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Liang C, Lin L, Hu J, Ma Y, Li Y, Sun Z. Comprehensive pulmonary metabolic responses to silica nanoparticles exposure in Fisher 344 rats. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 275:116256. [PMID: 38554605 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) could induce adverse pulmonary effects, but the mechanism was not clear enough. Metabolomics is a sensitive and high-throughput approach that could investigate the intrinsic causes of adverse health effects caused by SiNPs. The current investigation represented the first in vivo metabolomics study examining the chronic pulmonary toxicity of SiNPs at a low dosage, mimicking real human exposure situation. The recovery process after the cessation of exposure was also taken into consideration. Fisher 344 rats were treated with either saline or SiNPs for 6 months. Half of the animals in each group received an additional six-month period for recovery. The findings indicated that chronic low-level exposure to SiNPs resulted in notable alterations in pulmonary metabolism of amino acids, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleotides. SiNPs exerted an impact on various metabolites and metabolic pathways which are linked to oxidative stress, inflammation and tumorigenesis. These included but were not limited to L-carnitine, spermidine, taurine, xanthine, and glutathione metabolism. The metabolic alterations caused by SiNPs exhibited a degree of reversibility. However, the interference of SiNPs on two metabolic pathways related to tumorigenesis was observed to persist after a recovery period. The two metabolic pathways are glycerophospholipid metabolism as well as phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis. This study elucidated the metabolic alterations induced by chronic low-level exposure to SiNPs and presented novel evidence of the chronic pulmonary toxicity and carcinogenicity of SiNPs, from a metabolomic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Lisen Lin
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Junjie Hu
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Yuexiao Ma
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China.
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China.
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2
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Awashra M, Młynarz P. The toxicity of nanoparticles and their interaction with cells: an in vitro metabolomic perspective. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:2674-2723. [PMID: 37205285 PMCID: PMC10186990 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00534d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, nanomaterials (NMs) are widely present in daily life due to their significant benefits, as demonstrated by their application in many fields such as biomedicine, engineering, food, cosmetics, sensing, and energy. However, the increasing production of NMs multiplies the chances of their release into the surrounding environment, making human exposure to NMs inevitable. Currently, nanotoxicology is a crucial field, which focuses on studying the toxicity of NMs. The toxicity or effects of nanoparticles (NPs) on the environment and humans can be preliminary assessed in vitro using cell models. However, the conventional cytotoxicity assays, such as the MTT assay, have some drawbacks including the possibility of interference with the studied NPs. Therefore, it is necessary to employ more advanced techniques that provide high throughput analysis and avoid interferences. In this case, metabolomics is one of the most powerful bioanalytical strategies to assess the toxicity of different materials. By measuring the metabolic change upon the introduction of a stimulus, this technique can reveal the molecular information of the toxicity induced by NPs. This provides the opportunity to design novel and efficient nanodrugs and minimizes the risks of NPs used in industry and other fields. Initially, this review summarizes the ways that NPs and cells interact and the NP parameters that play a role in this interaction, and then the assessment of these interactions using conventional assays and the challenges encountered are discussed. Subsequently, in the main part, we introduce the recent studies employing metabolomics for the assessment of these interactions in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Awashra
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University 02150 Espoo Finland
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology Wroclaw Poland
| | - Piotr Młynarz
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology Wroclaw Poland
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3
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Co-carrier-based solid dispersion of celecoxib improves dissolution rate and oral bioavailability in rats. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.104073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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4
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Han HY. Sublethal pulmonary toxicity screening of silica nanoparticles in rats after direct intratracheal instillation. Toxicol Res 2022; 38:523-530. [PMID: 36277371 PMCID: PMC9532502 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-022-00135-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The present aimed to characterize the toxicity of silica nanoparticles in Sprague Dawley rats and determine the dose levels for a repeated-dose toxicity study. Silica nanoparticles (SiO2, 20 nm and 50 nm) were administered as a single intratracheal instillation of standardized SiO2 20 nm (low dose, 200 µg/mL; high dose, 400 µg/mL) and 50 nm (low dose, 200 µg/mL; high dose, 400 µg/mL). Each group consisted of five male rats. We documented the mortality rate, clinical signs, body weight, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis, hematological values, serum chemistry values, organ weight, gross findings at necropsy, and histopathological assessments. Rats treated with 200 µg/mL and 400 µg/mL SiO2 50 nm exhibited a decreased mean corpuscular volume, while those treated with 400 µg/mL of SiO2 50 nm showed increases in absolute monocyte and absolute lymphocyte count as well as prothrombin time. In addition, rats treated with 400 µg/mL SiO2 20 nm and 50 nm presented reduced creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, and sodium levels. Therefore, a single intratracheal instillation of SiO2 20 nm and 50 nm elicited no toxicity up to a dose of 400 µg/mL, and the approximate lethal dose of this test substance exceeded 400 µg/mL in male Sprague Dawley rats under the present experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoung-Yun Han
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114 Republic of Korea
- Department of Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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5
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Liu JY, Sayes CM. A toxicological profile of silica nanoparticles. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2022; 11:565-582. [PMID: 36051665 PMCID: PMC9424711 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfac038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans are regularly exposed to silica nanoparticles in environmental and occupational contexts, and these exposures have been implicated in the onset of adverse health effects. Existing reviews on silica nanoparticle toxicity are few and not comprehensive. There are natural and synthetic sources by which crystalline and amorphous silica nanoparticles are produced. These processes influence physiochemical properties, which are factors that can dictate toxicological effects. Toxicological assessment includes exposure scenario (e.g. environmental, occupational), route of exposure, toxicokinetics, and toxicodynamics. Broader considerations include pathology, risk assessment, regulation, and treatment after injury. This review aims to consolidate the most relevant and up-to-date research in these areas to provide an exhaustive toxicological profile of silica nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Y Liu
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, One Bear Place # 97266, Waco, TX 76798-7266, United States
| | - Christie M Sayes
- Corresponding author: Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, One Bear Place # 97266, Waco, TX 76798-7266, United States.
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6
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Ishaq F, Sereesongsaeng N, Johnston MC, Scott CJ, Burden RE. Lysosomal cysteine proteases are mediators of cell death in macrophages following exposure to amorphous silica nanoparticles. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 356:109882. [PMID: 35263611 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Increasing use of nanomaterials in everyday products such as cosmetics, medicines and food packaging is of grave concern given the lack of understanding with regards the impact such materials have on biological systems. The aim of this study is to examine cell death induced by cationic amorphous silica nanoparticles and determine the involvement of lysosomal cysteine proteases in this process. We report that multiple forms of cell death including apoptosis and pyroptosis are elicited following exposure to amorphous silica nanoparticles and that lysosomal cysteine proteases are involved in both cell death pathways in macrophages. Interestingly, lysosomal cysteine protease mRNA expression and release into the extracellular environment is induced following exposure to amorphous silica nanoparticles. Previously, the determination of nanoparticle-induced toxicity has focused on cytokine readouts, but the work presented here demonstrates that changes to normal protease biology should also be considered when evaluating the molecular mechanisms by which nanoparticulate matter causes cellular inflammation and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Ishaq
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | | | - Michael C Johnston
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Christopher J Scott
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Roberta E Burden
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK.
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7
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Zhao X, Abulikemu A, Lv S, Qi Y, Duan J, Zhang J, Chen R, Guo C, Li Y, Sun Z. Oxidative stress- and mitochondrial dysfunction-mediated cytotoxicity by silica nanoparticle in lung epithelial cells from metabolomic perspective. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 275:129969. [PMID: 33662726 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Quantities of researches have demonstrated silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) exposure inevitably induced damage to respiratory system, nonetheless, knowledge of its toxicological behavior and metabolic interactions with the cellular machinery that determines the potentially deleterious outcomes are limited and poorly elucidated. Here, the metabolic responses of lung bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) under SiNPs exposure were investigated using ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrum (UPLC-MS)-based metabolomics research. Results revealed that even with low cytotoxicity, SiNPs disturbed global metabolism. Five metabolic pathways were significantly perturbed, in particular, oxidative stress- and mitochondrial dysfunction-related GSH metabolism and pantothenate and coenzyme A (CoA) biosynthesis, where the identified metabolites glutathione (GSH), glycine, beta-alanine, cysteine, cysteinyl-glycine and pantothenic acid were included. In support of the metabolomics profiling, SiNPs caused abnormality in mitochondrial structure and mitochondrial dysfunction, as evidenced by the inhibition of cellular respiration and ATP production. Moreover, SiNPs triggered oxidative stress as confirmed by the dose-dependent ROS generation, down-regulated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) signaling, together with GSH depletion in SiNPs-treated BEAS-2B cells. Oxidative DNA damage and cell membrane dis-integrity were also detected in response to SiNPs exposure, which was correspondingly in agreed with the elevated 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and decreased phospholipids screened through metabolic analysis. Thereby, we successfully used the metabolomics approaches to manifest SiNPs-elicited toxicity through oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, DNA damage and rupture of membrane integrity in BEAS-2B cells. Overall, our study provided novel insights into the mechanism underlying SiNPs-induced pulmonary toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinying Zhao
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Alimire Abulikemu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Songqing Lv
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yi Qi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Junchao Duan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 361102, Xiamen, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Caixia Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Yanbo Li
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
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8
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Guo C, Liu Y, Li Y. Adverse effects of amorphous silica nanoparticles: Focus on human cardiovascular health. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 406:124626. [PMID: 33296760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Amorphous silica nanoparticle (SiNPs) has tremendous potential for a host of applications, while its mass production, broad application and environmental release inevitably increase the risk of human exposure. SiNPs could enter into the human body through different routes such as inhalation, ingestion, skin contact and even injection for medical applications. The cardiovascular system is gradually recognized as one of the primary sites for engineered NPs exerting adverse effects. Accumulating epidemiological or experimental evidence support the association between SiNPs exposure and adverse cardiovascular effects. However, this topic is still in its infancy, and the literature shows high inter-study variability and even contradictory results. New challenges still present in the safety evaluation of SiNPs, and its toxicological mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, scientific papers related to cardiovascular studies of SiNPs in vivo and in vitro were selected, and the updated particle-caused cardiovascular toxicity and potential mechanisms were summarized. Moreover, the understanding of how factors primarily including exposure dose, route of administration, particle size and surface properties, influence the interaction between SiNPs and cardiovascular system was discussed. In particular, the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework by which SiNPs cause deleterious effects in the cardiovascular system was described, aiming to provide useful information necessary for the regulatory decision and to guide a safer application of nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Guo
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yufan Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yanbo Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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9
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Zhang D, Zhang L, Zheng W, Wu F, Cheng J, Yang H, Gong M. Investigating biological effects of multidimensional carboxylated carbon-based nanomaterials on human lung A549 cells revealed via non-targeted metabolomics approach. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:015704. [PMID: 33043904 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abb55b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The biological responses of multidimensional carboxylated carbon-based nanomaterials (c-CBNs), including carboxylated graphene, carbon nanotube, and fullerene, on human lung A549 cells were investigated by using metabolomics technology. The structure and components of c-CBNs were characterized, and their biological effects were evaluated through cell apoptosis and viability analysis. Additionally, the metabolomics analysis of the nanomaterial-cell interaction system was performed using the established platform combining liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) with the bioinformatics system. Results revealed that all tested c-CBNs demonstrated some biological effects in our cell model. However, significant metabolomic alterations induced by c-CBNs were also observed mainly in amino acids, organic acids, glycerophospholipids, and glycerolipids. Further, under the tested concentrations, the multiple dimensions of c-CBNs played a major role in determining the metabolic process in various interaction modes. This study provides an advanced alternative for evaluating metabolic effects of multidimensional nanomaterials through metabolomics technology considering the association between dimension and metabolic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingkun Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Institutes for Systems Genetics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 88 Keyuan South Road, Hi-Tech Zone, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
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10
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Sauvain JJ, Edmé JL, Wild P, Suarez G, Bezerra OMPA, Talvani A, Algranti E, Carneiro APS, Chérot-Kornobis N, Sobaszek A, Hulo S. Does exposure to inflammatory particles modify the pattern of anion in exhaled breath condensate? J Breath Res 2020; 14:026005. [PMID: 31783386 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ab5d88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental and occupational particulate matter (PM) induces health effects on the cardio-pulmonary system. In addition, associations between exposure to PM and metabolic syndromes like diabetes mellitus or obesity are now emerging in the literature. Collection of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is an appealing non-invasive technique to sample pulmonary fluids. This hypothesis-generating study aims to (1) validate an ion chromatography method allowing the robust determination of different metabolism-related molecules (lactate, formate, acetate, propionate, butyrate, pyruvate, nitrite, nitrate) in EBC; (2) apply this method to EBC samples collected from workers exposed to quartz (a known inflammatory particle), to soapstone (a less inflammatory particle than quartz), as well as to controls. A multi-compound standard solution was used to determine the linearity range, detection limit, repeatability and bias from spiked EBC. The biological samples were injected without further treatment into an ion chromatograph with a conductivity detector. RTube® were used for field collection of EBC from 11 controls, 55 workers exposed to soapstone and 12 volunteers exposed to quartz dust. The analytical method used proved to be adequate for quantifying eight anions in EBC samples. Its sub-micromolar detection limits and repeatability, combined with a very simple sample preparation, allowed an easy and fast quantification of different glycolysis or nitrosative stress metabolites. Using multivariate discriminant analysis to maximize differences between groups, we observed a different pattern of anions with a higher formate/acetate ratio in the EBC samples for quartz exposed workers compared to the two other groups. We hypothesize that a modification of the metabolic signature could be induced by exposure to inflammatory particles like quartz and might be observed in the EBC via a change in the formate/acetate ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-J Sauvain
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
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11
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Demir E, Qin T, Li Y, Zhang Y, Guo X, Ingle T, Yan J, Orza AI, Biris AS, Ghorai S, Zhou T, Chen T. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of cadmium oxide nanoparticles evaluated using in vitro assays. Mutat Res 2020; 850-851:503149. [PMID: 32247558 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2020.503149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium oxide nanoparticles (CdO NPs) are among some of the most studied and industrially used metal oxide NPs. They have been widely used for industrial application, such as paint pigments and electronic devices, and medical therapeutics. With increasing use of CdO NPs and concerns for their potential adverse effects on the environment and public health, evaluation of the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of CdO NPs becomes very important. To date, there is a limited understanding of the potential hazard brought by CdO NPs and a lack of information and research, particularly on the genotoxicity assessment of these NPs. In this study, 10 nm CdO core-PEG stabilized NPs were synthesized, characterized and used for evaluation of CdO NPs' cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. Release of cadmium ions (Cd+2) from the CdO NPs in cell culture medium, cellular uptake of the NPs, and the endotoxin content of the particles were measured prior to the toxicity assays. Cytotoxicity was evaluated using the MTS assay, ATP content detection assay, and LDH assay. Genotoxicity was assessed using the Ames test, Comet assay, micronucleus assay, and mouse lymphoma assay. The cytotoxicity of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) was also evaluated along with that of the CdO NPs. The results showed that endotoxin levels within the CdO NPs were below the limit of detection. CdO NPs induced concentration-dependent cytotoxicity in TK6 and HepG2 cells with the MTS, ATP and LDH assays. Although the genotoxicity of CdO NPs was negative in the Ames test, positive results were obtained with the micronucleus, Comet, and mouse lymphoma assays. The negative response of CdO NPs with the Ames test may be the result of unsuitability of the assay for measuring NPs, while the positive responses from other genotoxicity assays suggest that CdO NPs can induce chromosomal damage, single or double strand breaks in DNA, and mutations. The toxicity of the CdO NPs results from the NPs themselves and not from the released Cd+2, because the ions released from the NPs were minimal. These results demonstrate that CdO NPs are cytotoxic and genotoxic and provide new insights into risk assessment of CdO NPs for human exposure and environmental protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eşref Demir
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA; Antalya Bilim University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Material Science and Nanotechnology Engineering, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Taichun Qin
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA; Office of Global Regulatory Operations and Policy, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA; Exploratory Medicine & Pharmacology, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
| | - Yongbin Zhang
- Office of Scientific Coordination, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Guo
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Taylor Ingle
- Office of Scientific Coordination, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Jian Yan
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Annamaria Ioana Orza
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences and Center for Systems Imaging, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; CellaCurre LLC., 3630 Peachtree Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30326, USA
| | - Alexandru S Biris
- Center for Integrative Nanotechnology Sciences, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Suman Ghorai
- Office of Scientific Coordination, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Tong Zhou
- Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Tao Chen
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA.
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Aflibercept Nanoformulation Inhibits VEGF Expression in Ocular In Vitro Model: A Preliminary Report. Biomedicines 2018; 6:biomedicines6030092. [PMID: 30208574 PMCID: PMC6165497 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines6030092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the leading causes of blindness in the United States, affecting approximately 11 million patients. AMD is caused primarily by an upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In recent years, aflibercept injections have been used to combat VEGF. However, this treatment requires frequent intravitreal injections, leading to low patient compliance and several adverse side effects including scarring, increased intraocular pressure, and retinal detachment. Polymeric nanoparticles have demonstrated the ability to deliver a sustained release of drug, thereby reducing the necessary injection frequency. Aflibercept (AFL) was encapsulated in poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) via double emulsion diffusion. Scanning electron microscopy showed the NPs were spherical and dynamic light scattering demonstrated that they were uniformly distributed (PDI < 1). The encapsulation efficiency and drug loading were 75.76% and 7.76% respectively. In vitro release studies showed a sustained release of drug; 75% of drug was released by the NPs in seven days compared to the full payload released in 24 h by the AFL solution. Future ocular in vivo studies are needed to confirm the biological effects of the NPs. Preliminary studies of the proposed aflibercept NPs demonstrated high encapsulation efficiency, a sustained drug release profile, and ideal physical characteristics for AMD treatment. This drug delivery system is an excellent candidate for further characterization using an ocular neovascularization in vivo model.
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13
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Chatterjee N, Jeong J, Yoon D, Kim S, Choi J. Global metabolomics approach in in vitro and in vivo models reveals hepatic glutathione depletion induced by amorphous silica nanoparticles. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 293:100-106. [PMID: 30059657 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the mechanisms involved in amorphous silica nanoparticles (aSiNPs)-mediated hepatotoxicity through the evaluation of changes in global metabolomics in in vitro and in vivo systems. 1H NMR-based non-targeted global metabolomics and biochemical approaches were conducted in an aSiNPs-treated human hepatoma cell line (HepG2) and in ICR mice liver. The non-targeted NMR-based metabolomic analysis, followed by pathway analysis, revealed the perturbation of glutathione metabolism and the depletion of the glutathione pool after aSiNPs treatment in both in vitro (HepG2 cells) and in vivo systems. The total glutathione level, glutathione-S-transferase enzyme activity, and antioxidant gene expression strongly corroborated the metabolomic analysis results. The in vitro results were further supported by the in vivo data, specifically for metabolites profiling (Pearson Correlation coefficient is 0.462 (p = 0.026)). Furthermore, the depletion of glutathione, the formation of NADPH oxidase-mediated reactive oxygen species, and oxidative stress were evident in aSiNPs-treated HepG2 cells. Overall, the suppression of glutathione metabolism and oxidative stress are among the principal causes of aSiNPs-mediated hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita Chatterjee
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsiripdaero, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeseong Jeong
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsiripdaero, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahye Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Proteom Biophysics and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Suhkmann Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Proteom Biophysics and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhee Choi
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsiripdaero, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea.
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Combination of LC/MS and GC/MS based metabolomics to study the hepatotoxic effect of realgar nanoparticles in rats. Chin J Nat Med 2018; 15:684-694. [PMID: 28991530 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(17)30098-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Realgar nanoparticles (NPs) are increasingly used as therapeutic agents for their enhanced anti-proliferation effect and cytotoxicity on cancer cells. However, the alteration of particle size may enhance biological reactivity as well as toxicity. A LC/MS and GC/MS based metabolomics approach was employed to explore the mechanism of realgar NPs-induced hepatotoxicity and identify potential biomarkers. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were administrated intragastrically with realgar or realgar NPs at a dose of 1.0 g·kg-1·d-1 for 28 days and toxic effects of realgar NPs on liver tissues were examined by biochemical indicator analysis and histopathologic examination. Increased levels of serum enzymes and high hepatic steatosis were discovered in the realgar NPs treated group. Multivariate data analysis revealed that rats with realgar NPs-induced hepatotoxicity could be distinctively differentiated from the animals in the control and realgar treated groups. In addition, 21 and 32 endogenous metabolites were apparently changed in the serum and live extracts, respectively. Realgar NPs might induce free fatty acid and triglyceride accumulation, resulting in hepatotoxicity. In conclusion, the present study represents the first comprehensive LC/MS- and GC/MS-based metabolomics analysis of realgar NPs-induced hepatotoxicity, which may help further research of nanotoxicity.
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Gun'ko V, Krupska T, Andriyko L, Klymenko N, Siora I, Novikova O, Marynin A, Ukrainets A, Charmas B, Shekhunova S, Turov V. Bonding of doxorubicin to nanosilica and human serum albumin in various media. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 513:809-819. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Giese B, Klaessig F, Park B, Kaegi R, Steinfeldt M, Wigger H, von Gleich A, Gottschalk F. Risks, Release and Concentrations of Engineered Nanomaterial in the Environment. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1565. [PMID: 29371617 PMCID: PMC5785520 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19275-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
For frequently used engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) CeO2-, SiO2-, and Ag, past, current, and future use and environmental release are investigated. Considering an extended period (1950 to 2050), we assess ENMs released through commercial activity as well as found in natural and technical settings. Temporal dynamics, including shifts in release due to ENM product application, stock (delayed use), and subsequent end-of-life product treatment were taken into account. We distinguish predicted concentrations originating in ENM use phase and those originating from end-of-life release. Furthermore, we compare Ag- and CeO2-ENM predictions with existing measurements. The correlations and limitations of the model, and the analytic validity of our approach are discussed in the context of massive use of assumptive model data and high uncertainty on the colloidal material captured by the measurements. Predictions for freshwater CeO2-ENMs range from 1 pg/l (2017) to a few hundred ng/l (2050). Relative to CeO2, the SiO2-ENMs estimates are approximately 1,000 times higher, and those for Ag-ENMs 10 times lower. For most environmental compartments, ENM pose relatively low risk; however, organisms residing near ENM 'point sources' (e.g., production plant outfalls and waste treatment plants), which are not considered in the present work, may be at increased risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Giese
- University of Bremen, Faculty of Production Engineering, Department of Technology Design and Technology Development, Badgasteiner Str, 1 28359, Bremen, Germany
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Institute of Safety and Risk Sciences, Borkowskigasse 4, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fred Klaessig
- Pennsylvania Bio Nano Systems, Doylestown, Pennsylvania, 18901, United States
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, 93106-5131, United States
| | | | - Ralf Kaegi
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Michael Steinfeldt
- University of Bremen, Faculty of Production Engineering, Department of Technology Design and Technology Development, Badgasteiner Str, 1 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Henning Wigger
- University of Bremen, Faculty of Production Engineering, Department of Technology Design and Technology Development, Badgasteiner Str, 1 28359, Bremen, Germany
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Arnim von Gleich
- University of Bremen, Faculty of Production Engineering, Department of Technology Design and Technology Development, Badgasteiner Str, 1 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Fadri Gottschalk
- ETSS AG, Engineering, technical and scientific services, CH-7558, Strada, Switzerland.
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17
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Rangaraj S, Venkatachalam R. In vitro and in vivo characteristics of biogenic high surface silica nanoparticles in A549 lung cancer cell lines and Danio rerio model systems for inorganic biomaterials development. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 46:1415-1424. [DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2017.1369427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Suriyaprabha Rangaraj
- Centre for Nano Science and Technology, K. S. Rangasamy College of Technology, Tiruchengode, India
| | - Rajendran Venkatachalam
- Centre for Nano Science and Technology, K. S. Rangasamy College of Technology, Tiruchengode, India
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18
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Zhang T, Zhang A, Qiu S, Sun H, Han Y, Guan Y, Wang X. High-throughput metabolomics approach reveals new mechanistic insights for drug response of phenotypes of geniposide towards alcohol-induced liver injury by using liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2017; 13:73-82. [DOI: 10.1039/c6mb00742b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol-induced liver injury (ALD) shows obvious metabolic disorders, categorized by a wide range of metabolite abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianlei Zhang
- Sino-US Chinmedomics Technology Cooperation Center
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry
- Chinmedomics Research Center of State Administration of TCM
- Laboratory of Metabolomics
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Aihua Zhang
- Sino-US Chinmedomics Technology Cooperation Center
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry
- Chinmedomics Research Center of State Administration of TCM
- Laboratory of Metabolomics
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Shi Qiu
- Sino-US Chinmedomics Technology Cooperation Center
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry
- Chinmedomics Research Center of State Administration of TCM
- Laboratory of Metabolomics
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Hui Sun
- Sino-US Chinmedomics Technology Cooperation Center
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry
- Chinmedomics Research Center of State Administration of TCM
- Laboratory of Metabolomics
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Ying Han
- Sino-US Chinmedomics Technology Cooperation Center
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry
- Chinmedomics Research Center of State Administration of TCM
- Laboratory of Metabolomics
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Yu Guan
- Sino-US Chinmedomics Technology Cooperation Center
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry
- Chinmedomics Research Center of State Administration of TCM
- Laboratory of Metabolomics
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Xijun Wang
- Sino-US Chinmedomics Technology Cooperation Center
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry
- Chinmedomics Research Center of State Administration of TCM
- Laboratory of Metabolomics
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine
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Riebeling C, Jungnickel H, Luch A, Haase A. Systems Biology to Support Nanomaterial Grouping. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 947:143-171. [PMID: 28168668 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-47754-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The assessment of potential health risks of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) is a challenging task due to the high number and great variety of already existing and newly emerging ENMs. Reliable grouping or categorization of ENMs with respect to hazards could help to facilitate prioritization and decision making for regulatory purposes. The development of grouping criteria, however, requires a broad and comprehensive data basis. A promising platform addressing this challenge is the systems biology approach. The different areas of systems biology, most prominently transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics, each of which provide a wealth of data that can be used to reveal novel biomarkers and biological pathways involved in the mode-of-action of ENMs. Combining such data with classical toxicological data would enable a more comprehensive understanding and hence might lead to more powerful and reliable prediction models. Physico-chemical data provide crucial information on the ENMs and need to be integrated, too. Overall statistical analysis should reveal robust grouping and categorization criteria and may ultimately help to identify meaningful biomarkers and biological pathways that sufficiently characterize the corresponding ENM subgroups. This chapter aims to give an overview on the different systems biology technologies and their current applications in the field of nanotoxicology, as well as to identify the existing challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Riebeling
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | - Harald Jungnickel
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Luch
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Haase
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Berlin, Germany.
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Oliveira ABB, de Moraes FR, Candido NM, Sampaio I, Paula AS, de Vasconcellos A, Silva TC, Miller AH, Rahal P, Nery JG, Calmon MF. Metabolic Effects of Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles on Cervical Carcinoma Cells and Nontumorigenic Keratinocytes. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:4337-4348. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabio Rogério de Moraes
- Physics
Department, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, 15054-000 São Paulo, Brazil
- Multiuser
Center for Biomolecular Innovation, São Paulo State University, São
José do Rio Preto, 15054-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natalia Maria Candido
- Biology
Department, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, 15054-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabella Sampaio
- Physics
Department, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, 15054-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alex Silva Paula
- Physics
Department, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, 15054-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriano de Vasconcellos
- Physics
Department, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, 15054-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thais Cerqueira Silva
- Physics
Department, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, 15054-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alex Henrique Miller
- Physics
Department, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, 15054-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula Rahal
- Biology
Department, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, 15054-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jose Geraldo Nery
- Physics
Department, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, 15054-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marilia Freitas Calmon
- Biology
Department, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, 15054-000 São Paulo, Brazil
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21
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Insights into the impact of silver nanoparticles on human keratinocytes metabolism through NMR metabolomics. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 589:53-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Sun B, Pokhrel S, Dunphy DR, Zhang H, Ji Z, Wang X, Wang M, Liao YP, Chang CH, Dong J, Li R, Mädler L, Brinker CJ, Nel AE, Xia T. Reduction of Acute Inflammatory Effects of Fumed Silica Nanoparticles in the Lung by Adjusting Silanol Display through Calcination and Metal Doping. ACS NANO 2015; 9:9357-9372. [PMID: 26200133 PMCID: PMC4687969 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b03443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The production of pyrogenic (fumed) silica is increasing worldwide at a 7% annual growth rate, including expanded use in food, pharmaceuticals, and other industrial products. Synthetic amorphous silica, including fumed silica, has been generally recognized as safe for use in food products by the Food and Drug Administration. However, emerging evidence from experimental studies now suggests that fumed silica could be hazardous due to its siloxane ring structure, high silanol density, and "string-of-pearl-like" aggregate structure, which could combine to cause membrane disruption, generation of reactive oxygen species, pro-inflammatory effects, and liver fibrosis. Based on this structure-activity analysis (SAA), we investigated whether calcination and rehydration of fumed silica changes its hazard potential in the lung due to an effect on silanol density display. This analysis demonstrated that the accompanying change in surface reactivity could indeed impact cytokine production in macrophages and acute inflammation in the lung, in a manner that is dependent on siloxane ring reconstruction. Confirmation of this SAA in vivo, prompted us to consider safer design of fumed silica properties by titanium and aluminum doping (0-7%), using flame spray pyrolysis. Detailed characterization revealed that increased Ti and Al doping could reduce surface silanol density and expression of three-membered siloxane rings, leading to dose-dependent reduction in hydroxyl radical generation, membrane perturbation, potassium efflux, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and cytotoxicity in THP-1 cells. The reduction of NLRP3 inflammasome activation was also confirmed in bone-marrow-derived macrophages. Ti doping, and to a lesser extent Al doping, also ameliorated acute pulmonary inflammation, demonstrating the possibility of a safer design approach for fumed silica, should that be required for specific use circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Sun
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Suman Pokhrel
- Foundation Institute of Materials Science (IWT), Department of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, Germany
| | - Darren R. Dunphy
- Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Haiyuan Zhang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhaoxia Ji
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Xiang Wang
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Meiying Wang
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Yu-Pei Liao
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Chong Hyun Chang
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Juyao Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Ruibin Li
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Lutz Mädler
- Foundation Institute of Materials Science (IWT), Department of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, Germany
| | - C. Jeffrey Brinker
- Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
- Self-Assembled Materials Department, Sandia National Laboratories, PO Box 5800 MS1349, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - André E. Nel
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
- Address correspondence to or
| | - Tian Xia
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
- Address correspondence to or
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Abstract
Nanomaterials are commonly defined as engineered structures with at least one dimension of 100 nm or less. Investigations of their potential toxicological impact on biological systems and the environment have yet to catch up with the rapid development of nanotechnology and extensive production of nanoparticles. High-throughput methods are necessary to assess the potential toxicity of nanoparticles. The omics techniques are well suited to evaluate toxicity in both in vitro and in vivo systems. Besides genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic profiling, metabolomics holds great promises for globally evaluating and understanding the molecular mechanism of nanoparticle–organism interaction. This manuscript presents a general overview of metabolomics techniques, summarizes its early application in nanotoxicology and finally discusses opportunities and challenges faced in nanotoxicology.
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