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Barreto E, Boehm MMA, Ogutcen E, Abrahamczyk S, Kessler M, Bascompte J, Dellinger AS, Bello C, Dehling DM, Duchenne F, Kaehler M, Lagomarsino LP, Lohmann LG, Maglianesi MA, Morlon H, Muchhala N, Ornelas JF, Perret M, Salinas NR, Smith SD, Vamosi JC, Varassin IG, Graham CH. Macroevolution of the plant-hummingbird pollination system. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024. [PMID: 38705863 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Plant-hummingbird interactions are considered a classic example of coevolution, a process in which mutually dependent species influence each other's evolution. Plants depend on hummingbirds for pollination, whereas hummingbirds rely on nectar for food. As a step towards understanding coevolution, this review focuses on the macroevolutionary consequences of plant-hummingbird interactions, a relatively underexplored area in the current literature. We synthesize prior studies, illustrating the origins and dynamics of hummingbird pollination across different angiosperm clades previously pollinated by insects (mostly bees), bats, and passerine birds. In some cases, the crown age of hummingbirds pre-dates the plants they pollinate. In other cases, plant groups transitioned to hummingbird pollination early in the establishment of this bird group in the Americas, with the build-up of both diversities coinciding temporally, and hence suggesting co-diversification. Determining what triggers shifts to and away from hummingbird pollination remains a major open challenge. The impact of hummingbirds on plant diversification is complex, with many tropical plant lineages experiencing increased diversification after acquiring flowers that attract hummingbirds, and others experiencing no change or even a decrease in diversification rates. This mixed evidence suggests that other extrinsic or intrinsic factors, such as local climate and isolation, are important covariables driving the diversification of plants adapted to hummingbird pollination. To guide future studies, we discuss the mechanisms and contexts under which hummingbirds, as a clade and as individual species (e.g. traits, foraging behaviour, degree of specialization), could influence plant evolution. We conclude by commenting on how macroevolutionary signals of the mutualism could relate to coevolution, highlighting the unbalanced focus on the plant side of the interaction, and advocating for the use of species-level interaction data in macroevolutionary studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Barreto
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
| | - Mannfred M A Boehm
- Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 2212 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ezgi Ogutcen
- Department of Environment and Biodiversity, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, Salzburg, 5020, Austria
| | - Stefan Abrahamczyk
- Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plant, University of Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 170, Bonn, 53115, Germany
- State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart, Botany Department, Rosenstein 1, Stuttgart, 70191, Germany
| | - Michael Kessler
- Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, Zurich, 8008, Switzerland
| | - Jordi Bascompte
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurestrasse 190, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland
| | - Agnes S Dellinger
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, Vienna, 1030, Austria
| | - Carolina Bello
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 16, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - D Matthias Dehling
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
- Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, 25 Rainforest Walk, Clayton, 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - François Duchenne
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
| | - Miriam Kaehler
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Avenida Coronel Francisco H. dos Santos 100, Curitiba, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Laura P Lagomarsino
- Department of Biological Sciences, Shirley C. Tucker Herbarium, Louisiana State University, Life Science Annex Building A257, Baton Rouge, 70803, LA, USA
| | - Lúcia G Lohmann
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, Butantã, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
- Department of Integrative Biology, University and Jepson Herbaria, University of California, Berkeley, 1001 Valley Life Sciences Building, Berkeley, 94720-2465, CA, USA
| | - María A Maglianesi
- Escuela de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Estatal a Distancia, San José, 474-2050, Costa Rica
| | - Hélène Morlon
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, UMR 8197, 46 rue d'Ulm, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Nathan Muchhala
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri - St. Louis, St. Louis, 63121, MO, USA
| | - Juan Francisco Ornelas
- Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, A.C. (INECOL), Xalapa, Veracruz, 91073, Mexico
| | - Mathieu Perret
- Department of Plant Sciences, Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques de Genève, University of Geneva, Chem. de l'Impératrice 1, 1292 Pregny-Chambésy, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nelson R Salinas
- Pfizer Plant Research Laboratory, New York Botanical Garden, 2900 Southern Blvd., Bronx, New York City, 10458, NY, USA
| | - Stacey D Smith
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado-Boulder, 1900 Pleasant St, Boulder, 80302, CO, USA
| | - Jana C Vamosi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, T2N1N4, AB, Canada
| | - Isabela G Varassin
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Avenida Coronel Francisco H. dos Santos 100, Curitiba, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Catherine H Graham
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
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Sage RF, Gilman IS, Smith JAC, Silvera K, Edwards EJ. Atmospheric CO2 decline and the timing of CAM plant evolution. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 132:753-770. [PMID: 37642245 PMCID: PMC10799994 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS CAM photosynthesis is hypothesized to have evolved in atmospheres of low CO2 concentration in recent geological time because of its ability to concentrate CO2 around Rubisco and boost water use efficiency relative to C3 photosynthesis. We assess this hypothesis by compiling estimates of when CAM clades arose using phylogenetic chronograms for 73 CAM clades. We further consider evidence of how atmospheric CO2 affects CAM relative to C3 photosynthesis. RESULTS Where CAM origins can be inferred, strong CAM is estimated to have appeared in the past 30 million years in 46 of 48 examined clades, after atmospheric CO2 had declined from high (near 800 ppm) to lower (<450 ppm) values. In turn, 21 of 25 clades containing CAM species (but where CAM origins are less certain) also arose in the past 30 million years. In these clades, CAM is probably younger than the clade origin. We found evidence for repeated weak CAM evolution during the higher CO2 conditions before 30 million years ago, and possible strong CAM origins in the Crassulaceae during the Cretaceous period prior to atmospheric CO2 decline. Most CAM-specific clades arose in the past 15 million years, in a similar pattern observed for origins of C4 clades. CONCLUSIONS The evidence indicates strong CAM repeatedly evolved in reduced CO2 conditions of the past 30 million years. Weaker CAM can pre-date low CO2 and, in the Crassulaceae, strong CAM may also have arisen in water-limited microsites under relatively high CO2. Experimental evidence from extant CAM species demonstrates that elevated CO2 reduces the importance of nocturnal CO2 fixation by increasing the contribution of C3 photosynthesis to daily carbon gain. Thus, the advantage of strong CAM would be reduced in high CO2, such that its evolution appears less likely and restricted to more extreme environments than possible in low CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowan F Sage
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Ian S Gilman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - J Andrew C Smith
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Katia Silvera
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Erika J Edwards
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
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Yang L, Harris AJ, Wen F, Li Z, Feng C, Kong H, Kang M. Phylogenomic Analyses Reveal an Allopolyploid Origin of Core Didymocarpinae (Gesneriaceae) Followed by Rapid Radiation. Syst Biol 2023; 72:1064-1083. [PMID: 37158589 PMCID: PMC10627561 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syad029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Allopolyploid plants have long been regarded as possessing genetic advantages under certain circumstances due to the combined effects of their hybrid origins and duplicated genomes. However, the evolutionary consequences of allopolyploidy in lineage diversification remain to be fully understood. Here, we investigate the evolutionary consequences of allopolyploidy using 138 transcriptomic sequences of Gesneriaceae, including 124 newly sequenced, focusing particularly on the largest subtribe Didymocarpinae. We estimated the phylogeny of Gesneriaceae using concatenated and coalescent-based methods based on five different nuclear matrices and 27 plastid genes, focusing on relationships among major clades. To better understand the evolutionary affinities in this family, we applied a range of approaches to characterize the extent and cause of phylogenetic incongruence. We found that extensive conflicts between nuclear and chloroplast genomes and among nuclear genes were caused by both incomplete lineage sorting (ILS) and reticulation, and we found evidence of widespread ancient hybridization and introgression. Using the most highly supported phylogenomic framework, we revealed multiple bursts of gene duplication throughout the evolutionary history of Gesneriaceae. By incorporating molecular dating and analyses of diversification dynamics, our study shows that an ancient allopolyploidization event occurred around the Oligocene-Miocene boundary, which may have driven the rapid radiation of core Didymocarpinae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - A J Harris
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Fang Wen
- Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhang Autonomous Region and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 541006 Guilin, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, 1041 E. Lowell St., Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Chao Feng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Hanghui Kong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Ming Kang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
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Boyko JD, Hagen ER, Beaulieu JM, Vasconcelos T. The evolutionary responses of life-history strategies to climatic variability in flowering plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:1587-1600. [PMID: 37194450 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of annual or perennial strategies in flowering plants likely depends on a broad array of temperature and precipitation variables. Previous documented climate life-history correlations in explicit phylogenetic frameworks have been limited to certain clades and geographic regions. To gain insights which generalize to multiple lineages we employ a multi-clade approach analyzing 32 groups of angiosperms across eight climatic variables. We utilize a recently developed method that accounts for the joint evolution of continuous and discrete traits to evaluate two hypotheses: annuals tend to evolve in highly seasonal regions prone to extreme heat and drought; and annuals tend to have faster rates of climatic niche evolution than perennials. We find that temperature, particularly highest temperature of the warmest month, is the most consistent climatic factor influencing the evolution of annual strategy in flowering plants. Unexpectedly, we do not find significant differences in rates of climatic niche evolution between perennial and annual lineages. We propose that annuals are consistently favored in areas prone to extreme heat due to their ability to escape heat stress as seeds, but they tend to be outcompeted by perennials in regions where extreme heat is uncommon or nonexistent.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Boyko
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
- Michigan Institute of Data Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Eric R Hagen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Jeremy M Beaulieu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Thais Vasconcelos
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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Yang LH, Shi XZ, Wen F, Kang M. Phylogenomics reveals widespread hybridization and polyploidization in Henckelia (Gesneriaceae). ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 131:953-966. [PMID: 37177810 PMCID: PMC10332401 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hybridization has long been recognized as an important process for plant evolution and is often accompanied by polyploidization, another prominent force in generating biodiversity. Despite its pivotal importance in evolution, the actual prevalence and distribution of hybridization across the tree of life remain unclear. METHODS We used whole-genome shotgun (WGS) sequencing and cytological data to investigate the evolutionary history of Henckelia, a large genus in the family Gesneriaceae with a high frequency of suspected hybridization and polyploidization events. We generated WGS sequencing data at about 10× coverage for 26 Chinese Henckelia species plus one Sri Lankan species. To untangle the hybridization history, we separately extracted whole plastomes and thousands of single-copy nuclear genes from the sequencing data, and reconstructed phylogenies based on both nuclear and plastid data. We also explored sources of both genealogical and cytonuclear conflicts and identified signals of hybridization and introgression within our phylogenomic dataset using several statistical methods. Additionally, to test the polyploidization history, we evaluated chromosome counts for 45 populations of the 27 Henckelia species studied. KEY RESULTS We obtained well-supported phylogenetic relationships using both concatenation- and coalescent-based methods. However, the nuclear phylogenies were highly inconsistent with the plastid phylogeny, and we observed intensive discordance among nuclear gene trees. Further analyses suggested that both incomplete lineage sorting and gene flow contributed to the observed cytonuclear and genealogical discordance. Our analyses of introgression and phylogenetic networks revealed a complex history of hybridization within the genus Henckelia. In addition, based on chromosome counts for 27 Henckelia species, we found independent polyploidization events occurred within Henckelia after different hybridization events. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrated that hybridization and polyploidization are common in Henckelia. Furthermore, our results revealed that H. oblongifolia is not a member of the redefined Henckelia and they suggested several other taxonomic treatments in this genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Xi-Zuo Shi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fang Wen
- Gesneriad Conservation Center of China, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin 541006, China
| | - Ming Kang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, China
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Cui YF, Zhou P, Xiang KL, Zhang Q, Yan H, Zhang LG, Pan B, Huang YS, Guo ZY, Li ZY, Xiang XG. Plastome evolution and phylogenomics of Trichosporeae (Gesneriaceae) with its morphological characters appraisal. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1160535. [PMID: 37229102 PMCID: PMC10203511 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1160535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Trichosporeae is the largest and most taxonomically difficult tribe of Gesneriaceae due to its diverse morphology. Previous studies have not clarified the phylogenetic relationships within this tribe on several DNA markers, including the generic relationships within subtribes. Recently, plastid phylogenomics have been successfully employed to resolve the phylogenetic relationships at different taxonomic levels. In this study, plastid phylogenomics were used to explore the relationships within Trichosporeae. Eleven plastomes of Hemiboea were newly reported. Comparative analyses, phylogeny and morphological character evolution within Trichosporeae were conducted on 79 species representing seven subtribes. The Hemiboea plastomes range from 152,742 bp to 153,695 bp in length. Within Trichosporeae, the sampled plastomes range from 152,196 bp to 156,614 bp and GC content from 37.2% to 37.8%. A total of 121-133 genes were annotated in each species, including 80-91 protein-coding genes, 34-37 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. The contraction and expansion of IR borders were not detected, and gene rearrangements and inversions did not occur. The 13 hypervariable regions were proposed as the potential molecular markers for species identification. A total of 24,299 SNPs and 3,378 indels were inferred, and most of the SNPs were functionally missense and silent variations. There were 1968 SSRs, 2055 tandem repeats and 2802 dispersed repeats. The RSCU and ENC values indicated that the codon usage pattern was conserved in Trichosporeae. Both the phylogenetic frameworks based on the whole plastome and 80 CDSs were basically concordant. The sister relationships between Loxocarpinae and Didymocarpinae were confirmed, and Oreocharis was a sister group of Hemiboea with high support. The morphological characters showed a complex evolutionary pattern of Trichosporeae. Our findings may contribute to future research on genetic diversity, morphological evolutionary patterns, and conservation of the tribe Trichosporeae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Fang Cui
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecosystem Change and Biodiversity, Institute of Life Science and School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecosystem Change and Biodiversity, Institute of Life Science and School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Kun-Li Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, China
| | - Hua Yan
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecosystem Change and Biodiversity, Institute of Life Science and School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Li-Guo Zhang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecosystem Change and Biodiversity, Institute of Life Science and School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Bo Pan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, China
| | - Yu-Song Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, China
| | - Zhi-You Guo
- Qiannan Normal College for Nationalities, College of Biological Sciences and Agriculture, Duyun, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Guo Xiang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecosystem Change and Biodiversity, Institute of Life Science and School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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7
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Johnson MA. Phylogenetic and functional trait-based community assembly within Pacific Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae): Evidence for clustering at multiple spatial scales. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10048. [PMID: 37153018 PMCID: PMC10160169 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Tropical rainforest communities are often characterized by a small number of species-rich genera that contribute disproportionately to the alpha diversity in these habitats. In the Pacific Basin, there are nearly 200 species of Cyrtandra, most of which are white-flowered woody shrubs that are single-island endemics. Within these island communities, multiple Cyrtandra species are commonly observed to occur sympatrically in wet forest understories, forming swarms of what appear to be ecologically similar taxa. The aim of this study was to determine whether species of these plants are randomly assembled with respect to phylogenetic relatedness and traits that are ecologically relevant. I examined assembly patterns across three Pacific archipelagoes using a combination of 10 functional traits and a well-resolved phylogeny comprising 34 species of Cyrtandra. Coexisting species were found to be more closely related and more phenotypically similar than would be expected by chance. This pattern was observed at both regional (island) and local (site) spatial scales. The retention of phylogenetic signal in floral traits and the strong influence of these traits on the observed degree of phylogenetic clustering may indicate that generalist insect pollinators act as a biotic filter on oceanic islands, driving selection for similar floral morphology among closely related species of Pacific Cyrtandra. Phylogenetic signal was also detected in leaf size, which contributed to niche clustering at both spatial scales. Coupled with a propensity for long-distance dispersal, and the restricted distribution of Cyrtandra to rainforest understories, this finding suggests that environmental filtering along this trait axis may be more important than dispersal limitation in determining species assemblages. This study supports the theory that plant species are not randomly assembled, and instead, that niche-based processes structure biodiversity at regional and local spatial scales in diverse congeneric species assemblages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A. Johnson
- Daniel K. Inouye US Pacific Basin Agricultural Research CenterHawaiiHiloUSA
- Rancho Santa Ana Botanic GardenCAClaremontUSA
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Gesneriads, a Source of Resurrection and Double-Tolerant Species: Proposal of New Desiccation- and Freezing-Tolerant Plants and Their Physiological Adaptations. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12010107. [PMID: 36671798 PMCID: PMC9855904 DOI: 10.3390/biology12010107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Gesneriaceae is a pantropical family of plants that, thanks to their lithophytic and epiphytic growth forms, have developed different strategies for overcoming water scarcity. Desiccation tolerance or "resurrection" ability is one of them: a rare phenomenon among angiosperms that involves surviving with very little relative water content in their tissues until water is again available. Physiological responses of desiccation tolerance are also activated during freezing temperatures, a stress that many of the resurrection gesneriads suffer due to their mountainous habitat. Therefore, research on desiccation- and freezing-tolerant gesneriads is a great opportunity for crop improvement, and some of them have become reference resurrection angiosperms (Dorcoceras hygrometrica, Haberlea rhodopensis and Ramonda myconi). However, their difficult indoor cultivation and outdoor accessibility are major obstacles for their study. Therefore, this review aims to identify phylogenetic, geoclimatic, habitat, and morphological features in order to propose new tentative resurrection gesneriads as a way of making them more reachable to the scientific community. Additionally, shared and species-specific physiological responses to desiccation and freezing stress have been gathered as a stress response metabolic basis of the family.
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Plastomes of limestone karst gesneriad genera Petrocodon and Primulina, and the comparative plastid phylogenomics of Gesneriaceae. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15800. [PMID: 36138079 PMCID: PMC9500069 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19812-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Petrocodon and Primulina are two characteristic genera of Gesneriaceae that exhibit remarkable species and floral diversity, and high endemism across the Sino-Vietnamese Limestone Karsts. To better understand the evolution of limestone gesneriad plastomes, we report nine complete plastomes of seven Primulina and two Petrocodon which have never been assembled before. The newly generated plastomes range from 152,323 to 153,786 bp in size and display a typical quadripartite structure. To further explore the plastome evolution across Gesneriaceae, we assembled five additional plastomes from public reads data and incorporated 38 complete Gesneriaceae plastomes available online into comparative and phylogenomic analyses. The comparison of 52 Gesneriaceae plastomes reveals that not only Primulina and Petrocodon but all gesneriad genera analyzed are highly conserved in genome size, genome structure, gene contents, IR boundary configurations, and codon usage bias. Additionally, sliding window analyses were implemented across alignments of Primulina and Petrocodon for identifying highly variable regions, providing informative markers for future studies. Meanwhile, the SSRs and long repeats of Gesneriaceae plastomes were characterized, serving as useful data in studying population and repetitive sequence evolutions. The results of plastome phylogenetics represent a preliminary but highly resolved maternal backbone genealogy of Primulina and the Old World subtribes of Gesneriaceae.
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10
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Poulin V, Amesefe D, Gonzalez E, Alexandre H, Joly S. Testing candidate genes linked to corolla shape variation of a pollinator shift in Rhytidophyllum (Gesneriaceae). PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267540. [PMID: 35853078 PMCID: PMC9295946 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Floral adaptations to specific pollinators like corolla shape variation often result in reproductive isolation and thus speciation. But despite their ecological importance, the genetic bases of corolla shape transitions are still poorly understood, especially outside model species. Hence, our goal was to identify candidate genes potentially involved in corolla shape variation between two closely related species of the Rhytidophyllum genus (Gesneriaceae family) from the Antilles with contrasting pollination strategies. Rhytidophyllum rupincola has a tubular corolla and is strictly pollinated by hummingbirds, whereas R. auriculatum has more open flowers and is pollinated by hummingbirds, bats, and insects. We surveyed the literature and used a comparative transcriptome sequence analysis of synonymous and non-synonymous nucleotide substitutions to obtain a list of genes that could explain floral variation between R. auriculatum and R. rupincola. We then tested their association with corolla shape variation using QTL mapping in a F2 hybrid population. Out of 28 genes tested, three were found to be good candidates because of a strong association with corolla shape: RADIALIS, GLOBOSA, and JAGGED. Although the role of these genes in Rhytidophyllum corolla shape variation remains to be confirmed, these findings are a first step towards identifying the genes that have been under selection by pollinators and thus involved in reproductive isolation and speciation in this genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Poulin
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Delase Amesefe
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Gonzalez
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, Canadian Centre for Computational Genomics (C3G), McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Microbiome Research Platform, McGill Interdisciplinary Initiative in Infection and Immunity (MI4), Genome Centre, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Hermine Alexandre
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Simon Joly
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Montreal Botanical Garden, Montréal, Canada
- * E-mail:
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11
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Leimberger KG, Dalsgaard B, Tobias JA, Wolf C, Betts MG. The evolution, ecology, and conservation of hummingbirds and their interactions with flowering plants. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2022; 97:923-959. [PMID: 35029017 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The ecological co-dependency between plants and hummingbirds is a classic example of a mutualistic interaction: hummingbirds rely on floral nectar to fuel their rapid metabolisms, and more than 7000 plant species rely on hummingbirds for pollination. However, threats to hummingbirds are mounting, with 10% of 366 species considered globally threatened and 60% in decline. Despite the important ecological implications of these population declines, no recent review has examined plant-hummingbird interactions in the wider context of their evolution, ecology, and conservation. To provide this overview, we (i) assess the extent to which plants and hummingbirds have coevolved over millions of years, (ii) examine the mechanisms underlying plant-hummingbird interaction frequencies and hummingbird specialization, (iii) explore the factors driving the decline of hummingbird populations, and (iv) map out directions for future research and conservation. We find that, despite close associations between plants and hummingbirds, acquiring evidence for coevolution (versus one-sided adaptation) is difficult because data on fitness outcomes for both partners are required. Thus, linking plant-hummingbird interactions to plant reproduction is not only a major avenue for future coevolutionary work, but also for studies of interaction networks, which rarely incorporate pollinator effectiveness. Nevertheless, over the past decade, a growing body of literature on plant-hummingbird networks suggests that hummingbirds form relationships with plants primarily based on overlapping phenologies and trait-matching between bill length and flower length. On the other hand, species-level specialization appears to depend primarily on local community context, such as hummingbird abundance and nectar availability. Finally, although hummingbirds are commonly viewed as resilient opportunists that thrive in brushy habitats, we find that range size and forest dependency are key predictors of hummingbird extinction risk. A critical direction for future research is to examine how potential stressors - such as habitat loss and fragmentation, climate change, and introduction of non-native plants - may interact to affect hummingbirds and the plants they pollinate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara G Leimberger
- Forest Biodiversity Research Network, Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, 3100 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR, 97331, U.S.A
| | - Bo Dalsgaard
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, Copenhagen Ø, 2100, Denmark
| | - Joseph A Tobias
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, U.K
| | - Christopher Wolf
- Forest Biodiversity Research Network, Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, 3100 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR, 97331, U.S.A
| | - Matthew G Betts
- Forest Biodiversity Research Network, Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, 3100 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR, 97331, U.S.A
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12
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Li XQ, Xiang XG, Zhang Q, Jabbour F, Ortiz RDC, Erst AS, Li ZY, Wang W. Immigration dynamics of tropical and subtropical Southeast Asian limestone karst floras. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20211308. [PMID: 34982948 PMCID: PMC8727148 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.1308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Ex situ origins and dispersal of taxa have played important roles in the assembly of island-like biodiversity hotspots. Insular limestone karsts in Southeast Asia are hotspots of biodiversity and endemism, but the immigration processes of their unique floras are still poorly known. Here, we used Gesneriaceae as a proxy to investigate the immigration dynamics of tropical and subtropical Southeast Asian karst floras. We present the most comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the Old World gesneriads to date based on twelve loci. By estimating divergence times and reconstructing ancestral states (habitat, soil type and range), we found that immigration into subtropical Southeast Asian karst floras first occurred in the Early Miocene, with two peaks in the Early-Middle Miocene and the Pliocene-Early Pleistocene, whereas immigration into tropical Southeast Asian karsts initiated in the Late Eocene, with two peaks in the Late Oligocene and the Late Miocene. We also discover that Southeast Asian karst biodiversity comprises immigrant pre-adapted lineages and descendants from local acid soil ancestors, although niche shift from acid soil to karst in tropical Southeast Asian islands was lacking. This study advances our understanding of the historical assembly of Southeast Asian karst floras.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Guo Xiang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecosystem Change and Biodiversity, Institute of Life Science and School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuangzu Autonomous Region and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin 541006, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Florian Jabbour
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, Paris 75005, France
| | - Rosa del C. Ortiz
- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Blvd, St Louis, MO 63166-0299, USA
| | - Andrey S. Erst
- Central Siberian Botanical Garden, Russian Academy of Sciences, Zolotodolinskaya Street 101, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Zhen-Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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13
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Kong H, Condamine FL, Yang L, Harris AJ, Feng C, Wen F, Kang M. Phylogenomic and Macroevolutionary Evidence for an Explosive Radiation of a Plant Genus in the Miocene. Syst Biol 2021; 71:589-609. [PMID: 34396416 PMCID: PMC9016594 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syab068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Mountain systems harbor a substantial fraction of global biodiversity and, thus, provide excellent opportunities to study rapid diversification and to understand the historical processes underlying the assembly of biodiversity hotspots. The rich biodiversity in mountains is widely regarded as having arisen under the influence of geological and climatic processes as well as the complex interactions among them. However, the relative contribution of geology and climate in driving species radiation is seldom explored. Here, we studied the evolutionary radiation of Oreocharis (Gesneriaceae), which has diversified extensively throughout East Asia, especially within the Hengduan Mountains (HDM), using transcriptomic data and a time calibrated phylogeny for 88% (111/126) of all species of the genus. In particular, we applied phylogenetic reconstructions to evaluate the extent of incomplete lineage sorting accompanying the early and rapid radiation in the genus. We then fit macroevolutionary models to explore its spatial and diversification dynamics in Oreocharis and applied explicit birth–death models to investigate the effects of past environmental changes on its diversification. Evidence from 574 orthologous loci suggest that Oreocharis underwent an impressive early burst of speciation starting ca. 12 Ma in the Miocene, followed by a drastic decline in speciation toward the present. Although we found no evidence for a shift in diversification rate across the phylogeny of Oreocharis, we showed a difference in diversification dynamics between the HDM and non-HDM lineages, with higher diversification rates in the HDM. The diversification dynamic of Oreocharis is most likely positively associated with temperature-dependent speciation and dependency on the Asian monsoons. We suggest that the warm and humid climate of the mid-Miocene was probably the primary driver of the rapid diversification in Oreocharis, while mountain building of the HDM might have indirectly affected species diversification of the HDM lineage. This study highlights the importance of past climatic changes, combined with mountain building, in creating strong environmental heterogeneity and driving diversification of mountain plants, and suggests that the biodiversity in the HDM cannot directly be attributed to mountain uplift, contrary to many recent speculations.[East Asian monsoons; environmental heterogeneity; Hengduan Mountains; incomplete lineage sorting; Oreocharis; past climate change; rapid diversification; transcriptome.]
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanghui Kong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510650 Guangzhou, China
| | - Fabien L Condamine
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (Université de Montpellier
- CNRS
- IRD
- EPHE), Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Lihua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510650 Guangzhou, China
| | - A J Harris
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510650 Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Feng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510650 Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Wen
- Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 541006 Guilin, China
| | - Ming Kang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510650 Guangzhou, China.,Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510650 Guangzhou, China
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14
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Combining molecular and geographical data to infer the phylogeny of Lamiales and its dispersal patterns in and out of the tropics. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2021; 164:107287. [PMID: 34365014 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lamiales is one of the most intractable orders of flowering plants, with several changes in family composition, and circumscription throughout history. The order is worldwide distributed, occurring in tropical forests and frozen habitats. In this study, a comprehensive phylogeny of Lamiales was reconstructed using DNA sequences. The tree was used to infer dispersal patterns, focusing on the tropics and extratropics. Molecular and species geographic data available from public repositories were combined to address both objectives. A total of 6,910 species, and 842 genera of Lamiales were sampled using the Python tool PyPHLAWD. The tree was inferred using RAxML, and recovered a monophyletic Lamiales. All 26 families were recovered as monophyletic with high support. The families Bignoniaceae, and Plantaginaceae are remarkable examples. The first emerged as monophyletic and included tribe Jacarandeae, while the later emerged as monophyletic in its sensu lato and included both the tribes Angelonieae, and Gratioleae. Distribution points for all species were retrieved from GBIF. After filtering, 1,136,425 records were retained. Species were coded as present in extratropical or tropical environments. The in and out of the tropics dispersal patterns were inferred using a maximum likelihood approach that identifies hidden rate changes. The model recovered higher rates of transition from extratropics to tropics, estimating two rates of state transitions. When ancestral states are considered, more discrete transitions from extratropics to tropics were observed. The extratropical state was also inferred for the crown node of Lamiales and old nested nodes, revealing a rare pattern of transitions to the tropics throughout the upper Cretaceous and Tertiary. A significant phylogenetic signal was recovered for the in and out of the tropics dispersal patterns, showing that state transitions are not frequent enough to erase the effect of tree structure on the data.
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15
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Birch JL, Kocyan A. Biogeography of the monocotyledon astelioid clade (Asparagales): A history of long-distance dispersal and diversification with emerging habitats. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2021; 163:107203. [PMID: 33992785 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The astelioid families (Asteliaceae, Blandfordiaceae, Boryaceae, Hypoxidaceae, and Lanariaceae) have centers of diversity in Australasia and temperate Africa, with secondary centers of diversity in Afromontane Africa, Asia, and Pacific Islands. The global distribution of these families makes this an excellent lineage to test if current distribution patterns are the result of vicariance or long-distance dispersal and to evaluate the roles of Tertiary climatic and geological drivers in lineage diversification. Sequence data were generated from five chloroplast regions (petL-psbE, rbcL, rps16-trnK, trnL-trnLF, trnS-trnSG) for 104 ingroup species sampled across global diversity. The astelioid phylogeny was inferred using maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian inference methods. Divergence dates were estimated with a relaxed clock applied in BEAST. Ancestral ranges were reconstructed in the R package 'BioGeoBEARS' applying the corrected Akaike information criterion to test for the best-fit biogeographic model. Diversification rates were estimated in Bayesian Analysis of Macroevolutionary Mixtures (BAMM). Astelioid relationships were inferred as Boryaceae(Blandfordiaceae(Asteliaceae(Hypoxidaceae plus Lanariaceae))). The crown astelioid node was dated to the Late Cretaceous (75.2 million years; 95% highest posterior density interval 61.0-90.0 million years) and an Antarctic-Australasian origin was inferred. Astelioid speciation events have not been shaped by Gondwanan vicariance. Rather long-distance dispersal since the Eocene is inferred to account for current distributions. Crown Asteliaceae and Boryaceae have Australian ancestral ranges and diversified since the Eocene. In Hypoxidaceae, Empodium, Hypoxis, and Pauridia have African ancestral ranges, while Curculigo and Molineria have an Asian ancestral range. Diversification of Pauridia and the Curculigo clade occurred steadily, while diversification of Astelia and Hypoxis was punctuated over time. Diversification of Hypoxis and Astelia coincided temporally with the expansion of the habitat types occupied by extant taxa, e.g., grassland habitat in Africa during the Late Miocene and alpine habitat in New Zealand during the Pliocene, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne L Birch
- University of Melbourne, School of BioSciences, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Department of Botany, Honolulu, Hawai'i 96822, USA.
| | - Alexander Kocyan
- University of Zurich, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Botanical Museum, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland; University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Biodiversity Research/Systematic Botany, Maulbeerallee 2a, 14469 Potsdam, Germany.
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16
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Li S, Liao R, Xin ZB, Huang ZJ, Maciejewski S, Wen F. The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Achimenes cettoana (Gesneriaceae). MITOCHONDRIAL DNA PART B-RESOURCES 2021; 6:705-707. [PMID: 33796642 PMCID: PMC7971201 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2020.1847607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Achimenes Pers. is well known for its floral diversity and widely used in horticulture, but its phylogenetic position is still poorly understood. And most research about the complete chloroplast genome sequence focused on the Old World species; therefore, we think it is necessary to examine taxa of the New World in more detail. This study determined the complete chloroplast genome of Achimenes cettoana H.E. Moore. The cp genome was 153,011 bp in a total length containing two inverted repeats (IRs) of 25,162 bp separated by a large single-copy (LSC) region of 84,669 bp and a small single-copy (SSC) region of 18,018 bp. The whole cp genome of A. cettoana contains 112 genes, including 79 protein-coding genes, 29 tRNA genes, and four rRNA genes. This plastid genome is firstly reported in the New World Gesneriaceae, which will be a valuable resource for future studies on breeding, conservation genetics, and phylogeny of Gesneriaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, PR China.,Gesneriad Conservation Center of China, Guilin Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, PR China
| | - Rui Liao
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, Key Laboratory of State Ethnic Affairs Commission for Biological Technology, College of Life Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Zi-Bing Xin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, PR China.,Gesneriad Conservation Center of China, Guilin Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, PR China
| | - Zhang-Jie Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, PR China.,Gesneriad Conservation Center of China, Guilin Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, PR China
| | - Stephen Maciejewski
- Gesneriad Conservation Center of China, Guilin Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, PR China.,The Gesneriad Society, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Fang Wen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, PR China.,Gesneriad Conservation Center of China, Guilin Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, PR China
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17
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Wessinger CA. From pollen dispersal to plant diversification: genetic consequences of pollination mode. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:3125-3132. [PMID: 33159813 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pollinators influence patterns of plant speciation, and one intuitive hypothesis is that pollinators affect rates of plant diversification through their effects on pollen dispersal. By specifying mating events and pollen flow across the landscape, distinct types of pollinators may cause different opportunities for allopatric speciation. This pollen dispersal-dependent speciation hypothesis predicts that pollination mode has effects on the spatial context of mating events that scale up to impact population structure and rates of species formation. Here I consider recent comparative studies, including genetic analyses of plant mating events, population structure and comparative phylogenetic analyses, to examine evidence for this model. These studies suggest that highly mobile pollinators conduct greater gene flow within and among populations, compared to less mobile pollinators. These differences influence patterns of population structure across the landscape. However, the effects of pollination mode on speciation rates is less predictable. In some contexts, the predicted effects of pollen dispersal are outweighed by other factors that govern speciation rates. A multiscale approach to examine effects of pollination mode on plant mating system, population structure and rates of diversification is key to determining the role of pollen dispersal on plant speciation for model clades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn A Wessinger
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 27708, USA
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van der Niet T. Paucity of natural history data impedes phylogenetic analyses of pollinator-driven evolution. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:1201-1205. [PMID: 32786085 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Timotheüs van der Niet
- Centre for Functional Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P. Bag X01, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
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19
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Ogutcen E, Christe C, Nishii K, Salamin N, Möller M, Perret M. Phylogenomics of Gesneriaceae using targeted capture of nuclear genes. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2021; 157:107068. [PMID: 33422648 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Gesneriaceae (ca. 3400 species) is a pantropical plant family with a wide range of growth form and floral morphology that are associated with repeated adaptations to different environments and pollinators. Although Gesneriaceae systematics has been largely improved by the use of Sanger sequencing data, our understanding of the evolutionary history of the group is still far from complete due to the limited number of informative characters provided by this type of data. To overcome this limitation, we developed here a Gesneriaceae-specific gene capture kit targeting 830 single-copy loci (776,754 bp in total), including 279 genes from the Universal Angiosperms-353 kit. With an average of 557,600 reads and 87.8% gene recovery, our target capture was successful across the family Gesneriaceae and also in other families of Lamiales. From our bait set, we selected the most informative 418 loci to resolve phylogenetic relationships across the entire Gesneriaceae family using maximum likelihood and coalescent-based methods. Upon testing the phylogenetic performance of our baits on 78 taxa representing 20 out of 24 subtribes within the family, we showed that our data provided high support for the phylogenetic relationships among the major lineages, and were able to provide high resolution within more recent radiations. Overall, the molecular resources we developed here open new perspectives for the study of Gesneriaceae phylogeny at different taxonomical levels and the identification of the factors underlying the diversification of this plant group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Ogutcen
- Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève and Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 1292 Chambésy, Switzerland
| | - Camille Christe
- Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève and Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 1292 Chambésy, Switzerland
| | - Kanae Nishii
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, Scotland, UK; Kanagawa University, 2946, Tsuchiya, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa 259-1293, Japan
| | - Nicolas Salamin
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael Möller
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, Scotland, UK
| | - Mathieu Perret
- Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève and Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 1292 Chambésy, Switzerland.
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20
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de Almeida RF, van den Berg C. Biogeography of Stigmaphyllon (Malpighiaceae) and a Meta-Analysis of Vascular Plant Lineages Diversified in the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforests Point to the Late Eocene Origins of This Megadiverse Biome. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9111569. [PMID: 33203045 PMCID: PMC7696469 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the biogeography of Stigmaphyllon, the second-largest lianescent genus of Malpighiaceae, as a model genus to reconstruct the age and biogeographic history of the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest (BAF). Few studies to date have focused on the tertiary diversification of plant lineages in the BAFs, especially on Stigmaphyllon. Phylogenetic relationships for 24 species of Stigmaphyllon (18 ssp. From the Atlantic forest (out of 31 spp.), three spp. from the Amazon Rainforest, two spp. from the Caatinga biome, and a single species from the Cerrado biome) were inferred based on one nuclear DNA (PHYC) and two ribosomal DNA (ETS, ITS) regions using parsimony and Bayesian methods. A time-calibrated phylogenetic tree for ancestral area reconstructions was additionally generated, coupled with a meta-analysis of vascular plant lineages diversified in the BAFs. Our results show that: (1) Stigmaphyllon is monophyletic, but its subgenera are paraphyletic; (2) the most recent common ancestor of Stigmaphyllon originated in the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest/Caatinga region in Northeastern Brazil ca. 26.0 Mya; (3) the genus colonized the Amazon Rainforest at two different times (ca. 22.0 and 6.0 Mya), the Caatinga biome at least four other times (ca. 14.0, 9.0, 7.0, and 1.0 Mya), the Cerrado biome a single time (ca. 15.0 Mya), and the Southern Atlantic Rainforests five times (from 26.0 to 9.0 Mya); (4) a history of at least seven expansion events connecting the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest to other biomes from 26.0 to 9.0 Mya, and (5) a single dispersion event from South America to Southeastern Asia and Oceania at 22.0 Mya via Antarctica was proposed. Compared to a meta-analysis of time-calibrated phylogenies for 64 lineages of vascular plants diversified in the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforests, our results point to a late Eocene origin for this megadiverse biome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Felipe de Almeida
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Molecular Biology of Plants and Fungi Lab (LAMOL), Av. Transnordestina s/n, Novo Horizonte, Feira de Santana 44036-900, Bahia, Brazil;
- Scientifik Consultoria, Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro 25651-090, Brazil
- Correspondence:
| | - Cássio van den Berg
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Molecular Biology of Plants and Fungi Lab (LAMOL), Av. Transnordestina s/n, Novo Horizonte, Feira de Santana 44036-900, Bahia, Brazil;
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21
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Zeng Y, Wiens JJ. Species interactions have predictable impacts on diversification. Ecol Lett 2020; 24:239-248. [PMID: 33146947 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A fundamental goal of ecology is to reveal generalities in the myriad types of interactions among species, such as competition, mutualism and predation. Another goal is to explain the enormous differences in species richness among groups of organisms. Here, we show how these two goals are intertwined: we find that different types of species interactions have predictable impacts on rates of species diversification, which underlie richness patterns. On the basis of a systematic review, we show that interactions with positive fitness effects for individuals of a clade (e.g. insect pollination for plants) generally increase that clade's diversification rates. Conversely, we find that interactions with negative fitness effects (e.g. predation for prey, competition) generally decrease diversification rates. The sampled clades incorporate all animals and land plants, encompassing 90% of all described species across life. Overall, we show that different types of local-scale species interactions can predictably impact large-scale patterns of diversification and richness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Zeng
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721-0088, USA
| | - John J Wiens
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721-0088, USA
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22
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Vargas OM, Goldston B, Grossenbacher DL, Kay KM. Patterns of speciation are similar across mountainous and lowland regions for a Neotropical plant radiation (Costaceae: Costus). Evolution 2020; 74:2644-2661. [PMID: 33047821 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
High species richness and endemism in tropical mountains are recognized as major contributors to the latitudinal diversity gradient. The processes underlying mountain speciation, however, are largely untested. The prevalence of steep ecogeographic gradients and the geographic isolation of populations by topographic features are predicted to promote speciation in mountains. We evaluate these processes in a species-rich Neotropical genus of understory herbs that range from the lowlands to montane forests and have higher species richness in topographically complex regions. We ask whether climatic niche divergence, geographic isolation, and pollination shifts differ between mountain-influenced and lowland Amazonian sister pairs inferred from a 756-gene phylogeny. Neotropical Costus ancestors diverged in Central America during a period of mountain formation in the last 3 million years with later colonization of Amazonia. Although climatic divergence, geographic isolation, and pollination shifts are prevalent in general, these factors do not differ between mountain-influenced and Amazonian sister pairs. Despite higher climatic niche and species diversity in the mountains, speciation modes in Costus appear similar across regions. Thus, greater species richness in tropical mountains may reflect differences in colonization history, diversification rates, or the prevalence of rapidly evolving plant life forms, rather than differences in speciation mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar M Vargas
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, 95060.,Department of Biological Sciences, Humboldt State University, Arcata, California, 95521
| | - Brittany Goldston
- Department of Biology, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California, 93401
| | - Dena L Grossenbacher
- Department of Biology, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California, 93401
| | - Kathleen M Kay
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, 95060
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23
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Sánchez-Taborda JA, Zuluaga A, Clavijo L. A new species of Besleria (Gesneriaceae) from the Serranía El Pinche (Cauca), southwestern Colombia. PHYTOKEYS 2020; 162:71-80. [PMID: 33117071 PMCID: PMC7560508 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.162.55891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A new species of the genus Besleria (Gesneriaceae), endemic to the department of Cauca, Colombia, is described and illustrated here. The new species, Besleria santaclarensis Clavijo & Sánchez-Taborda, was discovered in the Regional Protective Forest Reserve "Serranía El Pinche", Cordillera Occidental of the Colombian Andes. B. santaclarensis is distinguished by the epedunculate inflorescences, usually in the leafless axils near the base, with up to eight orange flowers, and by the magenta calyx that covers 2/3 of the corolla.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alejandro Zuluaga
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigación Ecología y Diversidad Vegetal, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Laura Clavijo
- Grupo de Investigación Ecología y Diversidad Vegetal, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Apartado 7495, Bogotá, Colombia
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24
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Tan K, Lu T, Ren MX. Biogeography and evolution of Asian Gesneriaceae based on updated taxonomy. PHYTOKEYS 2020; 157:7-26. [PMID: 32934445 PMCID: PMC7467973 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.157.34032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Based on an updated taxonomy of Gesneriaceae, the biogeography and evolution of the Asian Gesneriaceae are outlined and discussed. Most of the Asian Gesneriaceae belongs to Didymocarpoideae, except Titanotrichum was recently moved into Gesnerioideae. Most basal taxa of the Asian Gesneriaceae are found in the Indian subcontinent and Indo-China Peninsula, suggesting Didymocarpoideae might originate in these regions. Four species diversification centers were recognized, i.e. Sino-Vietnam regions, Malay Peninsula, North Borneo and Northwest Yunnan (Hengduan Mountains). The first three regions are dominated by limestone landscapes, while the Northwest Yunnan is well-known for its numerous deep gorges and high mountains. The places with at least 25% species are neoendemics (newly evolved and narrowly endemic) which were determined as evolutionary hotspots, including Hengduan Mountains, boundary areas of Yunnan-Guizhou-Guangxi in Southwest China, North Borneo, Pahang and Terengganu in Malay Peninsula, and mountainous areas in North Thailand, North Sulawesi Island. Finally, the underlying mechanisms for biogeographical patterns and species diversification of the Asian Gesneriaceae are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Tan
- Center for Terrestrial Biodiversity of the South China Sea, College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, ChinaHainan UniversityHaikouChina
| | - Tao Lu
- Center for Terrestrial Biodiversity of the South China Sea, College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, ChinaHainan UniversityHaikouChina
| | - Ming-Xun Ren
- Center for Terrestrial Biodiversity of the South China Sea, College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, ChinaHainan UniversityHaikouChina
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25
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Chen WH, Wen F, Ren MX, Yang L, Hong X, Qiu ZJ, Shui YM. Gesneriaceae in China and Vietnam: Perfection of taxonomy based on comprehensive morphological and molecular evidence. PHYTOKEYS 2020; 157:1-5. [PMID: 32934444 PMCID: PMC7467968 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.157.56842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hong Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, CN-650201, Kunming, Yunnan Province, ChinaChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
| | - Fang Wen
- Gesneriad Conservation Center of China (GCCC) & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, CN-541006, ChinaGuangxi Institute of BotanyGuilinChina
| | - Ming-Xun Ren
- Center for Terrestrial Biodiversity of the South China Sea, College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, CN-570228, ChinaHainan UniversityHaikouChina
| | - Lihua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, CN-510650, ChinaChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Xin Hong
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Wetland Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, CN-230601, Hefei City, Anhui Province, ChinaAnhui UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Zhi-Jing Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Southern Subtropical Plant Diversity, Fairy Lake Botanical Garden, Shenzhen and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, CN-518004, ChinaShenzhen and Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenChina
| | - Yu-Min Shui
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, CN-650201, Kunming, Yunnan Province, ChinaChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
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26
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Feng C, Wang J, Wu L, Kong H, Yang L, Feng C, Wang K, Rausher M, Kang M. The genome of a cave plant, Primulina huaijiensis, provides insights into adaptation to limestone karst habitats. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 227:1249-1263. [PMID: 32274804 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Although whole genome duplication (WGD) has been suggested to facilitate adaptive evolution and diversification, the role of specific WGD events in promoting diversification and adaptation in angiosperms remains poorly understood. Primulina, a species-rich genus with > 180 species associated with limestone karst habitat, constitutes an ideal system for studying the impact of WGD events on speciation and evolutionary adaptation. We sequenced and assembled a chromosome-level genome of the cave-dwelling species P. huaijiensis to study gene family expansion and gene retention following WGDs. We provide evidence that P. huaijiensis has undergone two WGDs since the γ triplication event shared by all eudicots. In addition to a WGD shared by almost all Lamiales (L event), we identified a lineage-specific WGD (D event) that occurred in the early Miocene around 20.6-24.2 Myr ago and that is shared by almost the entire subtribe Didymocarpinae. We found that gene retentions following the D event led to gene family proliferation (e.g. WRKYs) that probably facilitated adaptation to the high salinity and drought stress in limestone karst. Our study highlights the role of lineage-specific WGD in species diversification and adaptation of plants from special habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Feng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Lingqing Wu
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hanghui Kong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Lihua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Chen Feng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Mark Rausher
- Department of Biology, Duke University, 125 Science Drive, Durham, NC, 27705, USA
| | - Ming Kang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
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27
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Guo Z, Wu Z, Xu W, Li Z, Xiang X. Paraboea dolomitica (Gesneriaceae), a new species from Guizhou, China. PHYTOKEYS 2020; 153:37-48. [PMID: 32765179 PMCID: PMC7381718 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.153.50933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Here we describe Paraboea dolomitica Z.Y. Li, X.G. Xiang & Z.Y. Guo, a new species of Gesneriaceae from Guizhou, China. Based on recent extensive observations, this new species is morphologically similar to Paraboea filipes (Hance) Burtt, in having obovate leaf blades, 1-4-flowered cymes and purplish corolla, but differs from that species by the combination of denticulate leathery leaves, sparsely brown haired peduncles, two woolly bracts, reniform anthers and two glabrous staminodes. Additionally, molecular data support this new species as a member of a clade that includes P. crassifolia, P. tetrabracteata, P. peltifolia, P. vetutina, P. dushanensis, P. dictyoneura, P xiangguiensis and P. guilinensis, but it is distinct from them in leaf position, inflorescence, penduncle, bract and capsule. The conservation status of this species is considered to be "Vulnerable" (VU) according to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyou Guo
- Qiannan Normal College for Nationalities, College of Biological Sciences and Agriculture, Duyun, 558000, ChinaCollege of Biological Sciences and AgricultureDuyunChina
| | - Zhaowen Wu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecosystem Change and Biodiversity, Institute of Life Science and School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, ChinaNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Weibin Xu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin 541006, ChinaGuangxi Institute of BotanyGuilinChina
| | - Zhenyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, ChinaInstitute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xiaoguo Xiang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecosystem Change and Biodiversity, Institute of Life Science and School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, ChinaNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
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28
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Poe S, Anderson C, Barnett J. On the Selection and Analysis of Clades in Comparative Evolutionary Studies. Syst Biol 2020; 70:190-196. [PMID: 32196114 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syaa022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Researchers commonly present results of comparative studies of taxonomic groups. In this review, we criticize the focus on named clades, usually, comparably ranked groups such as families or orders, for comparative evolutionary analyses and question the general practice of using clades as units of analysis. The practice of analyzing sets of named groups persists despite widespread appreciation that the groups we have chosen to name are based on subjective human concerns rather than objective properties of nature. We demonstrate an effect of clade selection on results in one study and present some potential alternatives to selecting named clades for analysis that are relatively objective in clade choice. However, we note that these alternatives are only partial solutions for clade-based studies. The practice of analyzing named clades obviously is biased and problematic, but its issues portend broader problems with the general approach of employing clades as units of analysis. Most clade-based studies do not account for the nonindependence of clades, and the biological insight gained from demonstrating some pattern among a particular arbitrary sample of groups is arguable. [Clades; comparative biology; taxonomic groups.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Poe
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Castetter Hall, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Christopher Anderson
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Castetter Hall, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Joseph Barnett
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Castetter Hall, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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29
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Implications of plastome evolution in the true lilies (monocot order Liliales). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2020; 148:106818. [PMID: 32294543 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The families of the monocot order Liliales exhibit highly contrasting characteristic of photosynthetic and mycoheterotrophic life histories. Although previous phylogenetic and morphological studies of Liliales have been conducted, they have not examined molecular evolution associated with this contrasting phenomenon. Here, we conduct the first comparative plastome study of all ten families of Liliales using 29 newly sequenced plastid genomes analyzed together with previously published data. We also present a phylogenetic analysis for Liliales of 78 plastid genes combined with 22 genes from all three genomes (nuclear 18S rDNA and phyC; 17 plastid genes; and mitochondrial matR, atpA, and cob). Within the newly generated phylogenetic tree of Liliales, we evaluate the ancestral state changes of selected morphological traits in the order. There are no significant differences in plastid genome features among species that show divergent characteristics correlated with family circumscriptions. However, the results clearly differentiate between photosynthetic and mycoheterotrophic taxa of Liliales in terms of genome structure, and gene content and order. The newly sequenced plastid genomes and combined three-genome data revealed Smilacaceae as sister to Liliaceae instead of Philesiaceae and Ripogonaceae. Additionally, we propose a revised familial classification system of Liliales that consists of nine families, considering Ripogonaceae a synonym of Philesiaceae. The ancestral state reconstruction indicated synapomorphies for each family of Liliales, except Liliaceae, Melanthiaceae and Colchicaceae. A taxonomic key for all nine families of Liliales is also provided.
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30
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Roberts WR, Roalson EH. Co-expression clustering across flower development identifies modules for diverse floral forms in Achimenes (Gesneriaceae). PeerJ 2020; 8:e8778. [PMID: 32201652 PMCID: PMC7071821 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic pathways involved with flower color and shape are thought to play an important role in the development of flowers associated with different pollination syndromes, such as those associated with bee, butterfly, or hummingbird pollination. Because pollination syndromes are complex traits that are orchestrated by multiple genes and pathways, the gene regulatory networks have not been explored. Gene co-expression networks provide a systems level approach to identify important contributors to floral diversification. METHODS RNA-sequencing was used to assay gene expression across two stages of flower development (an early bud and an intermediate stage) in 10 species of Achimenes (Gesneriaceae). Two stage-specific co-expression networks were created from 9,503 orthologs and analyzed to identify module hubs and the network periphery. Module association with bee, butterfly, and hummingbird pollination syndromes was tested using phylogenetic mixed models. The relationship between network connectivity and evolutionary rates (d N/d S) was tested using linear models. RESULTS Networks contained 65 and 62 modules that were largely preserved between developmental stages and contained few stage-specific modules. Over a third of the modules in both networks were associated with flower color, shape, and pollination syndrome. Within these modules, several hub nodes were identified that related to the production of anthocyanin and carotenoid pigments and the development of flower shape. Evolutionary rates were decreased in highly connected genes and elevated in peripheral genes. DISCUSSION This study aids in the understanding of the genetic architecture and network properties underlying the development of floral form and provides valuable candidate modules and genes for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wade R. Roberts
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
- Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Eric H. Roalson
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
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31
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Ogutcen E, Durand K, Wolowski M, Clavijo L, Graham C, Glauser G, Perret M. Chemical Basis of Floral Color Signals in Gesneriaceae: The Effect of Alternative Anthocyanin Pathways. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:604389. [PMID: 33381138 PMCID: PMC7767864 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.604389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Changes in floral pigmentation can have dramatic effects on angiosperm evolution by making flowers either attractive or inconspicuous to different pollinator groups. Flower color largely depends on the type and abundance of pigments produced in the petals, but it is still unclear whether similar color signals rely on same biosynthetic pathways and to which extent the activation of certain pathways influences the course of floral color evolution. To address these questions, we investigated the physical and chemical aspects of floral color in the Neotropical Gesnerioideae (ca. 1,200 spp.), in which two types of anthocyanins, hydroxyanthocyanins, and deoxyanthocyanins, have been recorded as floral pigments. Using spectrophotometry, we measured flower reflectance for over 150 species representing different clades and pollination syndromes. We analyzed these reflectance data to estimate how the Gesnerioideae flowers are perceived by bees and hummingbirds using the visual system models of these pollinators. Floral anthocyanins were further identified using high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. We found that orange/red floral colors in Gesnerioideae are produced either by deoxyanthocyanins (e.g., apigenidin, luteolinidin) or hydroxyanthocyanins (e.g., pelargonidin). The presence of deoxyanthocyanins in several lineages suggests that the activation of the deoxyanthocyanin pathway has evolved multiple times in the Gesnerioideae. The hydroxyanthocyanin-producing flowers span a wide range of colors, which enables them to be discriminated by hummingbirds or bees. By contrast, color diversity among the deoxyanthocyanin-producing species is lower and mainly represented at longer wavelengths, which is in line with the hue discrimination optima for hummingbirds. These results indicate that Gesnerioideae have evolved two different biochemical mechanisms to generate orange/red flowers, which is associated with hummingbird pollination. Our findings also suggest that the activation of the deoxyanthocyanin pathway has restricted flower color diversification to orange/red hues, supporting the potential constraining role of this alternative biosynthetic pathway on the evolutionary outcome of phenotypical and ecological diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Ogutcen
- Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève, Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Karine Durand
- Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève, Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marina Wolowski
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Laura Clavijo
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, National University of Colombia, UNAL, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Catherine Graham
- Swiss Federal Research Institute (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Gaétan Glauser
- Neuchatel Platform of Analytical Chemistry, University of Neuchatel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Mathieu Perret
- Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève, Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Mathieu Perret,
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32
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Xue B, Guo X, Landis JB, Sun M, Tang CC, Soltis PS, Soltis DE, Saunders RMK. Accelerated diversification correlated with functional traits shapes extant diversity of the early divergent angiosperm family Annonaceae. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2019; 142:106659. [PMID: 31639525 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A major goal of phylogenetic systematics is to understand both the patterns of diversification and the processes by which these patterns are formed. Few studies have focused on the ancient, species-rich Magnoliales clade and its diversification pattern. Within Magnoliales, the pantropically distributed Annonaceae are by far the most genus-rich and species-rich family-level clade, with c. 110 genera and c. 2,400 species. We investigated the diversification patterns across Annonaceae and identified traits that show varied associations with diversification rates using a time-calibrated phylogeny of 835 species (34.6% sampling) and 11,211 aligned bases from eight regions of the plastid genome (rbcL, matK, ndhF, psbA-trnH, trnL-F, atpB-rbcL, trnS-G, and ycf1). Twelve rate shifts were identified using BAMM: in Annona, Artabotrys, Asimina, Drepananthus, Duguetia, Goniothalamus, Guatteria, Uvaria, Xylopia, the tribes Miliuseae and Malmeeae, and the Desmos-Dasymaschalon-Friesodielsia-Monanthotaxis clade. TurboMEDUSA and method-of-moments estimator analyses showed largely congruent results. A positive relationship between species richness and diversification rate is revealed using PGLS. Our results show that the high species richness in Annonaceae is likely the result of recent increased diversification rather than the steady accumulation of species via the 'museum model'. We further explore the possible role of selected traits (habit, pollinator trapping, floral sex expression, pollen dispersal unit, anther septation, and seed dispersal unit) in shaping diversification patterns, based on inferences of BiSSE, MuSSE, HiSSE, and FiSSE analyses. Our results suggest that the liana habit, the presence of circadian pollinator trapping, androdioecy, and the dispersal of seeds as single-seeded monocarp fragments are closely correlated with higher diversification rates; pollen aggregation and anther septation, in contrast, are associated with lower diversification rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Xue
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, Guangdong, China; Division of Ecology & Biodiversity, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong, China
| | - X Guo
- Division of Ecology & Biodiversity, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China; Current address: State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone, Shenzhen, China
| | - J B Landis
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - M Sun
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - C C Tang
- Division of Ecology & Biodiversity, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - P S Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Biodiversity Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - D E Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Biodiversity Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - R M K Saunders
- Division of Ecology & Biodiversity, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
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Ramírez-Aguirre E, Martén-Rodríguez S, Quesada-Avila G, Quesada M, Martínez-Díaz Y, Oyama K, Espinosa-García FJ. Reproductive isolation among three sympatric Achimenes species: pre- and post-pollination components. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2019; 106:1021-1031. [PMID: 31299090 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Closely related species occurring in sympatry may experience the negative consequences of interspecific pollen transfer if reproductive isolation (RI) barriers are not in place. We evaluated the importance of pre- and post-pollination RI barriers in three sympatric species of Achimenes (Gesneriaceae), including ecogeographic, phenological, floral isolation, self-pollination, and hybrid viability (fruit and seed set). METHODS We recorded geographic distribution throughout species ranges and assessed flowering phenology and pollinator visitation at one site in central Mexico. In the greenhouse, we measured floral traits involved in RI and quantified fruit and seed set for from self, intraspecific, and interspecific crosses. RESULTS Ecogeographic barriers were important in RI, but under sympatry, phenological and floral barriers contributed more to total RI. Phenological RI varied between species and years, while floral RI was 100% effective at preventing interspecific visitation. Species showed differences in floral morphology, color, and scents associated with specialized pollination systems (A. antirrhina-hummingbirds, A. flava-bees, A. patens-butterflies); heterospecific visitation events were restricted to rare secondary pollinators. Hybrid crosses consistently yielded progeny in lower numbers than intraspecific crosses. CONCLUSIONS This study indicated that neither autogamy nor early post-pollination barriers prevent interspecific pollen flow between Achimenes species. However, floral isolation, acting through a combination of attraction and reward traits, consistently ensures specificity of the pollination system. These results suggest that selection on floral traits to reduce the costs of hybrid progeny production may have played a role in evolution or maintenance of specialized pollination systems in Achimenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erandi Ramírez-Aguirre
- Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica (LANASE), Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores (ENES), Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, C.P. 58190, México
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Unidad de Posgrado, Coordinación del Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas. Edificio D, 1º Piso. Circuito de Posgrados, Ciudad Universitaria Del., Coyoacán, C. P. 04510, México D.F
| | - Silvana Martén-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica (LANASE), Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores (ENES), Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, C.P. 58190, México
| | - Gabriela Quesada-Avila
- Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, Heredia, Costa Rica. Avenida 1, Calle 9. Apartado Postal, 86-3000
| | - Mauricio Quesada
- Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica (LANASE), Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores (ENES), Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, C.P. 58190, México
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro 8701, Morelia, Michoacán, C.P. 58190, México
| | - Yesenia Martínez-Díaz
- Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica (LANASE), Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores (ENES), Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, C.P. 58190, México
| | - Ken Oyama
- Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica (LANASE), Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores (ENES), Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, C.P. 58190, México
| | - Francisco J Espinosa-García
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro 8701, Morelia, Michoacán, C.P. 58190, México
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Kriebel R, Drew BT, Drummond CP, González‐Gallegos JG, Celep F, Mahdjoub MM, Rose JP, Xiang C, Hu G, Walker JB, Lemmon EM, Lemmon AR, Sytsma KJ. Tracking temporal shifts in area, biomes, and pollinators in the radiation of Salvia (sages) across continents: leveraging anchored hybrid enrichment and targeted sequence data. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2019; 106:573-597. [PMID: 30986330 PMCID: PMC6850103 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY A key question in evolutionary biology is why some clades are more successful by being widespread geographically, biome diverse, or species-rich. To extend understanding of how shifts in area, biomes, and pollinators impact diversification in plants, we examined the relationships of these shifts to diversification across the mega-genus Salvia. METHODS A chronogram was developed from a supermatrix of anchored hybrid enrichment genomic data and targeted sequence data for over 500 of the nearly 1000 Salvia species. Ancestral areas and biomes were reconstructed using BioGeoBEARS. Pollinator guilds were scored, ancestral pollinators determined, shifts in pollinator guilds identified, and rates of pollinator switches compared. KEY RESULTS A well-resolved phylogenetic backbone of Salvia and updated subgeneric designations are presented. Salvia originated in Southwest Asia in the Oligocene and subsequently dispersed worldwide. Biome shifts are frequent from a likely ancestral lineage utilizing broadleaf and/or coniferous forests and/or arid shrublands. None of the four species diversification shifts are correlated to shifts in biomes. Shifts in pollination system are not correlated to species diversification shifts, except for one hummingbird shift that precedes a major shift in diversification near the crown of New World subgen. Calosphace. Multiple reversals back to bee pollination occurred within this hummingbird clade. CONCLUSIONS Salvia diversified extensively in different continents, biomes, and with both bee and bird pollinators. The lack of tight correlation of area, biome, and most pollinator shifts to the four documented species diversification shifts points to other important drivers of speciation in Salvia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Kriebel
- Department of BotanyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWI53706USA
| | - Bryan T. Drew
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Nebraska at KearneyKearneyNE68849USA
| | - Chloe P. Drummond
- Department of BotanyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWI53706USA
| | | | - Ferhat Celep
- Mehmet Akif Ersoy mah. 269. cad. Urankent Prestij KonutlarıC16 Blok, No. 53DemetevlerAnkaraTurkey
| | - Mohamed M. Mahdjoub
- Research Laboratory of Ecology and EnvironmentDepartment of Environment Biological SciencesFaculty of Nature and Life SciencesUniversité de BejaiaTarga Ouzemmour06000BejaiaAlgeria
| | - Jeffrey P. Rose
- Department of BotanyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWI53706USA
| | - Chun‐Lei Xiang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East AsiaKunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan650201China
| | - Guo‐Xiong Hu
- College of Life SciencesGuizhou UniversityGuiyang550025GuizhouChina
| | | | - Emily M. Lemmon
- Department of Biological ScienceFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFL32306USA
| | - Alan R. Lemmon
- Department of Scientific ComputingFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFL32306USA
| | - Kenneth J. Sytsma
- Department of BotanyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWI53706USA
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Landis JB, Bell CD, Hernandez M, Zenil-Ferguson R, McCarthy EW, Soltis DE, Soltis PS. Evolution of floral traits and impact of reproductive mode on diversification in the phlox family (Polemoniaceae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2018; 127:878-890. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2018.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Roberts WR, Roalson EH. Phylogenomic analyses reveal extensive gene flow within the magic flowers (Achimenes). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2018; 105:726-740. [PMID: 29702729 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY The Neotropical Gesneriaceae is a lineage known for its colorful and diverse flowers, as well as an extensive history of intra- and intergeneric hybridization, particularly among Achimenes (the magic flowers) and other members of subtribe Gloxiniinae. Despite numerous studies seeking to elucidate the evolutionary relationships of these lineages, relatively few have sought to infer specific patterns of gene flow despite evidence of widespread hybridization. METHODS To explore the utility of phylogenomic data for reassessing phylogenetic relationships and inferring patterns of gene flow among species of Achimenes, we sequenced 12 transcriptomes. We used a variety of methods to infer the species tree, examine gene tree discordance, and infer patterns of gene flow. KEY RESULTS Phylogenomic analyses resolve clade relationships at the crown of the lineage with strong support. In contrast to previous analyses, we recovered strong support for several new relationships despite a significant amount of gene tree discordance. We present evidence for at least two introgression events between two species pairs that share pollinators, and suggest that the species status of Achimenes admirabilis be reexamined. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates the utility of transcriptome data for phylogenomic analyses, and inferring patterns of gene flow despite gene tree discordance. Moreover, these data provide another example of prevalent interspecific gene flow among Neotropical plants that share pollinators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wade R Roberts
- Molecular Plant Sciences Graduate Program, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, 99164-1030, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, 99164-4236, USA
| | - Eric H Roalson
- Molecular Plant Sciences Graduate Program, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, 99164-1030, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, 99164-4236, USA
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Ha YH, Kim C, Choi K, Kim JH. Molecular Phylogeny and Dating of Forsythieae (Oleaceae) Provide Insight into the Miocene History of Eurasian Temperate Shrubs. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:99. [PMID: 29459880 PMCID: PMC5807412 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Tribe Forsythieae (Oleaceae), containing two genera (Abeliophyllum and Forsythia) and 13 species, is economically important plants used as ornamentals and in traditional medicine. This tribe species occur primarily in mountainous regions of Eurasia with the highest species diversity in East Asia. Here, we examine 11 complete chloroplast genome and nuclear cycloidea2 (cyc2) DNA sequences of 10 Forsythia species and Abeliophyllum distichum using Illumina platform to provide the phylogeny and biogeographic history of the tribe. The chloroplast genomes of the 11 Forsythieae species are highly conserved, except for a deletion of about 400 bp in the accD-psaI region detected only in Abeliophyllum. Within Forsythieae species, analysis of repetitive sequences revealed a total of 51 repeats comprising 26 forward repeats, 22 palindromic repeats, and 3 reverse repeats. Of those, 19 repeats were common and 32 were unique to one or more Forsythieae species. Our phylogenetic analyses supported the monophyly of Forsythia and its sister group is Abeliophyllum using the concatenated dataset of 78 chloroplast genes. Within Forsythia, Forsythia likiangensis and F. giraldiana were basal lineages followed by F. europaea; the three species are characterized by minutely serrate or entire leaf margins. The remaining species, which are distributed in East Asia, formed two major clades. One clade included F. ovata, F. velutina, and F. japonica; they are morphologically supported by broadly ovate leaves. Another clade of F. suspensa, F. saxatilis, F. viridissima, and F. koreana characterized by lanceolate leaves (except F. suspensa which have broad ovate leaves). Although cyc2 phylogeny is largely congruent to chloroplast genome phylogeny, we find the discordance between two phylogenies in the position of F. ovata suggesting that introgression of the chloroplast genome from one species into the nuclear background of another by interspecific hybridization in East Asian Forsythia species. Molecular dating and biogeographic reconstructions suggest an origin of the Forsythieae species in East China in the Miocene. Distribution patterns in Forsythia indicated that the species were radially differentiated from East China, and the speciation of the European F. europaea was the result of both vicariance and dispersal in the late Miocene to Pliocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Ho Ha
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Changkyun Kim
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Kyung Choi
- Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, South Korea
| | - Joo-Hwan Kim
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea
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Serrano-Serrano ML, Rolland J, Clark JL, Salamin N, Perret M. Hummingbird pollination and the diversification of angiosperms: an old and successful association in Gesneriaceae. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 284:rspb.2016.2816. [PMID: 28381621 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.2816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of specific functional groups of pollinators in the diversification of angiosperms are still to be elucidated. We investigated whether the pollination shifts or the specific association with hummingbirds affected the diversification of a highly diverse angiosperm lineage in the Neotropics. We reconstructed a phylogeny of 583 species from the Gesneriaceae family and detected diversification shifts through time, inferred the timing and amount of transitions among pollinator functional groups, and tested the association between hummingbird pollination and speciation and extinction rates. We identified a high frequency of pollinator transitions, including reversals to insect pollination. Diversification rates of the group increased through time since 25 Ma, coinciding with the evolution of hummingbird-adapted flowers and the arrival of hummingbirds in South America. We showed that plants pollinated by hummingbirds have a twofold higher speciation rate compared with plants pollinated by insects, and that transitions among functional groups of pollinators had little impact on the diversification process. We demonstrated that floral specialization on hummingbirds for pollination has triggered rapid diversification in the Gesneriaceae family since the Early Miocene, and that it represents one of the oldest identified plant-hummingbird associations. Biotic drivers of plant diversification in the Neotropics could be more related to this specific type of pollinator (hummingbirds) than to shifts among different functional groups of pollinators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Liliana Serrano-Serrano
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Quartier Sorge, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Rolland
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Quartier Sorge, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - John L Clark
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, PO Box 870345, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0345, USA
| | - Nicolas Salamin
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Quartier Sorge, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mathieu Perret
- Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève and Laboratory of Plant Systematics and Biodiversity, University of Geneva, Chemin de l'Impératrice 1, 1292 Chambésy, Geneva, Switzerland
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Joly S, Lambert F, Alexandre H, Clavel J, Léveillé‐Bourret É, Clark JL. Greater pollination generalization is not associated with reduced constraints on corolla shape in Antillean plants. Evolution 2018; 72:244-260. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Joly
- Montreal Botanical Garden 4101 Sherbrooke East Montréal QC, H1X 2B2 Canada
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Département de sciences biologiquesUniversité de MontréalMontréal Canada
| | - François Lambert
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Département de sciences biologiquesUniversité de MontréalMontréal Canada
| | - Hermine Alexandre
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Département de sciences biologiquesUniversité de MontréalMontréal Canada
| | - Julien Clavel
- École Normale Supérieure, Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Research University, Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), CNRS UMR 8197, INSERM U1024, 46 rue d'Ulm F‐75005 Paris France
| | - Étienne Léveillé‐Bourret
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Département de sciences biologiquesUniversité de MontréalMontréal Canada
- Current Address: Department of BiologyUniversity of OttawaOttawa Canada
| | - John L. Clark
- Department of Biological SciencesThe University of AlabamaTuscaloosa, Alabama 35487
- Science DepartmentThe Lawrenceville SchoolLawrenceville, New Jersey U.S.A
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Alexandre H, Faure J, Ginzbarg S, Clark J, Joly S. Bioclimatic niches are conserved and unrelated to pollination syndromes in Antillean Gesneriaceae. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2017; 4:170293. [PMID: 29291050 PMCID: PMC5717624 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.170293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The study of the evolution of abiotic niches can be informative regarding the speciation drivers in a given group. Yet, two factors that could potentially affect niche evolution have seldom been addressed concomitantly, which are biotic interactions and geographical isolation. In this study, we used as a model group the Antillean plant genera Gesneria and Rhytidophyllum (Gesneriaceae) to evaluate the effect of pollinators and geographical isolation on the bioclimatic niche. These genera possess species characterized by interspecific geographical isolation in different islands and are pollinated by different pollinators. Some species are pollinated by hummingbirds, other by bats, while some are more generalists and are pollinated by pollinators from both functional groups. After describing the bioclimatic niches of plant species, we measured niche overlap for species pairs and we fitted Brownian motion and Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU) evolution models with multiple evolutionary regimes to test for an effect of pollination strategy or geographical isolation on bioclimatic niche evolution of these plants. The analysis of niche overlap between plant species, which could not be corrected for phylogenetic relationships, showed that it was significantly influenced by pollination mode and island distribution. By contrast, the best fitting evolutionary model on niche optima and tolerance was always an OU model with a unique selective regime, suggesting that neither pollination strategy nor island isolation had an important effect on bioclimatic niches at a macroevolutionary scale. Instead, we conclude that bioclimatic niches of Antillean Gesneriaceae evolved under phylogenetic conservatism and hypothesize that this macroevolutionary pattern could result from adaptation to temporally variable climates in the Antilles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermine Alexandre
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke East, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H1X2B2
| | - Julie Faure
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke East, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H1X2B2
| | - Steven Ginzbarg
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0344, USA
| | - John Clark
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0344, USA
- Science Department, The Lawrenceville School, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648-1699, USA
| | - Simon Joly
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke East, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H1X2B2
- Montreal Botanical Garden, 4101 Rue Sherbrooke E, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H1X 2B2
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Johnson MA, Clark JR, Wagner WL, McDade LA. A molecular phylogeny of the Pacific clade of Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae) reveals a Fijian origin, recent diversification, and the importance of founder events. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2017; 116:30-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Lagomarsino LP, Forrestel EJ, Muchhala N, Davis CC. Repeated evolution of vertebrate pollination syndromes in a recently diverged Andean plant clade. Evolution 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura P. Lagomarsino
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Harvard University Herbaria 22 Divinity Avenue Cambridge Massachusetts 02138
- Current Address: Department of Biology University of Missouri–St. Louis, and Missouri Botanical Garden 4500 Shaw Boulevard St. Louis Missouri 63110
| | | | - Nathan Muchhala
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri–St. Louis, Research Building One University Boulevard St. Louis Missouri 63121
| | - Charles C. Davis
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Harvard University Herbaria 22 Divinity Avenue Cambridge Massachusetts 02138
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Tripp EA, Tsai YHE. Disentangling geographical, biotic, and abiotic drivers of plant diversity in neotropical Ruellia (Acanthaceae). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176021. [PMID: 28472046 PMCID: PMC5417425 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It has long been hypothesized that biotic interactions are important drivers of biodiversity evolution, yet such interactions have been relatively less studied than abiotic factors owing to the inherent complexity in and the number of types of such interactions. Amongst the most prominent of biotic interactions worldwide are those between plants and pollinators. In the Neotropics, the most biodiverse region on Earth, hummingbird and bee pollination have contributed substantially to plant fitness. Using comparative methods, we test the macroevolutionary consequences of bird and bee pollination within a species rich lineage of flowering plants: Ruellia. We additionally explore impacts of species occupancy of ever-wet rainforests vs. dry ecosystems including cerrado and seasonally dry tropical forests. We compared outcomes based on two different methods of model selection: a traditional approach that utilizes a series of transitive likelihood ratio tests as well as a weighted model averaging approach. Analyses yield evidence for increased net diversification rates among Neotropical Ruellia (compared to Paleotropical lineages) as well as among hummingbird-adapted species. In contrast, we recovered no evidence of higher diversification rates among either bee- or non-bee-adapted lineages and no evidence for higher rates among wet or dry habitat lineages. Understanding fully the factors that have contributed to biases in biodiversity across the planet will ultimately depend upon incorporating knowledge of biotic interactions as well as connecting microevolutionary processes to macroevolutionary patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin A. Tripp
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
- Museum of Natural History, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Yi-Hsin Erica Tsai
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
- Museum of Natural History, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
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Serrano-Serrano ML, Marcionetti A, Perret M, Salamin N. Transcriptomic resources for an endemic Neotropical plant lineage (Gesneriaceae). APPLICATIONS IN PLANT SCIENCES 2017; 5:apps1600135. [PMID: 28439475 PMCID: PMC5400431 DOI: 10.3732/apps.1600135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Despite the extensive phenotypic variation that characterizes the Gesneriaceae family, there is a lack of genomic resources to investigate the molecular basis of their diversity. We developed and compared the transcriptomes for two species of the Neotropical lineage of the Gesneriaceae. METHODS AND RESULTS Illumina sequencing and de novo assembly of floral and leaf samples were used to generate multigene sequence data for Sinningia eumorpha and S. magnifica, two species endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. A total of 300 million reads were used to assemble the transcriptomes, with an average of 92,038 transcripts and 43,506 genes per species. The transcriptomes showed good quality metrics, with the presence of all eukaryotic core genes, and an equal representation of clusters of orthologous groups (COG) classifications between species. The orthologous search produced 8602 groups, with 15-20% of them annotated using BLAST tools. DISCUSSION This study provides the first step toward a comprehensive multispecies transcriptome characterization of the Gesneriaceae family. These resources are the basis for comparative analyses in this species-rich Neotropical plant group; they will also allow the investigation of the evolutionary importance of multiple metabolic pathways and phenotypic diversity, as well as developmental programs in these nonmodel species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha L. Serrano-Serrano
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Quartier Sorge, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anna Marcionetti
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Quartier Sorge, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mathieu Perret
- Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève and Laboratory of Plant Systematics and Biodiversity, University of Geneva, Chemin de l’Impératrice 1, 1292 Chambésy, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Salamin
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Quartier Sorge, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Roberts WR, Roalson EH. Comparative transcriptome analyses of flower development in four species of Achimenes (Gesneriaceae). BMC Genomics 2017; 18:240. [PMID: 28320315 PMCID: PMC5359931 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3623-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flowers have an amazingly diverse display of colors and shapes, and these characteristics often vary significantly among closely related species. The evolution of diverse floral form can be thought of as an adaptive response to pollination and reproduction, but it can also be seen through the lens of morphological and developmental constraints. To explore these interactions, we use RNA-seq across species and development to investigate gene expression and sequence evolution as they relate to the evolution of the diverse flowers in a group of Neotropical plants native to Mexico-magic flowers (Achimenes, Gesneriaceae). RESULTS The assembled transcriptomes contain between 29,000 and 42,000 genes expressed during development. We combine sequence orthology and coexpression clustering with analyses of protein evolution to identify candidate genes for roles in floral form evolution. Over 25% of transcripts captured were distinctive to Achimenes and overrepresented by genes involved in transcription factor activity. Using a model-based clustering approach we find dynamic, temporal patterns of gene expression among species. Selection tests provide evidence of positive selection in several genes with roles in pigment production, flowering time, and morphology. Combining these approaches to explore genes related to flower color and flower shape, we find distinct patterns that correspond to transitions of floral form among Achimenes species. CONCLUSIONS The floral transcriptomes developed from four species of Achimenes provide insight into the mechanisms involved in the evolution of diverse floral form among closely related species with different pollinators. We identified several candidate genes that will serve as an important and useful resource for future research. High conservation of sequence structure, patterns of gene coexpression, and detection of positive selection acting on few genes suggests that large phenotypic differences in floral form may be caused by genetic differences in a small set of genes. Our characterized floral transcriptomes provided here should facilitate further analyses into the genomics of flower development and the mechanisms underlying the evolution of diverse flowers in Achimenes and other Neotropical Gesneriaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wade R. Roberts
- Molecular Plant Sciences Graduate Program, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-1030 USA
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4236 USA
| | - Eric H. Roalson
- Molecular Plant Sciences Graduate Program, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-1030 USA
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4236 USA
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The phylogeny of Heliconia (Heliconiaceae) and the evolution of floral presentation. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2016; 117:150-167. [PMID: 27998817 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Heliconia (Heliconiaceae, order Zingiberales) is among the showiest plants of the Neotropical rainforest and represent a spectacular co-evolutionary radiation with hummingbirds. Despite the attractiveness and ecological importance of many Heliconia, the genus has been the subject of limited molecular phylogenetic studies. We sample seven markers from the plastid and nuclear genomes for 202 samples of Heliconia. This represents ca. 75% of accepted species and includes coverage of all taxonomic subgenera and sections. We date this phylogeny using fossils associated with other families in the Zingiberales; in particular we review and evaluate the Eocene fossil Ensete oregonense. We use this dated phylogenetic framework to evaluate the evolution of two components of flower orientation that are hypothesized to be important for modulating pollinator discrimination and pollen placement: resupination and erect versus pendant inflorescence habit. Our phylogenetic results suggest that the monophyletic Melanesian subgenus Heliconiopsis and a small clade of Ecuadorian species are together the sister group to the rest of Heliconia. Extant diversity of Heliconia originated in the Late Eocene (39Ma) with rapid diversification through the Early Miocene, making it the oldest known clade of hummingbird-pollinated plants. Most described subgenera and sections are not monophyletic, though closely related groups of species, often defined by shared geography, mirror earlier morphological cladistic analyses. Evaluation of changes in resupination and inflorescence habit suggests that these characters are more homoplasious than expected, and this largely explains the non-monophyly of previously circumscribed subgenera, which were based on these characters. We also find strong evidence for the correlated evolution of resupination and inflorescence habit. The correlated model suggests that the most recent common ancestor of all extant Heliconia had resupinate flowers and erect inflorescences. Finally, we note our nearly complete species sampling and dated phylogeny allow for an assessment of taxonomic history in terms of phylogenetic diversity. We find approximately half of the currently recognized species, corresponding to half of the phylogenetic diversity, have been described since 1975, highlighting the continued importance of basic taxonomic research and conservation initiatives to preserve both described and undiscovered species of Heliconia.
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Fuentes-G. JA, Housworth EA, Weber A, Martins EP. Phylogenetic ANCOVA: Estimating Changes in Evolutionary Rates as Well as Relationships between Traits. Am Nat 2016; 188:615-627. [DOI: 10.1086/688917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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