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Chilton PM, Ghare SS, Charpentier BT, Myers SA, Rao AV, Petrosino JF, Hoffman KL, Greenwell JC, Tyagi N, Behera J, Wang Y, Sloan LJ, Zhang J, Shields CB, Cooper GE, Gobejishvili L, Whittemore SR, McClain CJ, Barve SS. Age-associated temporal decline in butyrate-producing bacteria plays a key pathogenic role in the onset and progression of neuropathology and memory deficits in 3×Tg-AD mice. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2389319. [PMID: 39182227 PMCID: PMC11346541 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2389319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the gut-microbiome-brain axis are increasingly being recognized to be involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. However, the functional consequences of enteric dysbiosis linking gut microbiota and brain pathology in AD progression remain largely undetermined. The present work investigated the causal role of age-associated temporal decline in butyrate-producing bacteria and butyrate in the etiopathogenesis of AD. Longitudinal metagenomics, neuropathological, and memory analyses were performed in the 3×Tg-AD mouse model. Metataxonomic analyses showed a significant temporal decline in the alpha diversity marked by a decrease in butyrate-producing bacterial communities and a concurrent reduction in cecal butyrate production. Inferred metagenomics analysis identified the bacterial acetyl-CoA pathway as the main butyrate synthesis pathway impacted. Concomitantly, there was an age-associated decline in the transcriptionally permissive acetylation of histone 3 at lysines 9 and 14 (H3K9/K14-Ac) in hippocampal neurons. Importantly, these microbiome-gut-brain changes preceded AD-related neuropathology, including oxidative stress, tau hyperphosphorylation, memory deficits, and neuromuscular dysfunction, which manifest by 17-18 months. Initiation of oral administration of tributyrin, a butyrate prodrug, at 6 months of age mitigated the age-related decline in butyrate-producing bacteria, protected the H3K9/K14-Ac status, and attenuated the development of neuropathological and cognitive changes associated with AD pathogenesis. These data causally implicate age-associated decline in butyrate-producing bacteria as a key pathogenic feature of the microbiome-gut-brain axis affecting the onset and progression of AD. Importantly, the regulation of butyrate-producing bacteria and consequent butyrate synthesis could be a significant therapeutic strategy in the prevention and treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula M. Chilton
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
- UofL Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
- Norton Neuroscience Institute, 4915 Norton Healthcare Blvd, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Smita S. Ghare
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
- UofL Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
- Norton Neuroscience Institute, 4915 Norton Healthcare Blvd, Louisville, KY, USA
- UofL Hepatobiology COBRE, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Benjamin T. Charpentier
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
- UofL Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Anatomical Sciences & Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Scott A. Myers
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
- UofL Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Anatomical Sciences & Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Aakarsha V. Rao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
- UofL Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Joseph F. Petrosino
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology & Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kristi L. Hoffman
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology & Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John C. Greenwell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
- UofL Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Neetu Tyagi
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Jyotirmaya Behera
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Yali Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
- UofL Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Lucy J. Sloan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
- UofL Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - JingWen Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
- UofL Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Christopher B. Shields
- Norton Neuroscience Institute, 4915 Norton Healthcare Blvd, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Gregory E. Cooper
- Norton Neuroscience Institute, 4915 Norton Healthcare Blvd, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Leila Gobejishvili
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
- UofL Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
- UofL Hepatobiology COBRE, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Scott R. Whittemore
- Department of Anatomical Sciences & Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Craig J. McClain
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
- UofL Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
- UofL Hepatobiology COBRE, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Robley Rex VA Medical Center, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Shirish S. Barve
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
- UofL Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
- Norton Neuroscience Institute, 4915 Norton Healthcare Blvd, Louisville, KY, USA
- UofL Hepatobiology COBRE, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
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2
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Moldogazieva NT, Zavadskiy SP, Astakhov DV, Terentiev AA. Lipid peroxidation: Reactive carbonyl species, protein/DNA adducts, and signaling switches in oxidative stress and cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 687:149167. [PMID: 37939506 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Under the exposure of lipids to reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation proceeds non-enzymatically and generates an extremely heterogeneous mixture of reactive carbonyl species (RCS). Among them, HNE, HHE, MDA, methylglyoxal, glyoxal, and acrolein are the most studied and/or abundant ones. Over the last decades, significant progress has been achieved in understanding mechanisms of RCS generation, protein/DNA adduct formation, and their identification and quantification in biological samples. In our review, we critically discuss the advancements in understanding the roles of RCS-induced protein/DNA modifications in signaling switches to provide adaptive cell response under physiological and oxidative stress conditions. At non-toxic concentrations, RCS modify susceptible Cys residue in c-Src to activate MAPK signaling and Cys, Lys, and His residues in PTEN to cause its reversible inactivation, thereby stimulating PI3K/PKB(Akt) pathway. RCS toxic concentrations cause irreversible Cys modifications in Keap1 and IKKβ followed by stabilization of Nrf2 and activation of NF-κB, respectively, for their nuclear translocation and antioxidant gene expression. Dysregulation of these mechanisms causes diseases including cancer. Alterations in RCS, RCS detoxifying enzymes, RCS-modified protein/DNA adducts, and signaling pathways have been implicated in various cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurbubu T Moldogazieva
- Department of Pharmacology, A.P. Nelyubin Institute of Pharmacy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991, 8 Trubetskaya Street, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Sergey P Zavadskiy
- Department of Pharmacology, A.P. Nelyubin Institute of Pharmacy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991, 8 Trubetskaya Street, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Astakhov
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biodesign and Complex Systems Modelling, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991, 8 Trubetskaya Str., Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander A Terentiev
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997, 1 Ostrovityanov Street, Moscow, Russia
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Zahra KF, Lefter R, Ali A, Abdellah EC, Trus C, Ciobica A, Timofte D. The Involvement of the Oxidative Stress Status in Cancer Pathology: A Double View on the Role of the Antioxidants. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9965916. [PMID: 34394838 PMCID: PMC8360750 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9965916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen-free radicals, reactive oxygen species (ROS) or reactive nitrogen species (RNS), are known by their "double-sided" nature in biological systems. The beneficial effects of ROS involve physiological roles as weapons in the arsenal of the immune system (destroying bacteria within phagocytic cells) and role in programmed cell death (apoptosis). On the other hand, the redox imbalance in favor of the prooxidants results in an overproduction of the ROS/RNS leading to oxidative stress. This imbalance can, therefore, be related to oncogenic stimulation. High levels of ROS disrupt cellular processes by nonspecifically attacking proteins, lipids, and DNA. It appears that DNA damage is the key player in cancer initiation and the formation of 8-OH-G, a potential biomarker for carcinogenesis. The harmful effect of ROS is neutralized by an antioxidant protection treatment as they convert ROS into less reactive species. However, contradictory epidemiological results show that supplementation above physiological doses recommended for antioxidants and taken over a long period can lead to harmful effects and even increase the risk of cancer. Thus, we are describing here some of the latest updates on the involvement of oxidative stress in cancer pathology and a double view on the role of the antioxidants in this context and how this could be relevant in the management and pathology of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Fatima Zahra
- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Processes and Materials/Agri-Food and Health, Hassan First University, B.P. 539, 26000 Settat, Morocco
| | - Radu Lefter
- Center of Biomedical Research, Romanian Academy, 8th Carol I Avenue, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ahmad Ali
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Mumbai, Vidyanagari, Santacruz (East), Mumbai 400098, India
| | - Ech-Chahad Abdellah
- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Processes and Materials, Hassan First University, B.P. 539, 26000 Settat, Morocco
| | - Constantin Trus
- Department of Morphological and Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dunarea de Jos University, 800008 Galati, Romania
| | - Alin Ciobica
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, 11th Carol I Avenue, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Daniel Timofte
- Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa”, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Strada Universitatii 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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Lee HM, Kim DH, Lee HL, Cha B, Kang DH, Jeong YIL. Synergistic effect of buthionine sulfoximine on the chlorin e6-based photodynamic treatment of cancer cells. Arch Pharm Res 2019; 42:990-999. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-019-01179-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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5
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Bankoglu EE, Kodandaraman G, Stopper H. A systematic review of the use of the alkaline comet assay for genotoxicity studies in human colon-derived cells. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2019; 845:402976. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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6
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Martin OCB, Olier M, Ellero-Simatos S, Naud N, Dupuy J, Huc L, Taché S, Graillot V, Levêque M, Bézirard V, Héliès-Toussaint C, Estrada FBY, Tondereau V, Lippi Y, Naylies C, Peyriga L, Canlet C, Davila AM, Blachier F, Ferrier L, Boutet-Robinet E, Guéraud F, Théodorou V, Pierre FHF. Haem iron reshapes colonic luminal environment: impact on mucosal homeostasis and microbiome through aldehyde formation. MICROBIOME 2019; 7:72. [PMID: 31060614 PMCID: PMC6503375 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-019-0685-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization classified processed and red meat consumption as "carcinogenic" and "probably carcinogenic", respectively, to humans. Haem iron from meat plays a role in the promotion of colorectal cancer in rodent models, in association with enhanced luminal lipoperoxidation and subsequent formation of aldehydes. Here, we investigated the short-term effects of this haem-induced lipoperoxidation on mucosal and luminal gut homeostasis including microbiome in F344 male rats fed with a haem-enriched diet (1.5 μmol/g) 14-21 days. RESULTS Changes in permeability, inflammation, and genotoxicity observed in the mucosal colonic barrier correlated with luminal haem and lipoperoxidation markers. Trapping of luminal haem-induced aldehydes normalised cellular genotoxicity, permeability, and ROS formation on a colon epithelial cell line. Addition of calcium carbonate (2%) to the haem-enriched diet allowed the luminal haem to be trapped in vivo and counteracted these haem-induced physiological traits. Similar covariations of faecal metabolites and bacterial taxa according to haem-induced lipoperoxidation were identified. CONCLUSIONS This integrated approach provides an overview of haem-induced modulations of the main actors in the colonic barrier. All alterations were closely linked to haem-induced lipoperoxidation, which is associated with red meat-induced colorectal cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Océane C. B. Martin
- INRA, ToxAlim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
- ADIV, 10 Rue Jacqueline Auriol, 63039 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Maïwenn Olier
- INRA, ToxAlim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Sandrine Ellero-Simatos
- INRA, ToxAlim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Naud
- INRA, ToxAlim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Jacques Dupuy
- INRA, ToxAlim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurence Huc
- INRA, ToxAlim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Sylviane Taché
- INRA, ToxAlim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Vanessa Graillot
- INRA, ToxAlim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Mathilde Levêque
- INRA, ToxAlim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Valérie Bézirard
- INRA, ToxAlim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Cécile Héliès-Toussaint
- INRA, ToxAlim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Florence Blas Y. Estrada
- INRA, ToxAlim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Valérie Tondereau
- INRA, ToxAlim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Yannick Lippi
- INRA, ToxAlim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Claire Naylies
- INRA, ToxAlim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Cécile Canlet
- INRA, ToxAlim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Marie Davila
- INRA, UMR Physiologie de la Nutrition et du Comportement Alimentaire, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - François Blachier
- INRA, UMR Physiologie de la Nutrition et du Comportement Alimentaire, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Ferrier
- INRA, ToxAlim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Elisa Boutet-Robinet
- INRA, ToxAlim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Françoise Guéraud
- INRA, ToxAlim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Vassilia Théodorou
- INRA, ToxAlim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Fabrice H. F. Pierre
- INRA, ToxAlim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
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Yang G, Ibuki Y. α,β-Unsaturated Aldehyde-Induced Delays in Nucleotide Excision Repair and the Contribution of Reactive Oxygen Species. Chem Res Toxicol 2018; 31:145-155. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.7b00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yang
- Graduate Division of Nutritional
and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yuko Ibuki
- Graduate Division of Nutritional
and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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Eckl PM, Bresgen N. Genotoxicity of lipid oxidation compounds. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 111:244-252. [PMID: 28167130 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Lipid peroxidation, the oxidative degradation of membrane lipids by reactive oxygen species generates a large variety of breakdown products such as alkanes, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, furans and others. Due to their reactivity aldehydes (alkanals, 2-alkenals, 2,4-alkadienals, 4-hydroxyalkenals) received a lot of attention, in particular because they can diffuse from the site of formation and interact with proteins and nucleic acids thus acting as second toxic messengers. The major aldehydic peroxidation product of membrane lipids is 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE). Since HNE and other 4-hydroxyalkenals are strong alkylating agents they have therefore been considered to be the biologically most important peroxidation products. Although initially research focused on the toxicological potential of these compounds it is now well known that they play also a crucial role in cell signaling under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Thus, it is obvious that the biological effects will be determined by the intracellular concentrations which can trigger adaptation, DNA damage and cell death. This review will not cover all these aspects but will concentrate on the genotoxic properties of selected lipid oxidation products important in the context of pathophysiological developments together with a chapter on epigenetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Eckl
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstr. 34, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Nikolaus Bresgen
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstr. 34, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
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Valdés A, García-Cañas V, Koçak E, Simó C, Cifuentes A. Foodomics study on the effects of extracellular production of hydrogen peroxide by rosemary polyphenols on the anti-proliferative activity of rosemary polyphenols against HT-29 cells. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:1795-804. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Valdés
- Laboratory of Foodomics; Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC); Madrid Spain
| | - Virginia García-Cañas
- Laboratory of Foodomics; Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC); Madrid Spain
| | - Engin Koçak
- Laboratory of Foodomics; Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC); Madrid Spain
| | - Carolina Simó
- Laboratory of Foodomics; Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC); Madrid Spain
| | - Alejandro Cifuentes
- Laboratory of Foodomics; Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC); Madrid Spain
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10
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Singhal SS, Singh SP, Singhal P, Horne D, Singhal J, Awasthi S. Antioxidant role of glutathione S-transferases: 4-Hydroxynonenal, a key molecule in stress-mediated signaling. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 289:361-70. [PMID: 26476300 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
4-Hydroxy-2-trans-nonenal (4HNE), one of the major end products of lipid peroxidation (LPO), has been shown to induce apoptosis in a variety of cell lines. It appears to modulate signaling processes in more than one way because it has been suggested to have a role in signaling for differentiation and proliferation. It has been known that glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) can reduce lipid hydroperoxides through their Se-independent glutathione-peroxidase activity and that these enzymes can also detoxify LPO end-products such as 4HNE. Available evidence from earlier studies together with results of recent studies in our laboratories strongly suggests that LPO products, particularly hydroperoxides and 4HNE, are involved in the mechanisms of stress-mediated signaling and that it can be modulated by the alpha-class GSTs through the regulation of the intracellular concentrations of 4HNE. We demonstrate that 4HNE induced apoptosis in various cell lines is accompanied with c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) and caspase-3 activation. Cells exposed to mild, transient heat or oxidative stress acquire the capacity to exclude intracellular 4HNE at a faster rate by inducing GSTA4-4 which conjugates 4HNE to glutathione (GSH), and RLIP76 which mediates the ATP-dependent transport of the GSH-conjugate of 4HNE (GS-HNE). The balance between formation and exclusion promotes different cellular processes - higher concentrations of 4HNE promote apoptosis; whereas, lower concentrations promote proliferation. In this article, we provide a brief summary of the cellular effects of 4HNE, followed by a review of its GST-catalyzed detoxification, with an emphasis on the structural attributes that play an important role in the interactions with alpha-class GSTA4-4. Taken together, 4HNE is a key signaling molecule and that GSTs being determinants of its intracellular concentrations, can regulate stress-mediated signaling, are reviewed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharad S Singhal
- Department of Diabetes & Metabolic Diseases Research, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, United States.
| | - Sharda P Singh
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, and Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States
| | - Preeti Singhal
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States
| | - David Horne
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, United States
| | - Jyotsana Singhal
- Department of Diabetes & Metabolic Diseases Research, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, United States
| | - Sanjay Awasthi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, United States
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11
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Schaur RJ, Siems W, Bresgen N, Eckl PM. 4-Hydroxy-nonenal-A Bioactive Lipid Peroxidation Product. Biomolecules 2015; 5:2247-337. [PMID: 26437435 PMCID: PMC4693237 DOI: 10.3390/biom5042247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This review on recent research advances of the lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxy-nonenal (HNE) has four major topics: I. the formation of HNE in various organs and tissues, II. the diverse biochemical reactions with Michael adduct formation as the most prominent one, III. the endogenous targets of HNE, primarily peptides and proteins (here the mechanisms of covalent adduct formation are described and the (patho-) physiological consequences discussed), and IV. the metabolism of HNE leading to a great number of degradation products, some of which are excreted in urine and may serve as non-invasive biomarkers of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf J Schaur
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 33a, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Werner Siems
- Institute for Medical Education, KortexMed GmbH, Hindenburgring 12a, 38667 Bad Harzburg, Germany.
| | - Nikolaus Bresgen
- Division of Genetics, Department of Cell Biology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Peter M Eckl
- Division of Genetics, Department of Cell Biology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
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Cell death and diseases related to oxidative stress: 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) in the balance. Cell Death Differ 2013; 20:1615-30. [PMID: 24096871 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2013.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 574] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last three decades, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), a major α,β-unsaturated aldehyde product of n-6 fatty acid oxidation, has been shown to be involved in a great number of pathologies such as metabolic diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and cancers. These multiple pathologies can be explained by the fact that HNE is a potent modulator of numerous cell processes such as oxidative stress signaling, cell proliferation, transformation or cell death. The main objective of this review is to focus on the different aspects of HNE-induced cell death, with a particular emphasis on apoptosis. HNE is a special apoptotic inducer because of its abilities to form protein adducts and to propagate oxidative stress. It can stimulate intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways and interact with typical actors such as tumor protein 53, JNK, Fas or mitochondrial regulators. At the same time, due to its oxidant status, it can also induce some cellular defense mechanisms against oxidative stress, thus being involved in its own detoxification. These processes in turn limit the apoptotic potential of HNE. These dualities can imbalance cell fate, either toward cell death or toward survival, depending on the cell type, the metabolic state and the ability to detoxify.
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Go YM, Roede JR, Walker DI, Duong DM, Seyfried NT, Orr M, Liang Y, Pennell KD, Jones DP. Selective targeting of the cysteine proteome by thioredoxin and glutathione redox systems. Mol Cell Proteomics 2013; 12:3285-96. [PMID: 23946468 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m113.030437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxin (Trx) and GSH are the major thiol antioxidants protecting cells from oxidative stress-induced cytotoxicity. Redox states of Trx and GSH have been used as indicators of oxidative stress. Accumulating studies suggest that Trx and GSH redox systems regulate cell signaling and metabolic pathways differently and independently during diverse stressful conditions. In the current study, we used a mass spectrometry-based redox proteomics approach to test responses of the cysteine (Cys) proteome to selective disruption of the Trx- and GSH-dependent systems. Auranofin (ARF) was used to inhibit Trx reductase without detectable oxidation of the GSH/GSSG couple, and buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) was used to deplete GSH without detectable oxidation of Trx1. Results for 606 Cys-containing peptides (peptidyl Cys) showed that 36% were oxidized more than 1.3-fold by ARF, whereas BSO-induced oxidation of peptidyl Cys was only 10%. Mean fold oxidation of these peptides was also higher by ARF than BSO treatment. Analysis of potential functional pathways showed that ARF oxidized peptides associated with glycolysis, cytoskeleton remodeling, translation and cell adhesion. Of 60 peptidyl Cys oxidized due to depletion of GSH, 41 were also oxidized by ARF and included proteins of translation and cell adhesion but not glycolysis or cytoskeletal remodeling. Studies to test functional correlates showed that pyruvate kinase activity and lactate levels were decreased with ARF but not BSO, confirming the effects on glycolysis-associated proteins are sensitive to oxidation by ARF. These data show that the Trx system regulates a broader range of proteins than the GSH system, support distinct function of Trx and GSH in cellular redox control, and show for the first time in mammalian cells selective targeting peptidyl Cys and biological pathways due to deficient function of the Trx system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Mi Go
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
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Barrera G. Oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation products in cancer progression and therapy. ISRN ONCOLOGY 2012; 2012:137289. [PMID: 23119185 PMCID: PMC3483701 DOI: 10.5402/2012/137289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 550] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and an altered redox status are common biochemical aspects in cancer cells. ROS can react with the polyunsaturated fatty acids of lipid membranes and induce lipid peroxidation. The end products of lipid peroxidation, 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), have been considered to be a second messenger of oxidative stress.
Beyond ROS involvement in carcinogenesis, increased ROS level can inhibit tumor cell growth. Indeed, in tumors in advanced stages, a further increase of oxidative stress, such as that occurs when using several anticancer drugs and radiation therapy, can overcome the antioxidant defenses of cancer cells and drive them to apoptosis. High concentrations of HNE can also induce apoptosis in cancer cells. However, some cells escape the apoptosis induced by chemical or radiation therapy through the adaptation to intrinsic oxidative stress which confers drug resistance. This paper is focused on recent advances in the studies of the relation between oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation products, and cancer progression with particular attention to the pro-oxidant anticancer agents and the drug-resistant mechanisms, which could be modulated to obtain a better response to cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Barrera
- Department of Medicine and Experimental Oncology, University of Turin, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125 Torino, Italy
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Baumgartner A, Kurzawa-Zegota M, Laubenthal J, Cemeli E, Anderson D. Comet-assay parameters as rapid biomarkers of exposure to dietary/environmental compounds—An in vitro feasibility study on spermatozoa and lymphocytes. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2012; 743:25-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2011.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Revised: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Abstract
The intestinal tract, known for its capability for self-renew, represents the first barrier of defence between the organism and its luminal environment. The thiol/disulfide redox systems comprising the glutathione/glutathione disulfide (GSH/GSSG), cysteine/cystine (Cys/CySS) and reduced and oxidized thioredoxin (Trx/TrxSS) redox couples play important roles in preserving tissue redox homeostasis, metabolic functions, and cellular integrity. Control of the thiol-disulfide status at the luminal surface is essential for maintaining mucus fluidity and absorption of nutrients, and protection against chemical-induced oxidant injury. Within intestinal cells, these redox couples preserve an environment that supports physiological processes and orchestrates networks of enzymatic reactions against oxidative stress. In this review, we focus on the intestinal redox and antioxidant systems, their subcellular compartmentation, redox signalling and epithelial turnover, and contribution of luminal microbiota, key aspects that are relevant to understanding redox-dependent processes in gut biology with implications for degenerative digestive disorders, such as inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena L Circu
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
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Schlörmann W, Hiller B, Jahns F, Zöger R, Hennemeier I, Wilhelm A, Lindhauer MG, Glei M. Chemopreventive effects of in vitro digested and fermented bread in human colon cells. Eur J Nutr 2011; 51:827-39. [PMID: 22033853 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-011-0262-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Bread as a staple food product represents an important source for dietary fibre consumption. Effects of wheat bread, wholemeal wheat bread and wholemeal rye bread on mechanisms which could have impact on chemoprevention were analysed in colon cells after in vitro fermentation. METHODS Effects of fermented bread samples on gene expression, glutathione S-transferase activity and glutathione content, differentiation, growth and apoptosis were investigated using the human colon adenoma cell line LT97. Additionally, apoptosis was studied in normal and tumour colon tissue by determination of caspase activities. RESULTS The expression of 76 genes (biotransformation, differentiation, apoptosis) was significantly upregulated (1.5-fold) in LT97 cells. The fermented bread samples were able to significantly increase glutathione S-transferase activity (1.8-fold) and glutathione content (1.4-fold) of the cells. Alkaline phosphatase activity as a marker of differentiation was also significantly enhanced (1.7-fold). The fermented bread samples significantly inhibited LT97 cell growth and increased the level of apoptotic cells (1.8-fold). Only marginal effects on apoptosis in tumour compared to normal tissue were observed. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study which presents chemopreventive effects of different breads after in vitro fermentation. In spite of differences in composition, the results were comparable between the bread types. Nevertheless, they indicate a potential involvement of this staple food product regarding the prevention of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Schlörmann
- Department of Nutritional Toxicology, Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Dornburger Strasse 24, 07743, Jena, Germany.
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Uno K, Kato K, Kusaka G, Asano N, Iijima K, Shimosegawa T. The balance between 4-hydroxynonenal and intrinsic glutathione/glutathione S-transferase A4 system may be critical for the epidermal growth factor receptor phosphorylation of human esophageal squamous cell carcinomas. Mol Carcinog 2011; 50:781-90. [PMID: 21751261 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2010] [Revised: 09/10/2010] [Accepted: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress might participate in the carcinogenesis of human esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (hESCC). 4-Hydroxynonenal (HNE) is a major product of membrane lipid peroxidation with short life. It might act as an important mediator through the generation of adducts and activate epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling. It is mainly trapped with glutathione (GSH) and catalyzed by glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). This study aimed to elucidate the possible participation of HNE, GSH/GST system, and EGFR signaling in hESCC development. Immunohistochemistry of HNE adducts, EGFR, and phosphorylated EGFR (pEGFR) was performed with hESCC specimens. The effect of HNE on the phosphorylation of EGFR and its downstream PhospholipaseCγ1 (PLCγ1) was investigated with KYSE30 cell-line. Pretreatment with GSH inducer N-acetylcysteine (NAC) or GSH inhibitor Buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) and mandatory transfection of hGSTA4 gene in KYSE30 were conducted to investigate the relationship between HNE and GSH/GST system. Immunoreactants of HNE adducts, EGFR, and pEGFR were increased in hESCC compared to non-cancerous epithelium with positive correlations. The treatment of HNE ligand-independently induced the phosphorylation of EGFR and PLCγ1 accompanying the diminishment of intracellular GSH level. NAC increased GSH contents but BSO decreased in dose-dependent manners. Reflecting changes in GSH, HNE-induced EGFR phosphorylation was suppressed by NAC, whereas it was promoted by BSO. Mandatory expression of hGSTA4 suppressed HNE-induced events. We first demonstrated that the ligand-independent activation of EGFR by the balance between the stimulation of HNE and the prevention of intrinsic GSH/GST system might participate in the development of hESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaname Uno
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Abstract
In the past years aldose reductase (AKR1B1; AR) is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of secondary diabetic complications such as retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy and cataractogenesis. Subsequently, a number of AR inhibitors have been developed and tested for diabetic complications. Although, these inhibitors have found to be safe for human use, they have not been successful at the clinical studies because of limited efficacy. Recently, the potential physiological role of AR has been reassessed from a different point of view. Diverse groups suggested that AR besides reducing glucose, also efficiently reduces oxidative stress-generated lipid peroxidation-derived aldehydes and their glutathione conjugates. Since lipid aldehydes alter cellular signals by regulating the activation of transcription factors such as NF-kB and AP1, inhibition of AR could inhibit such events. Indeed, a wide array of recent experimental evidence indicates that the inhibition of AR prevents oxidative stress-induced activation of NF-kB and AP1 signals that lead to cell death or growth. Further, AR inhibitors have been shown to prevent inflammatory complications such as sepsis, asthma, colon cancer and uveitis in rodent animal models. The new experimental in-vitro and in-vivo data has provided a basis for investigating the clinical efficacy of AR inhibitors in preventing other inflammatory complications than diabetes. This review describes how the recent studies have identified novel plethoric physiological and pathophysiological significance of AR in mediating inflammatory complications, and how the discovery of such new insights for this old enzyme could have considerable importance in envisioning potential new therapeutic strategies for the prevention or treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota V Ramana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, 77555
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Stobiecka M, Hepel M. Effect of buried potential barrier in label-less electrochemical immunodetection of glutathione and glutathione-capped gold nanoparticles. Biosens Bioelectron 2011; 26:3524-30. [PMID: 21371877 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2011.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Revised: 01/17/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The influence of potential barriers, introduced to the immunoglobulin-based sensory films, on voltammetric signals of a redox ion probe has been investigated. Films with positive and negative barriers have been examined by depositing charged self-assembled thiol monolayers as the basal layers of a sensory film. The studies performed with monoclonal anti-glutathione antibody-based sensors using ferricyanide ion probe have shown stronger sensor response to the layer components, as well as to the glutathione-capped gold nanoparticles acting as the antigen, for films with positive potential barrier buried deep in the film than for negative barrier films. The larger changes in differential resistance, peak separation and peak heights observed for films with positive barrier have been attributed to different depth and width of the charge distributions in these films. A buried positive barrier with narrow charge distribution width provides the best conditions for film stability and prevents fouling (less ion-exchanges with the medium). This conclusion has been confirmed by calculations of the electric field distribution and potential profiles in immunosensing films performed by numerical integration of Poisson equation for Gaussian distributions of fixed charges of covalently bound components. The proposed fixed-charge model can aid in rapid evaluation of sensory films in sensor development work. The implications of potential barriers in sensory film design are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Stobiecka
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Potsdam, Potsdam, NY 13676, USA
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Siddiqui MA, Kashyap MP, Khanna VK, Yadav S, Pant AB. NGF induced differentiated PC12 cells as in vitro tool to study 4-hydroxynonenal induced cellular damage. Toxicol In Vitro 2010; 24:1681-8. [PMID: 20570720 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2010.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2009] [Revised: 05/05/2010] [Accepted: 05/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Investigations were carried out to examine the suitability of PC12 cells as an in vitro tool to examine 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE)-induced toxicity in nervous tissue. On day 8 of differentiation, markers of neural effects and oxidative stress were measured following exposure of PC12 cells to 1-50 microM 4-HNE for 1-8h. Endpoints included dopamine DA-D(2) receptor and glutathione S-transferase (GSTP1-1) protein levels, 4-HNE-protein binding, glutathione (GSH) concentrations and intracellular calcium levels. GSH levels were maximally depleted after 4h. 4-HNE also induced depletion of GSTP1-1 and increased intracellular Ca(++), with the latter seen as early as 1h after exposure. Responses at 8h were not greater than responses at earlier times. The experiments suggest that PC12 cells could be an in vitro tool for understanding toxicant-cell interactions, especially those that result in oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Siddiqui
- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
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Miene C, Klenow S, Veeriah S, Richling E, Glei M. Impact of apple polyphenols on GSTT2 gene expression, subsequent protection of DNA and modulation of proliferation using LT97 human colon adenoma cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2010; 53:1254-62. [PMID: 19753602 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200800444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Apple extract (AE) enhances expression of glutathione S-transferases (e.g., GSTT2) in human colon cells (LT97). Therefore, aim of the present study was to identify functional consequences of GSTT2 induction by AE and to determine the relation of AE effects to isolated compounds. Polyphenol composition of AE was analyzed. LT97 cells were treated with AE or synthetic polyphenol mixture (SPM) under conditions that induced GSTT2, and challenged with GSTT2-2 substrate cumene hydroperoxide (CumOOH) to determine DNA damage using comet assay. Modulation of GSTT2 expression (real-time PCR) was reassessed, and the influence on cell proliferation and pro-oxidative potential of AE and SPM were assessed to understand additional mechanisms. Induction of GSTT2 by AE was accompanied by protection of LT97 cells from CumOOH-induced genotoxicity. Although SPM was unable to reflect AE-specific bioactivity related to GSTT2 modulation and anti-genotoxicity, inhibition of LT97 cell proliferation by SPM was comparable. Storage of AE caused changes in phenolic composition along with loss of activity regarding GSTT2 induction and amplified growth inhibition. At the applied concentrations, no H(2)O(2) formation was detectable with any of the substances. AE can protect against oxidatively induced DNA damage. Nevertheless, chemopreventive effects of AE strongly depend on the specific composition, which is modified by storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Miene
- Institute for Nutrition, Department of Nutritional Toxicology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany.
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Kuiper HC, Langsdorf BL, Miranda CL, Joss J, Jubert C, Mata JE, Stevens JF. Quantitation of mercapturic acid conjugates of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal and 4-oxo-2-nonenal metabolites in a smoking cessation study. Free Radic Biol Med 2010; 48:65-72. [PMID: 19819328 PMCID: PMC2818256 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2009] [Revised: 08/29/2009] [Accepted: 10/03/2009] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The breakdown of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) under conditions of oxidative stress results in the formation of lipid peroxidation (LPO) products. These LPO products such as 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) and 4-oxo-2-nonenal (ONE) can contribute to the development of cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Conjugation with glutathione, followed by further metabolism to mercapturic acid (MA) conjugates, can mitigate the effects of these LPO products in disease development by facilitating their excretion from the body. We have developed a quantitative method to simultaneously assess levels of 4-oxo-2-nonen-1-ol (ONO)-MA, HNE-MA, and 1,4-dihydroxy-2-nonene (DHN)-MA in human urine samples utilizing isotope-dilution mass spectrometry. We are also able to detect 4-hydroxy-2-nonenoic acid (HNA)-MA, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenoic acid lactone (HNAL)-MA, and 4-oxo-2-nonenoic acid (ONA)-MA with this method. The detection of ONO-MA and ONA-MA in humans is significant because it demonstrates that HNE/ONE branching occurs in the breakdown of PUFAs and suggests that ONO may contribute to the harmful effects currently associated with HNE. We were able to show significant decreases in HNE-MA, DHN-MA, and total LPO-MA in a group of seven smokers upon smoking cessation. These data demonstrate the value of HNE and ONE metabolites as in vivo markers of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather C Kuiper
- Linus Pauling Institute and the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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Scharmach E, Hessel S, Niemann B, Lampen A. Glutathione S-transferase expression and isoenzyme composition during cell differentiation of Caco-2 cells. Toxicology 2009; 265:122-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2009.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2009] [Revised: 09/22/2009] [Accepted: 09/23/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Boateng J, Verghese M, Panala V, Walker L, Shackelfor L. Protective Effects of Rice Bran on Chemically Induced Colon Tumorigenesis may be Due to Synergistic/Additive Properties of Bioactive Components. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3923/ijcr.2009.153.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Butyrate reduces the frequency of micronuclei in human colon carcinoma cells in vitro. Toxicol In Vitro 2009; 23:1028-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2009.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2009] [Revised: 06/09/2009] [Accepted: 06/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Scharlau D, Borowicki A, Habermann N, Hofmann T, Klenow S, Miene C, Munjal U, Stein K, Glei M. Mechanisms of primary cancer prevention by butyrate and other products formed during gut flora-mediated fermentation of dietary fibre. Mutat Res 2009; 682:39-53. [PMID: 19383551 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2009.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2008] [Revised: 04/08/2009] [Accepted: 04/14/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Dietary fibres are indigestible food ingredients that reach the colon and are then fermented by colonic bacteria, resulting mainly in the formation of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) such as acetate, propionate, and butyrate. Those SCFA, especially butyrate, are recognised for their potential to act on secondary chemoprevention by slowing growth and activating apoptosis in colon cancer cells. Additionally, SCFA can also act on primary prevention by activation of different drug metabolising enzymes. This can reduce the burden of carcinogens and, therefore, decrease the number of mutations, reducing cancer risk. Activation of GSTs by butyrate has been studied on mRNA, protein, and enzyme activity level by real-time RT-PCR, cDNA microarrays, Western blotting, or photometrical approaches, respectively. Butyrate had differential effects in colon cells of different stages of cancer development. In HT29 tumour cells, e.g., mRNA GSTA4, GSTP1, GSTM2, and GSTT2 were induced. In LT97 adenoma cells, GSTM3, GSTT2, and MGST3 were induced, whereas GSTA2, GSTT2, and catalase (CAT) were elevated in primary colon cells. Colon cells of different stages of carcinogenesis differed in post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms because butyrate increased protein levels of different GST isoforms and total GST enzyme activity in HT29 cells, whereas in LT97 cells, GST protein levels and activity were slightly reduced. Because butyrate increased histone acetylation and phosphorylation of ERK in HT29 cells, inhibition of histone deacetylases and the influence on MAPK signalling are possible mechanisms of GST activation by butyrate. Functional consequences of this activation include a reduction of DNA damage caused by carcinogens like hydrogen peroxide or 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) in butyrate-treated colon cells. Treatment of colon cells with the supernatant from an in vitro fermentation of inulin increased GST activity and decreased HNE-induced DNA damage in HT29 cells. Additional animal and human studies are needed to define the exact role of dietary fibre and butyrate in inducing GST activity and reducing the risk of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Scharlau
- Institute for Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Strasse 24, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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Hamer HM, Jonkers DMAE, Bast A, Vanhoutvin SALW, Fischer MAJG, Kodde A, Troost FJ, Venema K, Brummer RJM. Butyrate modulates oxidative stress in the colonic mucosa of healthy humans. Clin Nutr 2008; 28:88-93. [PMID: 19108937 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2008.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2008] [Revised: 10/27/2008] [Accepted: 11/20/2008] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid produced by colonic microbial fermentation of undigested carbohydrates, has been implicated in the maintenance of colonic health. This study evaluates whether butyrate plays a role in oxidative stress in the healthy colonic mucosa. METHODS A randomized, double blind, cross-over study with 16 healthy volunteers was performed. Treatments consisted of daily rectal administration of a 60 ml enema containing 100 mM sodium butyrate or saline for 2 weeks. After each treatment, a blood sample was taken and mucosal biopsies were obtained from the sigmoid colon. In biopsies, the trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, activity of glutathione-S-transferase, concentration of uric acid, glutathione (GSH), glutathione disulfide and malondialdehyde, and expression of genes involved in GSH and uric acid metabolism was determined. Secondary outcome parameters were CRP, calprotectin and intestinal fatty acid binding protein in plasma and histological inflammatory scores. RESULTS Butyrate treatment resulted in significantly higher GSH (p<0.05) and lower uric acid (p<0.01) concentrations compared to placebo. Changes in GSH and uric acid were accompanied by increased and decreased expression, respectively, of their rate limiting enzymes determined by RT-PCR. No significant differences were found in other parameters. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that butyrate is able to beneficially affect oxidative stress in the healthy human colon.
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Fröhlich E, Czarnocka B, Brossart P, Wahl R. Antitumor effects of arsenic trioxide in transformed human thyroid cells. Thyroid 2008; 18:1183-93. [PMID: 19014326 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2008.0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To improve radioiodine treatment of metastasized differentiated thyroid carcinomas, substances that increase iodide uptake are needed. Many tumors are not responsive to retinoic acid as a differentiating agent. Therefore, identification of other differentiating substances is needed. Arsenic trioxide (ATO) was investigated for its potential to increase iodide uptake. METHODS The action of ATO on proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis was evaluated in follicular and papillary thyroid carcinoma cell lines. To get insight into the mode of action of ATO, coincubations with inhibitors of the phosphoinositide 3 (PI3) kinase pathway (V-Akt Murine Thymoma Viral Oncogene Homolog 1, Akt inhibitors) were performed; glutathione (GSH) levels were determined, as well as synergistic effects of ATO with inhibitors of GSH metabolism, inductors of oxidative stress. As a potential additional target of the pleiotropic action of ATO, its effect on glucose uptake was investigated. The expression of sodium iodide symporter, pendrin, phospho-Akt, and glucose transporter 1 was studied to reveal a potential effect of ATO on the transcription of specific genes. RESULTS ATO reduced proliferation, increased iodide uptake and apoptosis, and, as an additional new mechanism, decreased glucose uptake in transformed thyrocytes. The pharmacological reduction of the amount of reduced GSH was effective in enhancing the differentiating action of ATO, whereas the combination of ATO with Akt-1 inhibitors reduced cell number but did not increase differentiation. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests a new therapeutic option for postoperative treatment of radioiodine nonresponsive differentiated thyroid carcinomas.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma, Follicular/drug therapy
- Adenocarcinoma, Follicular/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma, Follicular/pathology
- Adenocarcinoma, Follicular/radiotherapy
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Arsenic Trioxide
- Arsenicals/pharmacology
- Biological Transport, Active/drug effects
- Carcinoma, Papillary/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Papillary/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Papillary/pathology
- Carcinoma, Papillary/radiotherapy
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Glucose/metabolism
- Glutathione/metabolism
- Humans
- Iodides/metabolism
- Iodine Radioisotopes/therapeutic use
- Oncogene Protein v-akt/antagonists & inhibitors
- Oxides/pharmacology
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Radiation Tolerance
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Thyroid Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Thyroid Neoplasms/metabolism
- Thyroid Neoplasms/pathology
- Thyroid Neoplasms/radiotherapy
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonore Fröhlich
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Nephrology, and Clinical Chemistry, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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30
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Falletti O, Douki T. Low Glutathione Level Favors Formation of DNA Adducts to 4-Hydroxy-2(E)-nonenal, a Major Lipid Peroxidation Product. Chem Res Toxicol 2008; 21:2097-105. [DOI: 10.1021/tx800169a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Falletti
- DSM/INAC/SCIB UMR-E3 CEA/UJF/Laboratoire “Lésions des Acides Nucléiques”, CEA-Grenoble, 17 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Thierry Douki
- DSM/INAC/SCIB UMR-E3 CEA/UJF/Laboratoire “Lésions des Acides Nucléiques”, CEA-Grenoble, 17 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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31
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Chen J, Wang L, Chen Y, Sternberg P, Cai J. Phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase pathway and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal-induced oxidative injury in the RPE. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008; 50:936-42. [PMID: 18806289 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.08-2439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) is a major lipid peroxidation product in the retina and the retinal pigment epithelium. The purpose of the present study was to investigate how NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) and phosphatidylinositol 3 (PI3K) pathways affect the responses of cultured human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells to 4-HNE. METHODS Cultured ARPE-19 cells were treated with different concentrations of 4-HNE and a PI3K inhibitor, LY294002. Intracellular glutathione (GSH) was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The transcriptional activity of Nrf2 was measured by dual luciferase assay after transient transfection with reporter plasmids. The mRNA level of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) was quantified by real-time RT-PCR. Formation of HNE adduct on heat shock cognate protein 70 (Hsc70) was measured by immunoprecipitation and Western blot analyses. RESULTS Treatment with 4-HNE increased Nrf2 activity and GSH synthesis in a dose-dependent manner in cultured RPE cells. The modulatory subunit of GCL was upregulated by 4-HNE. Antioxidant responses were largely abolished by pretreatment with LY294002. The modification of Hsc70 by 4-HNE was increased when PI3K was inhibited. CONCLUSIONS The Nrf2-dependent antioxidant response protects against 4-HNE toxicity, and this protective mechanism is dependent on the functions of the PI3K pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbin Chen
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
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32
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Beretta G, Furlanetto S, Regazzoni L, Zarrella M, Facino RM. Quenching of alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes by green tea polyphenols: HPLC-ESI-MS/MS studies. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2008; 48:606-11. [PMID: 18619756 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2008.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2008] [Revised: 05/28/2008] [Accepted: 05/29/2008] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to investigate in vitro the quenching activity of green tea polyphenols against alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehyde, using 4-hydroxy-nonenal (HNE) as prototype and HPLC-ESI-MS/MS techniques. HNE is the most abundant and genotoxic product of oxidation of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids, and is believed to be involved in the early stage of colorectal carcinogenesis on account of its genotoxic potential. Both epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG, 1.0-3.5mM), the main constituent of green tea polyphenols, and a green tea aqueous extract are able to quench HNE (50 microM) in colorectal physiomimetic conditions (10mM phosphate buffer, pH 8.0, 37 degrees C), giving rise to the formation of six diastereomeric covalent adducts at the ring A of EGCG, as indicated by their ESI-MS/MS fragmentation pathways. The specificity of the adduction positions was explained by (1)H NMR experiments. HNE quenching is pH-dependent and maximum at pH 8.0. ESI-MS analysis showed no formation of 4-hydroxy-2,3-epoxy-nonanal, or adduction of the epoxide to EGCG. This implies that too little hydrogen peroxide (1mM, 24h incubation, FOX-2 method) develops from auto-oxidation of EGCG in our aerobic experimental conditions to oxidize HNE to its corresponding epoxide, so this mechanism is not responsible for the compound's disappearance. EGCG and green tea extract also quenched acrolein, another genotoxic alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehyde, giving one predominant adduct and minor isobaric species, probably due the adduction of acrolein at different positions of the EGCG ring A. These results suggest that EGCG and green tea extract, beside the proposed mechanisms of chemoprevention that target multiple cell-signaling pathways that control cell proliferation and apoptosis in cancer cells, can also prevent protein carbonylation in the tumor tissue environment, depending on the pH of the medium surrounding the tissue, the type of tumor, the stage of dysregulation of lipid peroxidation and, finally, the stage of carcinoma development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giangiacomo Beretta
- Istituto di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica "Pietro Pratesi", Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Milan, via Mangiagalli 25, 20131 Milan, Italy.
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Kuiper HC, Miranda CL, Sowell JD, Stevens JF. Mercapturic acid conjugates of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal and 4-oxo-2-nonenal metabolites are in vivo markers of oxidative stress. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:17131-8. [PMID: 18442969 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m802797200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress-induced lipid peroxidation leads to the formation of cytotoxic and genotoxic 2-alkenals, such as 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) and 4-oxo-2-nonenal (ONE). Lipid-derived reactive aldehydes are subject to phase-2 metabolism and are predominantly found as mercapturic acid (MA) conjugates in urine. This study shows evidence for the in vivo formation of ONE and its phase-1 metabolites, 4-oxo-2-nonen-1-ol (ONO) and 4-oxo-2-nonenoic acid (ONA). We have detected the MA conjugates of HNE, 1,4-dihydroxy-2-nonene (DHN), 4-hydroxy-2-nonenoic acid (HNA), the lactone of HNA, ONE, ONO, and ONA in rat urine by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry comparison with synthetic standards prepared in our laboratory. CCl(4) treatment of rats, a widely accepted animal model of acute oxidative stress, resulted in a significant increase in the urinary levels of DHN-MA, HNA-MA lactone, ONE-MA, and ONA-MA. Our data suggest that conjugates of HNE and ONE metabolites have value as markers of in vivo oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather C Kuiper
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis Oregon 97331, USA
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34
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Warnakulasuriya S, Parkkila S, Nagao T, Preedy VR, Pasanen M, Koivisto H, Niemelä O. Demonstration of ethanol-induced protein adducts in oral leukoplakia (pre-cancer) and cancer. J Oral Pathol Med 2008; 37:157-65. [PMID: 18251940 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2007.00605.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive alcohol consumption is a common cause for upper gastrointestinal tract cancers. However, the primary mechanisms of alcohol-induced carcinogenesis have remained poorly defined. METHOD We examined the generation and subcellular distribution of protein adducts with acetaldehyde (AA), the first metabolite of ethanol, and end products of lipid peroxidation, malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), from oral biopsy specimens obtained from 36 subjects (11 British, 25 Japanese) reporting alcohol misuse. All patients had been diagnosed with oral pre-cancer (leukoplakia, n = 7) or squamous cell carcinoma (SCC; n = 29). Automated immunostaining for AA, MDA and HNE adducts was performed using monospecific antibodies. RESULTS Positive staining for AA, MDA and HNE adducts was observed in the dysplastic or malignant epithelial cells, HNE being relatively the most abundant adduct species. The subgroup of Japanese patients had higher levels of AA and MDA, although not HNE, than the British sample. When the material was divided to those with SCC or leukoplakia, MDA adducts but not the other antigens were more prominent in the former group. Significant correlations were found between the different adducts (AA vs. MDA, r = 0.68, P < 0.001; AA vs. HNE, r = 0.47, P < 0.01 and MDA vs. HNE, r = 0.59, P < 0.001). In addition, cytochrome P450 2E1 staining was found in these samples, correlating with both AA and MDA adducts. CONCLUSION The data indicates that AA- and lipid peroxidation-derived adducts are formed in oral tissues of alcohol misusers with oral leukoplakia and cancer. The findings also support a pathogenic role of AA and excessive oxidative stress in carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Warnakulasuriya
- Department of Oral Medicine, King's College London Dental Institute at Guy's, King's & St Thomas' Hospitals, WHO Collaborating Centre for Oral Cancer and Precancer, London, UK
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35
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Veeriah S, Miene C, Habermann N, Hofmann T, Klenow S, Sauer J, Böhmer F, Wölfl S, Pool-Zobel BL. Apple polyphenols modulate expression of selected genes related to toxicological defence and stress response in human colon adenoma cells. Int J Cancer 2008; 122:2647-55. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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36
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Yadav UCS, Ramana KV, Awasthi YC, Srivastava SK. Glutathione level regulates HNE-induced genotoxicity in human erythroleukemia cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2007; 227:257-64. [PMID: 18096195 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2007.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2007] [Revised: 10/24/2007] [Accepted: 10/31/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
4-hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal (HNE) is one of the most abundant and toxic lipid aldehydes formed during lipid peroxidation by reactive oxygen species. We have investigated the genotoxic effects of HNE and its regulation by cellular glutathione (GSH) levels in human erythroleukemia (K562) cells. Incubation of K562 cells with HNE (5-10 microM) significantly elicited a 3- to 5-fold increased DNA damage in a time- and dose-dependent manner as measured by comet assay. Depletion of GSH in cells by L-buthionine-[S,R]-sulfoximine (BSO) significantly increased HNE-induced DNA damage, whereas supplementation of GSH by incubating the cells with GSH-ethyl ester significantly decreased HNE-induced genotoxicity. Further, overexpression of mGSTA4-4, a HNE-detoxifying GST isozyme, significantly prevented HNE-induced DNA damage in cells, and ablation of GSTA4-4 and aldose reductase with respective siRNAs further augmented HNE-induced DNA damage. These results suggest that the genotoxicity of HNE is highly dependent on cellular GSH/GST/AR levels and favorable modulation of the aldehyde detoxification system may help in controlling the oxidative stress-induced complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh C S Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555-0647, USA
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Ranganna K, Mathew OP, Yatsu FM, Yousefipour Z, Hayes BE, Milton SG. Involvement of glutathione/glutathione S-transferase antioxidant system in butyrate-inhibited vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. FEBS J 2007; 274:5962-78. [PMID: 17961182 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.06119.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation is an important etiological factor in vascular proliferative diseases such as primary atherosclerosis, hypertension, arterial and in-stent restenosis, and transplant vasculopathy. Our studies established that butyrate, a bacterial fermentation product of dietary fiber and a chromatin modulator, is a potent inhibitor of VSMC proliferation. The cardiovascular health benefits of a high-fiber diet, the principle source of butyrate in the body, have been known for a long time, however, very little is known about the antiatherogenic potential of butyrate. Because oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, we examined involvement of the glutathione/glutathione S-transferase (GST) antioxidant system in butyrate's inhibition of VSMC proliferation. Treatment of proliferating VSMCs with butyrate leads to the induction of several GSTs. Interestingly, our study also demonstrated the nuclear localization of GST-P1 (GST-7-7), which is considered to be a cytosolic protein; this was demonstrated using immunostaining and was corroborated by western blotting. Also, the butyrate-induced antiproliferative action, and the induction of GST-P1 and its nuclear localization are downregulated when butyrate is withdrawn. Furthermore, assessment of intracellular glutathione levels reveals their augmentation by butyrate. Conversely, butyrate treatment reduces the levels of reactive oxygen species in VSMCs. Collectively, the butyrate-treatment-related increase in glutathione content, the reduction in reactive oxygen species, the upregulation of GST and the nuclear localization of GST-P1 in growth-arrested VSMCs imply that butyrate's antiproliferative action involves modulation of the cellular redox state. Thus, induction of the glutathione/GST antioxidant system appears to have other regulatory role(s) besides detoxification and regulation of the cellular redox state, for example, cell-cycle control and cell proliferation, which are both critical to atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasturi Ranganna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX 77004, USA.
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Falletti O, Cadet J, Favier A, Douki T. Trapping of 4-hydroxynonenal by glutathione efficiently prevents formation of DNA adducts in human cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2007; 42:1258-69. [PMID: 17382206 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2006] [Revised: 12/15/2006] [Accepted: 01/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), one of the main breakdown products of lipid peroxides, has been shown to react with DNA yielding a 1,N2-propano adduct to 2'-deoxyguanosine. However, HNE may also react with a wide range of biomolecules before reaching the nucleus. Glutathione (GSH), the most abundant cellular thiol-containing peptide, is likely to be a major cytosolic target for HNE because of its high reactivity and its implication in the detoxification of this aldehyde. In order to estimate the proportion of HNE actually reaching DNA in human THP1 monocytes, we designed an experimental protocol aimed at quantifying DNA adducts and HNE-GSH in the same sample of cells exposed to extracellularly added HNE. Reverse-phase HPLC associated with tandem mass spectrometry detection was used as the analytical tool. It was first observed that, once produced, the HNE-GSH conjugate was very efficiently excreted from the cells into the culture medium. More strikingly, we determined that the amount of HNE-GSH conjugate produced was 4 orders of magnitude higher than that of DNA adduct. These results emphasize the major role played by glutathione in the protection of DNA against electrophilic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Falletti
- Laboratoire Lésions des Acides Nucléiques, Service de Chimie Inorganique et Biologique, UMR-E3 CEA-UJF, Département de Recherche Fondamentale sur la Matière Condensée, Grenoble, France
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Hofmann T, Liegibel U, Winterhalter P, Bub A, Rechkemmer G, Pool-Zobel BL. Intervention with polyphenol-rich fruit juices results in an elevation of glutathioneS-transferase P1 (hGSTP1) protein expression in human leucocytes of healthy volunteers. Mol Nutr Food Res 2006; 50:1191-200. [PMID: 17131458 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200600177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Polyphenols are probably antigenotoxic on account of their antioxidant activities and might alter phase I and II enzymes in a way that results in chemoprotection. We investigated the hypothesis that polyphenols enhance expression of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), which increases carcinogen detoxification and thereby provides protection against oxidative stress. HGSTP1 protein expression and GST polymorphisms were determined in leucocytes obtained during an intervention study with healthy subjects consuming two fruit juices in an 8 wk trial (polyphenol-free run in phase, juice intervention phase, washout phase, second juice intervention phase, each treatment regime lasted for 2 wk). The study had originally shown that juice intervention significantly reduced oxidative DNA damage in leucocytes at week 8 (Bub, A., Watzl, B., Blockhaus, M., Briviba, K. et al., J. Nutr. Biochem. 2003, 14, 90-98). We reanalysed the levels of DNA damage based on GST genotypes. We also treated leucocytes in vitro with mixtures of polyphenols and determined cytotoxicity and expression of 96 genes related to drug metabolism. Key results with leucocytes of the intervention study were that the initial content of hGSTP1 protein was first suppressed at weeks 4 and 6. At week 8, however, hGSTP1 protein expression was significantly increased. HGSTP1 protein levels and DNA damage were inversely correlated (p = 0.005), but there was no difference for cells obtained from subjects with hGSTM1*1 and hGSTM1*0 genotypes, nor was there any difference between cells from subjects consuming the two different juices. The treatment of leucocytes with polyphenol mixtures in vitro did not result in modulated GST gene expression or total GST activity, but in an up-regulation of other biotransformation enzymes (e. g., members of the cytochrome P450 and the sulphotransferase family). In conclusion, in vitro treatment of leucocytes led to a modulated mRNA expression of selected genes, not directly related to oxidative defence systems. In vivo, however, we observed a delayed enhancement of hGSTP1, which could be associated with an initial repression of oxidative DNA damage in leucocytes from human subjects, consuming juices with high levels of polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hofmann
- Department of Nutritional Toxicology, Institute for Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany
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Boyd LA, McCann MJ, Hashim Y, Bennett RN, Gill CIR, Rowland IR. Assessment of the Anti-Genotoxic, Anti-Proliferative, and Anti-Metastatic Potential of Crude Watercress Extract in Human Colon Cancer Cells. Nutr Cancer 2006; 55:232-41. [PMID: 17044779 DOI: 10.1207/s15327914nc5502_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Although it is known to be a rich source of the putative anti-cancer chemicals isothiocyanates, watercress has not been extensively studied for its cancer preventing properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential chemoprotective effects of crude watercress extract toward three important stages in the carcinogenic process, namely initiation, proliferation, and metastasis (invasion) using established in vitro models. HT29 cells were used to investigate the protective effects of the extract on DNA damage and the cell cycle. The extract was not genotoxic but inhibited DNA damage induced by two of the three genotoxins used, namely hydrogen peroxide and fecal water, indicating the potential to inhibit initiation. It also caused an accumulation of cells in the S phase of the cell cycle indicating (possible) cell cycle delay at this stage. The extract was shown to significantly inhibit invasion of HT115 cells through matrigel. Component analysis was also carried out in an attempt to determine the major phytochemicals present in both watercress leaves and the crude extract. In conclusion, the watercress extract proved to be significantly protective against the three stages of the carcinogenesis process investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay A Boyd
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, Centre for Molecualr Biosciences, University of Ulster, Northern Ireland.
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Glei M, Hofmann T, Küster K, Hollmann J, Lindhauer MG, Pool-Zobel BL. Both wheat (Triticum aestivum) bran arabinoxylans and gut flora-mediated fermentation products protect human colon cells from genotoxic activities of 4-hydroxynonenal and hydrogen peroxide. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2006; 54:2088-95. [PMID: 16536580 DOI: 10.1021/jf052768e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Dietary fibers are fermented by the gut flora to yield short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which inhibit the growth of tumor cells, induce glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), and protect cells from the genotoxic activity of 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE). Here, we investigated effects of wheat bran-derived arabinoxylans and fermentation products on these parameters of chemoprevention. Newly isolated water extractable (WeAx) and alkali extractable arabinoxylans (AeAx) were fermented under anaerobic conditions with human feces. Resulting fermentation supernatants (FSs) were analyzed for SCFAs and used to treat HT29 colon cancer cells. Cell growth, cytotoxicity, antigenotoxicity against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or HNE, and GST activity were determined. Nonfermented WeAx decreased H2O2-induced DNA damage by 64%, thus demonstrating chemoprotective properties by this nonfermented wheat bran fiber. The fermentation of WeAx and AeAx resulted in 3-fold increases of SCFA, but all FSs (including the control without arabinoxylans) inhibited the growth of the HT29 cells, reduced the genotoxicity of HNE, and enhanced the activity of GSTs (FS WeAx, 2-fold; FS AeAx, 1.7-fold; and control FS, 1.4-fold), which detoxify HNE. Thus, increases in SCFAs were not reflected by enhanced functional effects. The conclusion is that fermentation mixtures contain modulatory compounds that arise from the feces and might add to the effectiveness of SCFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Glei
- Department of Nutritional Toxicology, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Strasse 25, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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Pool-Zobel B, Veeriah S, Böhmer FD. Modulation of xenobiotic metabolising enzymes by anticarcinogens -- focus on glutathione S-transferases and their role as targets of dietary chemoprevention in colorectal carcinogenesis. Mutat Res 2005; 591:74-92. [PMID: 16083918 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2005.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2005] [Revised: 04/08/2005] [Accepted: 04/10/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
There is evidence that consumption of certain dietary ingredients may favourably modulate biotransformation of carcinogens. Associated with this is the hypothesis that the risk for developing colorectal cancer could be reduced, since its incidence is related to diet. Two main groups of biotransformation enzymes metabolize carcinogens, namely Phase I enzymes, which convert hydrophobic compounds to more water-soluble moieties, and Phase II enzymes (e.g. glutathione S-transferases [GST]), which primarily catalyze conjugation reactions. The conjugation of electrophilic Phase I intermediates with glutathione, for instance, frequently results in detoxification. Several possible colon carcinogens may serve as substrates for GST isoenzymes that can have marked substrate specificity. The conjugated products could be less toxic/genotoxic if GSTs are induced, thereby reducing exposure. Thus, numerous studies have shown that the induction of GSTs by antioxidants enables experimental animals to tolerate exposure to carcinogens. One important mechanism of GST induction involves an antioxidant-responsive response element (ARE) and the transcription factor nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which is bound to the Kelch-like ECH associated protein 1 (Keap1) in the cytoplasm. Antioxidants may disrupt the Keap-Nrf2 complex, allowing Nrf2 to translocate to the nucleus and mediate expression of Phase II genes via interaction with the ARE. GSTs are also induced by butyrate, a product of gut flora-derived fermentation of plant foods, which may act via different mechanisms, e.g. by increasing histone acetylation. GSTs are expressed with high inter-individual variability in human colonocytes, which points to large differences in cellular susceptibility to xenobiotics. Enhancing expression of GSTs in human colon tissue could therefore contribute to reducing cancer risks. However, it has not been demonstrated in humans that this mechanism is associated with cancer prevention. In the future, it will be useful to determine GSTs during dietary intervention studies to enhance our understanding of this protective mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Pool-Zobel
- Department of Nutritional Toxicology, Institute for Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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Pool-Zobel BL, Selvaraju V, Sauer J, Kautenburger T, Kiefer J, Richter KK, Soom M, Wölfl S. Butyrate may enhance toxicological defence in primary, adenoma and tumor human colon cells by favourably modulating expression of glutathione S-transferases genes, an approach in nutrigenomics. Carcinogenesis 2005; 26:1064-76. [PMID: 15746163 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgi059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Butyrate, formed by bacterial fermentation of plant foods, has been suggested to reduce colon cancer risks by suppressing the proliferation of tumor cells. In addition, butyrate has been shown to induce glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) in tumor cell lines, which may contribute to the detoxification of dietary carcinogens. We hypothesize that butyrate also affects biotransformation in non-transformed colon cells. Thus, we have investigated the gene expression of drug metabolism genes in primary human colon tissue, premalignant LT97 adenoma and HT29 tumor cells cultured in an appropriate medium+/-butyrate. A total of 96 drug metabolism genes (including 12 GSTs) spotted on cDNA macroarrays (Superarray; n = 3) were hybridized with biotin-labeled cDNA probes. To validate the expression detected with Superarray, samples of LT97 cells were also analyzed with high density microarrays (Affymetrix U133A), which include biotransformation genes that overlap with the set of genes represented on the Superarray. Relative expression levels were compared across colon samples and for each colon sample+/-butyrate. Compared with fresh tissue, 13 genes were downregulated in primary cells cultivated ex vivo, whereas 8 genes were upregulated. Several genes were less expressed in LT97 (40 genes) or in HT29 (41 and 17 genes, grown for 72 and 48 h, respectively) compared with primary colon tissue. Butyrate induced GSTP1, GSTM2, and GSTA4 in HT29 as previously confirmed by other methods (northern blot/qPCR). We detected an upregulation of GSTs (GSTA2, GSTT2) that are known to be involved in the defence against oxidative stress in primary cells upon incubation with butyrate. The changes in expression detected in LT97 by Superarray and Affymetrix were similar, confirming the validity of the results. We conclude that low GST expression levels were favourably altered by butyrate. An induction of the toxicological defence system possibly contributes to reported chemopreventive properties of butyrate, a product of dietary fibre fermentation in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Louise Pool-Zobel
- Department of Nutritional Toxicology, Institute for Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Dornburger Strasse 25, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
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