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Warner GR, Li Z, Flaws JA, Smith R. Year-to-year variation in phthalate metabolites in the Midlife Women's Health Study. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2023:10.1038/s41370-023-00614-1. [PMID: 38049486 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-023-00614-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Humans are widely exposed to phthalates, which are metabolized in the body and excreted in urine. Phthalate metabolites are excreted within hours of exposure, making urinary phthalate biomarker concentrations highly variable. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to characterize the long-term variability in phthalate biomarker concentrations in women across the midlife transition and to identify factors that may be associated with increased variability in those phthalate biomarker concentrations by analyzing longitudinal urinary phthalate metabolite data from the Midlife Women's Health Study (2006-2015). METHODS A total of 741 women were enrolled in the study for a period of up to 4 years, during which they each provided 2-4 urine samples per year over 4 consecutive weeks that were pooled for analysis (1876 total pools). Nine phthalate metabolites were assessed individually and as molar sums representative of common compounds (all phthalates: ƩPhthalates; DEHP: ƩDEHP), exposure sources (plastics: ƩPlastic; personal care products: ƩPCP), and modes of action (anti-androgenic: ƩAA). Phthalate metabolites were analyzed by quartile using generalized linear models. In addition, the impact of explanatory variables (race, annual family income, and type of work) on phthalate quartile was examined using ordinal logistic regression models. IMPACT STATEMENT Phthalate biomarker concentrations are highly variable among midlife women over time, and annual sampling may not be sufficient to fully characterize long-term exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genoa R Warner
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Zhong Li
- Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jodi A Flaws
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Rebecca Smith
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences, Carle-Illinois College of Medicine, Urbana, IL, USA.
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Merlo E, Zimerman J, Dos Santos FCF, Zanol JF, da Costa CS, Carneiro PH, Miranda-Alves L, Warner GR, Graceli JB. Subacute and low dose of tributyltin exposure leads to brown adipose abnormalities in male rats. Toxicol Lett 2023; 376:26-38. [PMID: 36638932 PMCID: PMC9928871 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Tributyltin (TBT) is an obesogenic endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC) linked with several metabolic complications. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is the principal site for thermogenesis, making it a potential target for obesity management and metabolic disease. However, few studies have evaluated TBT effect on BAT function. In this investigation, we assessed whether subacute (15 days) and low dose of TBT exposure (100 ng/kg/day) results in abnormal BAT morphophysiology in adult male rats. Body temperature, BAT morphology, inflammation, oxidative stress, collagen deposition and BAT metabolic gene expression markers were assessed in room temperature (Room, ∼24 ºC) and after cold tolerance test (Cold, ∼4 ºC) conditions. A reduction in body temperature was observed in both Room and Cold conditions in TBT rats, suggesting abnormal BAT thermogenic function. Changes in BAT morphology were observed in TBT rats, with an increase in BAT lipid accumulation, an increase in BAT unilocular adipocyte number and a decrease in BAT multilocular adipocyte number in Room condition. All these parameters were opposite in Cold condition TBT rats, leading to a borderline increase in BAT UCP1 protein expression. An increase in BAT mast cell number was observed in TBT rats in Room condition. An increase in ED1 protein expression (macrophage marker) was observed in TBT rats in Cold condition. Oxidative stress and collagen deposition increased in both Room and Cold conditions in TBT rats. TBT exposure caused a borderline increase in BAT COL1A1 protein expression in Cold condition. Further, strong negative correlations were observed between body temperature and BAT lipid accumulation, and BAT lipid accumulation and multilocular adipocyte number. Thus, these data suggest that TBT exposure impaired BAT morphophysiology through impacts on lipid accumulation, inflammation, fibrosis and oxidative stress in male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Merlo
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Jeanini Zimerman
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | | | - Jordana F Zanol
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Charles S da Costa
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Pedro H Carneiro
- Experimental Endocrinology Research, Development and Innovation Group, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, Ilha do Governador, Cidade Universitária, UFRJ, RJ, Brazil
| | - Leandro Miranda-Alves
- Experimental Endocrinology Research, Development and Innovation Group, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, Ilha do Governador, Cidade Universitária, UFRJ, RJ, Brazil
| | - Genoa R Warner
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, USA
| | - Jones B Graceli
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil.
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3
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Murphy M, Warner GR. Health impacts of artificial turf: Toxicity studies, challenges, and future directions. Environ Pollut 2022; 310:119841. [PMID: 35948114 PMCID: PMC10262297 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Many communities around the country are undergoing contentious battles over the installation of artificial turf. Opponents are concerned about exposure to hazardous chemicals leaching from the crumb rubber cushioning fill made of recycled tires, the plastic carpet, and other synthetic components. Numerous studies have shown that chemicals identified in artificial turf, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phthalates, and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), are known carcinogens, neurotoxicants, mutagens, and endocrine disruptors. However, few studies have looked directly at health outcomes of exposure to these chemicals in the context of artificial turf. Ecotoxicology studies in invertebrates exposed to crumb rubber have identified risks to organisms whose habitats have been contaminated by artificial turf. Chicken eggs injected with crumb rubber leachate also showed impaired development and endocrine disruption. The only human epidemiology studies conducted related to artificial turf have been highly limited in design, focusing on cancer incidence. In addition, government agencies have begun their own risk assessment studies to aid community decisions. Additional studies in in vitro and in vivo translational models, ecotoxicological systems, and human epidemiology are strongly needed to consider exposure from both field use and runoff, components other than crumb rubber, sensitive windows of development, and additional physiological endpoints. Identification of potential health effects from exposures due to spending time at artificial turf fields and adjacent environments that may be contaminated by runoff will aid in risk assessment and community decision making on the use of artificial turf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maire Murphy
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Genoa R Warner
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA.
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4
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Neff AM, Laws MJ, Warner GR, Flaws JA. The Effects of Environmental Contaminant Exposure on Reproductive Aging and the Menopause Transition. Curr Environ Health Rep 2022; 9:53-79. [PMID: 35103957 PMCID: PMC8988816 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-022-00334-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Menopause marks the end of a woman's reproductive lifetime. On average, natural menopause occurs at 51 years of age. However, some women report an earlier age of menopause than the national average. This can be problematic for women who delay starting a family. Moreover, early onset of menopause is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, depression, osteoporosis, and premature death. This review investigates associations between exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and earlier onset of menopause. RECENT FINDINGS Recent data suggest exposure to certain EDCs may accelerate reproductive aging and contribute to earlier onset of menopause. Human and rodent-based studies identify positive associations between exposure to certain EDCs/environmental contaminants and reproductive aging, earlier onset of menopause, and occurrence of vasomotor symptoms. These findings increase our understanding of the detrimental effects of EDCs on female reproduction and will help lead to the development of strategies for the treatment/prevention of EDC-induced reproductive aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M Neff
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2001 South Lincoln Avenue, 3223 Vet Med Basic Sciences Bldg, Urbana, IL, 61802, USA
| | - Mary J Laws
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2001 South Lincoln Avenue, 3223 Vet Med Basic Sciences Bldg, Urbana, IL, 61802, USA
| | - Genoa R Warner
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2001 South Lincoln Avenue, 3223 Vet Med Basic Sciences Bldg, Urbana, IL, 61802, USA
| | - Jodi A Flaws
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2001 South Lincoln Avenue, 3223 Vet Med Basic Sciences Bldg, Urbana, IL, 61802, USA.
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Yang M, Lee Y, Gao L, Chiu K, Meling DD, Flaws JA, Warner GR. Perfluorooctanoic Acid Disrupts Ovarian Steroidogenesis and Folliculogenesis in Adult Mice. Toxicol Sci 2022; 186:260-268. [PMID: 35104888 PMCID: PMC8963314 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfac005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a synthetic fluorosurfactant used in the manufacturing of fluorotelomers. Although PFOA is no longer produced in the United States, it is environmentally persistent and found in imported food packaging, cookware, and textiles. Previous studies have identified developmental toxicity of PFOA, but little is known about the effects of PFOA on the adult ovary. Thus, this study examined the effects of PFOA on hormone levels, ovarian steroidogenic gene expression, and folliculogenesis in mice in vitro and in vivo. For the in vitro studies, antral follicles from adult female mice were cultured with vehicle control or 1, 10, or 100 μg/ml PFOA for 96 h. For the in vivo studies, adult CD-1 female mice were orally dosed with vehicle control or 1, 5, 10, or 20 mg/kg/day PFOA for 10 days. Gene expression of steroidogenic enzymes, levels of sex steroid hormones, and follicle counts were analyzed. In vitro, PFOA (100 μg/ml) significantly decreased follicle growth, estradiol and estrone levels, and gene expression of StaR, Cyp11a1, and Hsd3b1 compared with controls. In vivo, exposure to PFOA significantly decreased progesterone and pregnenolone levels (5 mg/kg), increased testosterone levels (1 mg/kg), and increased gene expression of Cyp19a1 (1 mg/kg) compared with controls. Exposure to PFOA also significantly altered follicle counts by decreasing primordial follicles and increasing preantral and antral follicles (5 and 10 mg/kg) compared with controls. Collectively, these data show that PFOA disrupts adult ovarian function in a nonmonotonic matter and may pose a risk for premature ovarian failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Yang
- Department of Comparative Bioscience, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802, USA
| | - Yuna Lee
- Department of Comparative Bioscience, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802, USA
| | - Liying Gao
- Department of Comparative Bioscience, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802, USA
| | - Karen Chiu
- Department of Comparative Bioscience, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802, USA,Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802, USA
| | - Daryl D Meling
- Department of Comparative Bioscience, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802, USA
| | - Jodi A Flaws
- Department of Comparative Bioscience, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802, USA,Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802, USA,Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802, USA
| | - Genoa R Warner
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2001 S. Lincoln Avenue, Urbana, IL 61802, USA. E-mail:
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Lee Y, Rattan S, Barakat R, Inman Z, De La Torre KM, Meling DD, Monaco MH, Irudayaraj JM, Cann IK, Ko CJ, Donovan SM, Flaws JA, Warner GR. Early postnatal exposure to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate causes sex-specific disruption of gonadal development in pigs. Reprod Toxicol 2021; 105:53-61. [PMID: 34425191 PMCID: PMC8511162 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a chemical commonly used as a plasticizer to render polyvinyl chloride products more durable and flexible. Although exposure to DEHP has raised many health concerns due to the identification of DEHP as an endocrine disruptor, it is still used in consumer products, including polyvinyl chloride plastics, medical tubing, car interiors, and children's toys. To investigate the impact of early life exposure to DEHP on the ovary and testes, newborn piglets were orally dosed with DEHP (20 or 200 mg/kg/day) or vehicle control (tocopherol-stripped corn oil) for 21 days. Following treatment, ovaries, testes, and sera were harvested for histological assessment and measurement of steroid hormone levels. In male piglets, progesterone and pregnenolone levels were significantly lower in both treatment groups compared to control, whereas in female piglets, progesterone was significantly higher in the 20 mg group compared to control, indicating sex-specific effects in a non-monotonic manner. Follicle numbers and gene expression of steroidogenic enzymes and apoptotic factors were not altered in treated ovaries compared to controls. In DEHP-treated testes, germ cell migration was impaired and germ cell death was significantly increased compared to controls. Overall, the results of this study suggest that neonatal exposure to DEHP in pigs leads to sex-specific disruption of the reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuna Lee
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Saniya Rattan
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Radwa Barakat
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Qalyubia, Egypt
| | - Zane Inman
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Kathy M De La Torre
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Daryl D Meling
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Marcia H Monaco
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Joseph M Irudayaraj
- Department of Bioengineering, Grainger College of Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Isaac K Cann
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Chemyong J Ko
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Sharon M Donovan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Jodi A Flaws
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Genoa R Warner
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.
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Warner GR, Dettogni RS, Bagchi IC, Flaws JA, Graceli JB. Placental outcomes of phthalate exposure. Reprod Toxicol 2021; 103:1-17. [PMID: 34015474 PMCID: PMC8260441 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Proper placental development and function relies on hormone receptors and signaling pathways that make the placenta susceptible to disruption by endocrine disrupting chemicals, such as phthalates. Here, we review relevant research on the associations between phthalate exposures and dysfunctions of the development and function of the placenta, including morphology, physiology, and genetic and epigenetic effects. This review covers in vitro studies, in vivo studies in mammals, and studies in humans. We also discuss important gaps in the literature. Overall, the evidence indicates that toxicity to the placental and maternal-fetal interface is associated with exposure to phthalates. Further studies are needed to better elucidate the mechanisms through which phthalates act in the placenta as well as additional human studies that assess placental disruption through pregnancy with larger sample sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genoa R Warner
- Dept of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | | | - Indrani C Bagchi
- Dept of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jodi A Flaws
- Dept of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.
| | - Jones B Graceli
- Dept of Morphology, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Brazil
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Sarmento IV, Merlo E, Meyrelles SS, Vasquez EC, Warner GR, Gonsioroski A, De La Torre K, Meling DD, Flaws JA, Graceli JB. Subchronic and Low Dose of Tributyltin Exposure Leads to Reduced Ovarian Reserve, Reduced Uterine Gland Number, and Other Reproductive Irregularities in Female Mice. Toxicol Sci 2021; 176:74-85. [PMID: 32239163 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Tributyltin (TBT) chloride is an endocrine disrupting chemical associated with reproductive complications. Studies have shown that TBT targets the reproductive tract, impairing ovarian folliculogenesis, and uterine morphophysiology. In this investigation, we assessed whether subchronic and low dose of TBT exposure results in abnormal ovarian follicular reserve and other irregularities in female mice. TBT was administered to female mice (500 ng/kg/day for 12 days via gavage), and reproductive tract morphophysiology was assessed. We further assessed reproductive tract inflammation and oxidative stress. Improper functioning of the reproductive tract in TBT mice was observed. Specifically, irregular estrous cyclicity and abnormal ovarian morphology coupled with reduction in primordial and primary follicle numbers was observed, suggesting ovarian reserve depletion. In addition, improper follicular development and a reduction in antral follicles, corpora lutea, and total healthy ovarian follicles together with an increase in cystic follicles were apparent. Evidence of uterine atrophy, reduction in endometrial gland number, and inflammation and oxidative stress were seen in TBT mice. Further, strong negative correlations were observed between testosterone levels and primordial, primary, and total healthy ovarian follicles. Thus, these data suggest that the subchronic and low dose of TBT exposure impaired ovarian follicular reserve, uterine gland number, and other reproductive features in female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Silvana S Meyrelles
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Elisardo C Vasquez
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Genoa R Warner
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois
| | | | - Kathy De La Torre
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Daryl D Meling
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Jodi A Flaws
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois
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Warner GR, Pacyga DC, Strakovsky RS, Smith R, James-Todd T, Williams PL, Hauser R, Meling DD, Li Z, Flaws JA. Urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations and hot flashes in women from an urban convenience sample of midlife women. Environ Res 2021; 197:110891. [PMID: 33722529 PMCID: PMC8187273 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Phthalate exposure is associated with altered reproductive function, but little is known about associations of phthalate exposure with risk of hot flashes. OBJECTIVE To investigate associations of urinary phthalate metabolite levels with four hot flash outcomes in midlife women. DESIGN A cross-sectional study of the first year of a prospective cohort of midlife women, the Midlife Women's Health Study (2006-2015), a convenience sample from an urban setting. PARTICIPANTS 728 multi-racial/ethnic pre- and perimenopausal women aged 45-54 years. OUTCOME MEASURES Women completed questionnaires about hot flash experience and provided 1-4 urine samples over four consecutive weeks that were pooled for analysis. Phthalate metabolites were assessed individually and as molar sums representative of common compounds (all phthalates: ƩPhthalates; DEHP: ƩDEHP), exposure sources (plastics: ƩPlastic; personal care products: ƩPCP), and modes of action (anti-androgenic: ƩAA). Covariate-adjusted logistic regression models were used to assess associations of continuous natural log-transformed phthalate metabolite concentrations with hot flash outcomes. Analyses were conducted to explore whether associations differed by menopause status, body mass index (BMI), race/ethnicity, and depressive symptoms. RESULTS Overall, 45% of women reported a history of hot flashes. Compared to women who never experienced hot flashes, every two-fold increase in ƩPlastic was associated with 18% (OR: 1.18; 95%CI: 0.98, 1.43) and 38% (OR: 1.38; 95%CI: 1.11, 1.70) higher odds of experiencing hot flashes in the past 30 days and experiencing daily/weekly hot flashes, respectively. Some associations of phthalates with certain hot flash outcomes differed by menopause status, BMI, race/ethnicity, and depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that phthalates are associated with hot flash experience and may impact hot flash risk in women who are susceptible to experiencing hot flashes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genoa R Warner
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61802, USA
| | - Diana C Pacyga
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA; Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA
| | - Rita S Strakovsky
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA; Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA
| | - Rebecca Smith
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61802, USA
| | - Tamarra James-Todd
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Paige L Williams
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Russ Hauser
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Daryl D Meling
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61802, USA
| | - Zhong Li
- Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Jodi A Flaws
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61802, USA; Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61802, USA.
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10
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Warner GR, Meling DD, De La Torre KM, Wang K, Flaws JA. Environmentally relevant mixtures of phthalates and phthalate metabolites differentially alter the cell cycle and apoptosis in mouse neonatal ovaries†. Biol Reprod 2021; 104:806-817. [PMID: 33511402 PMCID: PMC8023422 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Phthalates are a group of chemicals used as additives in various consumer products, medical equipment, and personal care products. Phthalates and their metabolites are consistently detected in humans, indicating widespread and continuous exposure to multiple phthalates. Thus, environmentally relevant mixtures of phthalates and phthalate metabolites were investigated to determine the effects of phthalates on the function of the ovary during the neonatal period of development. Neonatal ovaries from CD-1 mice were cultured with dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO; vehicle control), phthalate mixture (0.1-100 μg/mL), or phthalate metabolite mixture (0.1-100 μg/mL). The phthalate mixture was composed of 35% diethyl phthalate, 21% di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, 15% dibutyl phthalate, 15% diisononyl phthalate, 8% diisobutyl phthalate, and 5% benzylbutyl phthalate. The phthalate metabolite mixture was composed of 37% monoethyl phthalate, 19% mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, 15% monobutyl phthalate, 10% monoisononyl phthalate, 10% monoisobutyl phthalate, and 8% monobenzyl phthalate. After 96 h of culture, ovaries were harvested for histological analysis of folliculogenesis, gene expression analysis of cell cycle and apoptosis regulators, and immune staining for cell proliferation and apoptosis. The metabolite mixture significantly decreased the number and percentage of abnormal follicles (100 μg/mL) compared to controls. The metabolite mixture also significantly increased the expression of cell cycle inhibitors (100 μg/mL) and the antiapoptotic factor Bcl2l10 (10 μg/mL) compared to controls. The phthalate mixture did not significantly alter gene expression or follicle counts, but ovaries exposed to the phthalate mixture (0.1 μg/mL) exhibited marginally significantly increased apoptosis as revealed by DNA fragmentation staining. Overall, these data show that parent phthalates and phthalate metabolites differentially impact ovarian function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genoa R Warner
- Department of Comparative Bioscience, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Daryl D Meling
- Department of Comparative Bioscience, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Kathy M De La Torre
- Department of Comparative Bioscience, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Karen Wang
- Department of Comparative Bioscience, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jodi A Flaws
- Department of Comparative Bioscience, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
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11
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Laws MJ, Neff AM, Brehm E, Warner GR, Flaws JA. Endocrine disrupting chemicals and reproductive disorders in women, men, and animal models. Adv Pharmacol 2021; 92:151-190. [PMID: 34452686 PMCID: PMC9743013 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This chapter covers the known effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on reproductive disorders. The EDCs represented are highly studied, including plasticizers (bisphenols and phthalates), chemicals in personal care products (parabens), persistent environmental contaminants (polychlorinated biphenyls), and chemicals in pesticides or herbicides. Both female and male reproductive disorders are reviewed in the chapter. Female disorders include infertility/subfertility, irregular reproductive cycles, early menopause, premature ovarian insufficiency, polycystic ovarian syndrome, endometriosis, and uterine fibroids. Male disorders include infertility/subfertility, cryptorchidism, and hypospadias. Findings from both human and animal studies are represented.
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12
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Somasundar Y, Shen LQ, Hoane AG, Kaaret EZ, Warner GR, Ryabov AD, Collins TJ. Predicting Properties of Iron(III) TAML Activators of Peroxides from Their III/IV and IV/V Reduction Potentials or a Lost Battle to Peroxidase. Chemistry 2020; 26:14738-14744. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Somasundar
- Institute for Green Science Department of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon University 4400 Fifth Ave Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| | | | - Alexis G. Hoane
- Institute for Green Science Department of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon University 4400 Fifth Ave Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| | - Evan Z. Kaaret
- Institute for Green Science Department of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon University 4400 Fifth Ave Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| | - Genoa R. Warner
- Institute for Green Science Department of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon University 4400 Fifth Ave Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
- Present address: Department of Comparative Biosciences University of Illinois 2001 S. Lincoln Avenue Urbana IL 61802 USA
| | - Alexander D. Ryabov
- Institute for Green Science Department of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon University 4400 Fifth Ave Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| | - Terrence J. Collins
- Institute for Green Science Department of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon University 4400 Fifth Ave Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
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13
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Warner GR. How to wear your baby to work. Nature 2020:10.1038/d41586-020-03142-2. [PMID: 33154562 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-020-03142-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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14
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Frame HC, Somasundar Y, Warner GR, Ryabov AD, Collins TJ. Kinetics of catalytic oxidation of the potent aquatic toxin microcystin-LR by latest generation TAML activators. J COORD CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2020.1840562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah C. Frame
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yogesh Somasundar
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Genoa R. Warner
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
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Warner GR, Somasundar Y, Weng C, Akin MH, Ryabov AD, Collins TJ. Zero-Order Catalysis in TAML-Catalyzed Oxidation of Imidacloprid, a Neonicotinoid Pesticide. Chemistry 2020; 26:7631-7637. [PMID: 32187755 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Bis-sulfonamide bis-amide TAML activator [Fe{4-NO2 C6 H3 -1,2-(NCOCMe2 NSO2 )2 CHMe}]- (2) catalyzes oxidative degradation of the oxidation-resistant neonicotinoid insecticide, imidacloprid (IMI), by H2 O2 at pH 7 and 25 °C, whereas the tetrakis-amide TAML [Fe{4-NO2 C6 H3 -1,2-(NCOCMe2 NCO)2 CF2 }]- (1), previously regarded as the most catalytically active TAML, is inactive under the same conditions. At ultra-low concentrations of both imidacloprid and 2, 62 % of the insecticide was oxidized in 2 h, at which time the catalyst is inactivated; oxidation resumes on addition of a succeeding aliquot of 2. Acetate and oxamate were detected by ion chromatography, suggesting deep oxidation of imidacloprid. Explored at concentrations [2]≥[IMI], the reaction kinetics revealed unusually low kinetic order in 2 (0.164±0.006), which is observed alongside the first order in imidacloprid and an ascending hyperbolic dependence in [H2 O2 ]. Actual independence of the reaction rate on the catalyst concentration is accounted for in terms of a reversible noncovalent binding between a substrate and a catalyst, which usually results in substrate inhibition when [catalyst]≪[substrate] but explains the zero order in the catalyst when [2]>[IMI]. A plausible mechanism of the TAML-catalyzed oxidations of imidacloprid is briefly discussed. Similar zero-order catalysis is presented for the oxidation of 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol by H2 O2 , catalyzed by the TAML analogue of 1 without a NO2 -group in the aromatic ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genoa R Warner
- Institute for Green Science, Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.,Present Addresses: Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, 2001 S. Lincoln Avenue, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
| | - Yogesh Somasundar
- Institute for Green Science, Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Cindy Weng
- Institute for Green Science, Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.,Present Addresses: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Y2E2, 473 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Mete H Akin
- Institute for Green Science, Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Alexander D Ryabov
- Institute for Green Science, Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Terrence J Collins
- Institute for Green Science, Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
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Warner GR, Li Z, Houde ML, Atkinson CE, Meling DD, Chiang C, Flaws JA. Ovarian Metabolism of an Environmentally Relevant Phthalate Mixture. Toxicol Sci 2020; 169:246-259. [PMID: 30768133 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phthalates are synthetic chemicals with widespread human exposure due to their use as additives in consumer products. Phthalate diesters are hydrolyzed in the environment and in the body to monoesters that may be more toxic than the parent compounds. This study tested the hypothesis that adult mouse antral follicles, but not neonatal ovaries, are able to metabolize an environmentally relevant mixture of phthalates. Whole neonatal ovaries and isolated adult antral follicles from CD-1 mice were cultured in media treated with vehicle control or 0.1-10 µg/ml of a mixture composed of 35% diethyl phthalate (DEP), 21% di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), 15% dibutyl phthalate (DBP), 15% diisononyl phthalate (DiNP), 8% diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP), and 5% benzylbutyl phthalate (BzBP). After 4 days of culture, media were subjected to high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry to measure the amounts of diester phthalates and monoester metabolites. Ovaries and follicles were collected to measure the gene and protein expression of the enzymes required for phthalate metabolism. Monoester metabolites for all phthalates except DiNP were detected in the media for both culture types at most doses. The long-chain phthalates (BzBP, DEHP, and DiNP) were metabolized less than the short-chain phthalates (DEP, DBP, and DiBP) compared with respective controls. Expression of metabolizing enzymes was observed for all treatment groups in both culture types. These data indicate that mouse ovaries are capable of metabolizing low doses of phthalates and suggest that metabolic capacity differs for follicles at different stages of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genoa R Warner
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Zhong Li
- Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Madeline L Houde
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Cassandra E Atkinson
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Daryl D Meling
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Catheryne Chiang
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Jodi A Flaws
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
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Warner GR, Mourikes VE, Neff AM, Brehm E, Flaws JA. Mechanisms of action of agrochemicals acting as endocrine disrupting chemicals. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 502:110680. [PMID: 31838026 PMCID: PMC6942667 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Agrochemicals represent a significant class of endocrine disrupting chemicals that humans and animals around the world are exposed to constantly. Agrochemicals can act as endocrine disrupting chemicals through a variety of mechanisms. Recent studies have shown that several mechanisms of action involve the ability of agrochemicals to mimic the interaction of endogenous hormones with nuclear receptors such as estrogen receptors, androgen receptors, peroxisome proliferator activated receptors, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, and thyroid hormone receptors. Further, studies indicate that agrochemicals can exert toxicity through non-nuclear receptor-mediated mechanisms of action. Such non-genomic mechanisms of action include interference with peptide, steroid, or amino acid hormone response, synthesis and degradation as well as epigenetic changes (DNA methylation and histone modifications). This review summarizes the major mechanisms of action by which agrochemicals target the endocrine system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genoa R Warner
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61802, IL, United States
| | - Vasiliki E Mourikes
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61802, IL, United States
| | - Alison M Neff
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61802, IL, United States
| | - Emily Brehm
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61802, IL, United States
| | - Jodi A Flaws
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61802, IL, United States.
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Meling DD, Warner GR, Szumski JR, Gao L, Gonsioroski AV, Rattan S, Flaws JA. The effects of a phthalate metabolite mixture on antral follicle growth and sex steroid synthesis in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 388:114875. [PMID: 31884101 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates are used as solvents and plasticizers in a wide variety of consumer products. Most people are exposed to phthalates as parent compounds through ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact. However, these parent compounds are quickly metabolized to more active compounds in several tissues. Although studies indicate that phthalate metabolites reach the ovary, little is known about whether they are ovarian toxicants. Thus, this study tested the hypothesis that phthalate metabolites influence the expression of genes involved in sex steroid synthesis, cell cycle regulation, cell death, oxidative stress, and key receptors, as well as production of sex steroid hormones by mouse antral follicles. The selected metabolite mixture consisted of 36.7% monoethyl phthalate (MEP), 19.4% mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), 15.3% monobutyl phthalate (MBP), 10.2% monoisobutyl phthalate (MiBP), 10.2% monoisononyl phthalate (MiNP), and 8.2% monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP). Antral follicles from adult CD-1 mice were cultured for 96 h with vehicle control (DMSO) or metabolite mixture (0.065-325 μg/mL). Growth of follicles in culture was monitored every 24 h. Total RNA was isolated after 24 and 96 h and used for gene expression analysis. Media were collected and subjected to hormone analysis. Exposure to the phthalate mixture inhibited follicle growth, decreased expression of steroidogenic enzymes, and altered the levels of sex steroids relative to control. The mixture, primarily at the two highest doses, also altered expression of cell cycle regulators, apoptotic factors, oxidative stress genes, and some receptors. Collectively, these data suggest that mixtures of phthalate metabolites can directly impact follicle health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daryl D Meling
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2001 S. Lincoln Ave., Urbana, IL 61802, USA.
| | - Genoa R Warner
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2001 S. Lincoln Ave., Urbana, IL 61802, USA.
| | - Jason R Szumski
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2001 S. Lincoln Ave., Urbana, IL 61802, USA.
| | - Liying Gao
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2001 S. Lincoln Ave., Urbana, IL 61802, USA.
| | - Andressa V Gonsioroski
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2001 S. Lincoln Ave., Urbana, IL 61802, USA.
| | - Saniya Rattan
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2001 S. Lincoln Ave., Urbana, IL 61802, USA.
| | - Jodi A Flaws
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2001 S. Lincoln Ave., Urbana, IL 61802, USA; Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 W. Gregory Dr., Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genoa R Warner
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2001 S. Lincoln Ave, Urbana, IL 61802
| | - Jodi A Flaws
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2001 S. Lincoln Ave, Urbana, IL 61802
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Affiliation(s)
- Genoa R Warner
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Jodi A Flaws
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
- Correspondence: Jodi A. Flaws, PhD, Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2001 South Lincoln Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61802. E-mail:
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Warner GR, Somasundar Y, Jansen KC, Kaaret EZ, Weng C, Burton AE, Mills MR, Shen LQ, Ryabov AD, Pros G, Pintauer T, Biswas S, Hendrich MP, Taylor JA, Vom Saal FS, Collins TJ. Bioinspired, Multidisciplinary, Iterative Catalyst Design Creates the Highest Performance Peroxidase Mimics and the Field of Sustainable Ultradilute Oxidation Catalysis (SUDOC). ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b01409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Genoa R. Warner
- Institute for Green Science, Department of Chemistry, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Yogesh Somasundar
- Institute for Green Science, Department of Chemistry, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Kyle C. Jansen
- Institute for Green Science, Department of Chemistry, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Evan Z. Kaaret
- Institute for Green Science, Department of Chemistry, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Cindy Weng
- Institute for Green Science, Department of Chemistry, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Abigail E. Burton
- Institute for Green Science, Department of Chemistry, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Matthew R. Mills
- Institute for Green Science, Department of Chemistry, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Longzhu Q. Shen
- University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander D. Ryabov
- Institute for Green Science, Department of Chemistry, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Gabrielle Pros
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 600 Forbes Avenue, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, United States
| | - Tomislav Pintauer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 600 Forbes Avenue, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, United States
| | - Saborni Biswas
- Institute for Green Science, Department of Chemistry, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Michael P. Hendrich
- Institute for Green Science, Department of Chemistry, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Julia A. Taylor
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Frederick S. Vom Saal
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Terrence J. Collins
- Institute for Green Science, Department of Chemistry, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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Flaws JA, Warner GR. Response to the Comments of Delclos et al. Toxicol Sci 2019; 169:3-4. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jodi A Flaws
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Genoa R Warner
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
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Abstract
Replacements for the chemical bisphenol A (BPA) have become commonplace in plastics labelled BPA free. However, many of these chemicals have similar structures and properties to BPA. A new study reports that replacement bisphenols, which were discovered as laboratory contaminants, are reproductive toxicants and that their effects might persist for multiple generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genoa R Warner
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jodi A Flaws
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
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Warner GR, Mills MR, Enslin C, Pattanayak S, Panda C, Panda TK, Gupta SS, Ryabov AD, Collins TJ. Cover Picture: Reactivity and Operational Stability of N
-Tailed TAMLs through Kinetic Studies of the Catalyzed Oxidation of Orange II by H 2
O 2
: Synthesis and X-ray Structure of an N
-Phenyl TAML (Chem. Eur. J. 16/2015). Chemistry 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201590062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Warner GR, Mills MR, Enslin C, Pattanayak S, Panda C, Panda TK, Gupta SS, Ryabov AD, Collins TJ. Reactivity and operational stability of N-Tailed TAMLs through kinetic studies of the catalyzed oxidation of orange II by H2 O2 : synthesis and X-ray structure of an N-phenyl TAML. Chemistry 2015; 21:5993. [PMID: 25740016 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Invited for the cover of this issue are Terrence J. Collins and co-workers at Carnegie Mellon University (USA) and the National Chemical Laboratory (India). The image depicts five generations of tetraamido macrocyclic ligand (TAML) activators, which are small molecule, full-functional mimics of oxidizing enzymes that arguably outperform the peroxidase enzymes they mimic. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201406061.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genoa R Warner
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213 (USA)
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Warner GR, Mills MR, Enslin C, Pattanayak S, Panda C, Panda TK, Gupta SS, Ryabov AD, Collins TJ. Reactivity and Operational Stability ofN-Tailed TAMLs through Kinetic Studies of the Catalyzed Oxidation of Orange II by H2O2: Synthesis and X-ray Structure of anN-Phenyl TAML. Chemistry 2015; 21:6226-33. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201406061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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