these cytokines/chemokines were significantly higher in the saliva from SS patients than those from controls, and the concentrations of Th2 cytokines/chemokines were associated closely with strong lymphocytic accumulation in LSGs. These results suggest that SS might be initiated and/or maintained by Th1 and Th17 cells and progress in association with Th2 cells via the interaction between particular chemokines/chemokine receptors. Furthermore, the measurement of cytokines/chemokines in saliva is suggested to be useful for diagnosis and also to reveal disease status.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Moriyama
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
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Bida AT, Gil D, Schrum AG. Multiplex IP-FCM (immunoprecipitation-flow cytometry): Principles and guidelines for assessing physiologic protein-protein interactions in multiprotein complexes. Methods 2011; 56:154-60. [PMID: 21945581 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2011.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Revised: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 09/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is significant interest in the development of methods with the potential to increase access to 'the interactome' for both experimental and clinical applications. Immunoprecipitation detected by flow cytometry (IP-FCM) is a robust, biochemical method that can be used for measuring physiologic protein-protein interactions (PPI) in multiprotein complexes (MPC) with high sensitivity. Because it is based on antibody-mediated capture of protein complexes onto microspheres, IP-FCM is potentially compatible with a multiplex platform that could allow simultaneous assessment of many physiologic PPI. Here, we consider the principles of ambient analyte conditions (AAC) and inter-bead independence, and provide a template set of experiments showing how to convert singleplex IP-FCM to multiplex IP-FCM, including assays to confirm the validity of the experimental conditions for data acquisition. We conclude that singleplex IP-FCM can be successfully upgraded to multiplex format, and propose that the unique strengths of multiplex IP-FCM make it a method that is likely to facilitate the acquisition of new PPI data from primary cell sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anya T Bida
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Rochester, MN, USA
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Hernández-Molina G, Michel-Peregrina M, Hernández-Ramírez DF, Sánchez-Guerrero J, Llorente L. Chemokine saliva levels in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome, associated Sjögren's syndrome, pre-clinical Sjögren's syndrome and systemic autoimmune diseases. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2011; 50:1288-92. [PMID: 21330342 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ker019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the saliva levels of CXCL13, CXCL10, CCL2, CCL3, CXCL12 and CCL5 in patients with primary SS (pSS), patients with associated SS (aSS), patients with systemic autoimmune disease (SAD) without SS, pre-clinical SS and healthy controls. METHODS We included 44 patients with pSS (Group A), 30 with aSS (Group B), 49 with SAD without SS (Group C), 14 patients with SAD and focal lip infiltrates, but who do not fulfil SS criteria (Group D, pre-clinical SS) and 32 healthy controls (Group E). Saliva samples were collected and analysed for chemokine levels by luminometry. We used descriptive statistics and the Mann-Whitney U-test and Kruskall-Wallis test. RESULTS All the studied chemokines were found at low concentration in controls with the exception of CCL2. Patients with pSS had higher levels CXCL10 and CCL2 than controls (P = 0.05). However, they had similar levels of CXCL13, CCL5, CXCL12, CCL2 and CXCL10 than patients with aSS and SAD without SS. Patients with pre-clinical SS had higher levels of CXCL10 than patients with pSS (P = 0.03), aSS (P = 0.04) and controls (P = 0.001). CCL2 levels were higher in all patients with an autoimmune background when compared with controls (P < 0.05 for each comparison). CONCLUSION We found no difference in salivary chemokines between patients neither with pSS or aSS nor in patients with SAD. CCL2 and CXCL10 were increased in all patients with an autoimmune background. CXCL10 was notably increased in pre-clinical SS, suggesting it could be an early inflammatory salivary biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Hernández-Molina
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
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