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Whittle S, Zhang L, Rakesh D. Environmental and neurodevelopmental contributors to youth mental illness. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024:10.1038/s41386-024-01926-y. [PMID: 39030435 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-024-01926-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
While a myriad of factors likely contribute to the development of mental illness in young people, the social environment (including early adverse experiences) in concert with neurodevelopmental alterations is undeniably important. A number of influential theories make predictions about how and why neurodevelopmental alterations may mediate or moderate the effects of the social environment on the emergence of mental illness. Here, we discuss current evidence supporting each of these theories. Although this area of research is rapidly growing, the body of evidence is still relatively limited. However, there exist some consistent findings, including increased striatal reactivity during positive affective processing and larger hippocampal volumes being associated with increased vulnerability or susceptibility to the effects of social environments on internalizing symptoms. Limited longitudinal work has investigated neurodevelopmental mechanisms linking the social environment with mental health. Drawing from human research and insights from animal studies, we propose an integrated mediation-moderation model and outline future research directions to advance the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Whittle
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - Lu Zhang
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Divyangana Rakesh
- Neuroimaging Department, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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2
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Reisch AA, Bessette KL, Jenkins LM, Skerrett KA, Gabriel LB, Kling LR, Stange JP, Ryan KA, Schreiner MW, Crowell SE, Kaufman EA, Langenecker SA. Human emotion processing accuracy, negative biases, and fMRI activation are associated with childhood trauma. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1181785. [PMID: 37908596 PMCID: PMC10614639 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1181785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Emerging literature suggests that childhood trauma may influence facial emotion perception (FEP), with the potential to negatively bias both emotion perception and reactions to emotion-related inputs. Negative emotion perception biases are associated with a range of psychiatric and behavioral problems, potentially due or as a result of difficult social interactions. Unfortunately, there is a poor understanding of whether observed negative biases are related to childhood trauma history, depression history, or processes common to (and potentially causative of) both experiences. Methods The present cross-sectional study examines the relation between FEP and neural activation during FEP with retrospectively reported childhood trauma in young adult participants with remitted major depressive disorder (rMDD, n = 41) and without psychiatric histories (healthy controls [HC], n = 34). Accuracy of emotion categorization and negative bias errors during FEP and brain activation were each measured during exposure to fearful, angry, happy, sad, and neutral faces. We examined participant behavioral and neural responses in relation to total reported severity of childhood abuse and neglect (assessed with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, CTQ). Results Results corrected for multiple comparisons indicate that higher trauma scores were associated with greater likelihood of miscategorizing happy faces as angry. Activation in the right middle frontal gyrus (MFG) positively correlated with trauma scores when participants viewed faces that they correctly categorized as angry, fearful, sad, and happy. Discussion Identifying the neural mechanisms by which childhood trauma and MDD may change facial emotion perception could inform targeted prevention efforts for MDD or related interpersonal difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis A. Reisch
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Katie L. Bessette
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Huntsman Mental Health Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Lisanne M. Jenkins
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Kristy A. Skerrett
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Laura B. Gabriel
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Leah R. Kling
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jonathan P. Stange
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kelly A. Ryan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Mindy Westlund Schreiner
- Department of Psychiatry and Huntsman Mental Health Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Sheila E. Crowell
- Department of Psychiatry and Huntsman Mental Health Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Erin A. Kaufman
- Department of Psychiatry and Huntsman Mental Health Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Scott A. Langenecker
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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3
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Hu JJ, Jiang N, Chen J, Ying P, Kang M, Xu SH, Zou J, Wei H, Ling Q, Shao Y. Altered Regional Homogeneity in Patients With Congenital Blindness: A Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:925412. [PMID: 35815017 PMCID: PMC9256957 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.925412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In patients with congenital blindness (CB), the lack of any visual experience may affect brain development resulting in functional, structural, or even psychological changes. Few studies to date have addressed or focused on the synchronicity of regional brain activity in patients with CB. Our study aimed to investigate regional brain activity in patients with CB in a resting state and try to explain the possible causes and effects of any anomalies. Twenty-three CB patients and 23 healthy control (HC) volunteers agreed to undergo resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans. After the fMRI data were preprocessed, regional homogeneity (ReHo) analysis was conducted to assess the differences in brain activity synchronicity between the two groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to explore whether the brain areas with statistically significant ReHo differences have diagnostic and identification values for CB. All CB patients were also required to complete the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) to evaluate their anxiety and depression levels. The results showed that in CB patients mean ReHo values were significantly lower than in HCs in the right orbital part of the middle frontal gyrus (MFGorb), bilateral middle occipital gyrus (MOG), and the right dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus (SFGdl), but significantly higher in the left paracentral lobule (PCL), right insula and bilateral thalamus. The ReHo value of MFGorb showed a negative linear correlation with both the anxiety score and the depression score of the HADS. ROC curve analysis revealed that the mean ReHo values which differed significantly between the groups have excellent diagnostic accuracy for CB (especially in the left PCL and right SFGdl regions). Patients with CB show abnormalities of ReHo values in several specific brain regions, suggesting potential regional structural changes, functional reorganization, or even psychological effects in these patients. FMRI ReHo analysis may find use as an objective method to confirm CB for medical or legal purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiong-Jiong Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Ping Ying
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ming Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - San-Hua Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jie Zou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hong Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qian Ling
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yi Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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4
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Alternation of brain intrinsic activity in patients with hypertensive retinopathy: a resting-state fMRI study. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:21659-21670. [PMID: 34516404 PMCID: PMC8457564 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the changes of amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) in brain regions of patients with hypertensive retinopathy by using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) and change in the relationship of ALFF value with potential emotional and psychological changes. Methods: Thirty-one patients with hypertensive retinopathy (HR) (16 men and 15 women) and 31 healthy controls (HCs; 16 men and 15 women) matched for age, sex, and weight were enrolled in the research. The changes in mean ALFF values could reflect brain activity between HR patients and HCs. We used the independent samples t-test to evaluate different demographic and general information between the two groups. Two-sample t-test was used to detect differences of mean ALFF values in the brain region between the two groups using the same software. Results: The ALFF values in the brain areas of HR and HCs were different. HR patients had lower ALFF value in the left medial superior frontal gyrus and left middle frontal gyrus than the HCs. The higher ALFF values were found in the cerebellum (left inferior and right superior lobes, vermis) and left inferior temporal gyrus of the HR patients than the controls. Conclusion: Our findings showed fluctuations in ALFF values in the HR patients’ brain regions. ALFF values reflect over or reduced activity in brain regions. Abnormal ALFF values in these brain areas can predict early HR development, preventing the malignant transformation of hypertensive microangiopathy.
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Liu J, Fan Y, Ling-Li Zeng, Liu B, Ju Y, Wang M, Dong Q, Lu X, Sun J, Zhang L, Guo H, Futao Zhao, Weihui Li, Zhang L, Li Z, Liao M, Zhang Y, Hu D, Li L. The neuroprogressive nature of major depressive disorder: evidence from an intrinsic connectome analysis. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:102. [PMID: 33542206 PMCID: PMC7862649 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01227-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevailing chronic mental disorder with lifetime recurring episodes. Recurrent depression (RD) has been reported to be associated with greater severity of depression, higher relapse rate and prominent functioning impairments than first-episode depression (FED), suggesting the progressive nature of depression. However, there is still little evidence regarding brain functional connectome. In this study, 95 medication-free MDD patients (35 with FED and 60 with RD) and 111 matched healthy controls (HCs) underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning. After six months of treatment with paroxetine, 56 patients achieved clinical remission and finished their second scan. Network-based statistics analysis was used to explore the changes in functional connectivity. The results revealed that, compared with HCs, patients with FED exhibited hypoconnectivity in the somatomotor, default mode and dorsal attention networks, and RD exhibited hyperconnectivity in the somatomotor, salience, executive control, default mode and dorsal attention networks, as well as within and between salience and executive control networks. Moreover, the disrupted components in patients with current MDD did not change significantly when the patients achieved remission after treatment, and sub-hyperconnectivity and sub-hypoconnectivity were still found in those with remitted RD. Additionally, the hypoconnectivity in FED and hyperconnectivity in RD were associated with the number of episodes and total illness duration. This study provides initial evidence supporting that impairment of intrinsic functional connectivity across the course of depression is a progressive process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Liu
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.489086.bMental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Yiming Fan
- grid.412110.70000 0000 9548 2110College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Ling-Li Zeng
- grid.412110.70000 0000 9548 2110College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Bangshan Liu
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.489086.bMental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Yumeng Ju
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.489086.bMental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Mi Wang
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.489086.bMental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Qiangli Dong
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.489086.bMental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Xiaowen Lu
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.489086.bMental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Jinrong Sun
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.489086.bMental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Liang Zhang
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.489086.bMental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Hua Guo
- Zhumadian Psychiatric Hospital, Zhumadian, Henan China
| | - Futao Zhao
- Zhumadian Psychiatric Hospital, Zhumadian, Henan China
| | - Weihui Li
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.489086.bMental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Li Zhang
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.489086.bMental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Zexuan Li
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.489086.bMental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Mei Liao
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.489086.bMental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Yan Zhang
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.489086.bMental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Dewen Hu
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Lingjiang Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Bessette KL, Karstens AJ, Crane NA, Peters AT, Stange JP, Elverman KH, Morimoto SS, Weisenbach SL, Langenecker SA. A Lifespan Model of Interference Resolution and Inhibitory Control: Risk for Depression and Changes with Illness Progression. Neuropsychol Rev 2020; 30:477-498. [PMID: 31942706 PMCID: PMC7363517 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-019-09424-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The cognitive processes involved in inhibitory control accuracy (IC) and interference resolution speed (IR) or broadly - inhibition - are discussed in this review, and both are described within the context of a lifespan model of mood disorders. Inhibitory control (IC) is a binary outcome (success or no for response selection and inhibition of unwanted responses) for any given event that is influenced to an extent by IR. IR refers to the process of inhibition, which can be manipulated by task design in earlier and later stages through use of distractors and timing, and manipulation of individual differences in response proclivity. We describe the development of these two processes across the lifespan, noting factors that influence this development (e.g., environment, adversity and stress) as well as inherent difficulties in assessing IC/IR prior to adulthood (e.g., cross-informant reports). We use mood disorders as an illustrative example of how this multidimensional construct can be informative to state, trait, vulnerability and neuroprogression of disease. We present aggregated data across numerous studies and methodologies to examine the lifelong development and degradation of this subconstruct of executive function, particularly in mood disorders. We highlight the challenges in identifying and measuring IC/IR in late life, including specificity to complex, comorbid disease processes. Finally, we discuss some potential avenues for treatment and accommodation of these difficulties across the lifespan, including newer treatments using cognitive remediation training and neuromodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie L Bessette
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, 501 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA
| | - Aimee J Karstens
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Natania A Crane
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Amy T Peters
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jonathan P Stange
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kathleen H Elverman
- Neuropsychology Center, Aurora St. Luke's Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Sarah Shizuko Morimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, 501 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA
| | - Sara L Weisenbach
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, 501 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA
- Mental Health Services, VA Salt Lake City, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Scott A Langenecker
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, 501 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA.
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7
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Zhang YQ, Zhu FY, Tang LY, Li B, Zhu PW, Shi WQ, Lin Q, Min YL, Shao Y, Zhou Q. Altered regional homogeneity in patients with diabetic vitreous hemorrhage. World J Diabetes 2020; 11:501-513. [PMID: 33269062 PMCID: PMC7672795 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v11.i11.501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic vitreous hemorrhage (DVH) is a common complication of diabetes. While the diagnostic methods nowadays only concentrate on the eye injury in DVH patients, whether DVH leads to abnormalities of other visual systems, including the eye, the visual cortex, and other brain regions, remains unknown.
AIM To explore the potential changes of brain activity in DVH using regional homogeneity (ReHo) and their relationships with clinical features.
METHODS Thirty-one DVH patients and 31 matched healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. All subjects were examined by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. The neural homogeneity in the brain region was estimated by ReHo method. Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationships between average ReHo values and clinical manifestations in DVH patients.
RESULTS Compared with HCs, the ReHo values in the bilateral cerebellar posterior lobes, right superior (RS)/middle occipital gyrus (MOG), and bilateral superior frontal gyrus were significantly increased. In contrast, in the right insula, bilateral medial frontal gyri, and right middle frontal gyrus, the ReHo values were significantly decreased. Furthermore, we found that best-corrected visual acuity of the contralateral eye in patients with DVH presented a positive correlation with the mean ReHo value of the RS/MOG. We also found that depression score of the DVH group presented a negative correlation with the mean ReHo values of the right insula, bilateral medial frontal gyrus, and right middle frontal gyrus.
CONCLUSION We found that DVH may cause dysfunction in multiple brain areas, which may benefit the exploration of pathologic mechanisms in DVH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qing Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Province Ocular Disease Clinical Research Center, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Fei-Yin Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Province Ocular Disease Clinical Research Center, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Li-Ying Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Province Ocular Disease Clinical Research Center, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen 361102, Fujian Province, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian Province, China
| | - Biao Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Province Ocular Disease Clinical Research Center, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Pei-Wen Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Province Ocular Disease Clinical Research Center, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Wen-Qing Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Province Ocular Disease Clinical Research Center, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Qi Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Province Ocular Disease Clinical Research Center, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - You-Lan Min
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Province Ocular Disease Clinical Research Center, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yi Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Province Ocular Disease Clinical Research Center, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Qiong Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Province Ocular Disease Clinical Research Center, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
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8
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The Mediating Effects of Coping Style on the Effects of Breath Count Mindfulness Training on Depressive Symptoms among International Students in China. Neural Plast 2020; 2020:8859251. [PMID: 32908488 PMCID: PMC7474765 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8859251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mindfulness training has gained popularity in the scientific field and has been proposed as an efficient way for emotional regulation. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) is designed especially for depressive people in reducing risk of depression relapse and is recommended in national guidelines as a treatment choice for relapse prevention in recurrent depression. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of mindfulness training on depressive symptoms of international students and probe into the mediating role of mindfulness in stressful events and depression. In addition, we introduced a new kind of mindfulness training, the breathing exercise-based mindfulness training, which is based on the integration of Buddhism and Daoism. Self-report questionnaires assessing the coping style, abnormal depressive behavior, and stressful live events were completed in 260 international students in China (mean age = 21.4 years). The results showed that (1) many international students showed depression symptoms, (2) stressful life events play a completely mediating role in the initiation of depression and anxiety, and (3) mindfulness training for 8 weeks significantly reduced the depressive symptoms, and it was also related to a positive coping style. This study has certain theoretical significance in exploring the mechanism of the occurrence and development of depression among international students and provides useful tools for this special group of international students. In addition, the international students can also learn Chinese culture through the training. These findings indicate that mindfulness training and positive coping style are interrelated with treating depressive symptoms for international students.
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Quinn ME, Stanton CH, Slavich GM, Joormann J. Executive Control, Cytokine Reactivity to Social Stress, and Depressive Symptoms: Testing the Social Signal Transduction Theory of Depression. Stress 2020; 23:60-68. [PMID: 31364435 PMCID: PMC6942617 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2019.1641079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Social Signal Transduction Theory of Depression hypothesizes that social stress upregulates inflammatory activity, which in turn contributes to depression for some individuals. However, the specific cognitive processes underlying social stress-induced increases in inflammatory activity remain unclear. We addressed this issue by examining two separate relations: (1) between executive control measured following a laboratory-based social stress induction and individuals' pro-inflammatory cytokine responses to the same stress induction and (2) between pro-inflammatory cytokine responses and participants' depressive symptom levels. Healthy young participants (Mage = 18.58 years old) were randomly assigned to either a stress condition or control condition. Executive control, and the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α, were measured before and after the social stress induction or control task. Regression analyses (stress condition, n = 20; control condition, n = 16) demonstrated that in the stress condition only, greater increases in interleukin-6 were associated with more depressive symptoms. Additional analyses in the stress condition (n = 16) indicated that greater impairment in executive control following the social stress induction was related to greater social stress-induced increases in interleukin-6. These findings are consistent with Social Signal Transduction Theory of Depression and with the hypothesis that impairment in executive control during times of stress may be one process that contributes to stress-induced inflammatory activity, which may in turn increase risk for depression.Lay SummarySocial Signal Transduction Theory of Depression hypothesizes that social stress upregulates inflammatory activity, which in turn contributes to depression, and that cognitive processes play a role in structuring these effects. Consistent with this theory, greater social stress-induced increases in the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 were associated with more depressive symptoms. In addition, greater impairment in executive control following the social stress induction was related to greater social stress-induced increases in interleukin-6, highlighting potential links between social stress, cognition, inflammation, and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan E Quinn
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University
| | | | - George M Slavich
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles
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Jiao K, Xu H, Teng C, Song X, Xiao C, Fox PT, Zhang N, Wang C, Zhong Y. Connectivity patterns of cognitive control network in first episode medication-naive depression and remitted depression. Behav Brain Res 2019; 379:112381. [PMID: 31770543 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive dysfunctions, such as impaired cognitive control, are frequently observed in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Although the cognitive control network (CCN) is widely considered a core feature of major depressive disorder (MDD), the relationship between cognitive dysfunction and symptom dimensions remains unclear. This study investigated differences in resting-state functional connectivity of the cognitive control network (CCN) between first-episode medication-naive MDD patients and remitted MDD. METHODS We collected resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) data from 22 first-episode medication-naive major depressive disorder (fMDD) patients, 20 patients previously diagnosed with MDD in the remitted phase of depression (rMDD), and 20 healthy controls (HC). The CCN was derived from fMRI images using independent component analysis (ICA), a data-driven image analysis method. RESULTS Changes in functional connectivity (FC) within the CCN was mainly attenuated in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the left inferior parietal lobule, while strengthened in the right dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and the right insula in both fMDD and rMDD groups. Compared with the fMDD group, the rMDD group had decreased FC in the bilateral insula and the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Further analysis explored that the FC in the bilateral insula, the right dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and the right inferior parietal lobule were correlated positively cognitive disturbance factor scores in both patients groups. CONCLUSIONS These findings are in agreement with the previous findings that the cognitive control network are impaired in MDD. Furthermore, our results suggest that the alteration of CCN might underpin the cognitive disturbance and the distinct patterns of the CCN between fMDD and rMDD patients may be an important target for effective cognitive remediation in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Jiao
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huazhen Xu
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Changjun Teng
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiu Song
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chaoyong Xiao
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peter T Fox
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; South Texas Veterans Healthcare System, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, United States; Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, United States
| | - Ning Zhang
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chun Wang
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yuan Zhong
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.
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