1
|
Ultraviolet imaging in dermatology. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 30:101743. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
2
|
Turner J, Igoe D, Parisi AV, McGonigle AJ, Amar A, Wainwright L. A review on the ability of smartphones to detect ultraviolet (UV) radiation and their potential to be used in UV research and for public education purposes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 706:135873. [PMID: 31862595 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on life on Earth have continuously been the subject of research. Over-exposure to UV radiation is harmful, but small amounts of exposure are required for good health. It is, therefore, crucial for humans to optimise their own UV exposure and not exceed UV levels that are sufficient for essential biological functions. Exceeding those levels may increase risk of developing health problems including skin cancer and cataracts. Smartphones have been previously investigated for their ability to detect UV radiation with or without additional devices that monitor personal UV exposure, in order to maintain safe exposure times by individuals. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the current state of smartphones' use in UV radiation monitoring and prediction. There are four main methods for UV radiation detection or prediction involving the use smartphones, depending on the requirements of the user: devoted software applications developed for smartphones to predict UV Index (UVI), wearable and non-wearable devices that can be used with smartphones to provide real-time UVI, and the use of smartphone image sensors to detect UV radiation. The latter method has been a growing area of research over the last decade. Built-in smartphone image sensors have been investigated for UV radiation detection and the quantification of related atmospheric factors (including aerosols, ozone, clouds and volcanic plumes). The overall practicalities, limitations and challenges are reviewed, specifically in regard to public education. The ubiquitous nature of smartphones can provide an interactive tool when considering public education on the effects and individual monitoring of UV radiation exposure, although social and geographic areas with low socio-economic factors could challenge the usefulness of smartphones. Overall, the review shows that smartphones provide multiple opportunities in different forms to educate users on personal health with respect to UV radiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Turner
- Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Australia.
| | - Damien Igoe
- Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Australia
| | - Alfio V Parisi
- Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Australia
| | - Andrew J McGonigle
- Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Australia; Department of Geography, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK; School of Geosciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Abdurazaq Amar
- Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Australia
| | - Lisa Wainwright
- Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
A Jebar MA, Parisi AV, Downs NJ, Turner JF. Validation of Ozone Monitoring Instrument UV Satellite Data Using Spectral and Broadband Surface Based Measurements at a Queensland Site. Photochem Photobiol 2017; 93:1289-1293. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mustapha A. A Jebar
- Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences; University of Southern Queensland; Toowoomba Qld Australia
| | - Alfio V. Parisi
- Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences; University of Southern Queensland; Toowoomba Qld Australia
| | - Nathan J. Downs
- Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences; University of Southern Queensland; Toowoomba Qld Australia
| | - Joanna F. Turner
- Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences; University of Southern Queensland; Toowoomba Qld Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Igoe DP, Amar A, Parisi AV, Turner J. Characterisation of a smartphone image sensor response to direct solar 305nm irradiation at high air masses. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 587-588:407-413. [PMID: 28245932 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This research reports the first time the sensitivity, properties and response of a smartphone image sensor that has been used to characterise the photobiologically important direct UVB solar irradiances at 305nm in clear sky conditions at high air masses. Solar images taken from Autumn to Spring were analysed using a custom Python script, written to develop and apply an adaptive threshold to mitigate the effects of both noise and hot-pixel aberrations in the images. The images were taken in an unobstructed area, observing from a solar zenith angle as high as 84° (air mass=9.6) to local solar maximum (up to a solar zenith angle of 23°) to fully develop the calibration model in temperatures that varied from 2°C to 24°C. The mean ozone thickness throughout all observations was 281±18 DU (to 2 standard deviations). A Langley Plot was used to confirm that there were constant atmospheric conditions throughout the observations. The quadratic calibration model developed has a strong correlation between the red colour channel from the smartphone with the Microtops measurements of the direct sun 305nm UV, with a coefficient of determination of 0.998 and very low standard errors. Validation of the model verified the robustness of the method and the model, with an average discrepancy of only 5% between smartphone derived and Microtops observed direct solar irradiances at 305nm. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of using the smartphone image sensor as a means to measure photobiologically important solar UVB radiation. The use of ubiquitous portable technologies, such as smartphones and laptop computers to perform data collection and analysis of solar UVB observations is an example of how scientific investigations can be performed by citizen science based individuals and groups, communities and schools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D P Igoe
- Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia; School of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.
| | - A Amar
- Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
| | - A V Parisi
- Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
| | - J Turner
- Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wilkes TC, McGonigle AJS, Pering TD, Taggart AJ, White BS, Bryant RG, Willmott JR. Ultraviolet Imaging with Low Cost Smartphone Sensors: Development and Application of a Raspberry Pi-Based UV Camera. SENSORS 2016; 16:s16101649. [PMID: 27782054 PMCID: PMC5087437 DOI: 10.3390/s16101649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report, for what we believe to be the first time, on the modification of a low cost sensor, designed for the smartphone camera market, to develop an ultraviolet (UV) camera system. This was achieved via adaptation of Raspberry Pi cameras, which are based on back-illuminated complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) sensors, and we demonstrated the utility of these devices for applications at wavelengths as low as 310 nm, by remotely sensing power station smokestack emissions in this spectral region. Given the very low cost of these units, ≈ USD 25, they are suitable for widespread proliferation in a variety of UV imaging applications, e.g., in atmospheric science, volcanology, forensics and surface smoothness measurements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C Wilkes
- Department of Geography, The University of Sheffield, Winter Street, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.
| | - Andrew J S McGonigle
- Department of Geography, The University of Sheffield, Winter Street, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Palermo, via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Tom D Pering
- Department of Geography, The University of Sheffield, Winter Street, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.
| | - Angus J Taggart
- Department of Geography, The University of Sheffield, Winter Street, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.
| | - Benjamin S White
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Portobello Centre, Pitt Street, Sheffield, S1 4ET, UK.
| | - Robert G Bryant
- Department of Geography, The University of Sheffield, Winter Street, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.
| | - Jon R Willmott
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Portobello Centre, Pitt Street, Sheffield, S1 4ET, UK.
| |
Collapse
|