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Santamaria L, Koopman ACM, Bekinschtein T, Lewis P. Effects of Targeted Memory Reactivation on Cortical Networks. Brain Sci 2024; 14:114. [PMID: 38391689 PMCID: PMC10886727 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14020114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Sleep is a complex physiological process with an important role in memory consolidation characterised by a series of spatiotemporal changes in brain activity and connectivity. Here, we investigate how task-related responses differ between pre-sleep wake, sleep, and post-sleep wake. To this end, we trained participants on a serial reaction time task using both right and left hands using Targeted Memory Reactivation (TMR), in which auditory cues are associated with learned material and then re-presented in subsequent wake or sleep periods in order to elicit memory reactivation. The neural responses just after each cue showed increased theta band connectivity between frontal and other cortical regions, as well as between hemispheres, in slow wave sleep compared to pre- or post-sleep wake. This pattern was consistent across the cues associated with both right- and left-handed movements. We also searched for hand-specific connectivity and found that this could be identified in within-hemisphere connectivity after TMR cues during sleep and post-sleep sessions. The fact that we could identify which hand had been cued during sleep suggests that these connectivity measures could potentially be used to determine how successfully memory is reactivated by our manipulation. Collectively, these findings indicate that TMR modulates the brain cortical networks showing clear differences between wake and sleep connectivity patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Penelope Lewis
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Wales CF10 3AT, UK
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2
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Xie T, Foutz TJ, Adamek M, Swift JR, Inman CS, Manns JR, Leuthardt EC, Willie JT, Brunner P. Single-pulse electrical stimulation artifact removal using the novel matching pursuit-based artifact reconstruction and removal method (MPARRM). J Neural Eng 2023; 20:066036. [PMID: 38063368 PMCID: PMC10751949 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ad1385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Objective.Single-pulse electrical stimulation (SPES) has been widely used to probe effective connectivity. However, analysis of the neural response is often confounded by stimulation artifacts. We developed a novel matching pursuit-based artifact reconstruction and removal method (MPARRM) capable of removing artifacts from stimulation-artifact-affected electrophysiological signals.Approach.To validate MPARRM across a wide range of potential stimulation artifact types, we performed a bench-top experiment in which we suspended electrodes in a saline solution to generate 110 types of real-world stimulation artifacts. We then added the generated stimulation artifacts to ground truth signals (stereoelectroencephalography signals from nine human subjects recorded during a receptive speech task), applied MPARRM to the combined signal, and compared the resultant denoised signal with the ground truth signal. We further applied MPARRM to artifact-affected neural signals recorded from the hippocampus while performing SPES on the ipsilateral basolateral amygdala in nine human subjects.Main results.MPARRM could remove stimulation artifacts without introducing spectral leakage or temporal spread. It accommodated variable stimulation parameters and recovered the early response to SPES within a wide range of frequency bands. Specifically, in the early response period (5-10 ms following stimulation onset), we found that the broadband gamma power (70-170 Hz) of the denoised signal was highly correlated with the ground truth signal (R=0.98±0.02, Pearson), and the broadband gamma activity of the denoised signal faithfully revealed the responses to the auditory stimuli within the ground truth signal with94%±1.47%sensitivity and99%±1.01%specificity. We further found that MPARRM could reveal the expected temporal progression of broadband gamma activity along the anterior-posterior axis of the hippocampus in response to the ipsilateral amygdala stimulation.Significance.MPARRM could faithfully remove SPES artifacts without confounding the electrophysiological signal components, especially during the early-response period. This method can facilitate the understanding of the neural response mechanisms of SPES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
- National Center for Adaptive Neurotechnologies, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Thomas J Foutz
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Markus Adamek
- National Center for Adaptive Neurotechnologies, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - James R Swift
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
- National Center for Adaptive Neurotechnologies, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Cory S Inman
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Joseph R Manns
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Eric C Leuthardt
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Jon T Willie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
- National Center for Adaptive Neurotechnologies, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Peter Brunner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
- National Center for Adaptive Neurotechnologies, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
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3
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Yang L, Xiao X, Yu L, Shen Z, Luo Y, Zhao G, Dou Z, Lin W, Yang J, Yang L, Yu S. Neural mechanisms of working memory dysfunction in patients with chronic insomnia disorder. Sleep Med 2023; 112:151-158. [PMID: 37865032 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2023.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the neural mechanisms underlying working memory impairment in patients with chronic insomnia disorder (CID) using event-related potentials (ERP) and resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) approaches. METHODS Participants, including CID patients and healthy controls (HCs), completed clinical scales and underwent electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). EEG analysis compared reaction times, P3 amplitudes, event-related spectral perturbations (ERSP), and inter-trial phase synchronisation (ITPS) between CID patients and HCs. Subsequently, frontal regions (i.e., the Superior Frontal Gyrus [SFG] and Middle Frontal Gyrus [MFG]) corresponding to the EEG were selected as seeds for rsFC analysis. Correlation analyses were conducted to further investigate the relationship between functional connectivity abnormalities in brain regions and clinical symptom severity and P3 amplitude in CID patients. RESULTS Compared to HCs, CID patients exhibited slower reaction times across all working memory conditions, with the deficits becoming more pronounced as memory load increased. ERP analysis revealed increased P3 amplitude, theta wave power, and reduced inter-trial synchrony in CID patients. rsFC analysis showed decreased connectivity of SFG-posterior cingulated cortex (PCC), SFG-MFG, and MFG-frontal pole (FP), and increased connectivity of MFG- Middle Temporal Gyrus (MTG)in CID patients. Importantly, a significant correlation was found between the rsFC of SFG-MTG and P3 amplitude during 1-back. CONCLUSION This study confirms deficits in working memory capacity in patients with CID, specifically in the neural mechanisms of cognitive processing that vary depending on the level of cognitive load. Alterations in connectivity patterns within and between the frontal and temporal regions may be the neural basis of the cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yang
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangwen Xiao
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Liyong Yu
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhifu Shen
- Center of Interventional Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Yucai Luo
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangli Zhao
- School of Rehabilitation and Health Preservation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zeyang Dou
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenting Lin
- School of Rehabilitation and Health Preservation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Yang
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lili Yang
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Siyi Yu
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China; Acupuncture and Brain Science Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
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4
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Shirani S, Valentin A, Abdi-Sargezeh B, Alarcon G, Sanei S. Localization of Epileptic Brain Responses to Single-Pulse Electrical Stimulation by Developing an Adaptive Iterative Linearly Constrained Minimum Variance Beamformer. Int J Neural Syst 2023; 33:2350050. [PMID: 37567860 DOI: 10.1142/s0129065723500508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Delayed responses (DRs) to single pulse electrical stimulation (SPES) in patients with severe refractory epilepsy, from their intracranial recordings, can help to identify regions associated with epileptogenicity. Automatic DR localization is a large step in speeding up the identification of epileptogenic focus. Here, for the first time, an adaptive iterative linearly constrained minimum variance beamformer (AI-LCMV) is developed and employed to localize the DR sources from intracranial electroencephalogram (EEG) recorded using subdural electrodes. The prime objective here is to accurately localize the regions for the corresponding DRs using an adaptive localization method that exploits the morphology of DRs as the desired sources. The traditional closed-form linearly constrained minimum variance (CF-LCMV) solution is meant for tracking the sources with dominating power. Here, by incorporating the morphology of DRs, as a constraint, to an iterative linearly constrained minimum variance (LCMV) solution, the array of subdural electrodes is used to localize the low-power DRs, some not even visible in any of the electrode signals. The results from the cases included in this study also indicate more distinctive locations compared to those achievable by conventional beamformers. Most importantly, the proposed AI-LCMV is able to localize the DRs invisible over other electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepehr Shirani
- Department of Computer Science, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, UK
| | - Antonio Valentin
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, UK
| | | | - Gonzalo Alarcon
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Saeid Sanei
- Department of Computer Science, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, UK
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Togawa J, Matsumoto R, Usami K, Matsuhashi M, Inouchi M, Kobayashi K, Hitomi T, Nakae T, Shimotake A, Yamao Y, Kikuchi T, Yoshida K, Kunieda T, Miyamoto S, Takahashi R, Ikeda A. Enhanced phase-amplitude coupling of human electrocorticography selectively in the posterior cortical region during rapid eye movement sleep. Cereb Cortex 2022; 33:486-496. [PMID: 35288751 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The spatiotemporal dynamics of interaction between slow (delta or infraslow) waves and fast (gamma) activities during wakefulness and sleep are yet to be elucidated in human electrocorticography (ECoG). We evaluated phase-amplitude coupling (PAC), which reflects neuronal coding in information processing, using ECoG in 11 patients with intractable focal epilepsy. PAC was observed between slow waves of 0.5-0.6 Hz and gamma activities, not only during light sleep and slow-wave sleep (SWS) but even during wakefulness and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. While PAC was high over a large region during SWS, it was stronger in the posterior cortical region around the temporoparietal junction than in the frontal cortical region during REM sleep. PAC tended to be higher in the posterior cortical region than in the frontal cortical region even during wakefulness. Our findings suggest that the posterior cortical region has a functional role in REM sleep and may contribute to the maintenance of the dreaming experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumpei Togawa
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Care and Sleep Control Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Riki Matsumoto
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.,Divison of Neurology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Kiyohide Usami
- Department of Epilepsy, Movement Disorders and Physiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masao Matsuhashi
- Department of Epilepsy, Movement Disorders and Physiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Morito Inouchi
- Department of Epilepsy, Movement Disorders and Physiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.,Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto 612-8555, Japan
| | - Katsuya Kobayashi
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takefumi Hitomi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takuro Nakae
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Shiga General Hospital, Moriyama, Shiga 524-8524, Japan
| | - Akihiro Shimotake
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Yamao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kikuchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kazumichi Yoshida
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takeharu Kunieda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, To-on, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Susumu Miyamoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Akio Ikeda
- Department of Epilepsy, Movement Disorders and Physiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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6
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Abdalbari H, Durrani M, Pancholi S, Patel N, Nasuto SJ, Nicolaou N. Brain and brain-heart Granger causality during wakefulness and sleep. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:927111. [PMID: 36188466 PMCID: PMC9520578 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.927111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this exploratory study we apply Granger Causality (GC) to investigate the brain-brain and brain-heart interactions during wakefulness and sleep. Our analysis includes electroencephalogram (EEG) and electrocardiogram (ECG) data during all-night polysomnographic recordings from volunteers with apnea, available from the Massachusetts General Hospital’s Computational Clinical Neurophysiology Laboratory and the Clinical Data Animation Laboratory. The data is manually annotated by clinical staff at the MGH in 30 second contiguous intervals (wakefulness and sleep stages 1, 2, 3, and rapid eye movement (REM). We applied GC to 4-s non-overlapping segments of available EEG and ECG across all-night recordings of 50 randomly chosen patients. To identify differences in GC between the different sleep stages, the GC for each sleep stage was subtracted from the GC during wakefulness. Positive (negative) differences indicated that GC was greater (lower) during wakefulness compared to the specific sleep stage. The application of GC to study brain-brain and brain-heart bidirectional connections during wakefulness and sleep confirmed the importance of fronto-posterior connectivity during these two states, but has also revealed differences in ipsilateral and contralateral mechanisms of these connections. It has also confirmed the existence of bidirectional brain-heart connections that are more prominent in the direction from brain to heart. Our exploratory study has shown that GC can be successfully applied to sleep data analysis and captures the varying physiological mechanisms that are related to wakefulness and different sleep stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmi Abdalbari
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Mohammad Durrani
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Shivam Pancholi
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Nikhil Patel
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Slawomir J. Nasuto
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Nicoletta Nicolaou
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Center for Neuroscience and Integrative Brain Research (CENIBRE), University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
- *Correspondence: Nicoletta Nicolaou,
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7
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Gregg NM, Sladky V, Nejedly P, Mivalt F, Kim I, Balzekas I, Sturges BK, Crowe C, Patterson EE, Van Gompel JJ, Lundstrom BN, Leyde K, Denison TJ, Brinkmann BH, Kremen V, Worrell GA. Thalamic deep brain stimulation modulates cycles of seizure risk in epilepsy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24250. [PMID: 34930926 PMCID: PMC8688461 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03555-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic brain recordings suggest that seizure risk is not uniform, but rather varies systematically relative to daily (circadian) and multiday (multidien) cycles. Here, one human and seven dogs with naturally occurring epilepsy had continuous intracranial EEG (median 298 days) using novel implantable sensing and stimulation devices. Two pet dogs and the human subject received concurrent thalamic deep brain stimulation (DBS) over multiple months. All subjects had circadian and multiday cycles in the rate of interictal epileptiform spikes (IES). There was seizure phase locking to circadian and multiday IES cycles in five and seven out of eight subjects, respectively. Thalamic DBS modified circadian (all 3 subjects) and multiday (analysis limited to the human participant) IES cycles. DBS modified seizure clustering and circadian phase locking in the human subject. Multiscale cycles in brain excitability and seizure risk are features of human and canine epilepsy and are modifiable by thalamic DBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M Gregg
- Department of Neurology, Bioelectronics Neurophysiology and Engineering Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Vladimir Sladky
- Department of Neurology, Bioelectronics Neurophysiology and Engineering Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, 656 91, Brno, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, 272 01, Kladno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Nejedly
- Department of Neurology, Bioelectronics Neurophysiology and Engineering Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, 656 91, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Mivalt
- Department of Neurology, Bioelectronics Neurophysiology and Engineering Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, 656 91, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, 616 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Inyong Kim
- Department of Neurology, Bioelectronics Neurophysiology and Engineering Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Irena Balzekas
- Department of Neurology, Bioelectronics Neurophysiology and Engineering Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Mayo Clinic School of Medicine and the Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Beverly K Sturges
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Chelsea Crowe
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Edward E Patterson
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | | | - Brian N Lundstrom
- Department of Neurology, Bioelectronics Neurophysiology and Engineering Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Kent Leyde
- Cadence Neuroscience, Seattle, WA, 98052, USA
| | - Timothy J Denison
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Oxford University, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Benjamin H Brinkmann
- Department of Neurology, Bioelectronics Neurophysiology and Engineering Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Vaclav Kremen
- Department of Neurology, Bioelectronics Neurophysiology and Engineering Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Czech Institute of Informatics, Robotics, and Cybernetics, Czech Technical University in Prague, 160 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Gregory A Worrell
- Department of Neurology, Bioelectronics Neurophysiology and Engineering Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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8
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Sonoda M, Silverstein BH, Jeong JW, Sugiura A, Nakai Y, Mitsuhashi T, Rothermel R, Luat AF, Sood S, Asano E. Six-dimensional dynamic tractography atlas of language connectivity in the developing brain. Brain 2021; 144:3340-3354. [PMID: 34849596 PMCID: PMC8677551 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During a verbal conversation, our brain moves through a series of complex linguistic processing stages: sound decoding, semantic comprehension, retrieval of semantically coherent words, and overt production of speech outputs. Each process is thought to be supported by a network consisting of local and long-range connections bridging between major cortical areas. Both temporal and extratemporal lobe regions have functional compartments responsible for distinct language domains, including the perception and production of phonological and semantic components. This study provides quantitative evidence of how directly connected inter-lobar neocortical networks support distinct stages of linguistic processing across brain development. Novel six-dimensional tractography was used to intuitively visualize the strength and temporal dynamics of direct inter-lobar effective connectivity between cortical areas activated during each linguistic processing stage. We analysed 3401 non-epileptic intracranial electrode sites from 37 children with focal epilepsy (aged 5-20 years) who underwent extra-operative electrocorticography recording. Principal component analysis of auditory naming-related high-gamma modulations determined the relative involvement of each cortical area during each linguistic processing stage. To quantify direct effective connectivity, we delivered single-pulse electrical stimulation to 488 temporal and 1581 extratemporal lobe sites and measured the early cortico-cortical spectral responses at distant electrodes. Mixed model analyses determined the effects of naming-related high-gamma co-augmentation between connecting regions, age, and cerebral hemisphere on the strength of effective connectivity independent of epilepsy-related factors. Direct effective connectivity was strongest between extratemporal and temporal lobe site pairs, which were simultaneously activated between sentence offset and verbal response onset (i.e. response preparation period); this connectivity was approximately twice more robust than that with temporal lobe sites activated during stimulus listening or overt response. Conversely, extratemporal lobe sites activated during overt response were equally connected with temporal lobe language sites. Older age was associated with increased strength of inter-lobar effective connectivity especially between those activated during response preparation. The arcuate fasciculus supported approximately two-thirds of the direct effective connectivity pathways from temporal to extratemporal auditory language-related areas but only up to half of those in the opposite direction. The uncinate fasciculus consisted of <2% of those in the temporal-to-extratemporal direction and up to 6% of those in the opposite direction. We, for the first time, provided an atlas which quantifies and animates the strength, dynamics, and direction specificity of inter-lobar neural communications between language areas via the white matter pathways. Language-related effective connectivity may be strengthened in an age-dependent manner even after the age of 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Sonoda
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2360004, Japan
| | - Brian H Silverstein
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Jeong-Won Jeong
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Ayaka Sugiura
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Yasuo Nakai
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Wakayama 6418509, Japan
| | - Takumi Mitsuhashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, 1138421, Japan
| | - Robert Rothermel
- Department of Psychiatry, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Aimee F Luat
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48858, USA
| | - Sandeep Sood
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Eishi Asano
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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9
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Sarasso S, Casali AG, Casarotto S, Rosanova M, Sinigaglia C, Massimini M. Consciousness and complexity: a consilience of evidence. Neurosci Conscious 2021; 2021:niab023. [PMID: 38496724 PMCID: PMC10941977 DOI: 10.1093/nc/niab023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the last years, a surge of empirical studies converged on complexity-related measures as reliable markers of consciousness across many different conditions, such as sleep, anesthesia, hallucinatory states, coma, and related disorders. Most of these measures were independently proposed by researchers endorsing disparate frameworks and employing different methods and techniques. Since this body of evidence has not been systematically reviewed and coherently organized so far, this positive trend has remained somewhat below the radar. The aim of this paper is to make this consilience of evidence in the science of consciousness explicit. We start with a systematic assessment of the growing literature on complexity-related measures and identify their common denominator, tracing it back to core theoretical principles and predictions put forward more than 20 years ago. In doing this, we highlight a consistent trajectory spanning two decades of consciousness research and provide a provisional taxonomy of the present literature. Finally, we consider all of the above as a positive ground to approach new questions and devise future experiments that may help consolidate and further develop a promising field where empirical research on consciousness appears to have, so far, naturally converged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Sarasso
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ‘L. Sacco’, University of Milan, Milan 20157, Italy
| | - Adenauer Girardi Casali
- Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Jose dos Campos, 12247-014, Brazil
| | - Silvia Casarotto
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ‘L. Sacco’, University of Milan, Milan 20157, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Milan 20148, Italy
| | - Mario Rosanova
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ‘L. Sacco’, University of Milan, Milan 20157, Italy
| | | | - Marcello Massimini
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ‘L. Sacco’, University of Milan, Milan 20157, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Milan 20148, Italy
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10
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Hays MA, Coogan C, Crone NE, Kang JY. Graph theoretical analysis of evoked potentials shows network influence of epileptogenic mesial temporal region. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:4173-4186. [PMID: 34165233 PMCID: PMC8356982 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
It is now widely accepted that seizures arise from the coordinated activity of epileptic networks, and as a result, traditional methods of analyzing seizures have been augmented by techniques like single-pulse electrical stimulation (SPES) that estimate effective connectivity in brain networks. We used SPES and graph analytics in 18 patients undergoing intracranial EEG monitoring to investigate effective connectivity between recording sites within and outside mesial temporal structures. We compared evoked potential amplitude, network density, and centrality measures inside and outside the mesial temporal region (MTR) across three patient groups: focal epileptogenic MTR, multifocal epileptogenic MTR, and non-epileptogenic MTR. Effective connectivity within the MTR had significantly greater magnitude (evoked potential amplitude) and network density, regardless of epileptogenicity. However, effective connectivity between MTR and surrounding non-epileptogenic regions was of greater magnitude and density in patients with focal epileptogenic MTR compared to patients with multifocal epileptogenic MTR and those with non-epileptogenic MTR. Moreover, electrodes within focal epileptogenic MTR had significantly greater outward network centrality compared to electrodes outside non-epileptogenic regions and to multifocal and non-epileptogenic MTR. Our results indicate that the MTR is a robustly connected subnetwork that can exert an overall elevated propagative influence over other brain regions when it is epileptogenic. Understanding the underlying effective connectivity and roles of epileptogenic regions within the larger network may provide insights that eventually lead to improved surgical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Hays
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Christopher Coogan
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nathan E Crone
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Joon Y Kang
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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11
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Wang Y, Hays MA, Coogan C, Kang JY, Flinker A, Arya R, Korzeniewska A, Crone NE. Spatial-Temporal Functional Mapping Combined With Cortico-Cortical Evoked Potentials in Predicting Cortical Stimulation Results. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:661976. [PMID: 33935673 PMCID: PMC8079642 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.661976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional human brain mapping is commonly performed during invasive monitoring with intracranial electroencephalographic (iEEG) electrodes prior to resective surgery for drug resistant epilepsy. The current gold standard, electrocortical stimulation mapping (ESM), is time consuming, sometimes elicits pain, and often induces after discharges or seizures. Moreover, there is a risk of overestimating eloquent areas due to propagation of the effects of stimulation to a broader network of language cortex. Passive iEEG spatial-temporal functional mapping (STFM) has recently emerged as a potential alternative to ESM. However, investigators have observed less correspondence between STFM and ESM maps of language than between their maps of motor function. We hypothesized that incongruities between ESM and STFM of language function may arise due to propagation of the effects of ESM to cortical areas having strong effective connectivity with the site of stimulation. We evaluated five patients who underwent invasive monitoring for seizure localization, whose language areas were identified using ESM. All patients performed a battery of language tasks during passive iEEG recordings. To estimate the effective connectivity of stimulation sites with a broader network of task-activated cortical sites, we measured cortico-cortical evoked potentials (CCEPs) elicited across all recording sites by single-pulse electrical stimulation at sites where ESM was performed at other times. With the combination of high gamma power as well as CCEPs results, we trained a logistic regression model to predict ESM results at individual electrode pairs. The average accuracy of the classifier using both STFM and CCEPs results combined was 87.7%, significantly higher than the one using STFM alone (71.8%), indicating that the correspondence between STFM and ESM results is greater when effective connectivity between ESM stimulation sites and task-activated sites is taken into consideration. These findings, though based on a small number of subjects to date, provide preliminary support for the hypothesis that incongruities between ESM and STFM may arise in part from propagation of stimulation effects to a broader network of cortical language sites activated by language tasks, and suggest that more studies, with larger numbers of patients, are needed to understand the utility of both mapping techniques in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Mark A Hays
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Christopher Coogan
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Joon Y Kang
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Adeen Flinker
- Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ravindra Arya
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Anna Korzeniewska
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Nathan E Crone
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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12
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Mitsuhashi T, Sonoda M, Iwaki H, Luat AF, Sood S, Asano E. Effects of depth electrode montage and single-pulse electrical stimulation sites on neuronal responses and effective connectivity. Clin Neurophysiol 2020; 131:2781-2792. [PMID: 33130438 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2020.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the optimal depth electrode montages for the assessment of effective connectivity based on single-pulse electrical stimulation (SPES). To determine the effect of SPES locations on the extent of resulting neuronal propagations. METHODS We studied 14 epilepsy patients who underwent invasive monitoring with depth electrodes and measurement of cortico-cortical evoked potentials (CCEPs) and cortico-cortical spectral responses (CCSRs). We determined the effects of electrode montage and stimulus sites on the CCEP/CCSR amplitudes. RESULTS Bipolar and Laplacian montages effectively reduced the degree of SPES-related signal deflections at extra-cortical levels, including outside the brain, while maintaining those at the cortical level. SPES of structures more proximal to the deep white matter, compared to the cortical surface, elicited greater CCEPs and CCSRs. CONCLUSIONS On depth electrode recording, bipolar and Laplacian montages are suitable for measurement of near-field CCEPs and CCSRs. SPES of the white matter axons may induce neuronal propagations to extensive regions of the cerebral cortex. SIGNIFICANCE This study helps to establish the practical guidelines on the diagnostic use of CCEPs/CCSRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Mitsuhashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University, Tokyo 1138421, Japan
| | - Masaki Sonoda
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 2360004, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Iwaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Epileptology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 9808575, Japan
| | - Aimee F Luat
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Sandeep Sood
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Eishi Asano
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Translational Neuroscience Program, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
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13
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Bourdillon P, Hermann B, Guénot M, Bastuji H, Isnard J, King JR, Sitt J, Naccache L. Brain-scale cortico-cortical functional connectivity in the delta-theta band is a robust signature of conscious states: an intracranial and scalp EEG study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14037. [PMID: 32820188 PMCID: PMC7441406 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70447-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-range cortico-cortical functional connectivity has long been theorized to be necessary for conscious states. In the present work, we estimate long-range cortical connectivity in a series of intracranial and scalp EEG recordings experiments. In the two first experiments intracranial-EEG (iEEG) was recorded during four distinct states within the same individuals: conscious wakefulness (CW), rapid-eye-movement sleep (REM), stable periods of slow-wave sleep (SWS) and deep propofol anaesthesia (PA). We estimated functional connectivity using the following two methods: weighted Symbolic-Mutual-Information (wSMI) and phase-locked value (PLV). Our results showed that long-range functional connectivity in the delta-theta frequency band specifically discriminated CW and REM from SWS and PA. In the third experiment, we generalized this original finding on a large cohort of brain-injured patients. FC in the delta-theta band was significantly higher in patients being in a minimally conscious state (MCS) than in those being in a vegetative state (or unresponsive wakefulness syndrome). Taken together the present results suggest that FC of cortical activity in this slow frequency band is a new and robust signature of conscious states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Bourdillon
- Department of Neurophysiology, Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France. .,Faculté de médecine Claude Bernard, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France. .,Brain and Spine Institue, INSERM U1127, CNRS 7225, 47 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France. .,Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
| | - Bertrand Hermann
- Brain and Spine Institue, INSERM U1127, CNRS 7225, 47 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Neuro Intensive Care Unit, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Marc Guénot
- Department of Neurophysiology, Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Faculté de médecine Claude Bernard, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Neuropain Team, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM U1028, Lyon, France
| | - Hélène Bastuji
- Neuropain Team, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM U1028, Lyon, France.,Functional Neurology Department and Sleep Center, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jean Isnard
- Functional Neurology Department and Sleep Center, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Rémi King
- Brain and Spine Institue, INSERM U1127, CNRS 7225, 47 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Jacobo Sitt
- Brain and Spine Institue, INSERM U1127, CNRS 7225, 47 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Lionel Naccache
- Brain and Spine Institue, INSERM U1127, CNRS 7225, 47 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France. .,Sorbonne Université, Paris, France. .,Department of Neurophysiology, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.
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14
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Sugiura A, Silverstein BH, Jeong JW, Nakai Y, Sonoda M, Motoi H, Asano E. Four-dimensional map of direct effective connectivity from posterior visual areas. Neuroimage 2020; 210:116548. [PMID: 31958582 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lower- and higher-order visual cortices in the posterior brain, ranging from the medial- and lateral-occipital to fusiform regions, are suggested to support visual object recognition, whereas the frontal eye field (FEF) plays a role in saccadic eye movements which optimize visual processing. Previous studies using electrophysiology and functional MRI techniques have reported that tasks requiring visual object recognition elicited cortical activation sequentially in the aforementioned posterior visual regions and FEFs. The present study aims to provide unique evidence of direct effective connectivity outgoing from the posterior visual regions by measuring the early component (10-50 ms) of cortico-cortical spectral responses (CCSRs) elicited by weak single-pulse direct cortical electrical stimulation. We studied 22 patients who underwent extraoperative intracranial EEG recording for clinical localization of seizure foci and functionally-important brain regions. We used animations to visualize the spatiotemporal dynamics of gamma band CCSRs elicited by stimulation of three different posterior visual regions. We quantified the strength of CCSR-defined effective connectivity between the lower- and higher-order posterior visual regions as well as from the posterior visual regions to the FEFs. We found that effective connectivity within the posterior visual regions was larger in the feedforward (i.e., lower-to higher-order) direction compared to the opposite direction. Specifically, connectivity from the medial-occipital region was largest to the lateral-occipital region, whereas that from the lateral-occipital region was largest to the fusiform region. Among the posterior visual regions, connectivity to the FEF was largest from the lateral-occipital region and the mean peak latency of CCSR propagation from the lateral-occipital region to FEF was 26 ms. Our invasive study of the human brain using a stimulation-based intervention supports the model that the posterior visual regions have direct cortico-cortical connectivity pathways in which neural activity is transferred preferentially from the lower-to higher-order areas. The human brain has direct cortico-cortical connectivity allowing a rapid transfer of neural activity from the lateral-occipital region to the FEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Sugiura
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Brian H Silverstein
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Jeong-Won Jeong
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA; Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Yasuo Nakai
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama-shi, 6418509, Japan
| | - Masaki Sonoda
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Hirotaka Motoi
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Eishi Asano
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA; Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
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15
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Usami K. Does single stimulus elucidate the complex mystery of sleep? Clin Neurophysiol 2019; 131:463-464. [PMID: 31836421 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2019.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kiyohide Usami
- Department of Epilepsy, Movement Disorders and Physiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
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16
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Ellenrieder N, Gotman J, Zelmann R, Rogers C, Nguyen DK, Kahane P, Dubeau F, Frauscher B. How the Human Brain Sleeps: Direct Cortical Recordings of Normal Brain Activity. Ann Neurol 2019; 87:289-301. [DOI: 10.1002/ana.25651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Ellenrieder
- Montreal Neurological Institute and HospitalMcGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Jean Gotman
- Montreal Neurological Institute and HospitalMcGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Rina Zelmann
- Montreal Neurological Institute and HospitalMcGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
- Department of NeurologyMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston MA
| | - Christine Rogers
- Montreal Neurological Institute and HospitalMcGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | | | - Philippe Kahane
- Department of NeurologyGrenoble‐Alpes University Hospital and Grenoble‐Alpes University Grenoble France
| | - François Dubeau
- Montreal Neurological Institute and HospitalMcGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Birgit Frauscher
- Montreal Neurological Institute and HospitalMcGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
- Department of MedicineQueen's University Kingston Ontario Canada
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17
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Sleep modulates effective connectivity: A study using intracranial stimulation and recording. Clin Neurophysiol 2019; 131:529-541. [PMID: 31708382 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2019.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sleep is an active process with an important role in memory. Epilepsy patients often display a disturbed sleep architecture, with consequences on cognition. We aimed to investigate the effect of sleep on cortical networks' organization. METHODS We analyzed cortico-cortical evoked responses elicited by single pulse electrical stimulation (SPES) using intracranial depth electrodes in 25 patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy explored using stereo-EEG. We applied the SPES protocol during wakefulness and NREM - N2 sleep. We analyzed 31,710 significant responses elicited by 799 stimulations covering most brain structures, epileptogenic or non-epileptogenic. We analyzed effective connectivity between structures using a graph-theory approach. RESULTS Sleep increases excitability in the brain, regardless of epileptogenicity. Local and distant connections are differently modulated by sleep, depending on the tissue epileptogenicity. In non-epileptogenic areas, frontal lobe connectivity is enhanced during sleep. There is increased connectivity between the hippocampus and temporal neocortex, while perisylvian structures are disconnected from the temporal lobe. In epileptogenic areas, we found a clear interhemispheric difference, with decreased connectivity in the right hemisphere during sleep. CONCLUSIONS Sleep modulates brain excitability and reconfigures functional brain networks, depending on tissue epileptogenicity. SIGNIFICANCE We found specific patterns of information flow during sleep in physiologic and pathologic structures, with possible implications for cognition.
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