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Wagenaars F, Cenijn P, Scholze M, Frädrich C, Renko K, Köhrle J, Hamers T. Screening for endocrine disrupting chemicals inhibiting monocarboxylate 8 (MCT8) transporter facilitated thyroid hormone transport using a modified nonradioactive assay. Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 96:105770. [PMID: 38151217 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Early neurodevelopmental processes are strictly dependent on spatial and temporally modulated of thyroid hormone (TH) availability and action. Thyroid hormone transmembrane transporters (THTMT) are critical for regulating the local concentrations of TH, namely thyroxine (T4) and 3,5,3'-tri-iodothyronine (T3), in the brain. Monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) is one of the most prominent THTMT. Genetically induced deficiencies in expression, function or localization of MCT8 are associated with irreversible and severe neurodevelopmental adversities. Due to the importance of MCT8 in brain development, studies addressing chemical interferences of MCT8 facilitated T3 uptake are a crucial step to identify TH system disrupting chemicals with this specific mode of action. Recently a non-radioactive in vitro assay has been developed to rapidly screen for endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) acting upon MCT8 mediated transport. This study explored the use of an UV-light digestion step as an alternative for the original ammonium persulfate (APS) digestion step. The non-radioactive TH uptake assay, with the incorporated UV-light digestion step of TH, was then used to screen a set of 31 reference chemicals and environmentally relevant substances to detect inhibition of MCT8-depending T3 uptake. This alternative assay identified three novel MCT8 inhibitors: methylmercury, bisphenol-AF and bisphenol-Z and confirmed previously known MCT8 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Wagenaars
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-Life), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU), De Boelelaan 1085, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Cenijn
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-Life), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU), De Boelelaan 1085, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martin Scholze
- Brunel University London, Centre for Pollution Research and Policy, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Caroline Frädrich
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Hessische Strasse 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kostja Renko
- German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R), Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Josef Köhrle
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Hessische Strasse 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Timo Hamers
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-Life), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU), De Boelelaan 1085, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Atteia HH. A combination of silymarin and garlic extract enhances thyroid hormone activation and body metabolism in orally intoxicated male rats with atrazine: Impact on hepatic iodothyronine deiodinase type 1. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 199:105801. [PMID: 38458692 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.105801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Atrazine is a widely applied herbicide to improve crop yield and maintain general health. It has been reported to impair thyroid function and architecture in experimental animals. Alterations in thyroid hormones disrupt normal body function and metabolism. Silymarin, a hepatoprotective flavonolignan, was found to improve thyroid function and body metabolism. Additionally, garlic displays several protective effects on body organs. Therefore, this study explored the prophylactic impact of natural compounds comprising silymarin and garlic extract on disrupted thyroid function, hepatic iodothyronine deiodinase type 1, and metabolic parameters in atrazine-intoxicated male rats. We found that daily pre- and co-treatment of atrazine-intoxicated male rats with silymarin (100 mg/kg, p.o) and/or garlic extract (10 mg/kg, p.o) significantly improved thyroid activation and hepatic functionality as evidenced by the re-establishment of T3, T3/T4, and TSH values as well as ALT and AST activities. Interestingly, individual or concurrent supplementation of the atrazine group with silymarin and garlic extract prevented the down-regulation in hepatic iodothyronine deiodinase type 1. These effects were coupled with the repletion of serum and hepatic antioxidants and the amelioration of lipid peroxidation. In addition, current natural products markedly alleviated weight gain, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance. Notably, a cocktail of silymarin and garlic extract exerted superior protection against atrazine-triggered deterioration of thyroid, hepatic, and metabolic functioning to individual treatments. Present findings pinpoint the prophylactic and synergistic influence of silymarin and garlic extract combinatorial regimen on thyroid activation and body metabolism via enhancing antioxidant potential, maintaining hepatic function, and iodothyronine deiodinase type 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hebatallah Husseini Atteia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Sharkia Gov., Egypt.
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Li Y, Zhang Z, Wang J, Shan Y, Tian H, Cui P, Ru S. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) TRβ- and TTR-based electrochemical biosensors: Construction and application for the evaluation of thyroid-disrupting activity of bisphenols. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 330:121745. [PMID: 37127237 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid-disrupting chemicals (TDCs) have received increasing concerns because of their negative health impacts on both wildlife and humans. This study aimed to develop in vitro screening assays for TDCs based on thyroid hormone receptor β (TRβ) and transthyretin (TTR) proteins. Firstly, the recombinant ligand-binding domain of TRβ (TRβ-LBD) and TTR proteins of zebrafish were produced by eukaryotic expression system and then used as bio-recognition components to construct electrochemical biosensors. In the biosensors, the supported bilayer lipid membrane (s-BLM) was used as a matrix to immobilize proteins, and gold nanoflowers (AuNFs) were used to improve the sensitivity by increasing electroactive surface area. Under the optimizing conditions, the zfTRβ-LBD/AuNFs/s-BLM/GCE biosensor had a detection range of 0.23 nM-1.92 μM and a detection limit of 0.07 nM for triiodothyronine (T3), while the zfTTR/AuNFs/s-BLM/GCE biosensor had a detection range of 0.46 nM-3.84 μM, with a detection limit of 0.13 nM. Based on the constructed biosensors, the order of T3 equivalent concentrations of bisphenols was BPA ≈ BPS > BPF > BPAF ≈ BPAP > BPZ, which was similar to the results of recombinant TRβ two-hybrid yeast assay. Furthermore, the reliability of the biosensors was validated by molecular docking, in which BPA and BPS showed higher binding affinity to zfTRβ-LBD. Therefore, this study provided a valuable tool for efficiently screening TDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejiao Li
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Zhenzhong Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Yeqi Shan
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology & Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Hua Tian
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Pengfei Cui
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Shaoguo Ru
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China.
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Singh DP, Packirisamy G. Applications of nanotechnology to combat the problems associated with modern food. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:479-487. [PMID: 35870139 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Currently, modern lifestyle diseases (LSD) such as cancer, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular and thyroid disease are commonly seen among people of different age groups. One of the root causes of this LSD is the type of food that we are eating. Staple crops like rice, sugarcane, vegetables and wheat are grown with the application of agrochemicals (e.g., glyphosate), traces of which are found in our food; after that, it gets ultra-processed in factories; e.g., chips and snacks are fried using saturated fats (trans fat); sugar and wheat (derivatives bread, buns, cookies) are processed using toxic chemicals (bleaching agents). As a result, the nutritional value of food is compromised due to low dietary fiber content and synthetic additives - e.g., sucralose (artificial sweetener) - which promotes inflammation and weakens our immune system, causing our body to become sensitive to microbial infection and many other LSDs. To strengthen the immune system, people start taking synthetically prepared supplements and drugs for a prolonged time, which further deteriorates the body organs and their normal function; e.g., prolonged medication for hypothyroidism poses a risk of heart attack and joint pain. Nanotechnology solves the above problems in the food, nutraceuticals and agriculture sectors. Nanotechnology-based naturally processed products such as nano-nutraceuticals, nanofood, nanofertilizers and nanopesticides will benefit our health. They possess desirable properties such as high bioavailability, targeted delivery, least processing and sustained release. With the help of nanotechnology, we can get nutritional and agrochemical-free food. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dravin Pratap Singh
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Gopinath Packirisamy
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
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Kim M, An G, Lim W, Song G. Fluroxypyr-1-methylheptyl ester induced ROS production and mitochondrial apoptosis through the MAPK signaling cascade in porcine trophectoderm and uterine luminal epithelial cells. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 187:105196. [PMID: 36127068 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
FPMH (Fluroxypyr-1-methylheptyl ester) is a synthetic auxin herbicide used in agriculture. The mechanism by which FPMH induces adverse effects in porcine trophectoderm (pTr) and porcine uterine luminal epithelial (pLE) cells, which are involved in porcine implantation, have not been studied yet. Therefore, the present study investigates the toxicological effects of FPMH on pTr and pLE cells. We confirmed that FPMH induced cytotoxic effects on the cells, including apoptosis induction, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) depolarization, and ROS production. The phosphorylation of the MAPK pathway (ERK1/2, JNK, and p38) was dysregulated by FPMH administration. In addition, FPMH could suppress cell-cell adhesion and migration abilities of pTr and pLE, which are crucial for implantation. Therefore, exposure to FPMH induced adverse effects in pTr and pLE cells and could result in implantation failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miji Kim
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Garam An
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Whasun Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Cocco P. Time for Re-Evaluating the Human Carcinogenicity of Ethylenedithiocarbamate Fungicides? A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:2632. [PMID: 35270318 PMCID: PMC8909994 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In January 2021, the European Union ended the license of Mancozeb, the bestselling ethylenedithiocarbamate (EBDC) fungicide, because of some properties typical of human carcinogens. This decision contrasts the IARC classification of EBDC fungicides (Group 3, not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity). A systematic review of the scientific literature was conducted to explore the current evidence. METHODS Human and experimental studies of cancer and exposure to EBDC fungicides (Mancozeb, Maneb, Zineb, and others) and ethylene thiourea (ETU), their major metabolite, published in English as of December 2021, were retrieved using PubMed, the list of references of the relevant reports, and grey literature. RESULTS The epidemiological evidence of EBDC carcinogenicity is inadequate, with two studies each suggesting an association with melanoma and brain cancer and inconsistent findings for thyroid cancer. Experimental animal studies point at thyroid cancer in rats and liver cancer in mice, while multiple organs were affected following the long-term oral administration of Mancozeb. The mechanism of thyroid carcinogenesis in rats has also been shown to occur in humans. Genotoxic effects have been reported. CONCLUSIONS The results of this systematic review suggest inadequate evidence for the carcinogenicity of EBDC fungicides from human studies and sufficient evidence from animal studies, with positive results on three out of ten key characteristics of carcinogens applying to humans as well. An IARC re-evaluation of the human carcinogenicity of EBDC fungicides is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierluigi Cocco
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Division of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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Yang F, Cui Y, Yu H, Guo Y, Cheng Y, Yao W, Xie Y. Identifying potential thyroid hormone disrupting effects among diphenyl ether structure pesticides and their metabolites in silico. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 288:132575. [PMID: 34656618 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The environmental and dietary pesticide exposures can cause thyroid hormones (THs) disorders, which are associated with the high incidence of thyroid diseases worldwide. The structures of diphenyl ether pesticides and their metabolites are very similar to the structure of THs. Based on this, in silico molecular simulation approaches were used to predict, screen, evaluate and identify the binding interactions of 98 diphenyl ether structure pesticides and their metabolites (DEPMs) with 10 THs related proteins in the study. The research results indicated that these DEPMs such as fluoroglycofen (FOG), rafoxanide, diclofop, ethoxyfen and difenopenten were considered to have the greater potentials to interfere with the related proteins of THs biosynthesis, blood transport, receptor binding and metabolism. And FOG can interact with thyroid hormone receptor beta (TRβ) to form non-bond interactions. Furthermore, the results of molecular dynamics simulations showed that there were strong and stable interactions between FOG and TRβ. These results suggested that the herbicide FOG was likely to disturb THs nuclear receptor. And benzene rings and hydrophobic groups might be the characteristic chemical functional groups for DEPMs to disrupt TRβ. The relevant results of this study can be used to provide references for environmental toxicology evaluation, food safety risk assessment, and formulation and revision of pesticides and their metabolites residue limits in agricultural products and food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangwei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China; Engineering Research Center of Dairy Quality and Safety Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University, No.235 Daxue West Road, Hohhot, 010021, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Food Safety, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wux, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yiwen Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Food Safety, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wux, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Food Safety, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wux, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yahui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China; Engineering Research Center of Dairy Quality and Safety Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University, No.235 Daxue West Road, Hohhot, 010021, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Food Safety, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wux, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuliang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Food Safety, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wux, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Weirong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Food Safety, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wux, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yunfei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China; Engineering Research Center of Dairy Quality and Safety Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University, No.235 Daxue West Road, Hohhot, 010021, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Food Safety, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wux, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Zekri Y, Agnol LD, Flamant F. In vitro assessment of pesticides capacity to act as agonists/antagonists of the thyroid hormone nuclear receptors. iScience 2021; 24:102957. [PMID: 34485856 PMCID: PMC8403745 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemicals acting as thyroid hormone disruptors (THDs) are of a particular concern for public health, considering the importance of this hormone in neurodevelopment and metabolic processes. They might either alter the circulating level of thyroid hormone (TH) or interfere with the cellular response to the hormonal stimulation. In order to assess this later possibility we selected 39 pesticides and combined several in vitro tests. Reporter assays respectively addressed the transactivation capacity of the full-length TH nuclear receptor TRα1, the transactivation capacity of its C-terminal ligand binding domain, or the ability of the hormone to destabilize the interaction between TRα1 and the transcriptional corepressor NcoR. Although some pesticides elicit a cellular response, which sometimes interferes with TH signaling, RNA-seq analysis provided no evidence that they can act as TRα1 agonists or antagonists. Their neurodevelopmental toxicity in mammals cannot be explained by an alteration of the response to TH. Pesticides were tested for their capacity to interfere with thyroid hormone receptors Three reporter assays were combined to identify possible agonists/antagonists The tested pesticides are not major disruptors of thyroid hormone signaling
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanis Zekri
- Romain Guyot Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Univ Lyon, CNRS UMR 5242, INRAE USC 1370 École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 46 allee d'Italie, 69364 Lyon, France
| | - Laure Dall Agnol
- Romain Guyot Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Univ Lyon, CNRS UMR 5242, INRAE USC 1370 École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 46 allee d'Italie, 69364 Lyon, France
| | - Frédéric Flamant
- Romain Guyot Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Univ Lyon, CNRS UMR 5242, INRAE USC 1370 École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 46 allee d'Italie, 69364 Lyon, France
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Seralini GE, Jungers G. Endocrine disruptors also function as nervous disruptors and can be renamed endocrine and nervous disruptors (ENDs). Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:1538-1557. [PMID: 34430217 PMCID: PMC8365328 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocrine disruption (ED) and endocrine disruptors (EDs) emerged as scientific concepts in 1995, after numerous chemical pollutants were found to be responsible for reproductive dysfunction. The World Health Organization established in the United Nations Environment Programme a list of materials, plasticizers, pesticides, and various pollutants synthesized from petrochemistry that impact not only reproduction, but also hormonal functions, directly or indirectly. Cells communicate via either chemical or electrical signals transmitted within the endocrine or nervous systems. To investigate whether hormone disruptors may also interfere directly or indirectly with the development or functioning of the nervous system through either a neuroendocrine or a more general mechanism, we examined the scientific literature to ascertain the effects of EDs on the nervous system, specifically in the categories of neurotoxicity, cognition, and behaviour. To date, we demonstrated that all of the 177 EDs identified internationally by WHO are known to have an impact on the nervous system. Furthermore, the precise mechanisms underlying this neurodisruption have also been established. It was previously believed that EDs primarily function via the thyroid. However, this study presents substantial evidence that approximately 80 % of EDs operate via other mechanisms. It thus outlines a novel concept: EDs are also neurodisruptors (NDs) and can be collectively termed endocrine and nervous disruptors (ENDs). Most of ENDs are derived from petroleum residues, and their various mechanisms of action are similar to those of "spam" in electronic communications technologies. Therefore, ENDs can be considered as an instance of spam in a biological context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles-Eric Seralini
- University of Caen Normandy, Network on Risks, Quality and Sustainable Development, Faculty of Sciences, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032, Caen, France
| | - Gerald Jungers
- University of Caen Normandy, Network on Risks, Quality and Sustainable Development, Faculty of Sciences, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032, Caen, France
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Tavalieri YE, Galoppo GH, Canesini G, Luque EH, Muñoz-de-Toro MM. Effects of agricultural pesticides on the reproductive system of aquatic wildlife species, with crocodilians as sentinel species. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 518:110918. [PMID: 32619582 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Agricultural pesticides represent a significant class of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) to which non-target organisms around the world are constantly exposed. Laboratory studies have found strong evidence showing the endocrine-disruptive potential of these pesticides at environmentally relevant exposure levels. Since the field of endocrine disruption continues to grow in richness and complexity, this review aims to provide an update on the effects of two agricultural pesticides that act as EDCs: atrazine and endosulfan. We will focus mainly on the effects on crocodilians due to their worldwide occurrence in tropical and sub-tropical wetland ecosystems and their ecological and physiological features, which render them vulnerable to exposure to pesticides with endocrine-disrupting action at all life stages. The results here reviewed provide important insights into the effects of hormonally active agricultural pesticides at cellular, tissue, and organ levels in the reproductive system of crocodiles. A better understanding of the effects of exposure to environmentally relevant doses of EDCs on the reproductive system of crocodilians will contribute to protect and improve the health of both wildlife species and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y E Tavalieri
- Laboratorio de EcoFisioPatología, Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - G H Galoppo
- Laboratorio de EcoFisioPatología, Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - G Canesini
- Laboratorio de EcoFisioPatología, Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - E H Luque
- Laboratorio de EcoFisioPatología, Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - M M Muñoz-de-Toro
- Laboratorio de EcoFisioPatología, Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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Ren XM, Kuo Y, Blumberg B. Agrochemicals and obesity. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 515:110926. [PMID: 32619583 PMCID: PMC7484009 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Obesity has become a very large concern worldwide, reaching pandemic proportions over the past several decades. Lifestyle factors, such as excess caloric intake and decreased physical activity, together with genetic predispositions, are well-known factors related to obesity. There is accumulating evidence suggesting that exposure to some environmental chemicals during critical windows of development may contribute to the rapid increase in the incidence of obesity. Agrochemicals are a class of chemicals extensively used in agriculture, which have been widely detected in human. There is now considerable evidence linking human exposure to agrochemicals with obesity. This review summarizes human epidemiological evidence and experimental animal studies supporting the association between agrochemical exposure and obesity and outlines possible mechanistic underpinnings for this link.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Min Ren
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697-2300, USA
| | - Yun Kuo
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697-2300, USA
| | - Bruce Blumberg
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697-2300, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
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12
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Galoppo GH, Tavalieri YE, Schierano-Marotti G, Osti MR, Luque EH, Muñoz-de-Toro MM. Long-term effects of in ovo exposure to an environmentally relevant dose of atrazine on the thyroid gland of Caiman latirostris. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 186:109410. [PMID: 32283336 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The increased incidence of human thyroid disorders, particularly in women, suggests that the exposure to endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) together with sex-related factors could play a role in thyroid dysregulation. Since the herbicide atrazine (ATZ) is an environmental EDC suspected to behave as a thyroid disruptor, and Caiman latirostris is a crocodilian species highly sensitive to endocrine disruption that can be exposed to ATZ, this study aimed to describe the histoarchitecture and sexually dimorphic features of the thyroid gland of C. latirostris, and to determine the long-term effects of in ovo exposure to an environmentally relevant dose of ATZ (0.2 ppm) on its thyroid gland and growth. Control caimans showed no sexual dimorphisms. In contrast, ATZ-exposed caimans showed altered embryo growth but an unaltered temporal pattern of development and a sexually dimorphic response in the body condition index growth curves postnatally, which suggests a female-related increase in fat storage. Besides, both male and female exposed caimans showed increases in the size of the thyroid stromal compartment, content of interstitial collagen, and follicular hyperplasia, and decreases in the expression of androgen receptor in the follicular epithelium. ATZ-exposed females, but not males, also showed evidences of thyroid enlargement, colloid depletion, increased follicular epithelial height and increased presence of microfollicular structures. Our results demonstrate that prenatal exposure of caimans to ATZ causes thyroid disruption and that females were more vulnerable to ATZ than males. The effects were organizational and observed long after exposure ended. These findings alert on ATZ side-effects on the growth, metabolism, reproduction and development of non-target exposed organisms, particularly females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germán Hugo Galoppo
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL), Universidad Nacional del Litoral - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 4to piso, CP3000, Santa Fe, Argentina; Cátedra de Patología Humana, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 4to piso, CP3000, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Yamil Ezequiel Tavalieri
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL), Universidad Nacional del Litoral - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 4to piso, CP3000, Santa Fe, Argentina; Cátedra de Patología Humana, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 4to piso, CP3000, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Gonzalo Schierano-Marotti
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL), Universidad Nacional del Litoral - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 4to piso, CP3000, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Mario Raúl Osti
- Cátedra de Patología Humana, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 4to piso, CP3000, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Enrique Hugo Luque
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL), Universidad Nacional del Litoral - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 4to piso, CP3000, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Mónica Milagros Muñoz-de-Toro
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL), Universidad Nacional del Litoral - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 4to piso, CP3000, Santa Fe, Argentina; Cátedra de Patología Humana, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 4to piso, CP3000, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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13
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Nováková Z, Novák J, Kitanovski Z, Kukučka P, Smutná M, Wietzoreck M, Lammel G, Hilscherová K. Toxic potentials of particulate and gaseous air pollutant mixtures and the role of PAHs and their derivatives. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 139:105634. [PMID: 32446144 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution, which represents a major environmental risk to human health, comprises a complex mixture of compounds where only little is known about its specific toxicities. OBJECTIVES This study examined the specific toxicities associated with ambient air pollutant mixtures with respect to gas/particle partitioning, particulate matter (PM) size, pollutant polarity and bioaccessibility from PM, and evaluated the contribution of PAHs and their oxygenated and nitrated derivatives (OPAHs, NPAHs). METHODS Air samples (gas phase, PM10 and size-segregated PM), were collected at urban (in winter and summer) and background (winter) sites in the Czech Republic. The total and bioaccessible concentrations were addressed using organic solvent extraction and simulated lung fluid extraction, respectively. Organic extracts were also further fractionated according to polarity. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-mediated activity, anti-/estrogenicity, anti-/androgenicity, thyroid receptor (TR)-mediated activity and cytotoxicity for bronchial cells were determined by human cell-based in vitro bioassays. The contribution of studied compounds to observed effects was assessed by both modelling and reconstructing the mixtures. RESULTS Significant effects were detected in the sub-micrometre size fraction of PM (estrogenicity, androgenicity, TR- and AhR-mediated activities) and in the gas phase (TR-mediated activity, antiandrogenicity). Compounds interacting with TR showed high bioaccessibility to simulated lung fluid. Relatively lower bioaccessibility was observed for estrogenicity and AhR-mediated activity. However, the toxicity testing of reconstructed mixtures revealed that the targeted pollutants are not the main contributors, except for urban PM air pollution in winter, where they accounted for 5-88% of several effects detected in the original complex environmental samples. DISCUSSION Studied toxicities were mostly driven by polar compounds largely attributed to the easily inhalable PM1, which is of high relevance for human health risk assessment. Except of parent PAHs in some cases, the targeted compounds contributed to the detected effects mostly to a relatively low extent implying huge data gaps in terms of endocrine disruptive potencies of targeted substances and the significance of other polar compounds present in ambient air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Nováková
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Novák
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zoran Kitanovski
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Multiphase Chemistry Department, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Petr Kukučka
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Smutná
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marco Wietzoreck
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Multiphase Chemistry Department, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Gerhard Lammel
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Multiphase Chemistry Department, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Klára Hilscherová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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Lühmann K, Lille-Langøy R, Øygarden L, Kovacs KM, Lydersen C, Goksøyr A, Routti H. Environmental Pollutants Modulate Transcriptional Activity of Nuclear Receptors of Whales In Vitro. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:5629-5639. [PMID: 32212695 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b06952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the transcriptional activity of fin (Balaenoptera physalus) and blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus) peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARG), glucocorticoid receptor (GR), and thyroid hormone receptor β (THRB), when exposed to 14 persistent organic pollutants (so-called "legacy" persistent organic pollutants (POPs)) and a synthetic mixture of POPs, using GAL4-UAS-based in vitro luciferase reporter gene assays. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) had both agonistic and antagonistic effects on PPARG and GR, and mainly antagonistic, except for PCB153, effects on THRB. 1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) and its metabolites had mainly antagonistic effects on all of the receptors, except for o,p'-DDT. Given that the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of PPARG is the same in killer whales, white whales, polar bears, and humans, and that GR-LBD is identical in killer whales and minke whales and that the LBD of THRB is the same in killer whales, white whales, and humans, it is likely that the results of this study are representative for these other species as well. It is important to note that several environmental pollutants modulated the transcriptional activity of tested nuclear receptors at environmentally relevant concentrations for whales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Lühmann
- Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, Tromsø 9296, Norway
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, Landau in der Pfalz 76829, Germany
| | - Roger Lille-Langøy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen 5020, Norway
| | - Lene Øygarden
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen 5020, Norway
| | - Kit M Kovacs
- Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, Tromsø 9296, Norway
| | | | - Anders Goksøyr
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen 5020, Norway
| | - Heli Routti
- Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, Tromsø 9296, Norway
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15
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Warner GR, Mourikes VE, Neff AM, Brehm E, Flaws JA. Mechanisms of action of agrochemicals acting as endocrine disrupting chemicals. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 502:110680. [PMID: 31838026 PMCID: PMC6942667 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Agrochemicals represent a significant class of endocrine disrupting chemicals that humans and animals around the world are exposed to constantly. Agrochemicals can act as endocrine disrupting chemicals through a variety of mechanisms. Recent studies have shown that several mechanisms of action involve the ability of agrochemicals to mimic the interaction of endogenous hormones with nuclear receptors such as estrogen receptors, androgen receptors, peroxisome proliferator activated receptors, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, and thyroid hormone receptors. Further, studies indicate that agrochemicals can exert toxicity through non-nuclear receptor-mediated mechanisms of action. Such non-genomic mechanisms of action include interference with peptide, steroid, or amino acid hormone response, synthesis and degradation as well as epigenetic changes (DNA methylation and histone modifications). This review summarizes the major mechanisms of action by which agrochemicals target the endocrine system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genoa R Warner
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61802, IL, United States
| | - Vasiliki E Mourikes
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61802, IL, United States
| | - Alison M Neff
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61802, IL, United States
| | - Emily Brehm
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61802, IL, United States
| | - Jodi A Flaws
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61802, IL, United States.
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16
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Mortensen ÅK, Mæhre S, Kristiansen K, Heimstad ES, Gabrielsen GW, Jenssen BM, Sylte I. Homology modeling to screen for potential binding of contaminants to thyroid hormone receptor and transthyretin in glaucous gull (Larus hyperboreus) and herring gull (Larus argentatus). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comtox.2020.100120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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17
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Li S, Qiao K, Jiang Y, Wu Q, Coffin S, Gui W, Zhu G. Disruptive effects of two organotin pesticides on the thyroid signaling pathway in Xenopus laevis during metamorphosis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 697:134140. [PMID: 31476497 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Organotin compounds are the ubiquitous environmental pollutants due to their wide industrial and agricultural applications and unexpected releasing into the environment, which show characteristic of endocrine disruptors to interfere with the synthesis, receptor binding or action of endogenous-hormones. Organotin pesticides (OTPs) are used in agriculture and may impact endocrine functions on organisms. Thyroid hormones (THs) play fundamental roles in regulating the basal metabolism and energy balance, while thyroid function can be impaired by environmental contaminants. Therefore, it is crucial to clarify the effects and mechanisms of OTPs on hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis. In this study, Xenopus laevis tadpoles at stage 51 were exposed to fentin hydroxide and fenbutatin oxide (0.04, 0.20 and 1.00 μg·L-1) for 21 days. It was found that both compounds caused inhibitory effects on metamorphic development of tadpoles (e.g., significant decrease in hindlimb length and retarding development). Triiodothyronine (T3) significantly decreased in tadpoles exposed to 0.20 μg/L and 1.00 μg/L of the two OTPs for 14 days or 21 days. The expressions of TH responsive genes trβ, bteb and dio2 were down-regulated, while tshβ and slc5a5 were up-regulated. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) binding assays showed that fentin hydroxide had a moderate affinity to recombinant human thyroid hormone receptor β but fenbutatin oxide did not have. Result of the SPR assay was highly consistent with the luciferase reporter gene assays that fentin hydroxide suppressed the relative luciferase activity in the presence of T3 while fenbutatin oxide did not, demonstrating fentin hydroxide but not fenbutatin oxide displayed an antagonistic activity against T3-TR complex mediated transcriptional activation. Overall, the findings elucidated the mechanisms induced by OTPs along HPT axis. These results highlighted the adverse influences of organotin pesticides on thyroid hormone- dependent development in vertebrates and the need for more comprehensive investigations of their potential ecological risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuying Li
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Kun Qiao
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Yao Jiang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Scott Coffin
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States
| | - Wenjun Gui
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
| | - Guonian Zhu
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
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18
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Leemans M, Couderq S, Demeneix B, Fini JB. Pesticides With Potential Thyroid Hormone-Disrupting Effects: A Review of Recent Data. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:743. [PMID: 31920955 PMCID: PMC6915086 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant Protection Products, more commonly referred to as pesticides and biocides, are used to control a wide range of yield-reducing pests including insects, fungi, nematodes, and weeds. Concern has been raised that some pesticides may act as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) with the potential to interfere with the hormone systems of non-target invertebrates and vertebrates, including humans. EDCs act at low doses and particularly vulnerable periods of exposure include pre- and perinatal development. Of critical concern is the number of pesticides with the potential to interfere with the developing nervous system and brain, notably with thyroid hormone signaling. Across vertebrates, thyroid hormone orchestrates metamorphosis, brain development, and metabolism. Pesticide action on thyroid homeostasis can involve interference with TH production and its control, displacement from distributor proteins and liver metabolism. Here we focused on thyroid endpoints for each of the different classes of pesticides reviewing epidemiological and experimental studies carried out both in in vivo and in vitro. We conclude first, that many pesticides were placed on the market with insufficient testing, other than acute or chronic toxicity, and second, that thyroid-specific endpoints for neurodevelopmental effects and mixture assessment are largely absent from regulatory directives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Leemans
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS UMR 7221, Laboratoire Physiologie moléculaire de l'adaptation, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Jean-Baptiste Fini
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS UMR 7221, Laboratoire Physiologie moléculaire de l'adaptation, Paris, France
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19
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Jiao F, Qiao K, Jiang Y, Li S, Zhao J, Gui W. Integrated thyroid endocrine disrupting effect on zebrafish (Danio rario) larvae via simultaneously repressing type II iodothyronine deiodinase and activating thyroid receptor-mediated signaling following waterborne exposure to trace azocyclotin. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 255:113328. [PMID: 31671316 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
As a widely used organotin acaricide nowadays, azocyclotin (ACT) could induce thyroidal endocrine disruption in fishes and amphibians, but its dominant disrupting mode remains unknown. In this study, zebrafish were firstly exposed to ACT (0.18-0.36 ng/mL) from 2 hpf (hours post fertilization) to 30 dpf (days post fertilization), and a series of developmental toxicological endpoints and thyroid hormones were measured. Result showed that no developmental toxicity to zebrafish was found in 0.18 and 0.24 ng/mL groups except decreased body weight (30 dpf, 0.24 ng/mL). However, exposed to 0.36 ng/mL ACT led to reductions in heartbeat (48 hpf), hatching rate (72 hpf) and bodyweight (30 dpf). General tendencies of decreases in free T3 but increases in free T4 and reductions in ratio of free T3/T4 were also found, inferring that type II deiodinase (Dio2) was repressed. This inference was confirmed by Western analysis that Dio2 expression reduced by 42.7% after 0.36 ng/mL ACT treatment. Moreover, RNA-Seq analysis implied that exposed to 0.36 ng/mL ACT altered the genome-wide gene expression profiles of zebrafish. Totally 5660 genes (involving 3154 down-regulated and 2596 up-regulated genes) were differentially expressed, and 13 deferentially expressed genes including down-regulated dio2 were significantly enriched in thyroid hormone signaling pathway. Subsequently, an in vitro thyroid receptor-reporter gene assay using GH3 cells was performed to further explore the potential disrupting mechanism. Result showed that luciferase activity slightly increased after exposure to ACT alone or ACT combined with low level T3, but was suppressed when combined with high level T3. It indicted there probably existed a competitive relationship in some extent between ACT and T3 in vivo. Overall, the present study provided preliminary evidences that long-term exposure to trace ACT repressed Dio2 expression, declined T3 and then activated thyroid receptor-mediated signaling, thereby leading to integrated thyroid endocrine disruption in zebrafish larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Jiao
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Kun Qiao
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Yao Jiang
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Shuying Li
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Jinghao Zhao
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Wenjun Gui
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
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20
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Xu C, Sun X, Niu L, Yang W, Tu W, Lu L, Song S, Liu W. Enantioselective thyroid disruption in zebrafish embryo-larvae via exposure to environmental concentrations of the chloroacetamide herbicide acetochlor. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 653:1140-1148. [PMID: 30759554 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Acetochlor (ACT) is a chiral chloroacetamide pesticide that has been heavily used around the world, resulting in its residues being frequently found in surface waters. It has been reported that ACT is an endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC) with strong thyroid hormone-disrupting activity in aquatic organisms. However, the enantioselectivity underlying thyroid disruption has yet to be understood. In this study, using a zebrafish embryo-larvae model, the enantioselective thyroid disruption of ACT was investigated at a series of environmentally relevant concentrations (1, 2, 10 and 50 μg/L). Our results showed that both racemic ACT and its enantiomers significantly increased the malformation rates of embryos at 72 h postfertilization (hpf). Decreased thyroxine (T4) contents and increased triiodothyronine (T3) contents were found in larvae at 120 hpf, with (+)-S-ACT exhibiting a greater effect than (-)-R-enantiomer. Similarly, (+)-S-ACT also showed a stronger effect on the mRNA expressions of thyroid hormone receptors (TRα and TRβ), deiodinase2 (Dio2) and thyroid-stimulating hormone-β (TSHβ) genes. The observed enantioselectivity in TR expressions was consistent with that of in silico binding analysis, which suggested that (+)-S-enantiomer binds more potently to the TRs than (-)-R-enantiomer. In general, ACT enantiomers showed different influences on the secretion of THs, expression of TH-related key genes and binding affinity to TRs. Considering the different toxicity of different enantiomers, our study highlights the importance of enantioselectivity in understanding of thyroid disruption effects of chiral pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
| | - Xiaohui Sun
- Zhejiang Environmental Monitoring Centre, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Lili Niu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, 310036, China; International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Wenqing Tu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China; China Research Institute of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330029, China
| | - Liping Lu
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shuang Song
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Weiping Liu
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Mesnage R, Biserni M, Genkova D, Wesolowski L, Antoniou MN. Evaluation of neonicotinoid insecticides for oestrogenic, thyroidogenic and adipogenic activity reveals imidacloprid causes lipid accumulation. J Appl Toxicol 2018; 38:1483-1491. [PMID: 29952068 PMCID: PMC6221087 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have investigated non-target effects of neonicotinoid insecticides on mammalian physiology. This is largely due to the widespread perception that their weak affinity for nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes in vertebrates makes mammalian exposures unlikely to pose health risks. To the best of our knowledge, we describe the first investigation evaluating the interaction of seven principal neonicotinoid insecticides (thiamethoxam, imidacloprid, clothianidin, flupyradifurone, dinotefuran, nitenpyram, thiacloprid) with oestrogen and thyroid hormone receptors, as well as their adipogenic effects, in mammalian cell culture assay systems. An E-Screen with MCF-7 and T-Screen with GH3 cells respectively showed a lack of oestrogen and thyroid hormone receptor agonist effects for any of the neonicotinoids tested. Adipogenicity was assessed by the ability to stimulate lipid accumulation in adipocyte differentiated 3T3-L1 cells, with only imidacloprid scoring positive in this assay causing triglyceride accumulation from a concentration of 50 mg l-1 . Data mining of ToxCast high-throughput screening assays revealed that this adipogenic effect of imidacloprid is probably mediated via the pregnane X receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Mesnage
- Gene Expression and Therapy Group, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Martina Biserni
- Gene Expression and Therapy Group, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Dilyana Genkova
- Gene Expression and Therapy Group, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Ludovic Wesolowski
- Gene Expression and Therapy Group, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Michael N Antoniou
- Gene Expression and Therapy Group, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
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Xiang D, Chu T, Li M, Wang Q, Zhu G. Effects of pyrethroid pesticide cis-bifenthrin on lipogenesis in hepatic cell line. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 201:840-849. [PMID: 29554630 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests there is a link between exposure to synthetic pyrethroids (SPs) and the development of obesity. The information presented in this study suggests that cis-bifenthrin (cis-BF) could activate pregnane X receptor (PXR) mediated pathway and lead to the lipid accumulation of human hepatoma (HepG2) cells. Cells were incubated in the control or different concentrations of cis-BF for 24 h. The 1 × 10-7 M and 1 × 10-6 M cis-BF exposure were found to induce cellular triglyceride (TG) accumulation significantly. This phenomenon was further supported by Oil Red O Staining assay. The cis-BF exposure caused upregulation of PXR gene and protein. Correspondingly, we also observed the increased expression of downstream genes involved in lipid formation and the inhibition of the expression of β-oxidation. As chiral pesticide,cis-BF was further conformed to behave enantioselectivity in the lipid metabolism. Rather than 1R-cis-BF, HepG2 cells incubated with 1S-cis-BF exhibited a significant TG accumulation. 1S-cis-BF also showed a higher binding level, of which the KD value was 9.184 × 10-8 M in the SPR assay, compared with 1R-cis-BF (3.463 × 10-6 M). In addition, the molecular docking simulation analyses correlated well with the KD values measured by the SPR, indicating that 1S-cis-BF showed a better binding affinity with PXR. The results in this study also elucidates the differences between the two enantiomers of pyrethroid-induced toxicity in lipid metabolism of non-target organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Xiang
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Tianyi Chu
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Meng Li
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Qiangwei Wang
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
| | - Guonian Zhu
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
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