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Blumstein M, Gersony J, Martínez-Vilalta J, Sala A. Global variation in nonstructural carbohydrate stores in response to climate. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:1854-1869. [PMID: 36583374 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Woody plant species store nonstructural carbohydrates (NSCs) for many functions. While known to buffer against fluctuations in photosynthetic supply, such as at night, NSC stores are also thought to buffer against environmental extremes, such as drought or freezing temperatures by serving as either back-up energy reserves or osmolytes. However, a clear picture of how NSCs are shaped by climate is still lacking. Here, we update and leverage a unique global database of seasonal NSC storage measurements to examine whether maximum total NSC stores and the amount of soluble sugars are associated with clinal patterns in low temperatures or aridity, indicating they may confer a benefit under freezing or drought conditions. We examine patterns using the average climate at each study site and the unique climatic conditions at the time and place in which the sample was taken. Altogether, our results support the idea that NSC stores act as critical osmolytes. Soluble Sugars increase with both colder and drier conditions in aboveground tissues, indicating they can plastically increase a plants' tolerance of cold or arid conditions. However, maximum total NSCs increased, rather than decreased, with average site temperature and had no relationship to average site aridity. This result suggests that the total amount of NSC a plant stores may be more strongly determined by its capacity to assimilate carbon than by environmental stress. Thus, NSCs are unlikely to serve as reservoir of energy. This study is the most comprehensive synthesis to date of global NSC variation in relation to climate and supports the idea that NSC stores likely serve as buffers against environmental stress. By clarifying their role in cold and drought tolerance, we improve our ability to predict plant response to environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan Blumstein
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jessica Gersony
- Department of Natural Resources, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jordi Martínez-Vilalta
- CREAF, E08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anna Sala
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
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Tang Y, Sahlstedt E, Young G, Schiestl‐Aalto P, Saurer M, Kolari P, Jyske T, Bäck J, Rinne‐Garmston KT. Estimating intraseasonal intrinsic water-use efficiency from high-resolution tree-ring δ 13 C data in boreal Scots pine forests. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:1606-1619. [PMID: 36451527 PMCID: PMC10108005 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE), a key index for carbon and water balance, has been widely estimated from tree-ring δ13 C at annual resolution, but rarely at high-resolution intraseasonal scale. We estimated high-resolution iWUE from laser-ablation δ13 C analysis of tree-rings (iWUEiso ) and compared it with iWUE derived from gas exchange (iWUEgas ) and eddy covariance (iWUEEC ) data for two Pinus sylvestris forests from 2002 to 2019. By carefully timing iWUEiso via modeled tree-ring growth, iWUEiso aligned well with iWUEgas and iWUEEC at intraseasonal scale. However, year-to-year patterns of iWUEgas , iWUEiso , and iWUEEC were different, possibly due to distinct environmental drivers on iWUE across leaf, tree, and ecosystem scales. We quantified the modification of iWUEiso by postphotosynthetic δ13 C enrichment from leaf sucrose to tree rings and by nonexplicit inclusion of mesophyll and photorespiration terms in photosynthetic discrimination model, which resulted in overestimation of iWUEiso by up to 11% and 14%, respectively. We thus extended the application of tree-ring δ13 C for iWUE estimates to high-resolution intraseasonal scale. The comparison of iWUEgas , iWUEiso , and iWUEEC provides important insights into physiological acclimation of trees across leaf, tree, and ecosystem scales under climate change and improves the upscaling of ecological models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tang
- Bioeconomy and Environment UnitNatural Resources Institute Finland (Luke)Latokartanonkaari 900790HelsinkiFinland
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR) / Forest SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiPO Box 2700014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Elina Sahlstedt
- Bioeconomy and Environment UnitNatural Resources Institute Finland (Luke)Latokartanonkaari 900790HelsinkiFinland
| | - Giles Young
- Bioeconomy and Environment UnitNatural Resources Institute Finland (Luke)Latokartanonkaari 900790HelsinkiFinland
| | - Pauliina Schiestl‐Aalto
- Faculty of Science, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR) / PhysicsUniversity of HelsinkiPO Box 6800014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Matthias Saurer
- Forest DynamicsSwiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL)Zürcherstrasse 1118903BirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Pasi Kolari
- Faculty of Science, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR) / PhysicsUniversity of HelsinkiPO Box 6800014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Tuula Jyske
- Production Systems UnitNatural Resources Institute FinlandTietotie 202150EspooFinland
| | - Jaana Bäck
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR) / Forest SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiPO Box 2700014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Katja T. Rinne‐Garmston
- Bioeconomy and Environment UnitNatural Resources Institute Finland (Luke)Latokartanonkaari 900790HelsinkiFinland
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Tang Y, Schiestl-Aalto P, Saurer M, Sahlstedt E, Kulmala L, Kolari P, Ryhti K, Salmon Y, Jyske T, Ding Y, Bäck J, Rinne-Garmston KT. Tree organ growth and carbon allocation dynamics impact the magnitude and δ13C signal of stem and soil CO2 fluxes. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:2404-2418. [PMID: 35849053 PMCID: PMC10101690 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Incomplete knowledge of carbon (C) allocation dynamics in trees hinders accurate modeling and future predictions of tree growth. We studied C allocation dynamics in a mature Pinus sylvestris L. dominated forest with a novel analytical approach, allowing the first comparison of: (i) magnitude and δ13C of shoot, stem and soil CO2 fluxes (Ashoot, Rstem and Rsoil), (ii) concentration and δ13C of compound-specific and/or bulk non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) in phloem and roots and (iii) growth of stem and fine roots. Results showed a significant effect of phloem NSC concentrations on tracheid growth, and both variables significantly impacted Rstem. Also, concentrations of root NSCs, especially starch, had a significant effect on fine root growth, although no effect of root NSC concentrations or root growth was detected on Rsoil. Time series analysis between δ13C of Ashoot and δ13C of Rstem or δ13C of Rsoil revealed strengthened C allocation to stem or roots under high C demands. Furthermore, we detected a significant correlation between δ13C of Rstem and δ13C of phloem sucrose and glucose, but not for starch or water-soluble carbohydrates. Our results indicate the need to include C allocation dynamics into tree growth models. We recommend using compound-specific concentration and δ13C analysis to reveal C allocation processes that may not be detected by the conventional approach that utilizes bulk organic matter.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pauliina Schiestl-Aalto
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research
(INAR)/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of
Helsinki, P.O. Box 68, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matthias Saurer
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape
Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Elina Sahlstedt
- Bioeconomy and Environment Unit, Natural Resources Institute
Finland, Latokartanonkaari 9, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Liisa Kulmala
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest
Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University
of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, P.O. Box 503, FI-00101
Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pasi Kolari
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research
(INAR)/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of
Helsinki, P.O. Box 68, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kira Ryhti
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest
Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University
of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yann Salmon
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest
Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University
of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research
(INAR)/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of
Helsinki, P.O. Box 68, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuula Jyske
- Production Systems Unit, Natural Resources Institute Finland,
Tietotie 2, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Yiyang Ding
- Department of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and
Forestry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, FI-00014
Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana Bäck
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest
Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University
of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katja T Rinne-Garmston
- Bioeconomy and Environment Unit, Natural Resources Institute
Finland, Latokartanonkaari 9, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland
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