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Wang H, Zhang Y, Feng X, Peng F, Mazoor MA, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Han W, Lu J, Cao Y, Cai Y. Analysis of the β-Glucosidase Family Reveals Genes Involved in the Lignification of Stone Cells in Chinese White Pear ( Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:852001. [PMID: 35620693 PMCID: PMC9127867 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.852001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BGLU β-glucosidases in glycoside hydrolase family 1 (GH1) are involved in many processes of plant secondary metabolism. In particular, its de-glycosylation function plays an important role in the transport of lignin monolignols. No comprehensive study of the BGLU family in Chinese pear (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.) has been reported yet. In this study, the 50 BGLU family members from Chinese white pear were identified. Three candidate genes, PbBGLU1, PbBGLU15, and PbBGLU16, that may be involved in lignin synthesis were screened by bioinformatics analysis and qRT-PCR. Subcellular localization showed that all three of these candidate genes were expressed in the extracellular region. Then, we analyzed the functions of PbBGLU1 and PbBGLU16. In situ hybridization analysis showed that PbBGLU1 transcripts were not only localized to some pulp cell walls, lignin deposition, and stone cell areas of a pear fruit, but that was also a small amount of enrichment in normal pear flesh cells. PbBGLU16 transcripts were only enriched in lignin deposition and stone cell areas of pear fruit. Enzyme activity analysis revealed that GST-PbBGLU1 and GST-PbBGLU16 had a stronger activity and higher catalytic efficiency for coniferin than syringin. In addition, GST-PbBGLU16 exhibited the higher activity and catalytic efficiency for the two substrates compared with GST-PbBGLU1. The transformation of PbBGLU1 and PbBGLU16 into Arabidopsis identified that the lignin contents of Arabidopsis BGLU-45 mutant, PbBGLU1-RE, and PbBGLU16-RE were not changed than that of wild-type. However, compared with wild-type Arabidopsis, the overexpression of the plant's lignin increased in varying degrees. The effect of PbBGLU16 on the lignin increment was greater than that of PbBGLU1 in Arabidopsis. In pear fruits, with transient overexpression of PbBGLU1, the contents of lignin and stone cells were significantly higher (0.01 < P < 0.05) than those with empty vector injection pear fruits. After transient expression of PbBGLU16, lignin in pear fruit increased significantly (0.01 < P < 0.05) and stone cells showed a very significant difference (P < 0.01) compared with the control group. However, RNA interference silenced these two genes in pear fruit, which seemed to have no impression on lignin and stone cells. This study provides a molecular biological basis for improving pear fruit quality at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaofeng Feng
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Fulei Peng
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | | | - Yang Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - WenLong Han
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Jinjin Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yunpeng Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongping Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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Guzmán-Ortiz FA, Castro-Rosas J, Gómez-Aldapa CA, Mora-Escobedo R, Rojas-León A, Rodríguez-Marín ML, Falfán-Cortés RN, Román-Gutiérrez AD. Enzyme activity during germination of different cereals: A review. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2018.1514623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Javier Castro-Rosas
- Área Académica de Química (AAQ), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Hidalgo. CP, Mexico
| | | | - Rosalva Mora-Escobedo
- Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Campus Zacatenco, Unidad Profesional “Adolfo López Mateos”, Calle Wilfrido Massieu esquina Cda, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Adriana Rojas-León
- Área Académica de Química (AAQ), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Hidalgo. CP, Mexico
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Kozlova LV, Gorshkov OV, Mokshina NE, Gorshkova TA. Differential expression of α-L-arabinofuranosidases during maize (Zea mays L.) root elongation. PLANTA 2015; 241:1159-1172. [PMID: 25608890 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-015-2244-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Specific α- l -arabinofuranosidases are involved in the realisation of elongation growth process in cells with type II cell walls. Elongation growth in a plant cell is largely based on modification of the cell wall. In type II cell walls, the Ara/Xyl ratio is known to decrease during elongation due to the partial removal of Ara residues from glucuronoarabinoxylan. We searched within the maize genome for the genes of all predicted α-L-arabinofuranosidases that may be responsible for such a process and related their expression to the activity of the enzyme and the amount of free arabinose measured in six zones of a growing maize root. Eight genes of the GH51 family (ZmaABFs) and one gene of the GH3 family (ZmaARA-I) were identified. The abundance of ZmaABF1 and 3-6 transcripts was highly correlated with the measured enzymatic activity and free arabinose content that significantly increased during elongation. The transcript abundances also coincided with the pattern of changes in the Ara/Xyl ratio of the xylanase-extractable glucuronoarabinoxylan described in previous studies. The expression of ZmaABF3, 5 and 6 was especially up-regulated during elongation although corresponding proteins are devoid of the catalytic glutamate at the proper position. ZmaABF2 transcripts were specifically enriched in the root cap and meristem. A single ZmaARA-I gene was not expressed as a whole gene but instead as splice variants that encode the C-terminal end of the protein. Changes in the ZmaARA-I transcript level were rather moderate and had no significant correlation with free arabinose content. Thus, elongation growth of cells with type II cell walls is accompanied by the up-regulation of specific and predicted α-L-arabinofuranosidase genes, and the corresponding activity is indeed pronounced and is important for the modification of glucuronoarabinoxylan, which plays a key role in the modification of the cell wall supramolecular organisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liudmila V Kozlova
- Kazan Scientific Center, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lobachevsky 2/31, p.o. 30, 420111, Kazan, Russia,
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Gómez-Anduro G, Ceniceros-Ojeda EA, Casados-Vázquez LE, Bencivenni C, Sierra-Beltrán A, Murillo-Amador B, Tiessen A. Genome-wide analysis of the beta-glucosidase gene family in maize (Zea mays L. var B73). PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 77:159-83. [PMID: 21695572 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-011-9800-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 06/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The hydrolysis of beta-D: -glucosidic bonds which is required for the liberation of many physiologically important compounds is catalyzed by the enzyme beta-glucosidase (BGLU, EC 3.2.1.21). BGLUs are implicated in several processes in plants, such as the timely response to biotic and abiotic stresses through activation of phytohormones and defense compounds. We identified 26 BGLU isozymes in the genome of the maize inbred B73 and propose a standardized nomenclature for all Zea mays BGLU paralogs (Zmbglu1-Zmbglu26). We characterized their intron-exon structure, protein features, phylogenetic relationships, and measured their expression and activity in various tissues under different environmental conditions. Sequence alignments revealed some characteristic motifs (conserved amino acids) and specific differences among different isozymes. Analysis of putative signal peptides suggested that some BGLUs are plastidic, whereas others are mitochondrial, cytosolic, vacuolar or secreted. Microarray and RT-PCR analysis showed that each member of the Zmbglu family had a characteristic expression pattern with regard to tissue specificity and response to different abiotic conditions. The source of variance for gene expression was highest for the type of organ analyzed (tissue variance) than for the growth conditions (environmental variance) or genotype (genetic variance). Analysis of promoter sequences revealed that each Zmbglu paralog possesses a distinct set of cis elements and transcription factor binding sites. Since there are no two Zmbglu paralogs that have identical molecular properties, we conclude that gene subfunctionalization in maize occurs much more rapidly than gene duplication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gracia Gómez-Anduro
- Center for Biological Research of Northwest (CIBNOR), Mar Bermejo No. 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita, P.O. Box 128, 23090 La Paz, Mexico
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Han Y, Chen H. A β-xylosidase from cell wall of maize: Purification, properties and its use in hydrolysis of plant cell wall. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2010.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Dornez E, Gebruers K, Delcour JA, Courtin CM. Grain-associated xylanases: occurrence, variability, and implications for cereal processing. Trends Food Sci Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2009.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Biely P, Leathers TD, Cziszárová M, Vršanská M, Cotta MA. Endo-β-1,4-xylanase inhibitors in leaves and roots of germinated maize. J Cereal Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2007.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Alvarez S, Goodger JQD, Marsh EL, Chen S, Asirvatham VS, Schachtman DP. Characterization of the maize xylem sap proteome. J Proteome Res 2006; 5:963-72. [PMID: 16602704 DOI: 10.1021/pr050471q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The xylem in plants has mainly been described as a conduit for water and minerals, but emerging evidence also indicates that the xylem contains protein. To study the proteins in xylem sap, we characterized the identity and composition of the maize xylem sap proteome. The composition of the xylem sap proteome in maize revealed proteins related to different phases of xylem differentiation including cell wall metabolism, secondary cell wall synthesis, and programmed cell death. Many proteins were found to be present as multiple isoforms and some of these isoforms are glycosylated. Proteins involved in defense mechanisms were also present in xylem sap and the sap proteins were shown to have antifungal activity in bioassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Alvarez
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 North Warson Road, Saint Louis, Missouri 63132, USA
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