1
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Chen J, Peng G, Sun B. Alzheimer's disease and sleep disorders: A bidirectional relationship. Neuroscience 2024; 557:12-23. [PMID: 39137870 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent dementia, pathologically featuring abnormal accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau, while sleep, divided into rapid eye movement sleep (REM) and nonrapid eye movement sleep (NREM), plays a key role in consolidating social and spatial memory. Emerging evidence has revealed that sleep disorders such as circadian disturbances and disruption of neuronal rhythm activity are considered as both candidate risks and consequence of AD, suggesting a bidirectional relationship between sleep and AD. This review will firstly grasp basic knowledge of AD pathogenesis, then highlight macrostructural and microstructural alteration of sleep along with AD progression, explain the interaction between accumulation of Aβ and hyperphosphorylated tau, which are two critical neuropathological processes of AD, as well as neuroinflammation and sleep, and finally introduce several methods of sleep enhancement as strategies to reduce AD-associated neuropathology. Although theories about the bidirectional relationship and relevant therapeutic methods in mice have been well developed in recent years, the knowledge in human is still limited. More studies on how to effectively ameliorate AD pathology in patients by sleep enhancement and what specific roles of sleep play in AD are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Chen
- Chu Kochen Honors College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
| | - Guoping Peng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China.
| | - Binggui Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology of the Children's Hospital and School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058, China; NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058, China.
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2
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Ghibaudo V, Juventin M, Buonviso N, Peter-Derex L. The timing of sleep spindles is modulated by the respiratory cycle in humans. Clin Neurophysiol 2024; 166:252-261. [PMID: 39030100 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2024.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Coupling of sleep spindles with cortical slow waves and hippocampus sharp-waves ripples is crucial for sleep-related memory consolidation. Recent literature evidenced that nasal respiration modulates neural activity in large-scale brain networks. In rodents, this respiratory drive strongly varies according to vigilance states. Whether sleep oscillations are also respiration-modulated in humans remains open. In this work, we investigated the influence of breathing on sleep spindles during non-rapid-eye-movement sleep in humans. METHODS Full night polysomnography of twenty healthy participants were analysed. Spindles and slow waves were automatically detected during N2 and N3 stages. Spindle-related sigma power as well as spindle and slow wave events were analysed according to the respiratory phase. RESULTS We found a significant coupling between both slow and fast spindles and the respiration cycle, with enhanced sigma activity and occurrence probability of spindles during the middle part of the expiration phase. A different coupling was observed for slow waves negative peaks which were rather distributed around the two respiration phase transitions. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that breathing cycle influences the dynamics of brain activity during non-rapid-eye-movement sleep. SIGNIFICANCE This coupling may enable sleep spindles to synchronize with other sleep oscillations and facilitate information transfer between distributed brain networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Ghibaudo
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Centre, INSERM U 1028/CNRS UMR5292, Bron, France
| | - Maxime Juventin
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Centre, INSERM U 1028/CNRS UMR5292, Bron, France
| | - Nathalie Buonviso
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Centre, INSERM U 1028/CNRS UMR5292, Bron, France
| | - Laure Peter-Derex
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Centre, INSERM U 1028/CNRS UMR5292, Bron, France; Centre for Sleep Medicine and Respiratory Diseases, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France.
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3
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Shahsavar P, Ghazvineh S, Raoufy MR. From nasal respiration to brain dynamic. Rev Neurosci 2024; 35:639-650. [PMID: 38579456 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2023-0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
While breathing is a vital, involuntary physiological function, the mode of respiration, particularly nasal breathing, exerts a profound influence on brain activity and cognitive processes. This review synthesizes existing research on the interactions between nasal respiration and the entrainment of oscillations across brain regions involved in cognition. The rhythmic activation of olfactory sensory neurons during nasal respiration is linked to oscillations in widespread brain regions, including the prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and parietal cortex, as well as the piriform cortex. The phase-locking of neural oscillations to the respiratory cycle, through nasal breathing, enhances brain inter-regional communication and is associated with cognitive abilities like memory. Understanding the nasal breathing impact on brain networks offers opportunities to explore novel methods for targeting the olfactory pathway as a means to enhance emotional and cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payam Shahsavar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, 41616 Tarbiat Modares University , Jalal AleAhmad, Nasr, P.O. Box: 14115-111, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Ghazvineh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, 41616 Tarbiat Modares University , Jalal AleAhmad, Nasr, P.O. Box: 14115-111, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Raoufy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, 41616 Tarbiat Modares University , Jalal AleAhmad, Nasr, P.O. Box: 14115-111, Tehran, Iran
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, 41616 Institute for Brain Sciences and Cognition, Tarbiat Modares University , Jalal AleAhmad, Nasr, P.O. Box: 14115-111, Tehran, Iran
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4
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Schreiner T, Petzka M, Staudigl T, Staresina BP. Respiration modulates sleep oscillations and memory reactivation in humans. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8351. [PMID: 38110418 PMCID: PMC10728072 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43450-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The beneficial effect of sleep on memory consolidation relies on the precise interplay of slow oscillations and spindles. However, whether these rhythms are orchestrated by an underlying pacemaker has remained elusive. Here, we tested the relationship between respiration, which has been shown to impact brain rhythms and cognition during wake, sleep-related oscillations and memory reactivation in humans. We re-analysed an existing dataset, where scalp electroencephalography and respiration were recorded throughout an experiment in which participants (N = 20) acquired associative memories before taking a nap. Our results reveal that respiration modulates the emergence of sleep oscillations. Specifically, slow oscillations, spindles as well as their interplay (i.e., slow-oscillation_spindle complexes) systematically increase towards inhalation peaks. Moreover, the strength of respiration - slow-oscillation_spindle coupling is linked to the extent of memory reactivation (i.e., classifier evidence in favour of the previously learned stimulus category) during slow-oscillation_spindles. Our results identify a clear association between respiration and memory consolidation in humans and highlight the role of brain-body interactions during sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schreiner
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany.
| | - Marit Petzka
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Psychology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Staudigl
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Bernhard P Staresina
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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5
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Väyrynen T, Helakari H, Korhonen V, Tuunanen J, Huotari N, Piispala J, Kallio M, Raitamaa L, Kananen J, Järvelä M, Matias Palva J, Kiviniemi V. Infra-slow fluctuations in cortical potentials and respiration drive fast cortical EEG rhythms in sleeping and waking states. Clin Neurophysiol 2023; 156:207-219. [PMID: 37972532 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2023.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Infra-slow fluctuations (ISF, 0.008-0.1 Hz) characterize hemodynamic and electric potential signals of human brain. ISFs correlate with the amplitude dynamics of fast (>1 Hz) neuronal oscillations, and may arise from permeability fluctuations of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). It is unclear if physiological rhythms like respiration drive or track fast cortical oscillations, and the role of sleep in this coupling is unknown. METHODS We used high-density full-band electroencephalography (EEG) in healthy human volunteers (N = 21) to measure concurrently the ISFs, respiratory pulsations, and fast neuronal oscillations during periods of wakefulness and sleep, and to assess the strength and direction of their phase-amplitude coupling. RESULTS The phases of ISFs and respiration were both coupled with the amplitude of fast neuronal oscillations, with stronger ISF coupling being evident during sleep. Phases of ISF and respiration drove the amplitude dynamics of fast oscillations in sleeping and waking states, with different contributions. CONCLUSIONS ISFs in slow cortical potentials and respiration together significantly determine the dynamics of fast cortical oscillations. SIGNIFICANCE We propose that these slow physiological phases play a significant role in coordinating cortical excitability, which is a fundamental aspect of brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommi Väyrynen
- Oulu Functional NeuroImaging (OFNI), Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu 90029, Finland; MIPT group to: Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology (HST), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland; Medical Research Center (MRC), Oulu 90220, Finland.
| | - Heta Helakari
- Oulu Functional NeuroImaging (OFNI), Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu 90029, Finland; MIPT group to: Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology (HST), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland; Medical Research Center (MRC), Oulu 90220, Finland
| | - Vesa Korhonen
- Oulu Functional NeuroImaging (OFNI), Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu 90029, Finland; MIPT group to: Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology (HST), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland; Medical Research Center (MRC), Oulu 90220, Finland
| | - Johanna Tuunanen
- Oulu Functional NeuroImaging (OFNI), Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu 90029, Finland; MIPT group to: Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology (HST), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland; Medical Research Center (MRC), Oulu 90220, Finland
| | - Niko Huotari
- Oulu Functional NeuroImaging (OFNI), Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu 90029, Finland; MIPT group to: Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology (HST), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland; Medical Research Center (MRC), Oulu 90220, Finland
| | - Johanna Piispala
- MIPT group to: Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology (HST), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland; Medical Research Center (MRC), Oulu 90220, Finland; Clinical Neurophysiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu 90220, Finland
| | - Mika Kallio
- MIPT group to: Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology (HST), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland; Medical Research Center (MRC), Oulu 90220, Finland; Clinical Neurophysiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu 90220, Finland
| | - Lauri Raitamaa
- Oulu Functional NeuroImaging (OFNI), Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu 90029, Finland; MIPT group to: Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology (HST), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland; Medical Research Center (MRC), Oulu 90220, Finland
| | - Janne Kananen
- Oulu Functional NeuroImaging (OFNI), Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu 90029, Finland; MIPT group to: Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology (HST), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland; Medical Research Center (MRC), Oulu 90220, Finland; Clinical Neurophysiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu 90220, Finland
| | - Matti Järvelä
- Oulu Functional NeuroImaging (OFNI), Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu 90029, Finland; MIPT group to: Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology (HST), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland; Medical Research Center (MRC), Oulu 90220, Finland
| | - J Matias Palva
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland; Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Finland; Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Vesa Kiviniemi
- Oulu Functional NeuroImaging (OFNI), Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu 90029, Finland; MIPT group to: Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology (HST), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland; Medical Research Center (MRC), Oulu 90220, Finland; Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland
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6
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Nokia MS, Waselius T, Penttonen M. CA3-CA1 long-term potentiation occurs regardless of respiration and cardiac cycle phases in urethane-anesthetized rats. Hippocampus 2023; 33:1228-1232. [PMID: 37221699 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Breathing and heartbeat synchronize to each other and to brain function and affect cognition in humans. However, it is not clear how cardiorespiratory rhythms modulate such basic processes as synaptic plasticity thought to underlie learning. Thus, we studied if respiration and cardiac cycle phases at burst stimulation onset affect hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) in the CA3-CA1 synapse in urethane-anesthetized adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. In a between-subjects design, we timed burst stimulation of the ventral hippocampal commissure (vHC) to systole or diastole either during expiration or inspiration and recorded responses throughout the hippocampus with a linear probe. As classical conditioning in humans seems to be most efficient at expiration-diastole, we also expected LTP to be most efficient if burst stimulation was targeted to expiration-diastole. However, LTP was induced equally in all four groups and respiration and cardiac cycle phase did not modulate CA1 responses to vHC stimulation overall. This could be perhaps because we bypassed all natural routes of external influences on the CA1 by directly stimulating the vHC. In the future, the effect of cardiorespiratory rhythms on synaptic plasticity could also be studied in awake state and in other parts of the hippocampal tri-synaptic loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam S Nokia
- Department of Psychology and Centre for Interdisciplinary Brain Research, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Tomi Waselius
- Department of Psychology and Centre for Interdisciplinary Brain Research, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Markku Penttonen
- Department of Psychology and Centre for Interdisciplinary Brain Research, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyväskylä, Finland
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7
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Modi B, Guardamagna M, Stella F, Griguoli M, Cherubini E, Battaglia FP. State-dependent coupling of hippocampal oscillations. eLife 2023; 12:e80263. [PMID: 37462671 PMCID: PMC10411970 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Oscillations occurring simultaneously in a given area represent a physiological unit of brain states. They allow for temporal segmentation of spikes and support distinct behaviors. To establish how multiple oscillatory components co-vary simultaneously and influence neuronal firing during sleep and wakefulness in mice, we describe a multivariate analytical framework for constructing the state space of hippocampal oscillations. Examining the co-occurrence patterns of oscillations on the state space, across species, uncovered the presence of network constraints and distinct set of cross-frequency interactions during wakefulness compared to sleep. We demonstrated how the state space can be used as a canvas to map the neural firing and found that distinct neurons during navigation were tuned to different sets of simultaneously occurring oscillations during sleep. This multivariate analytical framework provides a window to move beyond classical bivariate pipelines for investigating oscillations and neuronal firing, thereby allowing to factor-in the complexity of oscillation-population interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matteo Guardamagna
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud UniversityNijmegenNetherlands
| | - Federico Stella
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud UniversityNijmegenNetherlands
| | - Marilena Griguoli
- European Brain Research InstituteRomeItaly
- CNR, Institute of Molecular Biology and PathologyRomeItaly
| | | | - Francesco P Battaglia
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud UniversityNijmegenNetherlands
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8
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Balconi M, Angioletti L. Dyadic inter-brain EEG coherence induced by interoceptive hyperscanning. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4344. [PMID: 36927763 PMCID: PMC10020471 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31494-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous single-brain studies suggested interoception plays a role in interpersonal synchronization. The aim of the present study was to assess the electrophysiological intersubject coherence through electrophysiological (EEG) hyperscanning recording during simple dyadic synchronization tasks when the participants focused on their breath. To this aim, the neural activity of 15 dyads of participants was collected during the execution of a cognitive and motor synchronization task in two distinct IA conditions: focus and no focus on the breath condition. Individuals' EEG frequency bands were recorded through EEG hyperscanning and coherence analysis was performed. Results showed greater EEG coherence was observed for the alpha band in frontopolar brain regions (Fp1, Fp2) and also in central brain regions (C3, C4) within the dyads, during the focus on the breath condition for the motor compared to the cognitive synchronization task; during the same experimental condition, delta and theta band showed augmented inter-individual coherence in the frontal region (Fz) and central areas (C3, C4). To conclude, the current hyperscanning study highlights how the manipulation of the interoceptive focus (obtained through the focus on the breath) strengthens the manifestation of the EEG markers of interpersonal tuning during a motor synchronization task in specific brain areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Balconi
- International Research Center for Cognitive Applied Neuroscience (IrcCAN), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
- Research Unit in Affective and Social Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Gemelli, 1, 20123, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Angioletti
- International Research Center for Cognitive Applied Neuroscience (IrcCAN), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy.
- Research Unit in Affective and Social Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Gemelli, 1, 20123, Milan, Italy.
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9
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Jung F, Yanovsky Y, Brankačk J, Tort ABL, Draguhn A. Respiratory entrainment of units in the mouse parietal cortex depends on vigilance state. Pflugers Arch 2023; 475:65-76. [PMID: 35982341 PMCID: PMC9816213 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-022-02727-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Synchronous oscillations are essential for coordinated activity in neuronal networks and, hence, for behavior and cognition. While most network oscillations are generated within the central nervous system, recent evidence shows that rhythmic body processes strongly influence activity patterns throughout the brain. A major factor is respiration (Resp), which entrains multiple brain regions at the mesoscopic (local field potential) and single-cell levels. However, it is largely unknown how such Resp-driven rhythms interact or compete with internal brain oscillations, especially those with similar frequency domains. In mice, Resp and theta (θ) oscillations have overlapping frequencies and co-occur in various brain regions. Here, we investigated the effects of Resp and θ on neuronal discharges in the mouse parietal cortex during four behavioral states which either show prominent θ (REM sleep and active waking (AW)) or lack significant θ (NREM sleep and waking immobility (WI)). We report a pronounced state-dependence of spike modulation by both rhythms. During REM sleep, θ effects on unit discharges dominate, while during AW, Resp has a larger influence, despite the concomitant presence of θ oscillations. In most states, unit modulation by θ or Resp increases with mean firing rate. The preferred timing of Resp-entrained discharges (inspiration versus expiration) varies between states, indicating state-specific and different underlying mechanisms. Our findings show that neurons in an associative cortex area are differentially and state-dependently modulated by two fundamentally different processes: brain-endogenous θ oscillations and rhythmic somatic feedback signals from Resp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Jung
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yevgenij Yanovsky
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jurij Brankačk
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adriano B L Tort
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, RN 59078-900, Brazil
| | - Andreas Draguhn
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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10
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Folschweiller S, Sauer JF. Controlling neuronal assemblies: a fundamental function of respiration-related brain oscillations in neuronal networks. Pflugers Arch 2023; 475:13-21. [PMID: 35637391 PMCID: PMC9816207 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-022-02708-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Respiration exerts profound influence on cognition, which is presumed to rely on the generation of local respiration-coherent brain oscillations and the entrainment of cortical neurons. Here, we propose an addition to that view by emphasizing the role of respiration in pacing cortical assemblies (i.e., groups of synchronized, coactive neurons). We review recent findings of how respiration directly entrains identified assembly patterns and discuss how respiration-dependent pacing of assembly activations might be beneficial for cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shani Folschweiller
- Institute for Physiology I, Medical Faculty, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 7, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Schaenzlestrasse 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jonas-Frederic Sauer
- Institute for Physiology I, Medical Faculty, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 7, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
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11
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Draguhn A, Sauer JF. Body and mind: how somatic feedback signals shape brain activity and cognition. Pflugers Arch 2023; 475:1-4. [PMID: 36503978 PMCID: PMC9816226 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-022-02778-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Draguhn
- Institut für Physiologie und Pathophysiologie, Medizinische Fakultät der Universität Heidelberg, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Jonas F Sauer
- Physiologisches Institut I, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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12
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Respiratory influence on brain dynamics: the preponderant role of the nasal pathway and deep slow regime. Pflugers Arch 2023; 475:23-35. [PMID: 35768698 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-022-02722-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
As a possible body signal influencing brain dynamics, respiration is fundamental for perception, cognition, and emotion. The olfactory system has recently acquired its credentials by proving to be crucial in the transmission of respiratory influence on the brain via the sensitivity to nasal airflow of its receptor cells. Here, we present recent findings evidencing respiration-related activities in the brain. Then, we review the data explaining the fact that breathing is (i) nasal and (ii) being slow and deep is crucial in its ability to stimulate the olfactory system and consequently influence the brain. In conclusion, we propose a possible scenario explaining how this optimal respiratory regime can promote changes in brain dynamics of an olfacto-limbic-respiratory circuit, providing a possibility to induce calm and relaxation by coordinating breathing regime and brain state.
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13
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Candia-Rivera D, Sappia MS, Horschig JM, Colier WNJM, Valenza G. Confounding effects of heart rate, breathing rate, and frontal fNIRS on interoception. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20701. [PMID: 36450811 PMCID: PMC9712694 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25119-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have established that cardiac and respiratory phases can modulate perception and related neural dynamics. While heart rate and respiratory sinus arrhythmia possibly affect interoception biomarkers, such as heartbeat-evoked potentials, the relative changes in heart rate and cardiorespiratory dynamics in interoceptive processes have not yet been investigated. In this study, we investigated the variation in heart and breathing rates, as well as higher functional dynamics including cardiorespiratory correlation and frontal hemodynamics measured with fNIRS, during a heartbeat counting task. To further investigate the functional physiology linked to changes in vagal activity caused by specific breathing rates, we performed the heartbeat counting task together with a controlled breathing rate task. The results demonstrate that focusing on heartbeats decreases breathing and heart rates in comparison, which may be part of the physiological mechanisms related to "listening" to the heart, the focus of attention, and self-awareness. Focusing on heartbeats was also observed to increase frontal connectivity, supporting the role of frontal structures in the neural monitoring of visceral inputs. However, cardiorespiratory correlation is affected by both heartbeats counting and controlled breathing tasks. Based on these results, we concluded that variations in heart and breathing rates are confounding factors in the assessment of interoceptive abilities and relative fluctuations in breathing and heart rates should be considered to be a mode of covariate measurement of interoceptive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Candia-Rivera
- Bioengineering and Robotics Research Center E. Piaggio & Department of Information Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122, Pisa, Italy.
| | - M Sofía Sappia
- Artinis Medical Systems, B.V., Einsteinweg 17, 6662 PW, Elst, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Cognition, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 EN, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jörn M Horschig
- Artinis Medical Systems, B.V., Einsteinweg 17, 6662 PW, Elst, The Netherlands
| | - Willy N J M Colier
- Artinis Medical Systems, B.V., Einsteinweg 17, 6662 PW, Elst, The Netherlands
| | - Gaetano Valenza
- Bioengineering and Robotics Research Center E. Piaggio & Department of Information Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122, Pisa, Italy
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14
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Hammer M, Jung F, Brankačk J, Yanovsky Y, Tort ABL, Draguhn A. Respiration and rapid eye movement (
REM)
sleep substructure: short versus long episodes. J Sleep Res 2022; 32:e13777. [PMID: 36398708 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in rodents is defined by the presence of theta rhythm in the absence of movement. The amplitude and frequency of theta oscillations have been used to distinguish between tonic and phasic REM sleep. However, tonic REM sleep has not been further subdivided, although characteristics of network oscillations such as cross-frequency coupling between theta and gamma vary within this sub-state. Recently, it has been shown that theta-gamma coupling depends on an optimal breathing rate of ~5 Hz. The frequency of breathing varies strongly throughout REM sleep, and the duration of single REM sleep episodes ranges from several seconds to minutes, whereby short episodes predominate. Here we studied the relation between breathing frequency, accelerometer activity, and the length of REM sleep periods. We found that small movements detected with three-dimensional accelerometry positively correlate with breathing rate. Interestingly, breathing is slow in short REM sleep episodes, while faster respiration regimes exclusively occur after a certain delay in longer REM sleep episodes. Thus, merging REM sleep episodes of different lengths will result in a predominance of slow respiration due to the higher occurrence of short REM sleep periods. Moreover, our results reveal that not only do phasic REM sleep epochs predominantly occur during long REM sleep episodes, but that the long episodes also have faster theta and higher gamma activity. These observations suggest that REM sleep can be further divided from a physiological point of view depending on its duration. Higher levels of arousal during REM sleep, indicated by higher breathing rates, can only be captured in long REM sleep episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Hammer
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Felix Jung
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
- Department of Neuroscience Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden
| | - Jurij Brankačk
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Yevgenij Yanovsky
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Adriano B. L. Tort
- Brain Institute Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte Natal Rio Grande do Norte Brazil
| | - Andreas Draguhn
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
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15
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Huff A, Karlen-Amarante M, Pitts T, Ramirez JM. Optogenetic stimulation of pre-Bötzinger complex reveals novel circuit interactions in swallowing-breathing coordination. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2121095119. [PMID: 35858334 PMCID: PMC9304034 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2121095119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The coordination of swallowing with breathing, in particular inspiration, is essential for homeostasis in most organisms. While much has been learned about the neuronal network critical for inspiration in mammals, the pre-Bötzinger complex (preBötC), little is known about how this network interacts with swallowing. Here we activate within the preBötC excitatory neurons (defined as Vglut2 and Sst neurons) and inhibitory neurons (defined as Vgat neurons) and inhibit and activate neurons defined by the transcription factor Dbx1 to gain an understanding of the coordination between the preBötC and swallow behavior. We found that stimulating inhibitory preBötC neurons did not mimic the premature shutdown of inspiratory activity caused by water swallows, suggesting that swallow-induced suppression of inspiratory activity is not directly mediated by the inhibitory neurons in the preBötC. By contrast, stimulation of preBötC Dbx1 neurons delayed laryngeal closure of the swallow sequence. Inhibition of Dbx1 neurons increased laryngeal closure duration and stimulation of Sst neurons pushed swallow occurrence to later in the respiratory cycle, suggesting that excitatory neurons from the preBötC connect to the laryngeal motoneurons and contribute to the timing of swallowing. Interestingly, the delayed swallow sequence was also caused by chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), a model for sleep apnea, which is 1) known to destabilize inspiratory activity and 2) associated with dysphagia. This delay was not present when inhibiting Dbx1 neurons. We propose that a stable preBötC is essential for normal swallow pattern generation and disruption may contribute to the dysphagia seen in obstructive sleep apnea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Huff
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101
| | - Marlusa Karlen-Amarante
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101
| | - Teresa Pitts
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Jan Marino Ramirez
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98108
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16
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Ghosh M, Yang FC, Rice SP, Hetrick V, Gonzalez AL, Siu D, Brennan EKW, John TT, Ahrens AM, Ahmed OJ. Running speed and REM sleep control two distinct modes of rapid interhemispheric communication. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111028. [PMID: 35793619 PMCID: PMC9291430 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhythmic gamma-band communication within and across cortical hemispheres is critical for optimal perception, navigation, and memory. Here, using multisite recordings in both rats and mice, we show that even faster ~140 Hz rhythms are robustly anti-phase across cortical hemispheres, visually resembling splines, the interlocking teeth on mechanical gears. Splines are strongest in superficial granular retrosplenial cortex, a region important for spatial navigation and memory. Spline-frequency interhemispheric communication becomes more coherent and more precisely anti-phase at faster running speeds. Anti-phase splines also demarcate high-activity frames during REM sleep. While splines and associated neuronal spiking are anti-phase across retrosplenial hemispheres during navigation and REM sleep, gamma-rhythmic interhemispheric communication is precisely in-phase. Gamma and splines occur at distinct points of a theta cycle and thus highlight the ability of interhemispheric cortical communication to rapidly switch between in-phase (gamma) and anti-phase (spline) modes within individual theta cycles during both navigation and REM sleep. Gamma-rhythmic communication within and across cortical hemispheres is critical for optimal perception, navigation, and memory. Here, Ghosh et al. identify even faster ~140 Hz rhythms, named splines, that reflect anti-phase neuronal synchrony across hemispheres. The balance of anti-phase spline and in-phase gamma communication is dynamically controlled by behavior and sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Ghosh
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Fang-Chi Yang
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sharena P Rice
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Vaughn Hetrick
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Alcides Lorenzo Gonzalez
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Danny Siu
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ellen K W Brennan
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Tibin T John
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Allison M Ahrens
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Omar J Ahmed
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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17
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Jung F, Witte V, Yanovsky Y, Klumpp M, Brankack J, Tort ABL, Dr Draguhn A. Differential modulation of parietal cortex activity by respiration and θ-oscillations. J Neurophysiol 2022; 127:801-817. [PMID: 35171722 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00376.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The simultaneous, local integration of information from widespread brain regions is an essential feature of cortical computation and particularly relevant for multimodal association areas such as the posterior parietal cortex. Slow, rhythmic fluctuations in the local field potentials (LFP) are assumed to constitute a global signal aiding interregional communication through the long-range synchronization of neuronal activity. Recent work demonstrated the brain-wide presence of a novel class of slow neuronal oscillations which are entrained by nasal respiration. However, whether there are differences in the influence of the respiration-entrained rhythm (RR) and the endogenous theta (θ) rhythm over local networks is unknown. In this work, we aimed at characterizing the impact of both classes of oscillations on neuronal activity in the posterior parietal cortex of mice. We focused our investigations on a θ-dominated state (REM sleep) and an RR-dominated state (wake immobility). Using linear silicon probes implanted along the dorsoventral cortical axis, we found that the LFP-depth distributions of both rhythms show differences in amplitude and coherence but no phase shift. Using tetrode recordings, we demonstrate that a substantial fraction of parietal neurons is modulated by either RR or θ or even by both rhythms simultaneously. Interestingly, the phase and cortical depth-dependence of spike-field coupling differ for these oscillations. We further show through intracellular recordings in urethane-anesthetized mice that synaptic inhibition is likely to play a role in generating respiration-entrainment at the membrane potential level. We conclude that θ and respiration differentially affect neuronal activity in the parietal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Jung
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Victoria Witte
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yevgenij Yanovsky
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Klumpp
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jurij Brankack
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adriano B L Tort
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Andreas Dr Draguhn
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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18
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Folschweiller S, Sauer JF. Respiration-Driven Brain Oscillations in Emotional Cognition. Front Neural Circuits 2021; 15:761812. [PMID: 34790100 PMCID: PMC8592085 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.761812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiration paces brain oscillations and the firing of individual neurons, revealing a profound impact of rhythmic breathing on brain activity. Intriguingly, respiration-driven entrainment of neural activity occurs in a variety of cortical areas, including those involved in higher cognitive functions such as associative neocortical regions and the hippocampus. Here we review recent findings of respiration-entrained brain activity with a particular focus on emotional cognition. We summarize studies from different brain areas involved in emotional behavior such as fear, despair, and motivation, and compile findings of respiration-driven activities across species. Furthermore, we discuss the proposed cellular and network mechanisms by which cortical circuits are entrained by respiration. The emerging synthesis from a large body of literature suggests that the impact of respiration on brain function is widespread across the brain and highly relevant for distinct cognitive functions. These intricate links between respiration and cognitive processes call for mechanistic studies of the role of rhythmic breathing as a timing signal for brain activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shani Folschweiller
- Institute for Physiology I, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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