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Fitzpatrick PA, Johansson J, Maglennon G, Wallace I, Hendrickx R, Stamou M, Balogh Sivars K, Busch S, Johansson L, Van Zuydam N, Patten K, Åberg PM, Ollerstam A, Hornberg JJ. A novel in vitro high-content imaging assay for the prediction of drug-induced lung toxicity. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:2985-2998. [PMID: 38806719 PMCID: PMC11324770 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03800-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
The development of inhaled drugs for respiratory diseases is frequently impacted by lung pathology in non-clinical safety studies. To enable design of novel candidate drugs with the right safety profile, predictive in vitro lung toxicity assays are required that can be applied during drug discovery for early hazard identification and mitigation. Here, we describe a novel high-content imaging-based screening assay that allows for quantification of the tight junction protein occludin in A549 cells, as a model for lung epithelial barrier integrity. We assessed a set of compounds with a known lung safety profile, defined by clinical safety or non-clinical in vivo toxicology data, and were able to correctly identify 9 of 10 compounds with a respiratory safety risk and 9 of 9 compounds without a respiratory safety risk (90% sensitivity, 100% specificity). The assay was sensitive at relevant compound concentrations to influence medicinal chemistry optimization programs and, with an accessible cell model in a 96-well plate format, short protocol and application of automated imaging analysis algorithms, this assay can be readily integrated in routine discovery safety screening to identify and mitigate respiratory toxicity early during drug discovery. Interestingly, when we applied physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling to predict epithelial lining fluid exposures of the respiratory tract after inhalation, we found a robust correlation between in vitro occludin assay data and lung pathology in vivo, suggesting the assay can inform translational risk assessment for inhaled small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Fitzpatrick
- Safety Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R and D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Julia Johansson
- Safety Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R and D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gareth Maglennon
- AstraZeneca Pathology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R and D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ian Wallace
- Safety Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R and D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ramon Hendrickx
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology (R and I), R and D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marianna Stamou
- Safety Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R and D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kinga Balogh Sivars
- Safety Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R and D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Susann Busch
- Safety Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R and D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Linnea Johansson
- Safety Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R and D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Natalie Van Zuydam
- Data Sciences and Quantitative Biology, Discovery Sciences, R and D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kelley Patten
- Safety Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R and D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per M Åberg
- Safety Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R and D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Ollerstam
- Safety Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R and D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jorrit J Hornberg
- Safety Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R and D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Rosell-Hidalgo A, Bruhn C, Shardlow E, Barton R, Ryder S, Samatov T, Hackmann A, Aquino GR, Fernandes Dos Reis M, Galatenko V, Fritsch R, Dohrmann C, Walker PA. In-depth mechanistic analysis including high-throughput RNA sequencing in the prediction of functional and structural cardiotoxicants using hiPSC cardiomyocytes. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2024; 20:685-707. [PMID: 37995132 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2023.2273378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiotoxicity remains one of the most reported adverse drug reactions that lead to drug attrition during pre-clinical and clinical drug development. Drug-induced cardiotoxicity may develop as a functional change in cardiac electrophysiology (acute alteration of the mechanical function of the myocardium) and/or as a structural change, resulting in loss of viability and morphological damage to cardiac tissue. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Non-clinical models with better predictive value need to be established to improve cardiac safety pharmacology. To this end, high-throughput RNA sequencing (ScreenSeq) was combined with high-content imaging (HCI) and Ca2+ transience (CaT) to analyze compound-treated human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs). RESULTS Analysis of hiPSC-CMs treated with 33 cardiotoxicants and 9 non-cardiotoxicants of mixed therapeutic indications facilitated compound clustering by mechanism of action, scoring of pathway activities related to cardiomyocyte contractility, mitochondrial integrity, metabolic state, diverse stress responses and the prediction of cardiotoxicity risk. The combination of ScreenSeq, HCI and CaT provided a high cardiotoxicity prediction performance with 89% specificity, 91% sensitivity and 90% accuracy. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this study introduces mechanism-driven risk assessment approach combining structural, functional and molecular high-throughput methods for pre-clinical risk assessment of novel compounds.
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Groen E, Mummery CL, Yiangou L, Davis RP. Three-dimensional cardiac models: a pre-clinical testing platform. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:1045-1059. [PMID: 38778769 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Major advancements in human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) technology over recent years have yielded valuable tools for cardiovascular research. Multi-cell type 3-dimensional (3D) cardiac models in particular, are providing complementary approaches to animal studies that are better representatives than simple 2-dimensional (2D) cultures of differentiated hPSCs. These human 3D cardiac models can be broadly divided into two categories; namely those generated through aggregating pre-differentiated cells and those that form self-organizing structures during their in vitro differentiation from hPSCs. These models can either replicate aspects of cardiac development or enable the examination of interactions among constituent cell types, with some of these models showing increased maturity compared with 2D systems. Both groups have already emerged as physiologically relevant pre-clinical platforms for studying heart disease mechanisms, exhibiting key functional attributes of the human heart. In this review, we describe the different cardiac organoid models derived from hPSCs, their generation methods, applications in cardiovascular disease research and use in drug screening. We also address their current limitations and challenges as pre-clinical testing platforms and propose potential improvements to enhance their efficacy in cardiac drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline Groen
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Christine L Mummery
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Leiden University Medical Center, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Loukia Yiangou
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Richard P Davis
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Leiden University Medical Center, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
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Vanderslice EJ, Golding SGH, Jacot JG. Vascularization of PEGylated fibrin hydrogels increases the proliferation of human iPSC-cardiomyocytes. J Biomed Mater Res A 2024; 112:625-634. [PMID: 38155509 PMCID: PMC10922460 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Studies have long sought to develop engineered heart tissue for the surgical correction of structural heart defects, as well as other applications and vascularization of this tissue has presented a challenge. Recent studies suggest that vascular cells and a vascular network may have regenerative effects on implanted cardiomyocytes (CM) and nearby heart tissue separate from perfusion of oxygen and nutrients. The goal of this study was to test whether vascular cells or a formed vascular network in a fibrin-based hydrogel would alter the proliferation of human iPSC-derived CM. First, vascular network formation in a slowly degrading PEGylated fibrin hydrogel was optimized by altering the cell ratio of human umbilical vein endothelial cells to human dermal fibroblasts, the inclusion of growth factors, and the total cell concentration. An endothelial to fibroblast ratio of 5:1 and a total cell concentration of 1.1 × 106 cells/mL without additional growth factors generated robust vascular networks while minimizing the number of cells required. Using this optimized system, human iPSC-derived CM were cultured on hydrogels without vascular cells, hydrogels with unorganized encapsulated vascular cells, or hydrogels with encapsulated vascular cells organized into networks for 7 days. CM proliferation and gene expression were assayed following 7 days of culture on the hydrogels. The presence of vascular cells in the hydrogel, whether unorganized or in vascular networks, significantly increased CM proliferation compared to an acellular hydrogel. Hydrogels with unorganized vascular cells resulted in lower CM maturity evidenced by decreased expression of cardiac troponin t (TNNT2), myosin light chain 7, and phospholamban compared to hydrogels without vascular cells and hydrogels with vascular networks. Altogether, this study details a robust method of forming rudimentary vascular networks in a fibrin-based hydrogel and shows that a hydrogel containing endothelial cells and fibroblasts can induce proliferation in adjacent CM, and these cells do not hinder CM gene expression when organized into a vascular network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan J. Vanderslice
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA 80045
| | - Staunton G. H. Golding
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA 80045
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA 37235
| | - Jeffrey G. Jacot
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA 80045
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA 80045
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Kobeissi H, Jilberto J, Karakan MÇ, Gao X, DePalma SJ, Das SL, Quach L, Urquia J, Baker BM, Chen CS, Nordsletten D, Lejeune E. MicroBundleCompute: Automated segmentation, tracking, and analysis of subdomain deformation in cardiac microbundles. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298863. [PMID: 38530829 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Advancing human induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocyte (hiPSC-CM) technology will lead to significant progress ranging from disease modeling, to drug discovery, to regenerative tissue engineering. Yet, alongside these potential opportunities comes a critical challenge: attaining mature hiPSC-CM tissues. At present, there are multiple techniques to promote maturity of hiPSC-CMs including physical platforms and cell culture protocols. However, when it comes to making quantitative comparisons of functional behavior, there are limited options for reliably and reproducibly computing functional metrics that are suitable for direct cross-system comparison. In addition, the current standard functional metrics obtained from time-lapse images of cardiac microbundle contraction reported in the field (i.e., post forces, average tissue stress) do not take full advantage of the available information present in these data (i.e., full-field tissue displacements and strains). Thus, we present "MicroBundleCompute," a computational framework for automatic quantification of morphology-based mechanical metrics from movies of cardiac microbundles. Briefly, this computational framework offers tools for automatic tissue segmentation, tracking, and analysis of brightfield and phase contrast movies of beating cardiac microbundles. It is straightforward to implement, runs without user intervention, requires minimal input parameter setting selection, and is computationally inexpensive. In this paper, we describe the methods underlying this computational framework, show the results of our extensive validation studies, and demonstrate the utility of exploring heterogeneous tissue deformations and strains as functional metrics. With this manuscript, we disseminate "MicroBundleCompute" as an open-source computational tool with the aim of making automated quantitative analysis of beating cardiac microbundles more accessible to the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba Kobeissi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Center for Multiscale and Translational Mechanobiology, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Javiera Jilberto
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - M Çağatay Karakan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Xining Gao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Samuel J DePalma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Shoshana L Das
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Lani Quach
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Urquia
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New York Institute of Technology, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Brendon M Baker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Christopher S Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - David Nordsletten
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's Health Partners, King's College London, King's Health Partners, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Lejeune
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Center for Multiscale and Translational Mechanobiology, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States of America
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Lee H, Kim B, Yun J, Bae J, Park S, Jeon J, Jang HR, Lee J, Lee S. PIV-MyoMonitor: an accessible particle image velocimetry-based software tool for advanced contractility assessment of cardiac organoids. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1367141. [PMID: 38532875 PMCID: PMC10964252 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1367141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiac organoids offer a versatile platform for personalized cardiac toxicity assessment, drug screening, disease modeling, and regenerative therapies. While previous image-based contractility analysis techniques allowed the assessment of contractility of two-dimensional cardiac models, they face limitations, including encountering high noise levels when applied to three-dimensional organoid models and requiring expensive equipment. Additionally, they offer fewer functional parameters compared to commercial software. To address these challenges, we developed an open-source, particle image velocimetry-based software (PIV-MyoMonitor) and demonstrated its capacity for accurate contractility analysis in both two- and three-dimensional cardiac models using standard lab equipment. Comparisons with four other open-source software programs highlighted the capability of PIV-MyoMonitor for more comprehensive quantitative analysis, providing 22 functional parameters and enhanced video outputs. We showcased its applicability in drug screening by characterizing the response of cardiac organoids to a known isotropic drug, isoprenaline. In sum, PIV-MyoMonitor enables reliable contractility assessment across various cardiac models without costly equipment or software. We believe this software will benefit a broader scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoyeon Lee
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Boyoung Kim
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyue Yun
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinseung Bae
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungsu Park
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Junseok Jeon
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Cell and Gene Therapy Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Ryoun Jang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Cell and Gene Therapy Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaecheol Lee
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Soah Lee
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Raniga K, Nasir A, Vo NTN, Vaidyanathan R, Dickerson S, Hilcove S, Mosqueira D, Mirams GR, Clements P, Hicks R, Pointon A, Stebbeds W, Francis J, Denning C. Strengthening cardiac therapy pipelines using human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Cell Stem Cell 2024; 31:292-311. [PMID: 38366587 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Advances in hiPSC isolation and reprogramming and hPSC-CM differentiation have prompted their therapeutic application and utilization for evaluating potential cardiovascular safety liabilities. In this perspective, we showcase key efforts toward the large-scale production of hiPSC-CMs, implementation of hiPSC-CMs in industry settings, and recent clinical applications of this technology. The key observations are a need for traceable gender and ethnically diverse hiPSC lines, approaches to reduce cost of scale-up, accessible clinical trial datasets, and transparent guidelines surrounding the safety and efficacy of hiPSC-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Raniga
- The Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; Pathology, Non-Clinical Safety, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK.
| | - Aishah Nasir
- The Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Nguyen T N Vo
- The Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | | | | | | | - Diogo Mosqueira
- The Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Gary R Mirams
- Centre for Mathematical Medicine & Biology, School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Peter Clements
- Pathology, Non-Clinical Safety, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Ryan Hicks
- BioPharmaceuticals R&D Cell Therapy Department, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden; School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Amy Pointon
- Safety Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB2 0AA, UK
| | | | - Jo Francis
- Mechanstic Biology and Profiling, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB2 0AA, UK
| | - Chris Denning
- The Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
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Butler D, Reyes DR. Heart-on-a-chip systems: disease modeling and drug screening applications. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:1494-1528. [PMID: 38318723 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00829k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide, casting a substantial economic footprint and burdening the global healthcare system. Historically, pre-clinical CVD modeling and therapeutic screening have been performed using animal models. Unfortunately, animal models oftentimes fail to adequately mimic human physiology, leading to a poor translation of therapeutics from pre-clinical trials to consumers. Even those that make it to market can be removed due to unforeseen side effects. As such, there exists a clinical, technological, and economical need for systems that faithfully capture human (patho)physiology for modeling CVD, assessing cardiotoxicity, and evaluating drug efficacy. Heart-on-a-chip (HoC) systems are a part of the broader organ-on-a-chip paradigm that leverages microfluidics, tissue engineering, microfabrication, electronics, and gene editing to create human-relevant models for studying disease, drug-induced side effects, and therapeutic efficacy. These compact systems can be capable of real-time measurements and on-demand characterization of tissue behavior and could revolutionize the drug development process. In this review, we highlight the key components that comprise a HoC system followed by a review of contemporary reports of their use in disease modeling, drug toxicity and efficacy assessment, and as part of multi-organ-on-a-chip platforms. We also discuss future perspectives and challenges facing the field, including a discussion on the role that standardization is expected to play in accelerating the widespread adoption of these platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derrick Butler
- Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
| | - Darwin R Reyes
- Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
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Kafili G, Kabir H, Jalali Kandeloos A, Golafshan E, Ghasemi S, Mashayekhan S, Taebnia N. Recent advances in soluble decellularized extracellular matrix for heart tissue engineering and organ modeling. J Biomater Appl 2023; 38:577-604. [PMID: 38006224 PMCID: PMC10676626 DOI: 10.1177/08853282231207216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Despite the advent of tissue engineering (TE) for the remodeling, restoring, and replacing damaged cardiovascular tissues, the progress is hindered by the optimal mechanical and chemical properties required to induce cardiac tissue-specific cellular behaviors including migration, adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. Cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM) consists of numerous structural and functional molecules and tissue-specific cells, therefore it plays an important role in stimulating cell proliferation and differentiation, guiding cell migration, and activating regulatory signaling pathways. With the improvement and modification of cell removal methods, decellularized ECM (dECM) preserves biochemical complexity, and bio-inductive properties of the native matrix and improves the process of generating functional tissue. In this review, we first provide an overview of the latest advancements in the utilization of dECM in in vitro model systems for disease and tissue modeling, as well as drug screening. Then, we explore the role of dECM-based biomaterials in cardiovascular regenerative medicine (RM), including both invasive and non-invasive methods. In the next step, we elucidate the engineering and material considerations in the preparation of dECM-based biomaterials, namely various decellularization techniques, dECM sources, modulation, characterizations, and fabrication approaches. Finally, we discuss the limitations and future directions in fabrication of dECM-based biomaterials for cardiovascular modeling, RM, and clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golara Kafili
- Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hannaneh Kabir
- Molecular Cell Biomechanics Laboratory, Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Elham Golafshan
- Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Ghasemi
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shohreh Mashayekhan
- Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nayere Taebnia
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Bernava G, Iop L. Advances in the design, generation, and application of tissue-engineered myocardial equivalents. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1247572. [PMID: 37811368 PMCID: PMC10559975 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1247572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the limited regenerative ability of cardiomyocytes, the disabling irreversible condition of myocardial failure can only be treated with conservative and temporary therapeutic approaches, not able to repair the damage directly, or with organ transplantation. Among the regenerative strategies, intramyocardial cell injection or intravascular cell infusion should attenuate damage to the myocardium and reduce the risk of heart failure. However, these cell delivery-based therapies suffer from significant drawbacks and have a low success rate. Indeed, cardiac tissue engineering efforts are directed to repair, replace, and regenerate native myocardial tissue function. In a regenerative strategy, biomaterials and biomimetic stimuli play a key role in promoting cell adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, and neo-tissue formation. Thus, appropriate biochemical and biophysical cues should be combined with scaffolds emulating extracellular matrix in order to support cell growth and prompt favorable cardiac microenvironment and tissue regeneration. In this review, we provide an overview of recent developments that occurred in the biomimetic design and fabrication of cardiac scaffolds and patches. Furthermore, we sift in vitro and in situ strategies in several preclinical and clinical applications. Finally, we evaluate the possible use of bioengineered cardiac tissue equivalents as in vitro models for disease studies and drug tests.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Iop
- Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health, Padua Medical School, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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Reyat JS, di Maio A, Grygielska B, Pike J, Kemble S, Rodriguez-Romero A, Simoglou Karali C, Croft AP, Psaila B, Simões F, Rayes J, Khan AO. Modelling the pathology and treatment of cardiac fibrosis in vascularised atrial and ventricular cardiac microtissues. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1156759. [PMID: 37727305 PMCID: PMC10506403 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1156759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Recent advances in human cardiac 3D approaches have yielded progressively more complex and physiologically relevant culture systems. However, their application in the study of complex pathological processes, such as inflammation and fibrosis, and their utility as models for drug development have been thus far limited. Methods In this work, we report the development of chamber-specific, vascularised human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac microtissues, which allow for the multi-parametric assessment of cardiac fibrosis. Results We demonstrate the generation of a robust vascular system in the microtissues composed of endothelial cells, fibroblasts and atrial or ventricular cardiomyocytes that exhibit gene expression signatures, architectural, and electrophysiological resemblance to in vivo-derived anatomical cardiac tissues. Following pro-fibrotic stimulation using TGFβ, cardiac microtissues recapitulated hallmarks of cardiac fibrosis, including myofibroblast activation and collagen deposition. A study of Ca2+ dynamics in fibrotic microtissues using optical mapping revealed prolonged Ca2+ decay, reflecting cardiomyocyte dysfunction, which is linked to the severity of fibrosis. This phenotype could be reversed by TGFβ receptor inhibition or by using the BET bromodomain inhibitor, JQ1. Discussion In conclusion, we present a novel methodology for the generation of chamber-specific cardiac microtissues that is highly scalable and allows for the multi-parametric assessment of cardiac remodelling and pharmacological screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmeet S. Reyat
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandro di Maio
- The Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Beata Grygielska
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy Pike
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- The Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel Kemble
- Rheumatology Research Group, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio Rodriguez-Romero
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine and National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Christina Simoglou Karali
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine and National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Adam P. Croft
- Rheumatology Research Group, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Bethan Psaila
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine and National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Cancer and Haematology Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Filipa Simões
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Julie Rayes
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- The Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Abdullah O. Khan
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine and National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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12
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Stebbeds W, Raniga K, Standing D, Wallace I, Bayliss J, Brown A, Kasprowicz R, Dalmas Wilk D, Deakyne J, Clements P, Chaudhary KW, Rossman EI, Bahinski A, Francis J. CardioMotion: identification of functional and structural cardiotoxic liabilities in small molecules through brightfield kinetic imaging. Toxicol Sci 2023; 195:61-70. [PMID: 37462734 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfad065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular toxicity is an important cause of drug failures in the later stages of drug development, early clinical safety assessment, and even postmarket withdrawals. Early-stage in vitro assessment of potential cardiovascular liabilities in the pharmaceutical industry involves assessment of interactions with cardiac ion channels, as well as induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte-based functional assays, such as calcium flux and multielectrode-array assays. These methods are appropriate for the identification of acute functional cardiotoxicity but structural cardiotoxicity, which manifests effects after chronic exposure, is often only captured in vivo. CardioMotion is a novel, label-free, high throughput, in vitro assay and analysis pipeline which records and assesses the spontaneous beating of cardiomyocytes and identifies compounds which impact beating. This is achieved through the acquisition of brightfield images at a high framerate, combined with an optical flow-based python analysis pipeline which transforms the images into waveform data which are then parameterized. Validation of this assay with a large dataset showed that cardioactive compounds with diverse known direct functional and structural mechanisms-of-action on cardiomyocytes are identified (sensitivity = 72.9%), importantly, known structural cardiotoxins also disrupt cardiomyocyte beating (sensitivity = 86%) in this method. Furthermore, the CardioMotion method presents a high specificity of 82.5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Stebbeds
- Screening Profiling and Mechanistic Biology, GSK, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Kavita Raniga
- Screening Profiling and Mechanistic Biology, GSK, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, UK
- The Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - David Standing
- Screening Profiling and Mechanistic Biology, GSK, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Iona Wallace
- Screening Profiling and Mechanistic Biology, GSK, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - James Bayliss
- Screening Profiling and Mechanistic Biology, GSK, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Andrew Brown
- Screening Profiling and Mechanistic Biology, GSK, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Richard Kasprowicz
- Screening Profiling and Mechanistic Biology, GSK, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, UK
| | | | - Julianna Deakyne
- In vitro in vivo translation, GSK, Upper Providence, PA 19426, USA
| | | | | | - Eric I Rossman
- In vitro in vivo translation, GSK, Upper Providence, PA 19426, USA
| | - Anthony Bahinski
- In vitro in vivo translation, GSK, Upper Providence, PA 19426, USA
| | - Jo Francis
- Screening Profiling and Mechanistic Biology, GSK, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, UK
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13
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Assessing Drug-Induced Mitochondrial Toxicity in Cardiomyocytes: Implications for Preclinical Cardiac Safety Evaluation. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071313. [PMID: 35890211 PMCID: PMC9319223 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced cardiotoxicity not only leads to the attrition of drugs during development, but also contributes to the high morbidity and mortality rates of cardiovascular diseases. Comprehensive testing for proarrhythmic risks of drugs has been applied in preclinical cardiac safety assessment for over 15 years. However, other mechanisms of cardiac toxicity have not received such attention. Of them, mitochondrial impairment is a common form of cardiotoxicity and is known to account for over half of cardiovascular adverse-event-related black box warnings imposed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Although it has been studied in great depth, mitochondrial toxicity assessment has not yet been incorporated into routine safety tests for cardiotoxicity at the preclinical stage. This review discusses the main characteristics of mitochondria in cardiomyocytes, drug-induced mitochondrial toxicities, and high-throughput screening strategies for cardiomyocytes, as well as their proposed integration into preclinical safety pharmacology. We emphasize the advantages of using adult human primary cardiomyocytes for the evaluation of mitochondrial morphology and function, and the need for a novel cardiac safety testing platform integrating mitochondrial toxicity and proarrhythmic risk assessments in cardiac safety evaluation.
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14
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Abstract
An ensemble of in vitro cardiac tissue models has been developed over the past several decades to aid our understanding of complex cardiovascular disorders using a reductionist approach. These approaches often rely on recapitulating single or multiple clinically relevant end points in a dish indicative of the cardiac pathophysiology. The possibility to generate disease-relevant and patient-specific human induced pluripotent stem cells has further leveraged the utility of the cardiac models as screening tools at a large scale. To elucidate biological mechanisms in the cardiac models, it is critical to integrate physiological cues in form of biochemical, biophysical, and electromechanical stimuli to achieve desired tissue-like maturity for a robust phenotyping. Here, we review the latest advances in the directed stem cell differentiation approaches to derive a wide gamut of cardiovascular cell types, to allow customization in cardiac model systems, and to study diseased states in multiple cell types. We also highlight the recent progress in the development of several cardiovascular models, such as cardiac organoids, microtissues, engineered heart tissues, and microphysiological systems. We further expand our discussion on defining the context of use for the selection of currently available cardiac tissue models. Last, we discuss the limitations and challenges with the current state-of-the-art cardiac models and highlight future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip Thomas
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (D.T., C.A., J.C.W.).,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (D.T., C.A., J.C.W.)
| | - Suji Choi
- Disease Biophysics Group, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA (S.C., K.K.P.)
| | - Christina Alamana
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (D.T., C.A., J.C.W.).,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (D.T., C.A., J.C.W.)
| | - Kevin Kit Parker
- Disease Biophysics Group, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA (S.C., K.K.P.).,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA (K.K.P.)
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (D.T., C.A., J.C.W.).,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (D.T., C.A., J.C.W.).,Greenstone Biosciences, Palo Alto, CA (J.C.W.)
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15
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Arslan U, Moruzzi A, Nowacka J, Mummery C, Eckardt D, Loskill P, Orlova V. Microphysiological stem cell models of the human heart. Mater Today Bio 2022; 14:100259. [PMID: 35514437 PMCID: PMC9062349 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Models of heart disease and drug responses are increasingly based on human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) since their ability to capture human heart (dys-)function is often better than animal models. Simple monolayer cultures of hPSC-derived cardiomyocytes, however, have shortcomings. Some of these can be overcome using more complex, multi cell-type models in 3D. Here we review modalities that address this, describe efforts to tailor readouts and sensors for monitoring tissue- and cell physiology (exogenously and in situ) and discuss perspectives for implementation in industry and academia.
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16
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Youhanna S, Kemas AM, Preiss L, Zhou Y, Shen JX, Cakal SD, Paqualini FS, Goparaju SK, Shafagh RZ, Lind JU, Sellgren CM, Lauschke VM. Organotypic and Microphysiological Human Tissue Models for Drug Discovery and Development-Current State-of-the-Art and Future Perspectives. Pharmacol Rev 2022; 74:141-206. [PMID: 35017176 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of successful drug development projects has been stagnant for decades despite major breakthroughs in chemistry, molecular biology, and genetics. Unreliable target identification and poor translatability of preclinical models have been identified as major causes of failure. To improve predictions of clinical efficacy and safety, interest has shifted to three-dimensional culture methods in which human cells can retain many physiologically and functionally relevant phenotypes for extended periods of time. Here, we review the state of the art of available organotypic culture techniques and critically review emerging models of human tissues with key importance for pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and toxicity. In addition, developments in bioprinting and microfluidic multiorgan cultures to emulate systemic drug disposition are summarized. We close by highlighting important trends regarding the fabrication of organotypic culture platforms and the choice of platform material to limit drug absorption and polymer leaching while supporting the phenotypic maintenance of cultured cells and allowing for scalable device fabrication. We conclude that organotypic and microphysiological human tissue models constitute promising systems to promote drug discovery and development by facilitating drug target identification and improving the preclinical evaluation of drug toxicity and pharmacokinetics. There is, however, a critical need for further validation, benchmarking, and consolidation efforts ideally conducted in intersectoral multicenter settings to accelerate acceptance of these novel models as reliable tools for translational pharmacology and toxicology. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Organotypic and microphysiological culture of human cells has emerged as a promising tool for preclinical drug discovery and development that might be able to narrow the translation gap. This review discusses recent technological and methodological advancements and the use of these systems for hit discovery and the evaluation of toxicity, clearance, and absorption of lead compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Youhanna
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Aurino M Kemas
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Lena Preiss
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Yitian Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Joanne X Shen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Selgin D Cakal
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Francesco S Paqualini
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Sravan K Goparaju
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Reza Zandi Shafagh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Johan Ulrik Lind
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Carl M Sellgren
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Volker M Lauschke
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
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17
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Tiburcy M, Meyer T, Satin PL, Zimmermann WH. Defined Engineered Human Myocardium for Disease Modeling, Drug Screening, and Heart Repair. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2485:213-225. [PMID: 35618908 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2261-2_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Different engineered heart muscle formats have been developed for applications in disease modeling, drug screening, and heart repair. The advantage of 3D engineered versus 2D monolayer and 3D aggregate cardiomyocyte cultures is a clearly advanced degree of maturation, which in many aspects resembles the postnatal rather than the embryonic or fetal heart, in the most advanced 3D culture formats. According to the desired in vitro (disease modeling or drug screening) and in vivo (heart repair) application, scale and geometry of tissue engineered heart muscle must be adapted. In this updated methods paper, we report a simple and scalable (up and down) collagen-based protocol for the construction of Engineered Human Myocardium (EHM) under defined, serum-free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Tiburcy
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tim Meyer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Pierre-Luc Satin
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wolfram-Hubertus Zimmermann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: From Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany.
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), Göttingen, Germany.
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18
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Bowen TJ, Hall AR, Lloyd GR, Weber RJM, Wilson A, Pointon A, Viant MR. An Extensive Metabolomics Workflow to Discover Cardiotoxin-Induced Molecular Perturbations in Microtissues. Metabolites 2021; 11:644. [PMID: 34564460 PMCID: PMC8470535 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11090644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Discovering modes of action and predictive biomarkers of drug-induced structural cardiotoxicity offers the potential to improve cardiac safety assessment of lead compounds and enhance preclinical to clinical translation during drug development. Cardiac microtissues are a promising, physiologically relevant, in vitro model, each composed of ca. 500 cells. While untargeted metabolomics is capable of generating hypotheses on toxicological modes of action and discovering metabolic biomarkers, applying this technology to low-biomass microtissues in suspension is experimentally challenging. Thus, we first evaluated a filtration-based approach for harvesting microtissues and assessed the sensitivity and reproducibility of nanoelectrospray direct infusion mass spectrometry (nESI-DIMS) measurements of intracellular extracts, revealing samples consisting of 28 pooled microtissues, harvested by filtration, are suitable for profiling the intracellular metabolome and lipidome. Subsequently, an extensive workflow combining nESI-DIMS untargeted metabolomics and lipidomics of intracellular extracts with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) analysis of spent culture medium, to profile the metabolic footprint and quantify drug exposure concentrations, was implemented. Using the synthetic drug and model cardiotoxin sunitinib, time-resolved metabolic and lipid perturbations in cardiac microtissues were investigated, providing valuable data for generating hypotheses on toxicological modes of action and identifying putative biomarkers such as disruption of purine metabolism and perturbation of polyunsaturated fatty acid levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara J. Bowen
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (T.J.B.); (R.J.M.W.)
| | - Andrew R. Hall
- Functional and Mechanistic Safety, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, UK; (A.R.H.); (A.P.)
| | - Gavin R. Lloyd
- Phenome Centre Birmingham, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
| | - Ralf J. M. Weber
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (T.J.B.); (R.J.M.W.)
- Phenome Centre Birmingham, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
| | - Amanda Wilson
- Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, UK;
| | - Amy Pointon
- Functional and Mechanistic Safety, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, UK; (A.R.H.); (A.P.)
| | - Mark R. Viant
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (T.J.B.); (R.J.M.W.)
- Phenome Centre Birmingham, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
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19
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Scalzo S, Afonso MQ, da Fonseca NJ, Jesus IC, Alves AP, Mendonça CAF, Teixeira VP, Biagi D, Cruvinel E, Santos AK, Miranda K, Marques FA, Mesquita ON, Kushmerick C, Campagnole-Santos MJ, Agero U, Guatimosim S. Dense optical flow software to quantify cellular contractility. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2021; 1:100044. [PMID: 35475144 PMCID: PMC9017166 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2021.100044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cell membrane deformation is an important feature that occurs during many physiological processes, and its study has been put to good use to investigate cardiomyocyte function. Several methods have been developed to extract information on cardiomyocyte contractility. However, no existing computational framework has provided, in a single platform, a straightforward approach to acquire, process, and quantify this type of cellular dynamics. For this reason, we develop CONTRACTIONWAVE, high-performance software written in Python programming language that allows the user to process large data image files and obtain contractility parameters by analyzing optical flow from images obtained with videomicroscopy. The software was validated by using neonatal, adult-, and human-induced pluripotent stem-cell-derived cardiomyocytes, treated or not with drugs known to affect contractility. Results presented indicate that CONTRACTIONWAVE is an excellent tool for examining changes to cardiac cellular contractility in animal models of disease and for pharmacological and toxicology screening during drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio Scalzo
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Q.L. Afonso
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Néli J. da Fonseca
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
- Cellular Structure and 3D Bioimaging, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, CB10 1SA Hinxton, UK
| | - Itamar C.G. Jesus
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Alves
- Departamento de Física, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Carolina A.T. F. Mendonça
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Vanessa P. Teixeira
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Diogo Biagi
- PluriCell Biotech, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | | | - Anderson K. Santos
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Kiany Miranda
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Flavio A.M. Marques
- Departamento de Física, Instituto de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Oscar N. Mesquita
- Departamento de Física, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Christopher Kushmerick
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Maria José Campagnole-Santos
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Ubirajara Agero
- Departamento de Física, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Silvia Guatimosim
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
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20
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Saleem U, van Meer BJ, Katili PA, Mohd Yusof NAN, Mannhardt I, Garcia AK, Tertoolen L, de Korte T, Vlaming MLH, McGlynn K, Nebel J, Bahinski A, Harris K, Rossman E, Xu X, Burton FL, Smith GL, Clements P, Mummery CL, Eschenhagen T, Hansen A, Denning C. Blinded, Multicenter Evaluation of Drug-induced Changes in Contractility Using Human-induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Cardiomyocytes. Toxicol Sci 2021; 176:103-123. [PMID: 32421822 PMCID: PMC7357169 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal models are 78% accurate in determining whether drugs will alter contractility of the human heart. To evaluate the suitability of human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) for predictive safety pharmacology, we quantified changes in contractility, voltage, and/or Ca2+ handling in 2D monolayers or 3D engineered heart tissues (EHTs). Protocols were unified via a drug training set, allowing subsequent blinded multicenter evaluation of drugs with known positive, negative, or neutral inotropic effects. Accuracy ranged from 44% to 85% across the platform-cell configurations, indicating the need to refine test conditions. This was achieved by adopting approaches to reduce signal-to-noise ratio, reduce spontaneous beat rate to ≤ 1 Hz or enable chronic testing, improving accuracy to 85% for monolayers and 93% for EHTs. Contraction amplitude was a good predictor of negative inotropes across all the platform-cell configurations and of positive inotropes in the 3D EHTs. Although contraction- and relaxation-time provided confirmatory readouts forpositive inotropes in 3D EHTs, these parameters typically served as the primary source of predictivity in 2D. The reliance of these “secondary” parameters to inotropy in the 2D systems was not automatically intuitive and may be a quirk of hiPSC-CMs, hence require adaptations in interpreting the data from this model system. Of the platform-cell configurations, responses in EHTs aligned most closely to the free therapeutic plasma concentration. This study adds to the notion that hiPSC-CMs could add value to drug safety evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umber Saleem
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Berend J van Meer
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZD, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Puspita A Katili
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Nurul A N Mohd Yusof
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Ingra Mannhardt
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ana Krotenberg Garcia
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZD, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Leon Tertoolen
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZD, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tessa de Korte
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZD, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Ncardia, 2333 BD, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Karen McGlynn
- Clyde Biosciences Ltd, Biocity Scotland, Newhouse, Lanarkshire ML1 5HU, UK
| | - Jessica Nebel
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | | | | | - Eric Rossman
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426
| | - Xiaoping Xu
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426
| | - Francis L Burton
- Clyde Biosciences Ltd, Biocity Scotland, Newhouse, Lanarkshire ML1 5HU, UK.,Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Godfrey L Smith
- Clyde Biosciences Ltd, Biocity Scotland, Newhouse, Lanarkshire ML1 5HU, UK.,Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Peter Clements
- GlaxoSmithKline, David Jack Centre for R&D, Ware, Hertfordshire SG12 0DP, UK
| | - Christine L Mummery
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZD, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department Applied Stem Cell Technologies, University of Twente, 7500 EA Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Eschenhagen
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Arne Hansen
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Chris Denning
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
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21
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Shankaran A, Prasad K, Chaudhari S, Brand A, Satyamoorthy K. Advances in development and application of human organoids. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:257. [PMID: 33977021 PMCID: PMC8105691 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02815-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Innumerable studies associated with cellular differentiation, tissue response and disease modeling have been conducted in two-dimensional (2D) culture systems or animal models. This has been invaluable in deciphering the normal and disease states in cell biology; the key shortcomings of it being suitability for translational or clinical correlations. The past decade has seen several major advances in organoid culture technologies and this has enhanced our understanding of mimicking organ reconstruction. The term organoid has generally been used to describe cellular aggregates derived from primary tissues or stem cells that can self-organize into organotypic structures. Organoids mimic the cellular microenvironment of tissues better than 2D cell culture systems and represent the tissue physiology. Human organoids of brain, thyroid, gastrointestinal, lung, cardiac, liver, pancreatic and kidney have been established from various diseases, healthy tissues and from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). Advances in patient-derived organoid culture further provides a unique perspective from which treatment modalities can be personalized. In this review article, we have discussed the current strategies for establishing various types of organoids of ectodermal, endodermal and mesodermal origin. We have also discussed their applications in modeling human health and diseases (such as cancer, genetic, neurodegenerative and infectious diseases), applications in regenerative medicine and evolutionary studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijith Shankaran
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Planetarium Complex, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
| | - Keshava Prasad
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Planetarium Complex, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
| | - Sima Chaudhari
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Planetarium Complex, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
| | - Angela Brand
- Department of Public Health Genomics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104 Karnataka India
- Department International Health, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Duboisdomein 30, 6229 GT Maastricht, The Netherlands
- United Nations University- Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute On Innovation and Technology (UNU-MERIT), Boschstraat 24, 6211 AX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kapaettu Satyamoorthy
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Planetarium Complex, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
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22
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Human Pluripotent Stem-Cell-Derived Models as a Missing Link in Drug Discovery and Development. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14060525. [PMID: 34070895 PMCID: PMC8230131 DOI: 10.3390/ph14060525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), including human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), have the potential to accelerate the drug discovery and development process. In this review, by analyzing each stage of the drug discovery and development process, we identified the active role of hPSC-derived in vitro models in phenotypic screening, target-based screening, target validation, toxicology evaluation, precision medicine, clinical trial in a dish, and post-clinical studies. Patient-derived or genome-edited PSCs can generate valid in vitro models for dissecting disease mechanisms, discovering novel drug targets, screening drug candidates, and preclinically and post-clinically evaluating drug safety and efficacy. With the advances in modern biotechnologies and developmental biology, hPSC-derived in vitro models will hopefully improve the cost-effectiveness and the success rate of drug discovery and development.
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23
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A predictive in vitro risk assessment platform for pro-arrhythmic toxicity using human 3D cardiac microtissues. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10228. [PMID: 33986332 PMCID: PMC8119415 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89478-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiotoxicity of pharmaceutical drugs, industrial chemicals, and environmental toxicants can be severe, even life threatening, which necessitates a thorough evaluation of the human response to chemical compounds. Predicting risks for arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death accurately is critical for defining safety profiles. Currently available approaches have limitations including a focus on single select ion channels, the use of non-human species in vitro and in vivo, and limited direct physiological translation. We have advanced the robustness and reproducibility of in vitro platforms for assessing pro-arrhythmic cardiotoxicity using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes and human cardiac fibroblasts in 3-dimensional microtissues. Using automated algorithms and statistical analyses of eight comprehensive evaluation metrics of cardiac action potentials, we demonstrate that tissue-engineered human cardiac microtissues respond appropriately to physiological stimuli and effectively differentiate between high-risk and low-risk compounds exhibiting blockade of the hERG channel (E4031 and ranolazine, respectively). Further, we show that the environmental endocrine disrupting chemical bisphenol-A (BPA) causes acute and sensitive disruption of human action potentials in the nanomolar range. Thus, this novel human 3D in vitro pro-arrhythmic risk assessment platform addresses critical needs in cardiotoxicity testing for both environmental and pharmaceutical compounds and can be leveraged to establish safe human exposure levels.
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24
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Modeling Precision Cardio-Oncology: Using Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Risk Stratification and Prevention. Curr Oncol Rep 2021; 23:77. [PMID: 33937943 PMCID: PMC8088904 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-021-01066-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Cardiovascular toxicity is a leading cause of mortality among cancer survivors and has become increasingly prevalent due to improved cancer survival rates. In this review, we synthesize evidence illustrating how common cancer therapeutic agents, such as anthracyclines, human epidermal growth factors receptors (HER2) monoclonal antibodies, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), have been evaluated in cardiomyocytes (CMs) derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to understand the underlying mechanisms of cardiovascular toxicity. We place this in the context of precision cardio-oncology, an emerging concept for personalizing the prevention and management of cardiovascular toxicities from cancer therapies, accounting for each individual patient’s unique factors. We outline steps that will need to be addressed by multidisciplinary teams of cardiologists and oncologists in partnership with regulators to implement future applications of hiPSCs in precision cardio-oncology. Recent Findings Current prevention of cardiovascular toxicity involves routine screenings and management of modifiable risk factors for cancer patients, as well as the initiation of cardioprotective medications. Despite recent advancements in precision cardio-oncology, knowledge gaps remain and limit our ability to appropriately predict with precision which patients will develop cardiovascular toxicity. Investigations using patient-specific CMs facilitate pharmacological discovery, mechanistic toxicity studies, and the identification of cardioprotective pathways. Studies with hiPSCs demonstrate that patients with comorbidities have more frequent adverse responses, compared to their counterparts without cardiac disease. Further studies utilizing hiPSC modeling should be considered, to evaluate the impact and mitigation of known cardiovascular risk factors, including blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, diabetes, and physical activity in their role in cardiovascular toxicity after cancer therapy. Future real-world applications will depend on understanding the current use of hiPSC modeling in order for oncologists and cardiologists together to inform their potential to improve our clinical collaborative practice in cardio-oncology. Summary When applying such in vitro characterization, it is hypothesized that a safety score can be assigned to each individual to determine who has a greater probability of developing cardiovascular toxicity. Using hiPSCs to create personalized models and ultimately evaluate the cardiovascular toxicity of individuals’ treatments may one day lead to more patient-specific treatment plans in precision cardio-oncology while reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality.
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25
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Campostrini G, Meraviglia V, Giacomelli E, van Helden RW, Yiangou L, Davis RP, Bellin M, Orlova VV, Mummery CL. Generation, functional analysis and applications of isogenic three-dimensional self-aggregating cardiac microtissues from human pluripotent stem cells. Nat Protoc 2021; 16:2213-2256. [PMID: 33772245 PMCID: PMC7611409 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-021-00497-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Tissue-like structures from human pluripotent stem cells containing multiple cell types are transforming our ability to model and understand human development and disease. Here we describe a protocol to generate cardiomyocytes (CMs), cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) and cardiac endothelial cells (ECs), the three principal cell types in the heart, from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and combine them in three-dimensional (3D) cardiac microtissues (MTs). We include details of how to differentiate, isolate, cryopreserve and thaw the component cells and how to construct and analyze the MTs. The protocol supports hiPSC-CM maturation and allows replacement of one or more of the three heart cell types in the MTs with isogenic variants bearing disease mutations. Differentiation of each cell type takes ~30 d, while MT formation and maturation requires another 20 d. No specialist equipment is needed and the method is inexpensive, requiring just 5,000 cells per MT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Campostrini
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Viviana Meraviglia
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Elisa Giacomelli
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ruben W.J. van Helden
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Loukia Yiangou
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Richard P. Davis
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Milena Bellin
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands,Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy,Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129 Padua, Italy,Correspondence to , or
| | - Valeria V. Orlova
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands,Correspondence to , or
| | - Christine L. Mummery
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands,Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, University of Twente, The Netherlands,Correspondence to , or
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26
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Campostrini G, Windt LM, van Meer BJ, Bellin M, Mummery CL. Cardiac Tissues From Stem Cells: New Routes to Maturation and Cardiac Regeneration. Circ Res 2021; 128:775-801. [PMID: 33734815 PMCID: PMC8410091 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.318183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The ability of human pluripotent stem cells to form all cells of the body has provided many opportunities to study disease and produce cells that can be used for therapy in regenerative medicine. Even though beating cardiomyocytes were among the first cell types to be differentiated from human pluripotent stem cell, cardiac applications have advanced more slowly than those, for example, for the brain, eye, and pancreas. This is, in part, because simple 2-dimensional human pluripotent stem cell cardiomyocyte cultures appear to need crucial functional cues normally present in the 3-dimensional heart structure. Recent tissue engineering approaches combined with new insights into the dialogue between noncardiomyocytes and cardiomyocytes have addressed and provided solutions to issues such as cardiomyocyte immaturity and inability to recapitulate adult heart values for features like contraction force, electrophysiology, or metabolism. Three-dimensional bioengineered heart tissues are thus poised to contribute significantly to disease modeling, drug discovery, and safety pharmacology, as well as provide new modalities for heart repair. Here, we review the current status of 3-dimensional engineered heart tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Campostrini
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (G.C., L.M.W., B.J.v.M., M.B., C.L.M.)
| | - Laura M. Windt
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (G.C., L.M.W., B.J.v.M., M.B., C.L.M.)
| | - Berend J. van Meer
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (G.C., L.M.W., B.J.v.M., M.B., C.L.M.)
- MESA+ Institute (B.J.v.M.), University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Milena Bellin
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (G.C., L.M.W., B.J.v.M., M.B., C.L.M.)
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Italy (M.B.)
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Padua, Italy (M.B.)
| | - Christine L. Mummery
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (G.C., L.M.W., B.J.v.M., M.B., C.L.M.)
- Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies (C.L.M.), University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
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27
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Pointon A, Maher J, Davis M, Baker T, Cichocki J, Ramsden D, Hale C, Kolaja KL, Levesque P, Sura R, Stresser DM, Gintant G. Cardiovascular microphysiological systems (CVMPS) for safety studies - a pharma perspective. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:458-472. [PMID: 33471007 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc01040e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The integrative responses of the cardiovascular (CV) system are essential for maintaining blood flow to provide oxygenation, nutrients, and waste removal for the entire body. Progress has been made in independently developing simple in vitro models of two primary components of the CV system, namely the heart (using induced pluripotent stem-cell derived cardiomyocytes) and the vasculature (using endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells). These two in vitro biomimics are often described as immature and simplistic, and typically lack the structural complexity of native tissues. Despite these limitations, they have proven useful for specific "fit for purpose" applications, including early safety screening. More complex in vitro models offer the tantalizing prospect of greater refinement in risk assessments. To this end, efforts to physically link cardiac and vascular components to mimic a true CV microphysiological system (CVMPS) are ongoing, with the goal of providing a more holistic and integrated CV response model. The challenges of building and implementing CVMPS in future pharmacological safety studies are many, and include a) the need for more complex (and hence mature) cell types and tissues, b) the need for more realistic vasculature (within and across co-modeled tissues), and c) the need to meaningfully couple these two components to allow for integrated CV responses. Initial success will likely come with simple, bioengineered tissue models coupled with fluidics intended to mirror a vascular component. While the development of more complex integrated CVMPS models that are capable of differentiating safe compounds and providing mechanistic evaluations of CV liabilities may be feasible, adoption by pharma will ultimately hinge on model efficiency, experimental reproducibility, and added value above current strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Pointon
- Functional Mechanistic Safety, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jonathan Maher
- Translational Safety Sciences, Theravance Biopharma, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Myrtle Davis
- Discovery Toxicology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 3553 Lawrenceville Rd Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Thomas Baker
- Eli Lilly, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis IN 46285, USA
| | | | - Diane Ramsden
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals, 35 Landsdowne St., Cambridge, MA 02139, UK
| | - Christopher Hale
- Amgen Research, 1120 Veterans Blvd., S. San Francisco, 94080, USA
| | - Kyle L Kolaja
- Investigative Toxicology and Cell Therapy, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 556 Morris Avenue, Summit NJ 07042, USA
| | - Paul Levesque
- Discovery Toxicology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 3553 Lawrenceville Rd Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | | | - David M Stresser
- Drug Metabolism, Pharmacokinetics and Translational Modeling, AbbVie, 1 Waukegan Rd, N Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Gary Gintant
- Integrative Pharmacology, Integrated Science and Technology, AbbVie, 1 Waukegan Rd, N Chicago, IL 60064, USA.
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28
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A Scalable Approach Reveals Functional Responses of iPSC Cardiomyocyte 3D Spheroids. SLAS DISCOVERY 2020; 26:352-363. [DOI: 10.1177/2472555220975332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes (CMs) derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide an in vitro model of the human myocardium. Complex 3D scaffolded culture methods improve the phenotypical maturity of iPSC-CMs, although typically at the expense of throughput. We have developed a novel, scalable approach that enables the use of iPSC-CM 3D spheroid models in a label-free readout system in a standard 96-well plate-based format. Spheroids were accurately positioned onto recording electrodes using a magnetic gold–iron oxide nanoparticle approach. Remarkably, both contractility (impedance) and extracellular field potentials (EFPs) could be detected from the actively beating spheroids over long durations and after automated dosing with pharmacological agents. The effects on these parameters of factors, such as co-culture (including human primary cardiac fibroblasts), extracellular buffer composition, and electrical pacing, were investigated. Beat amplitudes were increased greater than 15-fold by co-culture with fibroblasts. Optimization of extracellular Ca2+ fluxes and electrical pacing promoted the proper physiological response to positive inotropic agonists of increased beat amplitude (force) rather than the increased beat rate often observed in iPSC-CM studies. Mechanistically divergent repolarizations in different spheroid models were indicated by their responses to BaCl2 compared with E-4031. These studies demonstrate a new method that enables the pharmacological responses of 3D iPSC-CM spheroids to be determined in a label-free, standardized, 96-well plate-based system. This approach could have discovery applications across cardiovascular efficacy and safety, where parameters typically sought as readouts of iPSC-CM maturity or physiological relevance have the potential to improve assay predictivity.
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29
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Cho KW, Lee WH, Kim BS, Kim DH. Sensors in heart-on-a-chip: A review on recent progress. Talanta 2020; 219:121269. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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30
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Jarrell DK, Vanderslice EJ, VeDepo MC, Jacot JG. Engineering Myocardium for Heart Regeneration-Advancements, Considerations, and Future Directions. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:586261. [PMID: 33195474 PMCID: PMC7588355 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.586261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States among both adults and infants. In adults, 5-year survival after a heart attack is <60%, and congenital heart defects are the top killer of liveborn infants. Problematically, the regenerative capacity of the heart is extremely limited, even in newborns. Furthermore, suitable donor hearts for transplant cannot meet the demand and require recipients to use immunosuppressants for life. Tissue engineered myocardium has the potential to replace dead or fibrotic heart tissue in adults and could also be used to permanently repair congenital heart defects in infants. In addition, engineering functional myocardium could facilitate the development of a whole bioartificial heart. Here, we review and compare in vitro and in situ myocardial tissue engineering strategies. In the context of this comparison, we consider three challenges that must be addressed in the engineering of myocardial tissue: recapitulation of myocardial architecture, vascularization of the tissue, and modulation of the immune system. In addition to reviewing and analyzing current progress, we recommend specific strategies for the generation of tissue engineered myocardial patches for heart regeneration and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillon K Jarrell
- Jacot Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Ethan J Vanderslice
- Jacot Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Mitchell C VeDepo
- Jacot Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Jeffrey G Jacot
- Jacot Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
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31
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Qu Y, Feric N, Pallotta I, Singh R, Sobbi R, Vargas HM. Inotropic assessment in engineered 3D cardiac tissues using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes in the Biowire TM II platform. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2020; 105:106886. [PMID: 32629159 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2020.106886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To develop therapeutics for cardiovascular disease, especially heart failure, translational models for assessing cardiac contractility are necessary for preclinical target validation and lead optimization. The availability of stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (SC-CM) has generated a great opportunity in developing new in-vitro models for assessing cardiac contractility. However, the immature phenotype of SC-CM is a well-recognized limitation in inotropic evaluation, especially regarding the lack of or diminished positive inotropic response to β-adrenergic agonists. Recent development of 3D engineered cardiac tissues (ECTs) using human induced pluripotent stem cell derived-cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CM) in the BiowireTM II platform has shown improved maturation. To evaluate their suitability to detect drug-induced changes in cardiac contractility, positive inotropes with diverse mechanisms, including β-adrenergic agonists, PDE3 inhibitors, Ca2+-sensitizers, myosin and troponin activators, and an apelin receptor agonist, were tested blindly. A total of 8 compounds were evaluated, including dobutamine, milrinone, pimobendan, levosimendan, omecamtiv mecarbil, AMG1, AMG2, and pyr-apelin-13. Contractility was evaluated by analyzing the amplitude, velocity and duration of contraction and relaxation. All tested agents, except pyr-apelin-13, increased contractility by increasing the amplitude of contraction and velocity. In addition, myosin and troponin activators increase contraction duration. These results indicate that ECTs generated in the BiowireTM II platform can identify inotropes with different mechanisms and provides a human-based in-vitro model for evaluating potential therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusheng Qu
- Amgen Research, Translational Safety & Bioanalytical Sciences, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | - Hugo M Vargas
- Amgen Research, Translational Safety & Bioanalytical Sciences, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
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32
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Giacomelli E, Meraviglia V, Campostrini G, Cochrane A, Cao X, van Helden RWJ, Krotenberg Garcia A, Mircea M, Kostidis S, Davis RP, van Meer BJ, Jost CR, Koster AJ, Mei H, Míguez DG, Mulder AA, Ledesma-Terrón M, Pompilio G, Sala L, Salvatori DCF, Slieker RC, Sommariva E, de Vries AAF, Giera M, Semrau S, Tertoolen LGJ, Orlova VV, Bellin M, Mummery CL. Human-iPSC-Derived Cardiac Stromal Cells Enhance Maturation in 3D Cardiac Microtissues and Reveal Non-cardiomyocyte Contributions to Heart Disease. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 26:862-879.e11. [PMID: 32459996 PMCID: PMC7284308 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes (CMs) from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are functionally immature, but this is improved by incorporation into engineered tissues or forced contraction. Here, we showed that tri-cellular combinations of hiPSC-derived CMs, cardiac fibroblasts (CFs), and cardiac endothelial cells also enhance maturation in easily constructed, scaffold-free, three-dimensional microtissues (MTs). hiPSC-CMs in MTs with CFs showed improved sarcomeric structures with T-tubules, enhanced contractility, and mitochondrial respiration and were electrophysiologically more mature than MTs without CFs. Interactions mediating maturation included coupling between hiPSC-CMs and CFs through connexin 43 (CX43) gap junctions and increased intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP). Scaled production of thousands of hiPSC-MTs was highly reproducible across lines and differentiated cell batches. MTs containing healthy-control hiPSC-CMs but hiPSC-CFs from patients with arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy strikingly recapitulated features of the disease. Our MT model is thus a simple and versatile platform for modeling multicellular cardiac diseases that will facilitate industry and academic engagement in high-throughput molecular screening. Cardiac fibroblasts and endothelial cells induce hiPSC-cardiomyocyte maturation CX43 gap junctions form between cardiac fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes cAMP-pathway activation contributes to hiPSC-cardiomyocyte maturation Patient-derived hiPSC-cardiac fibroblasts cause arrhythmia in microtissues
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Giacomelli
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Viviana Meraviglia
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Giulia Campostrini
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Amy Cochrane
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Xu Cao
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ruben W J van Helden
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ana Krotenberg Garcia
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Maria Mircea
- Leiden Institute of Physics, Leiden University, 2333 Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sarantos Kostidis
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Richard P Davis
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Berend J van Meer
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Carolina R Jost
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Abraham J Koster
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hailiang Mei
- Sequencing Analysis Support Core, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - David G Míguez
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa, Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Instituto Nicolas Cabrera and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Aat A Mulder
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Mario Ledesma-Terrón
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa, Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Instituto Nicolas Cabrera and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Giulio Pompilio
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Sala
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Daniela C F Salvatori
- Central Laboratory Animal Facility, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Roderick C Slieker
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, VU University Medical Center, 1007 Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Elena Sommariva
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Antoine A F de Vries
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Martin Giera
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Stefan Semrau
- Leiden Institute of Physics, Leiden University, 2333 Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Leon G J Tertoolen
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Valeria V Orlova
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Milena Bellin
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy; Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129 Padua, Italy.
| | - Christine L Mummery
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, University of Twente, 7500 Enschede, the Netherlands.
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33
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Blair CA, Pruitt BL. Mechanobiology Assays with Applications in Cardiomyocyte Biology and Cardiotoxicity. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e1901656. [PMID: 32270928 PMCID: PMC7480481 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes are the motor units that drive the contraction and relaxation of the heart. Traditionally, testing of drugs for cardiotoxic effects has relied on primary cardiomyocytes from animal models and focused on short-term, electrophysiological, and arrhythmogenic effects. However, primary cardiomyocytes present challenges arising from their limited viability in culture, and tissue from animal models suffers from a mismatch in their physiology to that of human heart muscle. Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) can address these challenges. They also offer the potential to study not only electrophysiological effects but also changes in cardiomyocyte contractile and mechanical function in response to cardiotoxic drugs. With growing recognition of the long-term cardiotoxic effects of some drugs on subcellular structure and function, there is increasing interest in using hiPSC-CMs for in vitro cardiotoxicity studies. This review provides a brief overview of techniques that can be used to quantify changes in the active force that cardiomyocytes generate and variations in their inherent stiffness in response to cardiotoxic drugs. It concludes by discussing the application of these tools in understanding how cardiotoxic drugs directly impact the mechanobiology of cardiomyocytes and how cardiomyocytes sense and respond to mechanical load at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheavar A. Blair
- Department of mechanical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- Biomolecular Science and Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Beth L. Pruitt
- Department of mechanical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- Biomolecular Science and Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
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34
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Golforoush P, Schneider MD. Intensive care for human hearts in pluripotent stem cell models. NPJ Regen Med 2020; 5:4. [PMID: 32194989 PMCID: PMC7060343 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-020-0090-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful drug discovery is ultimately contingent on the availability of workable, relevant, predictive model systems. Conversely, for cardiac muscle, the lack of human preclinical models to inform target validation and compound development has likely contributed to the perennial problem of clinical trial failures, despite encouraging non-human results. By contrast, human cardiomyocytes produced from pluripotent stem cell models have recently been applied to safety pharmacology, phenotypic screening, target validation and high-throughput assays, facilitating cardiac drug discovery. Here, we review the impact of human pluripotent stem cell models in cardiac drug discovery, discussing the range of applications, readouts, and disease models employed, along with the challenges and prospects to advance this fruitful mode of research further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Golforoush
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN UK
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35
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Ebrahimi A, Raichlen JS, Pointon A, Gottfridsson C, Munley J, Hockings P, Cartwright J, Buss N, Wikström J, Gan LM, Whittaker A, Khalil A, George RT, Garkaviy P, Brott D. Drug-induced myocardial dysfunction - recommendations for assessment in clinical and pre-clinical studies. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2020; 19:281-294. [PMID: 32064957 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2020.1731471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Drug-induced myocardial dysfunction is an important safety concern during drug development. Oncology compounds can cause myocardial dysfunction, leading to decreased left ventricular ejection fraction and heart failure via several mechanisms. Cardiovascular imaging has a major role in the early detection and monitoring of cardiotoxicity. Echocardiography is the method of choice because of its widespread availability, low cost, and absence of radiation exposure. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging can provide better reliability, reproducibility, and accuracy in the detection of drug-induced myocardial dysfunction. In addition, it enables assessment of myocardial edema, fibrosis, and necrosis. Cardiac serologic biomarkers such as troponins and B-type natriuretic peptides are used in combination with imaging during drug development. This article provides a general overview of each imaging modality and practical guidance for early detection and monitoring of cardiotoxicity.Areas covered: Cardiovascular imaging modalities and cardiac biomarkers for monitoring of cardiac function and early detection of drug-induced myocardial dysfunction in drug development.Expert opinion: Some new drugs especially in the oncology field, can cause myocardial dysfunction. Depending on the strength of pre-clinical or clinical data, CV imaging modalities and cardiac biomarkers play an important role in the early detection and mitigation plans for such drugs during their development.
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36
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Breyner NM, Hecht M, Nitz N, Rose E, Carvalho JL. In vitro models for investigation of the host-parasite interface - possible applications in acute Chagas disease. Acta Trop 2020; 202:105262. [PMID: 31706861 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.105262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Chagas disease (CD), caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, is the main parasitic disease in the Western Hemisphere, with an increasing number of cases, especially in non-endemic regions. The disease is characterized by cardiomegaly and mega viscera, nevertheless, the clinical outcome is hard to predict, underscoring the need for further research into the pathophysiology of CD. Even though most basic and translational research involving CD is performed using in vivo models, in vitro models arise as an ethical, rapidly evolving, and physiologically relevant alternative for CD research. In the present review, we discuss the past and recent in vitro models available to study the host-parasite interface in cardiac and intestinal CD, critically analyzing the possibilities and limitations of state-of-the-art alternatives for the CD host-parasite investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Martins Breyner
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Mariana Hecht
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Nadjar Nitz
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Ester Rose
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Juliana Lott Carvalho
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil; Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology Program, Catholic University of Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil.
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37
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Li XP, Qu KY, Zhang F, Jiang HN, Zhang N, Nihad C, Liu CM, Wu KH, Wang XW, Huang NP. High-aspect-ratio water-dispersed gold nanowires incorporated within gelatin methacrylate hydrogels for constructing cardiac tissues in vitro. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:7213-7224. [DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00768d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The prepared high-aspect-ratio water-dispersed gold nanowires are incorporated into GeIMA hydrogels for cardiomyocyte culture and micro-cardiac tissue formation.
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38
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Takasuna K, Kazusa K, Hayakawa T. Comprehensive Cardiac Safety Assessment using hiPS-cardiomyocytes (Consortium for Safety Assessment using Human iPS Cells: CSAHi). Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2019; 21:829-841. [PMID: 31749424 DOI: 10.2174/1389201020666191024172425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Current cardiac safety assessment platforms (in vitro hERG-centric, APD, and/or in vivo animal QT assays) are not fully predictive of drug-induced Torsades de Pointes (TdP) and do not address other mechanism-based arrhythmia, including ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation, or cardiac safety liabilities such as contractile and structural cardiotoxicity which are another growing safety concerns. We organized the Consortium for Safety Assessment using Human iPS cells (CSAHi; http://csahi.org/en/) in 2013, based on the Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association (JPMA), to verify the application of human iPS/ES cell-derived cardiomyocytes for drug safety evaluation. The CSAHi HEART team focused on comprehensive screening strategies to predict a diverse range of cardiotoxicities using recently introduced platforms such as the Multi-Electrode Array (MEA), cellular impedance, Motion Field Imaging (MFI), and optical imaging of Ca transient to identify strengths and weaknesses of each platform. Our study showed that hiPS-CMs used in these platforms could detect pharmacological responses that were more relevant to humans compared to existing hERG, APD, or Langendorff (MAPD/contraction) assays. Further, MEA and other methods such as impedance, MFI, and Ca transient assays provided paradigm changes of platforms for predicting drug-induced QT risk and/or arrhythmia or contractile dysfunctions. In contrast, since discordances such as overestimation (false positive) of arrhythmogenicity, oversight, or opposite conclusions in positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activities to some compounds were also confirmed, possibly due to their functional immaturity of hiPS-CMs, hiPS-CMs should be used in these platforms for cardiac safety assessment based upon their advantages and disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Takasuna
- Consortium for Safety Assessment using Human iPS Cells (CSAHi), Heart Team, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Kazusa
- Consortium for Safety Assessment using Human iPS cells (CSAHi), Heart team, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Hayakawa
- Consortium for Safety Assessment using Human iPS cells (CSAHi), Heart team, Japan
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39
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Matsui T, Miyamoto K, Yamanaka K, Okai Y, Kaushik EP, Harada K, Wagoner M, Shinozawa T. Cell-based two-dimensional morphological assessment system to predict cancer drug-induced cardiotoxicity using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 383:114761. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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40
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van Meer BJ, Krotenberg A, Sala L, Davis RP, Eschenhagen T, Denning C, Tertoolen LGJ, Mummery CL. Simultaneous measurement of excitation-contraction coupling parameters identifies mechanisms underlying contractile responses of hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4325. [PMID: 31541103 PMCID: PMC6754438 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12354-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC-CMs) are increasingly recognized as valuable for determining the effects of drugs on ion channels but they do not always accurately predict contractile responses of the human heart. This is in part attributable to their immaturity but the sensitivity of measurement tools may also be limiting. Measuring action potential, calcium flux or contraction individually misses critical information that is captured when interrogating the complete excitation-contraction coupling cascade simultaneously. Here, we develop an hypothesis-based statistical algorithm that identifies mechanisms of action. We design and build a high-speed optical system to measure action potential, cytosolic calcium and contraction simultaneously using fluorescent sensors. These measurements are automatically processed, quantified and then assessed by the algorithm. Multiplexing these three critical physical features of hiPSC-CMs allows identification of all major drug classes affecting contractility with detection sensitivities higher than individual measurement of action potential, cytosolic calcium or contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berend J van Meer
- Dept. of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZD, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ana Krotenberg
- Dept. of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZD, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Luca Sala
- Dept. of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZD, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Genetics, Via Zucchi 18, 20095, Cusano Milanino, MI, Italy
| | - Richard P Davis
- Dept. of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZD, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Eschenhagen
- Dept. of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Chris Denning
- Dept. of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Leon G J Tertoolen
- Dept. of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZD, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Christine L Mummery
- Dept. of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZD, Leiden, The Netherlands. .,Dept. of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB, Enschede, The Netherlands.
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41
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de Korte T, Katili PA, Mohd Yusof NAN, van Meer BJ, Saleem U, Burton FL, Smith GL, Clements P, Mummery CL, Eschenhagen T, Hansen A, Denning C. Unlocking Personalized Biomedicine and Drug Discovery with Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes: Fit for Purpose or Forever Elusive? Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2019; 60:529-551. [PMID: 31506008 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010919-023309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, drug development costs have increased by approximately a hundredfold, and yet about 1 in 7 licensed drugs are withdrawn from the market, often due to cardiotoxicity. This review considers whether technologies using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) could complement existing assays to improve discovery and safety while reducing socioeconomic costs and assisting with regulatory guidelines on cardiac safety assessments. We draw on lessons from our own work to suggest a panel of 12 drugs that will be useful in testing the suitability of hiPSC-CM platforms to evaluate contractility. We review issues, including maturity versus complexity, consistency, quality, and cost, while considering a potential need to incorporate auxiliary approaches to compensate for limitations in hiPSC-CM technology. We give examples on how coupling hiPSC-CM technologies with Cas9/CRISPR genome engineering is starting to be used to personalize diagnosis, stratify risk, provide mechanistic insights, and identify new pathogenic variants for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa de Korte
- Ncardia, 2333 BD Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZD Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Puspita A Katili
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD Nottingham, United Kingdom;
| | - Nurul A N Mohd Yusof
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD Nottingham, United Kingdom;
| | - Berend J van Meer
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZD Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Umber Saleem
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Francis L Burton
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Godfrey L Smith
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Clements
- David Jack Centre for Research & Development, GlaxoSmithKline, SG12 0DP Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Christine L Mummery
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZD Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Eschenhagen
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Arne Hansen
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Chris Denning
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD Nottingham, United Kingdom;
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42
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Guth BD, Engwall M, Eldridge S, Foley CM, Guo L, Gintant G, Koerner J, Parish ST, Pierson JB, Ribeiro AJS, Zabka T, Chaudhary KW, Kanda Y, Berridge B. Considerations for an In Vitro, Cell-Based Testing Platform for Detection of Adverse Drug-Induced Inotropic Effects in Early Drug Development. Part 1: General Considerations for Development of Novel Testing Platforms. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:884. [PMID: 31447679 PMCID: PMC6697071 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced effects on cardiac contractility can be assessed through the measurement of the maximal rate of pressure increase in the left ventricle (LVdP/dtmax) in conscious animals, and such studies are often conducted at the late stage of preclinical drug development. Detection of such effects earlier in drug research using simpler, in vitro test systems would be a valuable addition to our strategies for identifying the best possible drug development candidates. Thus, testing platforms with reasonably high throughput, and affordable costs would be helpful for early screening purposes. There may also be utility for testing platforms that provide mechanistic information about how a given drug affects cardiac contractility. Finally, there could be in vitro testing platforms that could ultimately contribute to the regulatory safety package of a new drug. The characteristics needed for a successful cell or tissue-based testing platform for cardiac contractility will be dictated by its intended use. In this article, general considerations are presented with the intent of guiding the development of new testing platforms that will find utility in drug research and development. In the following article (part 2), specific aspects of using human-induced stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes for this purpose are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Guth
- Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany.,PreClinical Drug Development Platform (PCDDP), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Michael Engwall
- Safety Pharmacology and Animal Research Center, Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA, United States
| | - Sandy Eldridge
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - C Michael Foley
- Department of Integrative Pharmacology, Integrated Sciences and Technology, AbbVie, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Liang Guo
- Laboratory of Investigative Toxicology, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Gary Gintant
- Department of Integrative Pharmacology, Integrated Sciences and Technology, AbbVie, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - John Koerner
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Stanley T Parish
- Health and Environmental Sciences Institute, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Jennifer B Pierson
- Health and Environmental Sciences Institute, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Alexandre J S Ribeiro
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translation Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Tanja Zabka
- Department of Safety Assessment, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Khuram W Chaudhary
- Global Safety Pharmacology, GlaxoSmithKline plc, Collegeville, PA, United States
| | - Yasunari Kanda
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Brian Berridge
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, United States
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Sugiyama A, Hagiwara-Nagasawa M, Kambayashi R, Goto A, Chiba K, Naito AT, Kanda Y, Matsumoto A, Izumi-Nakaseko H. Analysis of electro-mechanical relationship in human iPS cell-derived cardiomyocytes sheets under proarrhythmic condition assessed by simultaneous field potential and motion vector recordings. J Pharmacol Sci 2019; 140:317-320. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Seltzer JH, Gintant G, Amiri-Kordestani L, Singer J, Koplowitz LP, Moslehi JJ, Barac A, Yu AF. Assessing cardiac safety in oncology drug development. Am Heart J 2019; 214:125-133. [PMID: 31202099 PMCID: PMC7316329 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jack Singer
- Washington State University, CTI Biopharma, Seattle WA
| | | | | | - Ana Barac
- Georgetown University/Medstar Health, Washington DC
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McAleer CW, Long CJ, Elbrecht D, Sasserath T, Bridges LR, Rumsey JW, Martin C, Schnepper M, Wang Y, Schuler F, Roth AB, Funk C, Shuler ML, Hickman JJ. Multi-organ system for the evaluation of efficacy and off-target toxicity of anticancer therapeutics. Sci Transl Med 2019; 11:eaav1386. [PMID: 31217335 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aav1386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A pumpless, reconfigurable, multi-organ-on-a-chip system containing recirculating serum-free medium can be used to predict preclinical on-target efficacy, metabolic conversion, and measurement of off-target toxicity of drugs using functional biological microelectromechanical systems. In the first configuration of the system, primary human hepatocytes were cultured with two cancer-derived human bone marrow cell lines for antileukemia drug analysis in which diclofenac and imatinib demonstrated a cytostatic effect on bone marrow cancer proliferation. Liver viability was not affected by imatinib; however, diclofenac reduced liver viability by 30%. The second configuration housed a multidrug-resistant vulva cancer line, a non-multidrug-resistant breast cancer line, primary hepatocytes, and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Tamoxifen reduced viability of the breast cancer cells only after metabolite generation but did not affect the vulva cancer cells except when coadministered with verapamil, a permeability glycoprotein inhibitor. Both tamoxifen alone and coadministration with verapamil produced off-target cardiac effects as indicated by a reduction of contractile force, beat frequency, and conduction velocity but did not affect viability. These systems demonstrate the utility of a human cell-based in vitro culture system to evaluate both on-target efficacy and off-target toxicity for parent drugs and their metabolites; these systems can augment and reduce the use of animals and increase the efficiency of drug evaluations in preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel Elbrecht
- Hesperos Inc., 3259 Progress Drive, Room 158, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Trevor Sasserath
- Hesperos Inc., 3259 Progress Drive, Room 158, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - L Richard Bridges
- Hesperos Inc., 3259 Progress Drive, Room 158, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - John W Rumsey
- Hesperos Inc., 3259 Progress Drive, Room 158, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Candace Martin
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Mark Schnepper
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Franz Schuler
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Adrian B Roth
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Funk
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael L Shuler
- Hesperos Inc., 3259 Progress Drive, Room 158, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - James J Hickman
- Hesperos Inc., 3259 Progress Drive, Room 158, Orlando, FL 32826, USA.
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
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Johansson J, Larsson MH, Hornberg JJ. Predictive in vitro toxicology screening to guide chemical design in drug discovery. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Renggli K, Rousset N, Lohasz C, Nguyen OTP, Hierlemann A. Integrated Microphysiological Systems: Transferable Organ Models and Recirculating Flow. ADVANCED BIOSYSTEMS 2019; 3:e1900018. [PMID: 32627410 PMCID: PMC7610576 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201900018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Studying and understanding of tissue and disease mechanisms largely depend on the availability of suitable and representative biological model systems. These model systems should be carefully engineered and faithfully reproduce the biological system of interest to understand physiological effects, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity to better identify new drug compounds. By relying on microfluidics, microphysiological systems (MPSs) enable the precise control of culturing conditions and connections of advanced in vitro 3D organ models that better reproduce in vivo environments. This review focuses on transferable in vitro organ models and integrated MPSs that host these transferable biological units and enable interactions between different tissue types. Interchangeable and transferrable in vitro organ models allow for independent quality control of the biological model before system assembly and building MPS assays on demand. Due to the complexity and different maturation times of individual in vitro tissues, off-chip production and quality control entail improved stability and reproducibility of the systems and results, which is important for large-scale adoption of the technology. Lastly, the technical and biological challenges and open issues for realizing and implementing integrated MPSs with transferable in vitro organ models are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper Renggli
- ETH Zürich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
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Apáti Á, Varga N, Berecz T, Erdei Z, Homolya L, Sarkadi B. Application of human pluripotent stem cells and pluripotent stem cell-derived cellular models for assessing drug toxicity. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2018; 15:61-75. [PMID: 30526128 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2019.1558207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are capable of differentiating into all types of cells in the body and so provide suitable toxicology screening systems even for hard-to-obtain human tissues. Since hPSCs can also be generated from differentiated cells and current gene editing technologies allow targeted genome modifications, hPSCs can be applied for drug toxicity screening both in normal and disease-specific models. Targeted hPSC differentiation is still a challenge but cardiac, neuronal or liver cells, and complex cellular models are already available for practical applications. Areas covered: The authors review new gene-editing and cell-biology technologies to generate sensitive toxicity screening systems based on hPSCs. Then the authors present the use of undifferentiated hPSCs for examining embryonic toxicity and discuss drug screening possibilities in hPSC-derived models. The authors focus on the application of human cardiomyocytes, hepatocytes, and neural cultures in toxicity testing, and discuss the recent possibilities for drug screening in a 'body-on-a-chip' model system. Expert opinion: hPSCs and their genetically engineered derivatives provide new possibilities to investigate drug toxicity in human tissues. The key issues in this regard are still the selection and generation of proper model systems, and the interpretation of the results in understanding in vivo drug effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ágota Apáti
- a Institute of Enzymology , Research Centre for Natural Sciences , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Nóra Varga
- a Institute of Enzymology , Research Centre for Natural Sciences , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Tünde Berecz
- a Institute of Enzymology , Research Centre for Natural Sciences , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Zsuzsa Erdei
- a Institute of Enzymology , Research Centre for Natural Sciences , Budapest , Hungary
| | - László Homolya
- a Institute of Enzymology , Research Centre for Natural Sciences , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Balázs Sarkadi
- a Institute of Enzymology , Research Centre for Natural Sciences , Budapest , Hungary
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Dorval T, Chanrion B, Cattin ME, Stephan JP. Filling the drug discovery gap: is high-content screening the missing link? Curr Opin Pharmacol 2018; 42:40-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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50
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Archer CR, Sargeant R, Basak J, Pilling J, Barnes JR, Pointon A. Characterization and Validation of a Human 3D Cardiac Microtissue for the Assessment of Changes in Cardiac Pathology. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10160. [PMID: 29976997 PMCID: PMC6033897 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28393-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmaceutical agents despite their efficacy to treat disease can cause additional unwanted cardiovascular side effects. Cardiotoxicity is characterized by changes in either the function and/or structure of the myocardium. Over recent years, functional cardiotoxicity has received much attention, however morphological damage to the myocardium and/or loss of viability still requires improved detection and mechanistic insights. A human 3D cardiac microtissue containing human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPS-CMs), cardiac endothelial cells and cardiac fibroblasts was used to assess their suitability to detect drug induced changes in cardiac structure. Histology and clinical pathology confirmed these cardiac microtissues were morphologically intact, lacked a necrotic/apoptotic core and contained all relevant cell constituents. High-throughput methods to assess mitochondrial membrane potential, endoplasmic reticulum integrity and cellular viability were developed and 15 FDA approved structural cardiotoxins and 14 FDA approved non-structural cardiotoxins were evaluated. We report that cardiac microtissues provide a high-throughput experimental model that is both able to detect changes in cardiac structure at clinically relevant concentrations and provide insights into the phenotypic mechanisms of this liability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline R Archer
- Safety and ADME Translational Sciences, Drug Safety and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, CB4 0WG, UK
| | - Rebecca Sargeant
- Pathology Sciences, Drug Safety and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, CB4 0WG, UK
| | - Jayati Basak
- Safety and ADME Translational Sciences, Drug Safety and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, CB4 0WG, UK
| | - James Pilling
- Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, CB4 0WG, UK
| | - Jennifer R Barnes
- Pathology Sciences, Drug Safety and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, CB4 0WG, UK
| | - Amy Pointon
- Safety and ADME Translational Sciences, Drug Safety and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, CB4 0WG, UK.
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