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Carnegie L, Raghwani J, Fournié G, Hill SC. Phylodynamic approaches to studying avian influenza virus. Avian Pathol 2023; 52:289-308. [PMID: 37565466 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2023.2236568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Avian influenza viruses can cause severe disease in domestic and wild birds and are a pandemic threat. Phylodynamics is the study of how epidemiological, evolutionary, and immunological processes can interact to shape viral phylogenies. This review summarizes how phylodynamic methods have and could contribute to the study of avian influenza viruses. Specifically, we assess how phylodynamics can be used to examine viral spread within and between wild or domestic bird populations at various geographical scales, identify factors associated with virus dispersal, and determine the order and timing of virus lineage movement between geographic regions or poultry production systems. We discuss factors that can complicate the interpretation of phylodynamic results and identify how future methodological developments could contribute to improved control of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Carnegie
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College (RVC), Hatfield, UK
| | - J Raghwani
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College (RVC), Hatfield, UK
| | - G Fournié
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College (RVC), Hatfield, UK
- Université de Lyon, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR EPIA, Marcy l'Etoile, France
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR EPIA, Saint Genes Champanelle, France
| | - S C Hill
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College (RVC), Hatfield, UK
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2
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Zhou J, Chen Y, Shao Z, Ding S, Qi W, Zhang J, Huang L. Continuing evolution and transmission of avian influenza A(H3N8) viruses is a potential threat to public health. J Infect 2023; 86:154-225. [PMID: 36403697 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2022.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiangtao Zhou
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory, Guangzhou 510642, China; National Development and Reform Commission of People's Republic of China, National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yiqun Chen
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory, Guangzhou 510642, China; National Development and Reform Commission of People's Republic of China, National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zheng Shao
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory, Guangzhou 510642, China; National Development and Reform Commission of People's Republic of China, National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shiping Ding
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory, Guangzhou 510642, China; National Development and Reform Commission of People's Republic of China, National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wenbao Qi
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory, Guangzhou 510642, China; National Development and Reform Commission of People's Republic of China, National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiahao Zhang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory, Guangzhou 510642, China; National Development and Reform Commission of People's Republic of China, National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Lihong Huang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory, Guangzhou 510642, China; National Development and Reform Commission of People's Republic of China, National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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3
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Duong BT, Than DD, Ankhanbaatar U, Gombo-Ochir D, Shura G, Tsolmon A, Pun Mok CK, Basan G, Yeo SJ, Park H. Assessing potential pathogenicity of novel highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N6) viruses isolated from Mongolian wild duck feces using a mouse model. Emerg Microbes Infect 2022; 11:1425-1434. [PMID: 35451353 PMCID: PMC9154755 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2069515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Several novel highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAIVs) A(H5N6) viruses were reported in Mongolia in 2020, some of which included host-specific markers associated with mammalian infection. However, their pathogenicity has not yet been investigated. Here, we isolated and evaluate two novel genotypes of A(H5N6) subtype in Mongolia during 2018–2019 (A/wildDuck/MN/H5N6/2018-19). Their evolution pattern and molecular characteristics were evaluated using gene sequencing and their pathogenicity was determined using a mouse model. We also compared their antigenicity with previous H5 Clade 2.3.4.4 human isolates by cross-hemagglutination inhibition (HI). Our data suggests that A/wildDuck/MN/H5N6/2018-19 belongs to clade 2.3.4.4h, and maintains several residues associated with mammal adaptation. In addition, our evaluations revealed that their isolates are less virulent in mice than the previously identified H5 human isolates. However, their antigenicity is distinct from other HPAIVs H5 clade 2.3.4.4, thus supporting their continued evaluation as potential infection risks and the preparation of novel candidate vaccines for their neutralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Tuan Duong
- Zoonosis Research Center, Department of Infection Biology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Duc Duong Than
- Zoonosis Research Center, Department of Infection Biology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
| | | | | | - Gansukh Shura
- State Central Veterinary Laboratory, Zaisan, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | | | - Chris Ka Pun Mok
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ganzorig Basan
- State Central Veterinary Laboratory, Zaisan, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Seon Ju Yeo
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Park
- Zoonosis Research Center, Department of Infection Biology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
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4
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Key amino acid position 272 in neuraminidase determines the replication and virulence of H5N6 avian influenza virus in mammals. iScience 2022; 25:105693. [PMID: 36567717 PMCID: PMC9772848 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian influenza H5N6 virus not only wreaks economic havoc in the poultry industry but also threatens human health. Strikingly, as of August 2022, 78 human beings were infected with H5N6, and the spike in the number of human infections with H5N6 occurred during 2021. In the life cycle of influenza virus, neuraminidase (NA) has numerous functions, especially viral budding and replication. Here, we found that NA-D272N mutation became predominant in H5N6 viruses since 2015 and significantly increased the viral replication and virulence in mice. D272N mutation in NA protein increased viral release from erythrocytes, thermostability, early transcription, and accumulation of NA protein. Particularly, the dominant 272 residue switch from N to S has occurred in wild bird-origin H5N6 viruses since late 2016 and N272S mutation induced significantly higher levels of inflammatory cytokines in infected human cells. Therefore, comprehensive surveillance of bird populations needs to be enhanced to monitor mammalian adaptive mutations of H5N6 viruses.
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Zhang C, Cui H, Zhang C, Zhao K, Kong Y, Chen L, Dong S, Chen Z, Pu J, Zhang L, Guo Z, Liu J. Pathogenicity and Transmissibility of Clade 2.3.4.4h H5N6 Avian Influenza Viruses in Mammals. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12223079. [PMID: 36428307 PMCID: PMC9686590 DOI: 10.3390/ani12223079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) have the potential for cross-species transmission and pandemics. In recent years, clade 2.3.4.4 H5N6 AIVs are prevalent in domestic poultry, posing a threat to the domestic poultry industry and public health. In this study, two strains of H5N6 AIVs were isolated from chickens in Hebei, China, in 2019: A/chicken/Hebei/HB1907/2019(H5N6) and A/chicken/Hebei/HB1905/2019(H5N6). Phylogenetic analysis showed that both viral HA genes clustered in the 2.3.4.4h clade. Receptor binding analysis showed that the HB1905 strain preferentially binds to α-2,3-linked sialic acid (SA) receptors, while the HB1907 strain preferentially binds to α-2,3- and α-2,6-linked sialic acid (SA) receptors. During early infection, the HB1907 strain is highly replicable in MDCK cells, more so than the HB1905 strain. Pathogenicity assays in mice showed that both viruses could replicate in the lungs without prior adaptation, with HB1907 being more highly pathogenic in mice than the HB1905 strain. Significantly, both the HB1905 and HB1907 strains can be transmitted through direct contact among guinea pigs, but the transmission efficiency of the HB1907 strain through contact between guinea pigs is much greater than that of the HB1905 strain. These results strengthen the need for ongoing surveillance and early warning of H5N6 AIVs in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Huan Cui
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
- College of Animal Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Chunmao Zhang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Kui Zhao
- College of Animal Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yunyi Kong
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Ligong Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Shishan Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Zhaoliang Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Jie Pu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Zhendong Guo
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
- Correspondence: (Z.G.); (J.L.)
| | - Juxiang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
- Correspondence: (Z.G.); (J.L.)
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Miao X, Feng M, Zhu O, Yang F, Yin Y, Yin Y, Chen S, Qin T, Peng D, Liu X. H5N8 Subtype avian influenza virus isolated from migratory birds emerging in Eastern China possessed a high pathogenicity in mammals. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:3325-3338. [PMID: 35989421 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Novel H5N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) bearing the clade 2.3.4.4b HA gene have been widely spread through wild migratory birds since 2020. One H5N8 HPAIV (A/Wild bird/Cixi/Cixi02/2020; here after Cixi02) was isolated from migratory birds in Zhejiang Province, Eastern China in 25 November 2020. However, its pathogenicity in avian and mammal remains unknown. Hemagglutinin gene genetic analysis indicated that Cixi02 virus belonged to the branch II of H5 clade 2.3.4.4b originated from Iraq in May 2020. Cixi02 virus showed a binding affinity to both SA α-2, 3-galactose (Gal) and SA α-2, 6 Gal receptors, good pH stability, thermostability, and replication ability in both avian and mammal cells. The poultry pathogenicity indicated that Cixi02 virus was lethal to chickens. Moreover, the mammalian pathogenicity showed that the 50% mouse lethal dose (MLD50 ) is 2.14 lgEID50 /50 μl, indicating a high pathogenicity in mice. Meanwhile, Cixi02 virus was widely detected in multiple organs, including heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, turbinate, and brain after nasal infection. In addition, we found high level gene expressions of TNF-α, IL-12p70, CXCL10, and IFN-α in lungs, IL-8 and IL-1β in brains, and observed severe histopathological change in lungs and brains. Collectedly, this study provided new insights on the pathogenic and zoonotic features of an H5N8 subtype AIV isolated from migratory birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Miao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Research Centre of Engineering and Technology for Prevention and Control of Poultry Disease, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Mingcan Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Research Centre of Engineering and Technology for Prevention and Control of Poultry Disease, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Ouwen Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Research Centre of Engineering and Technology for Prevention and Control of Poultry Disease, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Fan Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Research Centre of Engineering and Technology for Prevention and Control of Poultry Disease, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yinyan Yin
- School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yuncong Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Research Centre of Engineering and Technology for Prevention and Control of Poultry Disease, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Sujuan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Research Centre of Engineering and Technology for Prevention and Control of Poultry Disease, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Tao Qin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Research Centre of Engineering and Technology for Prevention and Control of Poultry Disease, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Daxin Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Research Centre of Engineering and Technology for Prevention and Control of Poultry Disease, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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Yan Q, Wu K, Zeng W, Yu S, Li Y, Sun Y, Liu X, Ruan Y, Huang J, Ding H, Yi L, Zhao M, Chen J, Fan S. Historical Evolutionary Dynamics and Phylogeography Analysis of Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus and Porcine Deltacoronavirus: Findings from 59 Suspected Swine Viral Samples from China. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179786. [PMID: 36077190 PMCID: PMC9456201 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the beginning of the 21st century, humans have experienced three coronavirus pandemics, all of which were transmitted to humans via animals. Recent studies have found that porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) can infect humans, so swine enteric coronavirus (SeCoV) may cause harm through cross-species transmission. Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) and PDCoV have caused tremendous damage and loss to the pig industry around the world. Therefore, we analyzed the genome sequence data of these two SeCoVs by evolutionary dynamics and phylogeography, revealing the genetic diversity and spatiotemporal distribution characteristics. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analysis showed that TGEV could be divided into two different genotypes, and PDCoV could be divided into four main lineages. Based on the analysis results inferred by phylogeography, we inferred that TGEV might originate from America, PDCoV might originate from Asia, and different migration events had different migration rates. In addition, we also identified positive selection sites of spike protein in TGEV and PDCoV, indicating that the above sites play an essential role in promoting membrane fusion to achieve adaptive evolution. In a word, TGEV and PDCoV are the past and future of SeCoV, and the relatively smooth transmission rate of TGEV and the increasing transmission events of PDCoV are their respective transmission characteristics. Our results provide new insights into the evolutionary characteristics and transmission diversity of these SeCoVs, highlighting the potential for cross-species transmission of SeCoV and the importance of enhanced surveillance and biosecurity measures for SeCoV in the context of the COVID-19 epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanhui Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Keke Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Weijun Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shu Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuwan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yawei Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaodi Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yang Ruan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Juncong Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hongxing Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lin Yi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Mingqiu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jinding Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (S.F.); Tel.: +86-20-8528-8017 (J.C.); +86-20-8528-8017 (S.F.)
| | - Shuangqi Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (S.F.); Tel.: +86-20-8528-8017 (J.C.); +86-20-8528-8017 (S.F.)
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8
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Liu H, Wu C, Pang Z, Zhao R, Liao M, Sun H. Phylogenetic and Phylogeographic Analysis of the Highly Pathogenic H5N6 Avian Influenza Virus in China. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081752. [PMID: 36016374 PMCID: PMC9415468 DOI: 10.3390/v14081752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The clade 2.3.4.4b H5N8 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) have caused the loss of more than 33 million domestic poultry worldwide since January 2020. Novel H5N6 reassortants with hemagglutinin (HA) from clade 2.3.4.4b H5N8 AIVs are responsible for multiple human infections in China. Therefore, we conducted an epidemiological survey on waterfowl farms in Sichuan and Guangxi provinces and performed a comprehensive spatiotemporal analysis of H5N6 AIVs in China. At the nucleotide level, the H5N6 AIVs isolated in the present study exhibited high homology with the H5N6 AIVs that caused human infections. Demographic history indicates that clade 2.3.4.4b seemingly replaced clade 2.3.4.4h to become China’s predominant H5N6 AIV clade. Based on genomic diversity, we classified clade 2.3.4.4b H5N6 AIV into ten genotypes (2.3.4.4bG1–G10), of which the 2.3.4.4bG5 and G10 AIVs can cause human infections. Phylogeographic results suggest that Hong Kong and Jiangxi acted as important epicentres for clades 2.3.4.4b and 2.3.4.4h, respectively. Taken together, our study provides critical insight into the evolution and spread of H5N6 AIVs in China, which indicates that the novel 2.3.4.4b reassortants pose challenges for public health and poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanlin Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Changrong Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zifeng Pang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ming Liao
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (H.S.)
| | - Hailiang Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (H.S.)
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9
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Kwon J, Youk S, Lee DH. Role of wild birds in the spread of clade 2.3.4.4e H5N6 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus into South Korea and Japan. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022; 101:105281. [PMID: 35395408 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
H5Nx highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) have caused transboundary epizootics in poultry and wild birds. In 2016, the H5N6 subtype of clade 2.3.4.4e HPAIVs caused multiple outbreaks in Asia, including China, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam. However, the geographical spread pattern of 2.3.4.4e H5N6 HPAIV has not been clearly identified. To better understand the emergence and transmission history of 2.3.4.4e H5N6 HPAIV, we investigated the underlying epidemiologic processes associated with this viral spread by performing a Bayesian phylogeography analysis. The results revealed that wild waterfowl played a central role in the transboundary spread of clade 2.3.4.4e H5N6 HPAIV into both endemic and non-endemic countries, causing multiple incursions of the 2.3.4.4e H5N6 HPAIV into South Korea, Japan, and Vietnam. In our analysis, Guangdong province, China was estimated to be the most probable site where 2.3.4.4e H5N6 HPAIVs emerged prior to the transboundary transmissions. Continued genomic surveillance in both wild birds and poultry would be necessary for monitoring of HPAIV incursions. In addition, enhanced biosecurity would be key to preventing the HPAIV spread by minimizing contact between domestic poultry and wild birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghoon Kwon
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungsu Youk
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Dong-Hun Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Ye H, Zhang J, Sang Y, Shan N, Qiu W, Zhong W, Li J, Yuan Z. Divergent Reassortment and Transmission Dynamics of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N8) Virus in Birds of China During 2021. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:913551. [PMID: 35847056 PMCID: PMC9279683 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.913551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly pathogenic influenza A(H5N8) viruses had caused several outbreaks among wild bird and poultry populations across the globe, and strikingly, caused human infection, posing serious public health concerns. In this study, we conducted influenza surveillance in China during 2021 to monitor the evolution of influenza viruses in poultry. A total of 35 influenza viruses were obtained in chickens, ducks, and geese, of which 30 H5N8 viruses, 3 H5N1 viruses, and 2 H5N6 viruses. Phylogenetic analysis suggested all of H5N1, H5N6, and H5N8 isolates were derived from clade 2.3.4.4b H5N8 viruses during 2020/21 season, and notably, the internal genes of H5N1 and H5N6 viruses shared different genetic heterogeneity with H5N8 viruses and had been reassorted with wild bird-origin H5N1 viruses from Europe. By contrast, almost all H5N8 viruses exhibited only one phylogenic cluster with wild bird-origin H5N8 viruses in China and Korea, indicating that H5N8 viruses in China were more stable. Besides, we found that Korea is the main output geographic location in the spread of these H5N8 viruses to northern and eastern China, and especially, the co-circulation of H5N8 viruses occurred within China, with central China acted as a seeding population during the H5N8 epidemic. The statistical support was strong for viral migration from wild birds to chickens and ducks, indicating that 2.3.4.4b poultry-origin H5N8 viruses during 2020–2021 were originated from wild birds. Our findings provide novel insights into evolution and transmission dynamics of H5 subtype influenza viruses among poultry after novel H5N8 viruses invaded China for nearly one year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hejia Ye
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou South China Biological Medicine, Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahao Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunfen Sang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nan Shan
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People’s Republic of China, Nanjing, China
| | - Weihong Qiu
- Guangzhou South China Biological Medicine, Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenting Zhong
- Guangzhou South China Biological Medicine, Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junbao Li
- Guangzhou South China Biological Medicine, Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoxia Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhaoxia Yuan,
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11
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Kawakubo S, Tomitaka Y, Tomimura K, Koga R, Matsuoka H, Uematsu S, Yamashita K, Ho SYW, Ohshima K. The Recombinogenic History of Turnip Mosaic Potyvirus Reveals its Introduction to Japan in the 19th Century. Virus Evol 2022; 8:veac060. [PMID: 35903148 PMCID: PMC9320297 DOI: 10.1093/ve/veac060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterizing the detailed spatial and temporal dynamics of plant pathogens can provide
valuable information for crop protection strategies. However, the epidemiological
characteristics and evolutionary trajectories of pathogens can differ markedly from one
country to another. The most widespread and important virus of brassica vegetables, turnip
mosaic virus (TuMV), causes serious plant diseases in Japan. We collected 317 isolates of
TuMV from Raphanus and Brassica plants throughout Japan
over nearly five decades. Genomic sequences from these isolates were combined with
published sequences. We identified a total of eighty-eight independent recombination
events in Japanese TuMV genomes and found eighty-two recombination-type patterns in Japan.
We assessed the evolution of TuMV through space and time using whole and partial genome
sequences of both nonrecombinants and recombinants. Our results suggest that TuMV was
introduced into Japan after the country emerged from its isolationist policy (1639–1854)
in the Edo period and then dispersed to other parts of Japan in the 20th century. The
results of our analyses reveal the complex structure of the TuMV population in Japan and
emphasize the importance of identifying recombination events in the genome. Our study also
provides an example of surveying the epidemiology of a virus that is highly
recombinogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shusuke Kawakubo
- Laboratory of Plant Virology, Department of Biological Resource Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University , 1-banchi, Honjo-machi, Saga, Saga 840-8502, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Tomitaka
- Laboratory of Plant Virology, Department of Biological Resource Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University , 1-banchi, Honjo-machi, Saga, Saga 840-8502, Japan
- Institute for Plant Protection, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization , 2-1-18 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8666, Japan
| | - Kenta Tomimura
- Laboratory of Plant Virology, Department of Biological Resource Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University , 1-banchi, Honjo-machi, Saga, Saga 840-8502, Japan
- Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization , 485-6 Okitsu Nakacho, Shimizu, Shizuoka 424-0292, Japan
| | - Ryoko Koga
- Laboratory of Plant Virology, Department of Biological Resource Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University , 1-banchi, Honjo-machi, Saga, Saga 840-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroki Matsuoka
- Laboratory of Plant Virology, Department of Biological Resource Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University , 1-banchi, Honjo-machi, Saga, Saga 840-8502, Japan
| | - Seiji Uematsu
- Laboratory of Agro-Environmental Science, Warm Region Horticulture Institute, Chiba Prefectural Agriculture and Forestry Research Center , 1762 Yamamoto, Tateyama, Chiba 294-0014, Japan
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Bioregulation and Bio- interaction, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Kazuo Yamashita
- Vegetable Research Institute, Aomori Prefectural Industrial Technology Research Center , 91 Yanagisawa, Inuotose, Rokunohe, Aomori 033-0071, Japan
- Fukuchi Garlic R&S, 4-92 Akane , Fukuda, Nanbu-machi, Aomori 039-0815, Japan
| | - Simon Y W Ho
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney , Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Kazusato Ohshima
- Laboratory of Plant Virology, Department of Biological Resource Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University , 1-banchi, Honjo-machi, Saga, Saga 840-8502, Japan
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University , 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
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12
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The Genomic Evolution and the Transmission Dynamics of H6N2 Avian Influenza A Viruses in Southern China. Viruses 2022; 14:v14061154. [PMID: 35746626 PMCID: PMC9229805 DOI: 10.3390/v14061154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In China, the broad prevalence of H6 subtype influenza viruses, increasingly detected in aquatic birds, promotes their exchange materials with other highly pathogenic human-infecting H5N1, H5N6, and H7N9 influenza viruses. Strikingly, some H6 subtype viruses can infect pigs, dogs, and humans, posing risks to public health. In this study, 9 H6N2 viruses recovered from waterfowl species in the Guangdong province of China in 2018 were isolated and sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the genome sequences of these H6N2 viruses belonged to Group I, except for the NP gene in Group III. Coalescent analyses demonstrated that the reassortment of NA and NS genes have occurred in two independent clusters, suggesting H6 subtype viruses had been undergoing a complex reassortant. To examine the evolutionary dynamics and the dissemination of the H6 subtype viruses, a Bayesian stochastic search variable selection was performed for results showing higher viral migration rates between closer provinces, including Guangdong, Jiangxi, Guangxi, and Fujian. Notably, the transmission routes of the H6 subtype viruses were concentrated in Jiangxi Province, the most frequent location for input and output transmission and a region containing Poyang Lake, a well-known wintering site for migration birds. We also found that the aquatic birds, especially ducks, were the most common input source of the viral transmission. In addition, we also found that eight positively selected amino acid sites were identified in HA protein. Given their continuous dissemination and the broad prevalence of the H6 subtype influenza viruses, continued surveillance is warranted in the future.
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13
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Yang H, Peng Q, Lang Y, Du S, Cao S, Wu R, Zhao Q, Huang X, Wen Y, Lin J, Zhao S, Yan Q. Phylogeny, Evolution, and Transmission Dynamics of Canine and Feline Coronaviruses: A Retro-Prospective Study. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:850516. [PMID: 35558134 PMCID: PMC9087556 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.850516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine coronavirus (CCoV) and feline coronavirus (FCoV) are endemic in companion animals. Due to their high mutation rates and tendencies of genome recombination, they pose potential threats to public health. The molecular characteristics and genetic variation of both CCoV and FCoV have been thoroughly studied, but their origin and evolutionary dynamics still require further assessment. In the present study, we applied a comprehensive approach and analyzed the S, M, and N genes of different CCoV/FCoV isolates. Discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) and phylogenetic analysis showed that the FCoV sequences from Chinese isolates were closely related to the FCoV clusters in Netherlands, while recombination analysis indicated that of S N-terminal domain (NTD) was the most susceptible region of mutation, and recombination of this region is an important cause of the emergence of new lineages. Natural selection showed that CCoV and FCoV subgenotypes were in selection constraints, and CCoV-IIb was in strong positive selection. Phylodynamics showed that the mean evolution rate of S1 genes of CCoV and FCoV was 1.281 × 10–3 and 1.244 × 10–3 subs/site/year, respectively, and the tMRCA of CCoV and FCoV was about 1901 and 1822, respectively. Taken together, our study centered on tracing the origin of CCoV/FCoV and provided ample insights into the phylogeny and evolution of canine and feline coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Yang
- Swine Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianling Peng
- Swine Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yifei Lang
- Swine Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - SenYan Du
- Swine Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - SanJie Cao
- Swine Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Swine Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- Swine Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- Swine Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiping Wen
- Swine Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Juchun Lin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shan Zhao
- Swine Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qigui Yan
- Swine Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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14
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Yehia N, AbdelSabour MA, Erfan AM, Mohammed Ali Z, Soliman RA, Samy A, Mohamed Soliman M, Abd El-Hack ME, El-Saadony MT, Ahmed KA. Selenium nanoparticles enhance the efficacy of homologous vaccine against the highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus in chickens. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:2095-2111. [PMID: 35531142 PMCID: PMC9072940 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A proper vaccination against avian influenza viruses in chicken can significantly reduce the risk of human infection. Egypt has the highest number of recorded humans highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI)-H5N1 infections worldwide despite the widespread use of homologous vaccines in poultry. Enhancing H5N1 vaccine efficacy is ultimately required to better control HPAI-H5N1. The aim of this study is to boost chicken immunity by combined with inactivated HPAI-H5N1 with selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs). The chickens groups 1-3 were fed diets supplemented with SeNPs concentrations (0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/kg) for 3 weeks and then vaccinated (inactivated HPAI-H5N1). while groups 4,5 and 6 were fed with SeNPs free diets and administered with 0.5 ml of the vaccine combined with 0.02, 0.06, and 0.1 mg/dose of SeNPs and then all groups were challenged with homologous virus 3 weeks post-vaccination (WPV). Group 7, 8 were used as control positive and negative respectively. At 4, 5, and 6 WPV, antibody titer was considerably higher in the group fed a meal supplemented with 1 mg SeNPs/kg. In contrast, both methods of SeNPs supplementation significantly increased the Interleukin 2 (IL2), Interleukin 6 (IL6), and Interferon γ (IFNγ) expressions in the blood cells in a dose-dependent manner, with a higher expression observed in the group that was vaccinated with 0.1 mg/dose. After the challenge, all groups that received SeNPs via diet or vaccines dose showed significant reduction in viral shedding and milder inflammation in lung, trachea, spleen, and liver in addition to higher expression of IL2, IL6, and IFNγ, with the highest expression observed in the group that was vaccinated with 0.1 mg/dose compared the plain vaccinated group. The groups of 1 mg SeNPs/kg and combined vaccinated with 0.1 mg/dose showed the best vaccine efficacy. However, the group vaccinated with 0.1 mg/dose showed the earliest reduction in viral shedding. Overall, SeNPs supplementation in the diet and the administration of the vaccine formula with SeNPs could enhance vaccine efficacy and provide better protection against HPAI-H5N1 in chickens by enhancing cellular immunity and reducing inflammation. We recommend using SeNPs as a vaccine combination or feeding with diet to increase the immunity and vaccine efficacy against H5N1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahed Yehia
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production (RLQP), Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A AbdelSabour
- Poultry Viral Vaccines Production and Research Department, Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute (VSVRI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Erfan
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production (RLQP), Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Zeinab Mohammed Ali
- Poultry Viral Vaccines Production and Research Department, Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute (VSVRI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Egypt
| | - Reem A Soliman
- Researcher in Department of Evaluation of Inactivated Viral Poultry Vaccines, Central Laboratory for Evaluation of Veterinary Biologics, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Egypt
| | - Ahmed Samy
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production (RLQP), Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Mohamed Soliman
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, Turabah University College, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed E Abd El-Hack
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Mohamed T El-Saadony
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Kawkab A Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
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15
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Emerging of H5N6 Subtype Influenza Virus with 129-Glycosylation Site on Hemagglutinin in Poultry in China Acquires Immune Pressure Adaption. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0253721. [PMID: 35446114 PMCID: PMC9241720 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02537-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
For an investigation into the effects of glycosylation site modification on hemagglutinin (HA) on the biological characteristics of the H5N6 subtype avian influenza virus (AIV), the HA sequences of H5N6 AIVs from Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID) and the isolates in China were analyzed for genetic evolution and glycosylation site patterns. Eight recombinant H5N6 AIVs with different glycosylation site patterns were constructed, and their biological characteristics were determined. The results showed that H5N6 AIVs containing a 129-glycosylation site on HA are becoming prevalent strains in China. Acquisition of the 129-glycosylation site on the HA of H5N6 AIVs increased thermostability, decreased pH stability, and attenuated pathogenicity and contact transmission in chickens. Most importantly, H5N6 AIVs escaped the neutralization activity of the Re-8-like serum antibody. Our findings reveal that H5N6 AIVs containing the 129-glycosylation site affect antigenicity and have become prevalent strains in China. IMPORTANCE H5N6 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) were first reported in 2013 and have spread throughout many countries. In China, compulsory vaccine inoculation has been adopted to control H5 subtype avian influenza. However, the effect of vaccination on the antigenic drift of H5N6 AIVs remains unknown. Here, we found that H5N6 AIVs with the 129-glycosylation site on hemagglutinin were the dominant strains in poultry in China. The neutralization assay of the serum antibody against the H5 subtype vaccine Re-8 showed a significantly lower neutralization activity against H5N6 AIVs with the 129-glycosylation site compared to that against H5N6 AIVs without the 129-glycosylation site, indicating that the 129-glycosylation site may be a crucial molecular marker for immune evasion.
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16
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Li G, Zhai SL, Zhou X, Chen TB, Niu JW, Xie YS, Si GB, Cong F, Chen RA, He DS. Phylogeography and evolutionary dynamics analysis of porcine delta-coronavirus with host expansion to humans. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:e1670-e1681. [PMID: 35243794 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
From 2003 onwards, three pandemics have been caused by coronaviruses: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV); middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV); and, most recently, SARS-CoV-2. Notably, all three were transmitted from animals to humans. This would suggest that animals are potential sources of epidemics for humans. The emerging porcine delta-coronavirus was reported to infect children. This is a red flag that marks the ability of PDCoV to break barriers of cross-species transmission to humans. Therefore, we conducted molecular genetic analysis of global clade PDCoV to characterize spatio-temporal patterns of viral diffusion and genetic diversity. PDCoV was classified into three major lineages, according to distribution and phylogenetic analysis of PDCoV. It can be inferred based on the analysis results of the currently known PDCoV strains that PDCoV might originate in Asia. We also selected six special spike amino acid sequences to align and analyze to find seven significant mutation sites. The accumulation of these mutations may enhance dynamic movements, accelerating spike protein membrane fusion events and transmission. Altogether, our study offers a novel insight into the diversification, evolution, and interspecies transmission and origin of PDCoV and emphasizes the need to study the zoonotic potential of the PDCoV and comprehensive surveillance and enhanced biosecurity precautions for PDCoV. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shao-Lun Zhai
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture of Rural Affairs, and Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xia Zhou
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture of Rural Affairs, and Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Tian-Bao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jia-Wei Niu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yong-Sheng Xie
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Guang-Bin Si
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Feng Cong
- Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute and Guangdong, Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangzhou, 510633, China
| | - Rui-Ai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing, 526238, China
| | - Dong-Sheng He
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing, 526238, China
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17
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Amirgazin A, Shevtsov A, Karibayev T, Berdikulov M, Kozhakhmetova T, Syzdykova L, Ramankulov Y, Shustov AV. Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus of the A/H5N8 subtype, clade 2.3.4.4b, caused outbreaks in Kazakhstan in 2020. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13038. [PMID: 35256921 PMCID: PMC8898005 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Large poultry die-offs happened in Kazakhstan during autumn of 2020. The birds' disease appeared to be avian influenza. Northern Kazakhstan was hit first and then the disease propagated across the country affecting eleven provinces. This study reports the results of full-genome sequencing of viruses collected during the outbreaks and investigation of their relationship to avian influenza virus isolates in the contemporary circulation in Eurasia. Methods Samples were collected from diseased birds during the 2020 outbreaks in Kazakhstan. Initial virus detection and subtyping was done using RT-PCR. Ten samples collected during expeditions to Northern and Southern Kazakhstan were used for full-genome sequencing of avian influenza viruses. Phylogenetic analysis was used to compare viruses from Kazakhstan to viral isolates from other world regions. Results Phylogenetic trees for hemagglutinin and neuraminidase show that viruses from Kazakhstan belong to the A/H5N8 subtype and to the hemagglutinin H5 clade 2.3.4.4b. Deduced hemagglutinin amino acid sequences in all Kazakhstan's viruses in this study contain the polybasic cleavage site (KRRKR-G) indicative of the highly pathogenic phenotype. Building phylogenetic trees with the Bayesian phylogenetics results in higher statistical support for clusters than using distance methods. The Kazakhstan's viruses cluster with isolates from Southern Russia, the Russian Caucasus, the Ural region, and southwestern Siberia. Other closely related prototypes are from Eastern Europe. The Central Asia Migratory Flyway passes over Kazakhstan and birds have intermediate stops in Northern Kazakhstan. It is postulated that the A/H5N8 subtype was introduced with migrating birds. Conclusion The findings confirm the introduction of the highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses of the A/Goose/Guangdong/96 (Gs/GD) H5 lineage in Kazakhstan. This virus poses a tangible threat to public health. Considering the results of this study, it looks justifiable to undertake measures in preparation, such as install sentinel surveillance for human cases of avian influenza in the largest pulmonary units, develop a human A/H5N8 vaccine and human diagnostics capable of HPAI discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asylulan Amirgazin
- National Center for Biotechnology, Nur-Sultan, Akmola Region, Kazakhstan
| | - Alexandr Shevtsov
- National Center for Biotechnology, Nur-Sultan, Akmola Region, Kazakhstan
| | - Talgat Karibayev
- National Reference Veterinary Center, Nur-Sultan, Akmola Region, Kazakhstan
| | - Maxat Berdikulov
- National Reference Veterinary Center, Nur-Sultan, Akmola Region, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Laura Syzdykova
- National Center for Biotechnology, Nur-Sultan, Akmola Region, Kazakhstan
| | - Yerlan Ramankulov
- National Center for Biotechnology, Nur-Sultan, Akmola Region, Kazakhstan,National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Akmola Region, Kazakhstan
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18
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Liu Y, Liu C, Dang A, Sun S, Zhang D, Wang M, Chen F, Li Y, Xue R, Chen J, Lan Z. Pathological analysis and genetic characterization of the first outbreak H5N8 subtype avian influenza virus isolated from wild swan in Shandong, China. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 68:3200-3206. [PMID: 34359099 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In January 2021, an outbreak of H5N8 subtype avian influenza was identified from wild mute swans (Cygnus olor) in an overwintering site located within Yellow River Delta Nature Reserve in Shandong, China, for the first time. We sequenced the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genome segments of the virus, named A/mute swan/Shandong/1/2021 (H5N8), and explored the genetic characterization and comparative phylogenetic analysis to track its origin. The wild swans prior to death showed nervous signs accompanied by a twisted neck. The major pathological changes of the heart, lung, trachea, kidney, spleen, and glandular stomach were hemorrhage, and extensive necrotic lesions in the liver and pancreas were also observed. Further analysis of the HA and NA phylogenetic trees generated by H5N8 strains isolated worldwide revealed that the isolate has a close genetic relationship with the H5N8 subtype avian influenza virus (AIV) recently isolated in Korea and Japan from 2020 to 2021, suggesting the potential role of mute swans in the global dissemination of the H5N8 subtype AIVs along the migration routes. Therefore, enhanced active surveillance in wild and domestic birds is required to monitor the introduction and spread of the H5N8 subtype AIV by migratory birds in order to decrease the risk of H5N8 outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhan Liu
- Shandong Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Cun Liu
- Shandong Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ankun Dang
- Shandong Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shengfu Sun
- Shandong Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Miaoli Wang
- Shandong Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Shandong Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yujie Li
- Shandong Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ruixue Xue
- Shandong Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Shandong Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zouran Lan
- Shandong Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control, Jinan, Shandong, China
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19
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Yu JL, Hou S, Feng YT, Bu G, Chen QQ, Meng ZQ, Ding ZT, Guo LZ, Zhou X, Wang M, Huang XE, Li WW, He L, Gong L, Sun Y, Xu Z, Pan HF, He J, Wu JB. Emergence of a young case infected with avian influenza A (H5N6) in Anhui Province, East China during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Med Virol 2021; 93:5998-6007. [PMID: 34232513 PMCID: PMC8426836 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, we investigated the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of a young patient infected by avian influenza A (H5N6) virus in Anhui Province, East China, and analyzed genomic features of the pathogen in 2020. Through the cross‐sectional investigation of external environment monitoring (December 29–31, 2020), 1909 samples were collected from Fuyang City. It was found that the positive rate of H5N6 was higher than other areas obviously in Tianma poultry market, where the case appeared. In addition, dual coinfections were detected with a 0.057% polymerase chain reaction positive rate the surveillance years. The virus was the clade 2.3.4.4, which was most likely formed by genetic reassortment between H5N6 and H9N2 viruses. This study found that the evolution rates of the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes of the virus were higher than those of common seasonal influenza viruses. The virus was still highly pathogenic to poultry and had a preference for avian receptor binding. Various avian influenza virus (AIV) subtypes naturally have caused zoonotic infections, but the subtypes H5N1 and H7N9 have caused a prominent impact. At present, the outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia (coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID‐19]) has caused a worldwide pandemic. To our knowledge, this is the youngest child infected with H5N6 subtype avian influenza in Anhui Province. Herein, we analyzed the epidemiology of the case and the characteristics of the pathogen genome, to find out the possible evolution of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ling Yu
- Microbiological Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Microbiological Laboratory, Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Sai Hou
- Microbiological Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Microbiological Laboratory, Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ya-Ting Feng
- Department of Epidemiolgy and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ge Bu
- Microbiological Laboratory, Fuyang City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuyang, Anhui, China
| | - Qing-Qing Chen
- Microbiological Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Microbiological Laboratory, Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhao-Qian Meng
- Microbiological Laboratory, Fuyang City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuyang, Anhui, China
| | - Zhen-Tao Ding
- Microbiological Laboratory, Fuyang City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuyang, Anhui, China
| | - Liang-Zi Guo
- Microbiological Laboratory, Fuyang City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuyang, Anhui, China
| | - Xue Zhou
- Microbiological Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Microbiological Laboratory, Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Microbiological Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Microbiological Laboratory, Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xin-Er Huang
- Department of Epidemiolgy and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wei-Wei Li
- Microbiological Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Microbiological Laboratory, Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lan He
- Microbiological Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Microbiological Laboratory, Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lei Gong
- Microbiological Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Microbiological Laboratory, Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yong Sun
- Microbiological Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Microbiological Laboratory, Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhiwei Xu
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hai-Feng Pan
- Department of Epidemiolgy and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jun He
- Microbiological Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Microbiological Laboratory, Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jia-Bing Wu
- Microbiological Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Microbiological Laboratory, Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
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20
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Chen J, Li X, Xu L, Xie S, Jia W. Health threats from increased antigenicity changes in H5N6-dominant subtypes, 2020 China. J Infect 2021; 83:e9-e11. [PMID: 34147530 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2021.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Junhong Chen
- National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Li
- National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingyu Xu
- National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shumin Xie
- Experimental Animal Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weixin Jia
- National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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21
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Zhang Q, Mei X, Zhang C, Li J, Chang N, Aji D, Shi W, Bi Y, Ma Z. Novel reassortant 2.3.4.4B H5N6 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses circulating among wild, domestic birds in Xinjiang, Northwest China. J Vet Sci 2021; 22:e43. [PMID: 34170087 PMCID: PMC8318794 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2021.22.e43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The H5 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) of clade 2.3.4.4 circulate in wild and domestic birds worldwide. In 2017, nine strains of H5N6 AIVs were isolated from aquatic poultry in Xinjiang, Northwest China. Objectives This study aimed to analyze the origin, reassortment, and mutations of the AIV isolates. Methods AIVs were isolated from oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs of poultry. Identification was accomplished by inoculating isolates into embryonated chicken eggs and performing hemagglutination tests and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The viral genomes were amplified with RT-PCR and then sequenced. The sequence alignment, phylogenetic, and molecular characteristic analyses were performed by using bioinformatic software. Results Nine isolates originated from the same ancestor. The viral HA gene belonged to clade 2.3.4.4B, while the NA gene had a close phylogenetic relationship with the 2.3.4.4C H5N6 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) isolated from shoveler ducks in Ningxia in 2015. The NP gene was grouped into an independent subcluster within the 2.3.4.4B H5N8 AIVs, and the remaining six genes all had close phylogenetic relationships with the 2.3.4.4B H5N8 HPAIVs isolated from the wild birds in China, Egypt, Uganda, Cameroon, and India in 2016–2017, Multiple basic amino acid residues associated with HPAIVs were located adjacent to the cleavage site of the HA protein. The nine isolates comprised reassortant 2.3.4.4B HPAIVs originating from 2.3.4.4B H5N8 and 2.3.4.4C H5N6 viruses in wild birds. Conclusions These results suggest that the Northern Tianshan Mountain wetlands in Xinjiang may have a key role in AIVs disseminating from Central China to the Eurasian continent and East African.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Xindi Mei
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Institute of Microbiology, Center for Influenza Research and Early-Warning (CASCIRE), Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Juan Li
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Emerging infections Disease in Shandong First Medical University, Taian 271016, China
| | - Nana Chang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Dilihuma Aji
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Weifeng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Emerging infections Disease in Shandong First Medical University, Taian 271016, China
| | - Yuhai Bi
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Institute of Microbiology, Center for Influenza Research and Early-Warning (CASCIRE), Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Zhenghai Ma
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China.
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22
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Zhang J, Li X, Wang X, Ye H, Li B, Chen Y, Chen J, Zhang T, Qiu Z, Li H, Jia W, Liao M, Qi W. Genomic evolution, transmission dynamics, and pathogenicity of avian influenza A (H5N8) viruses emerging in China, 2020. Virus Evol 2021; 7:veab046. [PMID: 34141450 PMCID: PMC8206605 DOI: 10.1093/ve/veab046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple recent outbreaks of highly pathogenic H5N8 viruses originating in aquatic birds frequently occurred in most European countries, Russia, South Korea, and Japan during the winter of 2020–21, and one zoonotic event of poultry workers infected with novel H5N8 viruses were reported in Russia. Strikingly, these novel H5N8 viruses had emerged and been co-circulating in wild birds and poultry in multiple provinces of China during 2020–21. In China, the population of aquatic birds has risen significantly in the past twenty years, and China is regarded as the largest reservoir for influenza viruses carried in aquatic birds across the globe. Hence, the co-circulation of these novel H5N8 viruses poses an alarming threat to not only poultry industry but also human health. In this study, we sequenced full-length genomes of these H5N8 viruses circulating in China. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that poultry-origin H5N8 viruses in China fell within wild birds-origin clade 2.3.4.4b H5N8 viruses from Europe during 2020–21, and notably, were genetically closely related to human-infecting H5N8 viruses in Russia. Moreover, they possessed several molecular markers associated with mammalian adaption. Bayesian coalescent analysis showed that these H5N8 viruses might have introduced into China during June–September 2020, suggesting that these H5N8 viruses might have introduced via wild bird migration or poultry trade. Besides, we also found that the effective population size of clade 2.3.4.4b H5N8 viruses dramatically increased during the winter season of 2020/21, as is consistent with previous increase of genetic diversity during the winter seasons of 2013/14 and 2016/17, which indicated that the wild bird migration accelerates the genetic diversity of these H5N8 viruses during the winter season of 2020/21. Notably, these novel H5N8 viruses were lethal to chickens and mice, highly transmissible to ducks, and were antigenically distinct from 2.3.4.4h H5 viruses circulating in China, posing considerable threats to public health. Our findings offer novel insights into the evolution and risk assessment of H5N8 viruses during the winter season of 2020–21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Zhang
- National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Wushan Rd, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xudong Li
- National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Wushan Rd, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Wushan Rd, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hejia Ye
- Guangzhou South China Biological Medicine, Co., Ltd, Wushan Rd, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Bo Li
- National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Wushan Rd, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yiqun Chen
- National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Wushan Rd, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Junhong Chen
- National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Wushan Rd, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Wushan Rd, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ziwen Qiu
- National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Wushan Rd, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Huanan Li
- National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Wushan Rd, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Weixin Jia
- National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Wushan Rd, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China.,National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Wushan Rd, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Ming Liao
- National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Wushan Rd, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China.,National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Wushan Rd, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenbao Qi
- National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Wushan Rd, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China.,National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Wushan Rd, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
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