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Shahzad K, Zhu M, Cao L, Hao Y, Zhou Y, Liu W, Dai J. Phylogenetic conservation in plant phenological traits varies between temperate and subtropical climates in China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1367152. [PMID: 38660448 PMCID: PMC11039852 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1367152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Phenological traits, such as leaf and flowering dates, are proven to be phylogenetically conserved. The relationship between phylogenetic conservation, plant phenology, and climatic factors remains unknown. Here, we assessed phenological features among flowering plants as evidence for phylogenetic conservatism, the tendency for closely related species to share similar ecological and biological attributes. We use spring phenological traits data from 1968-2018 of 65 trees and 49 shrubs in Xi'an (temperate climate) and Guiyang (subtropical climate) to understand plant phenological traits' relationship with phylogeny. Molecular datasets are employed in evolutionary models to test the phylogenetic conservatism in spring phenological characteristics in response to climate-sensitive phenological features. Significant phylogenetic conservation was found in the Xi'an plant's phenological traits, while there was a non-significant conservation in the Guiyang plant species. Phylogenetic generalized least squares (PGLS) models correlate with phenological features significantly in Xi'an while non-significantly in Guiyang. Based on the findings of molecular dating, it was suggested that the Guiyang species split off from their relatives around 46.0 mya during the middle Eocene of the Tertiary Cenozoic Era, while Xi'an species showed a long evolutionary history and diverged from their relatives around 95 mya during the late Cretaceous Mesozoic Era. First leaf dates (FLD) indicative of spring phenology, show that Xi'an adjourned the case later than Guiyang. Unlike FLD, first flower dates (FFD) yield different results as Guiyang flowers appear later than Xi'an's. Our research revealed that various factors, including phylogeny, growth form, and functional features, influenced the diversity of flowering phenology within species in conjunction with local climate circumstances. These results are conducive to understanding evolutionary conservation mechanisms in plant phenology concerning evolutionary processes in different geographical and climate zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khurram Shahzad
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Acadamy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Mengyao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Acadamy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Lijuan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Acadamy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Yulong Hao
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Acadamy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Acadamy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Acadamy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Junhu Dai
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Acadamy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Escoriza D, Ben Hassine J. Niche diversification of Mediterranean and southwestern Asian tortoises. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13702. [PMID: 35846890 PMCID: PMC9281595 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tortoises of the genus Testudo are widely distributed throughout the Mediterranean region and southwestern Asia. However, the evolutionary mechanisms of diversification in this genus are still poorly understood. Methods In this study, we assessed the evolutionary patterns in the climate niches of five species and 11 subspecies of the genus Testudo using ecological niche models and evaluated the niche overlap based on species phylogenetic distances. Results The ecological models indicated that most species differ in their climate niches, but show overlap, with gradual transitions at range boundaries. As expected, the ecological divergence among subspecies was lower than that among species. Evaluation of the phylogenetic signal indicated that climate niches have been weakly conserved, but sister species also show high evolutionary divergence.
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Fernández LD, Seppey CVW, Singer D, Fournier B, Tatti D, Mitchell EAD, Lara E. Niche Conservatism Drives the Elevational Diversity Gradient in Major Groups of Free-Living Soil Unicellular Eukaryotes. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022; 83:459-469. [PMID: 34052880 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01771-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ancestral adaptations to tropical-like climates drive most multicellular biogeography and macroecology. Observational studies suggest that this niche conservatism could also be shaping unicellular biogeography and macroecology, although evidence is limited to Acidobacteria and testate amoebae. We tracked the phylogenetic signal of this niche conservatism in far related and functionally contrasted groups of common soil protists (Bacillariophyta, Cercomonadida, Ciliophora, Euglyphida and Kinetoplastida) along a humid but increasingly cold elevational gradient in Switzerland. Protist diversity decreased, and the size of the geographic ranges of taxa increased with elevation and associated decreasing temperature (climate), which is consistent with a macroecological pattern known as the Rapoport effect. Bacillariophyta exhibited phylogenetically overdispersed communities assembled by competitive exclusion of closely related taxa with shared (conserved) niches. By contrast, Cercomonadida, Ciliophora, Euglyphida and Kinetoplastida exhibited phylogenetically clustered communities assembled by habitat filtering, revealing the coexistence of closely related taxa with shared (conserved) adaptations to cope with the humid but temperate to cold climate of the study site. Phylobetadiversity revealed that soil protists exhibit a strong phylogenetic turnover among elevational sites, suggesting that most taxa have evolutionary constraints that prevent them from colonizing the colder and higher sites of the elevation gradient. Our results suggest that evolutionary constraints determine how soil protists colonize climates departing from warm and humid conditions. We posit that these evolutionary constraints are linked to an ancestral adaptation to tropical-like climates, which limits their survival in exceedingly cold sites. This niche conservatism possibly drives their biogeography and macroecology along latitudinal and altitudinal climatic gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo D Fernández
- Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales y Sustentabilidad (CIRENYS), Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Avenida Viel 1497, Santiago, Chile.
- Laboratory of Soil Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile Argand 11, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Christophe V W Seppey
- Laboratory of Soil Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile Argand 11, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- Institute of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Framstredet 39, 9019, Tromsø, Norway
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Geography, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - David Singer
- Laboratory of Soil Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile Argand 11, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
- UMR CNRS 6112 LPG-BIAF, Université D'Angers, Cedex 1, Angers, France
| | - Bertrand Fournier
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Geography, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Dylan Tatti
- Division Agronomie, Soil Protection and Use Group, School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences HAFL, Bern University of Applied Sciences BFH, Länggasse 85, 3052, Zollikofen, Switzerland
| | - Edward A D Mitchell
- Laboratory of Soil Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile Argand 11, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- Botanical Garden of Neuchâtel, Chemin du Pertuis-du-Sault 58, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Enrique Lara
- Laboratory of Soil Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile Argand 11, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- Department of Mycology, Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid, CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014, Madrid, Spain
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Yamahira K, Ansai S, Kakioka R, Yaguchi H, Kon T, Montenegro J, Kobayashi H, Fujimoto S, Kimura R, Takehana Y, Setiamarga DHE, Takami Y, Tanaka R, Maeda K, Tran HD, Koizumi N, Morioka S, Bounsong V, Watanabe K, Musikasinthorn P, Tun S, Yun LKC, Masengi KWA, Anoop VK, Raghavan R, Kitano J. Mesozoic origin and 'out-of-India' radiation of ricefishes (Adrianichthyidae). Biol Lett 2021; 17:20210212. [PMID: 34343438 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2021.0212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Indian subcontinent has an origin geologically different from Eurasia, but many terrestrial animal and plant species on it have congeneric or sister species in other parts of Asia, especially in the Southeast. This faunal and floral similarity between India and Southeast Asia is explained by either of the two biogeographic scenarios, 'into-India' or 'out-of-India'. Phylogenies based on complete mitochondrial genomes and five nuclear genes were undertaken for ricefishes (Adrianichthyidae) to examine which of these two biogeographic scenarios fits better. We found that Oryzias setnai, the only adrianichthyid distributed in and endemic to the Western Ghats, a mountain range running parallel to the western coast of the Indian subcontinent, is sister to all other adrianichthyids from eastern India and Southeast-East Asia. Divergence time estimates and ancestral area reconstructions reveal that this western Indian species diverged in the late Mesozoic during the northward drift of the Indian subcontinent. These findings indicate that adrianichthyids dispersed eastward 'out-of-India' after the collision of the Indian subcontinent with Eurasia, and subsequently diversified in Southeast-East Asia. A review of geographic distributions of 'out-of-India' taxa reveals that they may have largely fuelled or modified the biodiversity of Eurasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Yamahira
- Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ansai
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryo Kakioka
- Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Hajime Yaguchi
- Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.,School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kon
- Center for Strategic Research Project, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Javier Montenegro
- Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Hirozumi Kobayashi
- Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Shingo Fujimoto
- Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kimura
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Yusuke Takehana
- Faculty of Bio-Science, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Japan
| | - Davin H E Setiamarga
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Institute of Technology, Wakayama College, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yasuoki Takami
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Rieko Tanaka
- World Medaka Aquarium, Nagoya Higashiyama Zoo and Botanical Gardens, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ken Maeda
- Marine Eco-Evo-Devo Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Hau D Tran
- Faculty of Biology, Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Noriyuki Koizumi
- Strategic Planning Headquarters, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Morioka
- Fisheries Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | - Katsutoshi Watanabe
- Division of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Sein Tun
- Inlay Lake Wildlife Sanctuary, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation, Nyaungshwe, Myanmar
| | - L K C Yun
- Inlay Lake Wildlife Sanctuary, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation, Nyaungshwe, Myanmar
| | | | - V K Anoop
- School of Ocean Science and Technology, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Kochi, India
| | - Rajeev Raghavan
- Department of Fisheries Resource Management, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Kochi, India
| | - Jun Kitano
- Ecological Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
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Bank S, Cumming RT, Li Y, Henze K, Le Tirant S, Bradler S. A tree of leaves: Phylogeny and historical biogeography of the leaf insects (Phasmatodea: Phylliidae). Commun Biol 2021; 4:932. [PMID: 34341467 PMCID: PMC8329230 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02436-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The insect order Phasmatodea is known for large slender insects masquerading as twigs or bark. In contrast to these so-called stick insects, the subordinated clade of leaf insects (Phylliidae) are dorso-ventrally flattened and therefore resemble leaves in a unique way. Here we show that the origin of extant leaf insects lies in the Australasian/Pacific region with subsequent dispersal westwards to mainland Asia and colonisation of most Southeast Asian landmasses. We further hypothesise that the clade originated in the Early Eocene after the emergence of angiosperm-dominated rainforests. The genus Phyllium to which most of the ~100 described species pertain is recovered as paraphyletic and its three non-nominate subgenera are recovered as distinct, monophyletic groups and are consequently elevated to genus rank. This first phylogeny covering all major phylliid groups provides the basis for future studies on their taxonomy and a framework to unveil more of their cryptic and underestimated diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Bank
- Department for Animal Evolution and Biodiversity, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Royce T Cumming
- Montréal Insectarium, Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Richard Gilder Graduate School, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA.
- The Graduate Center, City University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Yunchang Li
- Department for Animal Evolution and Biodiversity, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Integrative Cancer Center & Cancer Clinical Research Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Katharina Henze
- Department for Animal Evolution and Biodiversity, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Sven Bradler
- Department for Animal Evolution and Biodiversity, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Foley S, Krehenwinkel H, Cheng DQ, Piel WH. Phylogenomic analyses reveal a Gondwanan origin and repeated out of India colonizations into Asia by tarantulas (Araneae: Theraphosidae). PeerJ 2021; 9:e11162. [PMID: 33868819 PMCID: PMC8034372 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of biogeography seeks taxa that share a key set of characteristics, such as timescale of diversification, dispersal ability, and ecological lability. Tarantulas are ideal organisms for studying evolution over continental-scale biogeography given their time period of diversification, their mostly long-lived sedentary lives, low dispersal rate, and their nevertheless wide circumtropical distribution. In tandem with a time-calibrated transcriptome-based phylogeny generated by PhyloBayes, we estimate the ancestral ranges of ancient tarantulas using two methods, DEC+j and BBM, in the context of their evolution. We recover two ecologically distinct tarantula lineages that evolved on the Indian Plate before it collided with Asia, emphasizing the evolutionary significance of the region, and show that both lineages diversified across Asia at different times. The most ancestral tarantulas emerge on the Americas and Africa 120 Ma-105.5 Ma. We provide support for a dual colonization of Asia by two different tarantula lineages that occur at least 20 million years apart, as well as a Gondwanan origin for the group. We determine that their current distributions are attributable to a combination of Gondwanan vicariance, continental rafting, and geographic radiation. We also discuss emergent patterns in tarantula habitat preferences through time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saoirse Foley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Biological Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Science, Yale-NUS College, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - William H. Piel
- Department of Biological Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Science, Yale-NUS College, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Chang WJ, Li S. Thirty-one new species of the spider genus Leclercera from Southeast Asia (Araneae, Psilodercidae). Zookeys 2020; 913:1-87. [PMID: 32132849 PMCID: PMC7044255 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.913.48650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Thirty-one new species of the genus Leclercera Deeleman-Reinhold, 1995 from China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, and Thailand are described: L.mianqiusp. nov. (♂♀), L.thamsangensissp. nov. (♂♀), L.yandousp. nov. (♂♀), L.thamkaewensissp. nov. (♂♀), L.xiangbabangsp. nov. (♂♀), L.jianzuiyusp. nov. (♂♀), L.yamaensissp. nov. (♂♀), L.banensissp. nov. (♂♀), L.dumuzhousp. nov. (♀), L.suwanensissp. nov. (♂♀), L.maochongsp. nov. (♀), L.shanzisp. nov. (♀), L.duandaisp. nov. (♂♀), L.hponensissp. nov. (♂♀), L.lizisp. nov. (♂), L.xiaodaisp. nov. (♀), L.yanjingsp. nov. (♀), L.ekteenensissp. nov. (♂), L.zhamensissp. nov. (♂), L.sanjiaosp. nov. (♀), L.selasihensissp. nov. (♂♀), L.paiensissp. nov. (♀), L.yuanzhuisp. nov. (♀), L.zanggaensissp. nov. (♀), L.aniensissp. nov. (♂♀), L.renqinensissp. nov. (♂♀), L.shergylaensissp. nov. (♂♀), L.pulongensissp. nov. (♂), L.tudaosp. nov. (♂♀), L.duibaensissp. nov. (♂), and L.jiazhongensissp. nov. (♂♀). Types are deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IZCAS) in Beijing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Jin Chang
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Shuqiang Li
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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