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Wei X, Benowicz A, Sebastian‐Azcona J, Thomas BR. Genetic variation in leaf traits and gas exchange responses to vapor pressure deficit in contrasting conifer species. Funct Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Wei
- Department of Renewable Resources University of Alberta 442 Earth Sciences Bldg. Edmonton Alberta Canada T6G 2E3
| | - Andy Benowicz
- Alberta Agriculture and Forestry Suite 303, 7000‐113 Street Edmonton Alberta Canada T6H 5T6
| | - Jaime Sebastian‐Azcona
- Department of Renewable Resources University of Alberta 442 Earth Sciences Bldg. Edmonton Alberta Canada T6G 2E3
| | - Barb R. Thomas
- Department of Renewable Resources University of Alberta 442 Earth Sciences Bldg. Edmonton Alberta Canada T6G 2E3
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Spatio-Temporal Variability in Remotely Sensed Vegetation Greenness Across Yellowstone National Park. REMOTE SENSING 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/rs11070798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The study’s objective was to quantify the responses of vegetation greenness and productivity to climate variability and change across complex topographic, climatic, and ecological gradients in Yellowstone National Park through the use of remotely sensed data. The climate change signal in Yellowstone was pronounced, including substantial warming, an abrupt decline in snowpack, and more frequent droughts. While phenological studies are increasing in Yellowstone, the near absence of long-term and continuous ground-based phenological measurements motivated the study’s application of remotely sensed data to aid in identifying ecological vulnerabilities and guide resource management in light of on ongoing environmental change. Correlation, time-series, and empirical orthogonal function analyses for 1982–2015 focused on Daymet data and vegetation indices (VIs) from the Advanced Very High-Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). The study’s key questions address unique time scales. First, what are the dominant meteorological drivers of variability in vegetation greenness on seasonal to interannual time scales? Key results include: (1) Green-up is the most elevation- and climate-sensitive phenological stage, with La Niña-induced cool, wet conditions or an anomalously deep snowpack delaying the green-up wave. (2) Drought measures were the dominant contributors towards phenological variability, as winter–spring drought corresponded to enhanced April–June greening and spring–summer drought corresponded to reduced August–September greening. Second, how have patterns of productivity changed in response to climate change and disturbances? Key results include: (1) The park predominantly exhibited positive productivity trends, associated with lodgepole pine re-establishment and growth following the 1988 fires. (2) Landscapes which were undisturbed by the 1988 fires showed no apparent sign of warming-induced greening. This study motivates a systematic investigation of remote-sensing data across western parks to identify ecological vulnerabilities and support the development of climate change vulnerability assessments and adaptation strategies.
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Kleiber A, Duan Q, Jansen K, Verena Junker L, Kammerer B, Rennenberg H, Ensminger I, Gessler A, Kreuzwieser J. Drought effects on root and needle terpenoid content of a coastal and an interior Douglas fir provenance. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 37:1648-1658. [PMID: 29036462 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpx113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) is a conifer species that stores large amounts of terpenoids, mainly monoterpenoids in resin ducts of various tissues. The effects of drought on stored leaf terpenoid concentrations in trees are scarcely studied and published data are partially controversial, since reduced, unaffected or elevated terpenoid contents due to drought have been reported. Even less is known on the effect of drought on root terpenoids. In the present work, we investigated the effect of reduced water availability on the terpenoid content in roots and needles of Douglas fir seedlings. Two contrasting Douglas fir provenances were studied: an interior provenance (var. glauca) with assumed higher drought resistance, and a coastal provenance (var. menziesii) with assumed lower drought resistance. We tested the hypothesis that both provenances show specific patterns of stored terpenoids and that the patterns will change in response to drought in both, needles and roots. We further expected stronger changes in the less drought tolerant coastal provenance. For this purpose, we performed an experiment under controlled conditions, in which the trees were exposed to moderate and severe drought stress. According to our expectations, the study revealed clear provenance-specific terpenoid patterns in needles. However, such patterns were not detected in the roots. Drought slightly increased the needle terpenoid contents of the coastal but not of the interior provenance. We also observed increased terpenoid abundance mainly in roots of the moderately stressed coastal provenance. Overall, from the observed provenance-specific reactions with increased terpenoid levels in trees of the coastal origin in response to drought, we conclude on functions of terpenoids for abiotic stress tolerance that might be fulfilled by other, constitutively expressed mechanisms in drought-adapted interior provenances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Kleiber
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Qiuxiao Duan
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kirstin Jansen
- Institute for Landscape Biogeochemistry, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalderstr. 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
- Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Scharnhorststrasse 1, 21335 Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Laura Verena Junker
- Department of Biology, Graduate Programs in Cell & Systems Biology and Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON, Canada
- Forest Research Institute of Baden-Württemberg (FVA), Wonnhaldestrasse 4, D-79100 Freiburg i. Brsg., Germany
- Present address: Institute of Bio and Geosciences IBG-2, Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Bernd Kammerer
- Centre for Biosystems Analysis (ZBSA), Habsburgerstr. 49, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Germany
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Ensminger
- Department of Biology, Graduate Programs in Cell & Systems Biology and Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON, Canada
- Forest Research Institute of Baden-Württemberg (FVA), Wonnhaldestrasse 4, D-79100 Freiburg i. Brsg., Germany
| | - Arthur Gessler
- Institute for Landscape Biogeochemistry, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalderstr. 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Kreuzwieser
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
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BEEDLOW PETERA, WASCHMANN RONALDS, LEE EHENRY, TINGEY DAVIDT. Seasonal patterns of bole water content in old growth Douglas-fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco). AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY 2017; 242:109-119. [PMID: 30008496 PMCID: PMC6040679 DOI: 10.1016/j.agrformet.2017.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Large conifer trees in the Pacific Northwest, USA (PNW) use stored water to extend photosynthesis, both diurnally and seasonally. This is particularly important during the summer drought, which is characteristic of the region. In the PNW, climate change is predicted to result in hotter, drier summers and warmer, wetter winters with decreased snowpack by mid-century. Understanding seasonal bole water dynamics in relation to climate factors will enhance our ability to determine the vulnerability of forests to climate change. Seasonal patterns of bole water content in old-growth Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) trees were studied in the Cascade Mountains of western Oregon, USA. Relative water content (RWC) was monitored hourly in three 400+ and three ~150 years-old trees using permanently mounted dielectric devices for 10 years. RWC increased during the late spring and early summer to maximum levels in August then decreased into fall and remained low over winter. The difference between minimum RWC in the winter and maximum in mid-summer averaged 4.5 and 2.3% for the older and younger trees, respectively, across all years. RWC closely followed growth and was positively correlated with air and soil temperature, vapor pressure deficit and photosynthetically active radiation, but lagged plant available soil water. The progressive decrease in RWC seen each year from mid-summer through fall was attributed to net daily loss of water during the summer drought. The marked increase in RWC observed from spring to mid-summer each year was hypothesized to be the period of embolism repair and water recharge in elastic tissues. We conclude that bole water content is an integral part of tree water dynamics enabling trees to extend carbon assimilation into drought periods and during periods when cold soil inhibits water uptake by roots, an adaptation that could benefit the survival of large PNW trees under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- PETER A. BEEDLOW
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 200 SW 35 Street, Corvallis, Oregon, 97333, USA
| | - RONALD S. WASCHMANN
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 200 SW 35 Street, Corvallis, Oregon, 97333, USA
| | - E. HENRY LEE
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 200 SW 35 Street, Corvallis, Oregon, 97333, USA
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Hember RA, Kurz WA, Coops NC. Relationships between individual-tree mortality and water-balance variables indicate positive trends in water stress-induced tree mortality across North America. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2017; 23:1691-1710. [PMID: 27624980 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Accounting for water stress-induced tree mortality in forest productivity models remains a challenge due to uncertainty in stress tolerance of tree populations. In this study, logistic regression models were developed to assess species-specific relationships between probability of mortality (Pm ) and drought, drawing on 8.1 million observations of change in vital status (m) of individual trees across North America. Drought was defined by standardized (relative) values of soil water content (Ws,z ) and reference evapotranspiration (ETr,z ) at each field plot. The models additionally tested for interactions between the water-balance variables, aridity class of the site (AC), and estimated tree height (h). Considering drought improved model performance in 95 (80) per cent of the 64 tested species during calibration (cross-validation). On average, sensitivity to relative drought increased with site AC (i.e. aridity). Interaction between water-balance variables and estimated tree height indicated that drought sensitivity commonly decreased during early height development and increased during late height development, which may reflect expansion of the root system and decreasing whole-plant, leaf-specific hydraulic conductance, respectively. Across North America, predictions suggested that changes in the water balance caused mortality to increase from 1.1% yr-1 in 1951 to 2.0% yr-1 in 2014 (a net change of 0.9 ± 0.3% yr-1 ). Interannual variation in mortality also increased, driven by increasingly severe droughts in 1988, 1998, 2006, 2007 and 2012. With strong confidence, this study indicates that water stress is a common cause of tree mortality. With weak-to-moderate confidence, this study strengthens previous claims attributing positive trends in mortality to increasing levels of water stress. This 'learn-as-we-go' approach - defined by sampling rare drought events as they continue to intensify - will help to constrain the hydraulic limits of dominant tree species and the viability of boreal and temperate forest biomes under continued climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robbie A Hember
- Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4
- Pacific Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, 506 West Burnside Road, Victoria, BC, Canada, V8Z 1M5
| | - Werner A Kurz
- Pacific Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, 506 West Burnside Road, Victoria, BC, Canada, V8Z 1M5
| | - Nicholas C Coops
- Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4
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Evaristo J, McDonnell JJ. Prevalence and magnitude of groundwater use by vegetation: a global stable isotope meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44110. [PMID: 28281644 PMCID: PMC5345103 DOI: 10.1038/srep44110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of groundwater as a resource in sustaining terrestrial vegetation is widely recognized. But the global prevalence and magnitude of groundwater use by vegetation is unknown. Here we perform a meta-analysis of plant xylem water stable isotope (δ2H and δ18O, n = 7367) information from 138 published papers - representing 251 genera, and 414 species of angiosperms (n = 376) and gymnosperms (n = 38). We show that the prevalence of groundwater use by vegetation (defined as the number of samples out of a universe of plant samples reported to have groundwater contribution to xylem water) is 37% (95% confidence interval, 28-46%). This is across 162 sites and 12 terrestrial biomes (89% of heterogeneity explained; Q-value = 1235; P < 0.0001). However, the magnitude of groundwater source contribution to the xylem water mixture (defined as the proportion of groundwater contribution in xylem water) is limited to 23% (95% CI, 20-26%; 95% prediction interval, 3-77%). Spatial analysis shows that the magnitude of groundwater source contribution increases with aridity. Our results suggest that while groundwater influence is globally prevalent, its proportional contribution to the total terrestrial transpiration is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaivime Evaristo
- Global Institute for Water Security and School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Jeffrey J. McDonnell
- Global Institute for Water Security and School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
- School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
- Department of Forest Engineering, Resources and Management, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97330 USA
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Spectral Indices Accurately Quantify Changes in Seedling Physiology Following Fire: Towards Mechanistic Assessments of Post-Fire Carbon Cycling. REMOTE SENSING 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/rs8070572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Puttonen E, Briese C, Mandlburger G, Wieser M, Pfennigbauer M, Zlinszky A, Pfeifer N. Quantification of Overnight Movement of Birch (Betula pendula) Branches and Foliage with Short Interval Terrestrial Laser Scanning. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:222. [PMID: 26973668 PMCID: PMC4770040 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The goal of the study was to determine circadian movements of silver birch (Petula Bendula) branches and foliage detected with terrestrial laser scanning (TLS). The study consisted of two geographically separate experiments conducted in Finland and in Austria. Both experiments were carried out at the same time of the year and under similar outdoor conditions. Experiments consisted of 14 (Finland) and 77 (Austria) individual laser scans taken between sunset and sunrise. The resulting point clouds were used in creating a time series of branch movements. In the Finnish data, the vertical movement of the whole tree crown was monitored due to low volumetric point density. In the Austrian data, movements of manually selected representative points on branches were monitored. The movements were monitored from dusk until morning hours in order to avoid daytime wind effects. The results indicated that height deciles of the Finnish birch crown had vertical movements between -10.0 and 5.0 cm compared to the situation at sunset. In the Austrian data, the maximum detected representative point movement was 10.0 cm. The temporal development of the movements followed a highly similar pattern in both experiments, with the maximum movements occurring about an hour and a half before (Austria) or around (Finland) sunrise. The results demonstrate the potential of terrestrial laser scanning measurements in support of chronobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eetu Puttonen
- Department of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Finnish Geospatial Research Institute, National Land Survey of FinlandMasala, Finland
- Department of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Centre of Excellence in Laser Scanning Research, National Land Survey of FinlandMasala, Finland
| | - Christian Briese
- Department of Geodesy and Geoinformation, Technische Universität WienVienna, Austria
- EODC Earth Observation Data Centre for Water Resources MonitoringVienna, Austria
| | - Gottfried Mandlburger
- Department of Geodesy and Geoinformation, Technische Universität WienVienna, Austria
| | - Martin Wieser
- Department of Geodesy and Geoinformation, Technische Universität WienVienna, Austria
| | | | - András Zlinszky
- Balaton Limnological Institute, Centre for Ecological Research, Hungarian Academy of SciencesTihany, Hungary
| | - Norbert Pfeifer
- Department of Geodesy and Geoinformation, Technische Universität WienVienna, Austria
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Seely B, Welham C, Scoullar K. Application of a Hybrid Forest Growth Model to Evaluate Climate Change Impacts on Productivity, Nutrient Cycling and Mortality in a Montane Forest Ecosystem. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135034. [PMID: 26267446 PMCID: PMC4534035 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change introduces considerable uncertainty in forest management planning and outcomes, potentially undermining efforts at achieving sustainable practices. Here, we describe the development and application of the FORECAST Climate model. Constructed using a hybrid simulation approach, the model includes an explicit representation of the effect of temperature and moisture availability on tree growth and survival, litter decomposition, and nutrient cycling. The model also includes a representation of the impact of increasing atmospheric CO2 on water use efficiency, but no direct CO2 fertilization effect. FORECAST Climate was evaluated for its ability to reproduce the effects of historical climate on Douglas-fir and lodgepole pine growth in a montane forest in southern British Columbia, Canada, as measured using tree ring analysis. The model was subsequently used to project the long-term impacts of alternative future climate change scenarios on forest productivity in young and established stands. There was a close association between predicted sapwood production and measured tree ring chronologies, providing confidence that model is able to predict the relative impact of annual climate variability on tree productivity. Simulations of future climate change suggest a modest increase in productivity in young stands of both species related to an increase in growing season length. In contrast, results showed a negative impact on stemwood biomass production (particularly in the case of lodgepole pine) for established stands due to increased moisture stress mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad Seely
- Department of Forest Resources Management, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Clive Welham
- Department of Forest Resources Management, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kim Scoullar
- Life Sciences Programming Incorporated, Naramata, British Columbia, Canada
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Arango-Velez A, González LMG, Meents MJ, El Kayal W, Cooke BJ, Linsky J, Lusebrink I, Cooke JEK. Influence of water deficit on the molecular responses of Pinus contorta × Pinus banksiana mature trees to infection by the mountain pine beetle fungal associate, Grosmannia clavigera. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 34:1220-39. [PMID: 24319029 PMCID: PMC4277265 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpt101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Conifers exhibit a number of constitutive and induced mechanisms to defend against attack by pests and pathogens such as mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) and their fungal associates. Ecological studies have demonstrated that stressed trees are more susceptible to attack by mountain pine beetle than their healthy counterparts. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that water deficit affects constitutive and induced responses of mature lodgepole pine × jack pine hybrids (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm. ex S. Wats. × Pinus banksiana Lamb.) to inoculation with the mountain pine beetle fungal associate Grosmannia clavigera (Robinson-Jeffrey and Davidson) Zipfel, de Beer and Wingfield. The degree of stress induced by the imposed water-deficit treatment was sufficient to reduce photosynthesis. Grosmannia clavigera-induced lesions exhibited significantly reduced dimensions in water-deficit trees relative to well-watered trees at 5 weeks after inoculation. Treatment-associated cellular-level changes in secondary phloem were also observed. Quantitative RT-PCR was used to analyze transcript abundance profiles of 18 genes belonging to four families classically associated with biotic and abiotic stress responses: aquaporins (AQPs), dehydration-responsive element binding (DREB), terpene synthases (TPSs) and chitinases (CHIs). Transcript abundance profiles of a TIP2 AQP and a TINY-like DREB decreased significantly in fungus-inoculated trees, but not in response to water deficit. One TPS, Pcb(+)-3-carene synthase, and the Class II CHIs PcbCHI2.1 and PcbCHI2.2 showed increased expression under water-deficit conditions in the absence of fungal inoculation, while another TPS, Pcb(E)-β-farnesene synthase-like, and two CHIs, PcbCHI1.1 and PcbCHI4.1, showed attenuated expression under water-deficit conditions in the presence of fungal inoculation. The effects were observed both locally and systemically. These results demonstrate that both constitutive and induced carbon- and nitrogen-based defenses are affected by water deficit, suggesting potential consequences for mountain pine beetle dynamics, particularly in novel environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Arango-Velez
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, CW405 Biological Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2E9
| | - Leonardo M Galindo González
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, CW405 Biological Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2E9
| | - Miranda J Meents
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, CW405 Biological Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2E9
| | - Walid El Kayal
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, CW405 Biological Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2E9
| | - Barry J Cooke
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Northern Forestry Centre, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6H 3S5
| | - Jean Linsky
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, CW405 Biological Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2E9
| | - Inka Lusebrink
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6E 2E3
| | - Janice E K Cooke
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, CW405 Biological Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2E9
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Müller T, Ensminger I, Schmid KJ. A catalogue of putative unique transcripts from Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) based on 454 transcriptome sequencing of genetically diverse, drought stressed seedlings. BMC Genomics 2012. [PMID: 23190494 PMCID: PMC3637476 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-13-673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) extends over a wide range of contrasting environmental conditions, reflecting substantial local adaptation. For this reason, it is an interesting model species to study plant adaptation and the effects of global climate change such as increased temperatures and significant periods of drought on individual trees and the forest landscape in general. However, genomic data and tools for studying genetic variation in natural populations to understand the genetic and physiological mechanisms of adaptation are currently missing for Douglas-fir. This study represents a first step towards characterizing the Douglas-fir transcriptome based on 454 sequencing of twelve cDNA libraries. The libraries were constructed from needle and wood tissue of coastal and interior provenances subjected to drought stress experiments. Results The 454 sequencing of twelve normalized cDNA libraries resulted in 3.6 million reads from which a set of 170,859 putative unique transcripts (PUTs) was assembled. Functional annotation by BLAST searches and Gene Ontology mapping showed that the composition of functional classes is very similar to other plant transcriptomes and demonstrated that a large fraction of the Douglas-fir transcriptome is tagged by the PUTs. Based on evolutionary conservation, we identified about 1,000 candidate genes related to drought stress. A total number of 187,653 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected by three SNP detection tools. However, only 27,688 SNPs were identified by all three methods, indicating that SNP detection depends on the particular method used. The two alleles of about 60% of the 27,688 SNPs are segregating simultaneously in both coastal and interior provenances, which indicates a high proportion of ancestral shared polymorphisms or a high level of gene flow between these two ecologically and phenotypically different varieties. Conclusions We established a catalogue of PUTs and large SNP database for Douglas-fir. Both will serve as a useful resource for the further characterization of the genome and transcriptome of Douglas-fir and for the analysis of genetic variation using genotyping or resequencing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Müller
- Department of Crop Biodiversity and Breeding Informatics, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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