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Tetzlaff EJ, Goulet N, Gorman M, Richardson GR, Enright PM, Henderson SB, Kenny GP. Media-Based Post-Event Impact Analysis of the 2021 Heat Dome in Canada. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH INSIGHTS 2024; 18:11786302241276669. [PMID: 39247720 PMCID: PMC11378224 DOI: 10.1177/11786302241276669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
The unprecedented 2021 Heat Dome caused wide-ranging and long-lasting impacts in western Canada, including 619 confirmed heat-related deaths in British Columbia, a doubling of emergency medical calls, increased hospitalisations, infrastructure failures and stress on plants and animals. However, such varied socio-economic consequences of extreme heat can be challenging to capture using a single post-event analysis method. Therefore, there is a need to explore alternative approaches and data sources. Using the 2021 Heat Dome as a case study, a post-event analysis using online news media articles (n = 2909) from 5 subscription news databases and a grey literature search was conducted to identify the socio-economic impacts of the extreme heat event in Canada. The articles reported a wide range of effects to the natural environment (n = 1366), social infrastructure and services (n = 1121), human health (n = 1074), critical infrastructure (n = 988) and the private sector (n = 165). The media-based post-event analysis captured various impacts, some of which have not been identified through other data sources and approaches. Overall, we show that media analysis can complement traditional post-event analysis methods and provide additional perspectives to governments and public health and safety officials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Tetzlaff
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Heat Division, Climate Change and Health Office, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Nicholas Goulet
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Heat Division, Climate Change and Health Office, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Behavioural and Metabolic Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Melissa Gorman
- Heat Division, Climate Change and Health Office, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Paddy M Enright
- Heat Division, Climate Change and Health Office, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah B Henderson
- Environmental Health Services, British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Glen P Kenny
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Kašpar J, Krůček M, Král K. The effects of solar radiation on daily and seasonal stem increment of canopy trees in European temperate old-growth forests. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:662-673. [PMID: 38769735 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
It is well established that solar irradiance greatly influences tree metabolism and growth through photosynthesis, but its effects acting through individual climate metrics have not yet been well quantified. Understanding these effects is crucial for assessing the impacts of climate change on forest ecosystems. To describe the effects of solar irradiance on tree growth, we installed 110 automatic dendrometers in two old-growth mountain forest reserves in Central Europe, performed detailed terrestrial and aerial laser scanning to obtain precise tree profiles, and used these to simulate the sum of solar irradiance received by each tree on a daily basis. Generalized linear mixed-effect models were applied to simulate the probability of growth and the growth intensity over seven growing seasons. Our results demonstrated various contrasting effects of solar irradiance on the growth of canopy trees. On the one hand, the highest daily growth rates corresponded with the highest solar irradiance potentials (i.e. the longest photoperiod). Intense solar irradiance significantly decreased tree growth, through an increase in the vapor pressure deficit. These effects were consistent for all species but had different magnitude. Tree growth is the most effective on long rainy/cloudy days with low solar irradiance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Kašpar
- Department of Forest Ecology, The Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening, Lidická 25-27, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Krůček
- Department of Forest Ecology, The Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening, Lidická 25-27, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Král
- Department of Forest Ecology, The Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening, Lidická 25-27, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic
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Paligi SS, Lichter J, Kotowska M, Schwutke RL, Audisio M, Mrak K, Penanhoat A, Schuldt B, Hertel D, Leuschner C. Water status dynamics and drought tolerance of juvenile European beech, Douglas fir and Norway spruce trees as dependent on neighborhood and nitrogen supply. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpae044. [PMID: 38662576 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpae044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
To increase the resilience of forests to drought and other hazards, foresters are increasingly planting mixed stands. This requires knowledge about the drought response of tree species in pure and mixed-culture neighborhoods. In addition, drought frequently interacts with continued atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition. To disentangle these factors for European beech, Norway spruce and Douglas fir, we conducted a replicated 3-factorial sapling growth experiment with three moisture levels, (high, medium, and low), two N levels (high and ambient), and pure and mixed-culture neighborhoods. We measured biomass, stomatal conductance (GS), shoot water potential (at predawn: ΨPD, midday, and turgor loss point: ΨTLP), branch xylem embolism resistance (Ψ50) and minimum epidermal conductance (Gmin). The three species differed most with respect to Gmin (10-fold higher in beech than in the conifers), hydroscape area (larger in beech), and the time elapsed to reach stomatal closure (TΨGS90) and ΨTLP (TTLP; shorter in beech), while Ψ50 and ΨTLP were remarkably similar. Neighborhood (pure vs mixed-culture) influenced biomass production, water status and hydraulic traits, notably GS (higher in Douglas fir, but lower in spruce and beech, in mixtures than pure culture), hydraulic safety margin (smaller for beech in mixtures), and TΨGS90 and TTLP (shorter for spruce in mixture). High N generally increased GS, but no consistent N effects on leaf water status and hydraulic traits were detected, suggesting that neighbor identity had a larger effect on plant water relations than N availability. We conclude that both tree neighborhood and N availability modulate the drought response of beech, spruce, and Douglas fir. Species mixing can alleviate the drought stress of some species, but often by disadvantaging other species. Thus, our study suggests that stabilizing and building resilience of production forests against a drier and warmer climate may depend primarily on the right species choice; species mixing can support the agenda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharath S Paligi
- Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research, Albrecht von Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Jens Lichter
- Chair of Statistics, University of Goettingen, Humboldtallee 3, 37073 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Martyna Kotowska
- Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research, Albrecht von Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073 Goettingen, Germany
- School of Natural Sciences, Wallumattagal Campus, Macquarie University, 4-6 Eastern Road Macquarie Park NSW 2109, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rebecca L Schwutke
- Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research, Albrecht von Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Michela Audisio
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 2, D-37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Klara Mrak
- Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 2, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alice Penanhoat
- Department of Spatial Structures and Digitization of Forests, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Schuldt
- Chair of Forest Botany, Institute of Forest Botany and Forest Zoology, Technical University of Dresden, Pienner Street 7, 01737 Tharandt, Germany
| | - Dietrich Hertel
- Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research, Albrecht von Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Leuschner
- Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research, Albrecht von Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073 Goettingen, Germany
- Centre for Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
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Ning QR, Li Q, Zhang HP, Jin Y, Gong XW, Jiao RF, Bakpa EP, Zhao H, Liu H. Weak correlations among leaf thermal metrics, economic traits and damages under natural heatwaves. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 916:170022. [PMID: 38220006 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The frequency and intensity of heatwaves are increasing around the world, causing severe damages to plants, but whether leaf thermal metrics is in line with leaf economic spectrum is still controversial. Here, we measured leaf damage ratio, leaf thermal metrics (tolerance and sensitivity) and economic traits of 131 woody species across five cities along the Yangtze River after a two-month natural extreme temperature event. We found that leaf thermal sensitivity but not thermal tolerance was correlated with leaf damage ratio, and the relationships between leaf thermal metrics and economic traits were weak, indicating that leaf thermal adaptation may be independent from leaf carbon construction. This study suggests a potential indicator for predicting plant survival under heatwaves, urging future research to explore more physiological traits to comprehensively understand plant heat responses and adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Rui Ning
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Plant Conservation and Utilization in Southern China, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Li
- School of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Hao-Ping Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Plant Conservation and Utilization in Southern China, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Jin
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang, China
| | - Xue-Wei Gong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Rui-Fang Jiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Plant Conservation and Utilization in Southern China, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Emily Patience Bakpa
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Plant Conservation and Utilization in Southern China, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Han Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Plant Conservation and Utilization in Southern China, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
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