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Jiang F, Liu D, Dai J, Yang T, Zhang J, Che D, Fan J. Cloning and Functional Characterization of 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate cytidylyltransferase (LiMCT) Gene in Oriental Lily (Lilium 'Sorbonne'). Mol Biotechnol 2024; 66:56-67. [PMID: 37014586 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00729-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-phosphate cytidylyltransferase (MCT) is a key enzyme in the MEP pathway of monoterpene synthesis, catalyzing the generation of 4- (5'-pyrophosphate cytidine)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol from 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate. We used homologous cloning strategy to clone gene, LiMCT, in the MEP pathway that may be involved in the regulation of floral fragrance synthesis in the Lilium oriental hybrid 'Sorbonne.' The full-length ORF sequence was 837 bp, encoding 278 amino acids. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the relative molecular weight of LiMCT protein is 68.56 kD and the isoelectric point (pI) is 5.12. The expression pattern of LiMCT gene was found to be consistent with the accumulation sites and emission patterns of floral fragrance monoterpenes in transcriptome data (unpublished). Subcellular localization indicated that the LiMCT protein is located in chloroplasts, which is consistent with the location of MEP pathway genes functioning in plastids to produce isoprene precursors. Overexpression of LiMCT in Arabidopsis thaliana affected the expression levels of MEP and MVA pathway genes, suggesting that overexpression of the LiMCT in A. thaliana affected the metabolic flow of C5 precursors of two different terpene synthesis pathways. The expression of the monoterpene synthase AtTPS14 was elevated nearly fourfold in transgenic A. thaliana compared with the control, and the levels of carotenoids and chlorophylls, the end products of the MEP pathway, were significantly increased in the leaves at full bloom, indicating that LiMCT plays an important role in regulating monoterpene synthesis and in the synthesis of other isoprene-like precursors in transgenic A. thaliana flowers. However, the specific mechanism of LiMCT in promoting the accumulation of isoprene products of the MEP pathway and the biosynthesis of floral monoterpene volatile components needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Jiang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Dongying Liu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jingqi Dai
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Tao Yang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jinzhu Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Daidi Che
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jinping Fan
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
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Yang F, Li G, Felix G, Albert M, Guo M. Engineered Agrobacterium improves transformation by mitigating plant immunity detection. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:2493-2504. [PMID: 36564969 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Agrobacterium tumefaciens microbe-associated molecular pattern elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu) is perceived by orthologs of the Arabidopsis immune receptor EFR activating pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) that causes reduced T-DNA-mediated transient expression. We altered EF-Tu in A. tumefaciens to reduce PTI and improved transformation efficiency. A robust computational pipeline was established to detect EF-Tu protein variation in a large set of plant bacterial species and identified EF-Tu variants from bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 that allow the pathogen to escape EFR perception. Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains were engineered to substitute EF-Tu with DC3000 variants and examined their transformation efficiency in plants. Elongation factor Tu variants with rarely occurred amino acid residues were identified within DC3000 EF-Tu that mitigates recognition by EFR. Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains were engineered by expressing DC3000 EF-Tu instead of native agrobacterial EF-Tu and resulted in decreased plant immunity detection. These engineered A. tumefaciens strains displayed an increased efficiency in transient expression in both Arabidopsis thaliana and Camelina sativa. The results support the potential application of these strains as improved vehicles to introduce transgenic alleles into members of the Brassicaceae family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0722, USA
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0660, USA
| | - Guangyong Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0722, USA
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0660, USA
| | - Georg Felix
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 72074, Germany
| | - Markus Albert
- Department of Biology, Molecular Plant Physiology, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - Ming Guo
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0664, USA
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Akbarimotlagh M, Azizi A, Shams-Bakhsh M, Jafari M, Ghasemzadeh A, Palukaitis P. Critical points for the design and application of RNA silencing constructs for plant virus resistance. Adv Virus Res 2023; 115:159-203. [PMID: 37173065 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aivir.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Control of plant virus diseases is a big challenge in agriculture as is resistance in plant lines to infection by viruses. Recent progress using advanced technologies has provided fast and durable alternatives. One of the most promising techniques against plant viruses that is cost-effective and environmentally safe is RNA silencing or RNA interference (RNAi), a technology that could be used alone or along with other control methods. To achieve the goals of fast and durable resistance, the expressed and target RNAs have been examined in many studies, with regard to the variability in silencing efficiency, which is regulated by various factors such as target sequences, target accessibility, RNA secondary structures, sequence variation in matching positions, and other intrinsic characteristics of various small RNAs. Developing a comprehensive and applicable toolbox for the prediction and construction of RNAi helps researchers to achieve the acceptable performance level of silencing elements. Although the attainment of complete prediction of RNAi robustness is not possible, as it also depends on the cellular genetic background and the nature of the target sequences, some important critical points have been discerned. Thus, the efficiency and robustness of RNA silencing against viruses can be improved by considering the various parameters of the target sequence and the construct design. In this review, we provide a comprehensive treatise regarding past, present and future prospective developments toward designing and applying RNAi constructs for resistance to plant viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Akbarimotlagh
- Plant Pathology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolbaset Azizi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Masoud Shams-Bakhsh
- Plant Pathology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Jafari
- Department of Plant Protection, Higher Education Complex of Saravan, Saravan, Iran
| | - Aysan Ghasemzadeh
- Plant Pathology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Peter Palukaitis
- Department of Horticulture Sciences, Seoul Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Santiago-Velasco M, Ortiz-López E, Flores-Méndez A, Barrera-Figueroa BE, García-López E, Peña-Castro JM. Transformation efficiency of Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes with differential tolerance to submergence stress. ALL LIFE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2022.2124315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Santiago-Velasco
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Vegetal, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad del Papaloapan, Oaxaca, México
- División de Estudios de Posgrado, Universidad del Papaloapan, Oaxaca, México
| | - Erick Ortiz-López
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Vegetal, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad del Papaloapan, Oaxaca, México
| | - Alexis Flores-Méndez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Vegetal, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad del Papaloapan, Oaxaca, México
| | | | | | - Julián Mario Peña-Castro
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Vegetal, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad del Papaloapan, Oaxaca, México
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Ran J, Shang C, Mei L, Li S, Tian T, Qiao G. Overexpression of CpADC from Chinese Cherry ( Cerasus pseudocerasus Lindl. 'Manaohong') Promotes the Ability of Response to Drought in Arabidopsis thaliana. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314943. [PMID: 36499268 PMCID: PMC9740122 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyamines (PA) play an important role in the growth, development and stress resistance of plants, and arginine decarboxylase (ADC) is one of the key enzymes in the biosynthetic pathway of polyamines. Previously, the transcriptional regulation of the 'Manaohong' cherry under the shelter covering was carried out, and the PA synthase-related genes, particularly the ADC gene, were differentially expressed as exposure to drought stress. However, the mechanisms of how ADC is involved in the response of cherry to abiotic stress (especially drought stress) are still unknown. In the present work, the full-length coding sequence of this gene was isolated and named CpADC. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that the coding sequence of CpADC was 2529 bp in length. Cluster analysis showed that CpADC had the highest homologies with those of sweet cherry (Prunus avium, XP_021806331) and peach (Prunus persica, XP_007200307). Subcellular localization detected that the CpADC was localized in the plant nucleus. The qPCR quantification showed that CpADC was differentially expressed in roots, stems, leaves, flower buds, flowers, and fruits at different periods. Drought stress treatments were applied to both wild-type (WT) and transgenic Arabidopsis lines, and relevant physiological indicators were measured, and the results showed that the putrescine content of transgenic Arabidopsis was higher than that of WT under high-temperature treatment. The results showed that the MDA content of WT was consistently higher than that of transgenic plants and that the degree of stress in WT was more severe than in transgenic Arabidopsis, indicating that transgenic CpADC was able to enhance the stress resistance of the plants. Both the transgenic and WT plants had significantly higher levels of proline in their leaves after the stress treatment than before, but the WT plant had lower levels of proline than that of transgenic Arabidopsis in both cases. This shows that the accumulation of proline in the transgenic plants was higher than that in the wild type under drought and high and low-temperature stress, suggesting that the transgenic plants are more stress tolerant than the WT. Taken together, our results reveal that, under drought stress, the increase in both expressions of CpADC gene and Put (putrescine) accumulation regulates the activity of ADC, the content of MDA and Pro to enhance the drought resistance of Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Ran
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, College of Life Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Chunqiong Shang
- Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhou, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Lina Mei
- Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhou, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, College of Life Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, College of Life Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Guang Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, College of Life Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-085-183-865-027
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Völz R, Park JY, Kim S, Park SY, Harris W, Chung H, Lee YH. The rice/maize pathogen Cochliobolus spp. infect and reproduce on Arabidopsis revealing differences in defensive phytohormone function between monocots and dicots. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:412-429. [PMID: 32168401 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The fungal genus Cochliobolus describes necrotrophic pathogens that give rise to significant losses on rice, wheat, and maize. Revealing plant mechanisms of non-host resistance (NHR) against Cochliobolus will help to uncover strategies that can be exploited in engineered cereals. Therefore, we developed a heterogeneous pathosystem and studied the ability of Cochliobolus to infect dicotyledons. We report here that C. miyabeanus and C. heterostrophus infect Arabidopsis accessions and produce functional conidia, thereby demonstrating the ability to accept Brassica spp. as host plants. Some ecotypes exhibited a high susceptibility, whereas others hindered the necrotrophic disease progression of the Cochliobolus strains. Natural variation in NHR among the tested Arabidopsis accessions can advance the identification of genetic loci that prime the plant's defence repertoire. We found that applied phytotoxin-containing conidial fluid extracts of C. miyabeanus caused necrotic lesions on rice leaves but provoked only minor irritations on Arabidopsis. This result implies that C. miyabeanus phytotoxins are insufficiently adapted to promote dicot colonization, which corresponds to a retarded infection progression. Previous studies on rice demonstrated that ethylene (ET) promotes C. miyabeanus infection, whereas salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) exert a minor function. However, in Arabidopsis, we revealed that the genetic disruption of the ET and JA signalling pathways compromises basal resistance against Cochliobolus, whereas SA biosynthesis mutants showed a reduced susceptibility. Our results refer to the synergistic action of ET/JA and indicate distinct defence systems between Arabidopsis and rice to confine Cochliobolus propagation. Moreover, this heterogeneous pathosystem may help to reveal mechanisms of NHR and associated defensive genes against Cochliobolus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronny Völz
- Plant Immunity Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Ju-Young Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
- R&D Institute, YUHAN Inc., Yongin, 17084, Korea
| | - Soonok Kim
- Genetic Resources Assessment Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, 22689, Korea
| | - Sook-Young Park
- Department of Plant Medicine, Suncheon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Korea
| | - William Harris
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Hyunjung Chung
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Yong-Hwan Lee
- Plant Immunity Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
- Center for Fungal Genetic Resources, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
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7
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Tundo S, Paccanaro MC, Elmaghraby I, Moscetti I, D’Ovidio R, Favaron F, Sella L. The Xylanase Inhibitor TAXI-I Increases Plant Resistance to Botrytis cinerea by Inhibiting the BcXyn11a Xylanase Necrotizing Activity. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9050601. [PMID: 32397168 PMCID: PMC7285161 DOI: 10.3390/plants9050601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
During host plant infection, pathogens produce a wide array of cell wall degrading enzymes (CWDEs) to break the plant cell wall. Among CWDEs, xylanases are key enzymes in the degradation of xylan, the main component of hemicellulose. Targeted deletion experiments support the direct involvement of the xylanase BcXyn11a in the pathogenesis of Botrytis cinerea. Since the Triticum aestivum xylanase inhibitor-I (TAXI-I) has been shown to inhibit BcXyn11a, we verified if TAXI-I could be exploited to counteract B. cinerea infections. With this aim, we first produced Nicotiana tabacum plants transiently expressing TAXI-I, observing increased resistance to B. cinerea. Subsequently, we transformed Arabidopsis thaliana to express TAXI-I constitutively, and we obtained three transgenic lines exhibiting a variable amount of TAXI-I. The line with the higher level of TAXI-I showed increased resistance to B. cinerea and the absence of necrotic lesions when infiltrated with BcXyn11a. Finally, in a droplet application experiment on wild-type Arabidopsis leaves, TAXI-I prevented the necrotizing activity of BcXyn11a. These results would confirm that the contribution of BcXyn11a to virulence is due to its necrotizing rather than enzymatic activity. In conclusion, our experiments highlight the ability of the TAXI-I xylanase inhibitor to counteract B. cinerea infection presumably by preventing the necrotizing activity of BcXyn11a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Tundo
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry (TESAF), Research Group in Plant Pathology, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (S.T.); (M.C.P.); (I.E.); (F.F.)
| | - Maria Chiara Paccanaro
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry (TESAF), Research Group in Plant Pathology, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (S.T.); (M.C.P.); (I.E.); (F.F.)
| | - Ibrahim Elmaghraby
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry (TESAF), Research Group in Plant Pathology, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (S.T.); (M.C.P.); (I.E.); (F.F.)
- Agricultural Research Center, Central Laboratory of Organic Agriculture, 9, Cairo Univ. St., Giza 12619, Egypt
| | - Ilaria Moscetti
- Department of Ecology and Biology (DEB), Biophysics and Nanoscience Centre, University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy;
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy;
| | - Renato D’Ovidio
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy;
| | - Francesco Favaron
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry (TESAF), Research Group in Plant Pathology, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (S.T.); (M.C.P.); (I.E.); (F.F.)
| | - Luca Sella
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry (TESAF), Research Group in Plant Pathology, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (S.T.); (M.C.P.); (I.E.); (F.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-049-8272893
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Bechtold U, Ferguson JN, Mullineaux PM. To defend or to grow: lessons from Arabidopsis C24. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:2809-2821. [PMID: 29562306 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of Arabidopsis as a model species and the availability of genetic and genomic resources have resulted in the identification and detailed characterization of abiotic stress signalling pathways. However, this has led only to limited success in engineering abiotic stress tolerance in crops. This is because there needs to be a deeper understanding of how to combine resistances to a range of stresses with growth and productivity. The natural variation and genomic resources of Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) are a great asset to understand the mechanisms of multiple stress tolerances. One natural variant in Arabidopsis is the accession C24, and here we provide an overview of the increasing research interest in this accession. C24 is highlighted as a source of tolerance for multiple abiotic and biotic stresses, and a key accession to understand the basis of basal immunity to infection, high water use efficiency, and water productivity. Multiple biochemical, physiological, and phenological mechanisms have been attributed to these traits in C24, and none of them constrains productivity. Based on the uniqueness of C24, we postulate that the use of variation derived from natural selection in undomesticated species provides opportunities to better understand how complex environmental stress tolerances and resource use efficiency are co-ordinated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Bechtold
- University of Essex, School of Biological Sciences, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, UK
| | - John N Ferguson
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Philip M Mullineaux
- University of Essex, School of Biological Sciences, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, UK
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Denbow CJ, Lapins S, Dietz N, Scherer R, Nimchuk ZL, Okumoto S. Gateway-Compatible CRISPR-Cas9 Vectors and a Rapid Detection by High-Resolution Melting Curve Analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1171. [PMID: 28725235 PMCID: PMC5496963 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
CRISPR-Cas9 system rapidly became an indispensable tool in plant biology to perform targeted mutagenesis. A CRISPR-Cas9-mediated double strand break followed by non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) repair most frequently results in a single base pair deletion or insertions (indels), which is hard to detect using methods based on enzymes that detect heteroduplex DNA. In addition, somatic tissues of the T1 generation inevitably contain a mosaic population, in which the portion of cells carrying the mutation can be too small to be detected by the enzyme-based methods. Here we report an optimized experimental protocol for detecting Arabidopsis mutants carrying a CRISPR-Cas9 mediated mutation, using high-resolution melting (HRM) curve analysis. Single-base pair insertion or deletion (indel) can be easily detected using this method. We have also examined the detection limit for the template containing a one bp indel compared to the WT genome. Our results show that <5% of mutant DNA containing one bp indel can be detected using this method. The vector developed in this study can be used with a Gateway technology-compatible derivative of pCUT vectors, with which off-target mutations could not be detected even by a whole genome sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia J. Denbow
- Department of Plant Pathology, Physiology and Weed ScienceBlacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Samantha Lapins
- Department of Plant Pathology, Physiology and Weed ScienceBlacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Nick Dietz
- Department of Plant Pathology, Physiology and Weed ScienceBlacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Raelynn Scherer
- Department of Plant Pathology, Physiology and Weed ScienceBlacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Zachary L. Nimchuk
- Department of Biology, University of North CarolinaChapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Sakiko Okumoto
- Department of Plant Pathology, Physiology and Weed ScienceBlacksburg, VA, United States
- Department of Soil and Crop Science, Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Sakiko Okumoto
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Saha P, Blumwald E. Spike-dip transformation of Setaria viridis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 86:89-101. [PMID: 26932666 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Traditional method of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation through the generation of tissue culture had limited success for Setaria viridis, an emerging C4 monocot model. Here we present an efficient in planta method for Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of S. viridis using spike dip. Pre-anthesis developing spikes were dipped into a solution of Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain AGL1 harboring the β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene driven by the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S (CaMV35S) promoter to standardize and optimize conditions for transient as well as stable transformations. A transformation efficiency of 0.8 ± 0.1% was obtained after dipping of 5-day-old S3 spikes for 20 min in Agrobacterium cultures containing S. viridis spike-dip medium supplemented with 0.025% Silwet L-77 and 200 μm acetosyringone. Reproducibility of this method was demonstrated by generating stable transgenic lines expressing β-glucuronidase plus (GUSplus), green fluorescent protein (GFP) and Discosoma sp. red fluorescent protein (DsRed) reporter genes driven by either CaMV35S or intron-interrupted maize ubiquitin (Ubi) promoters from three S. viridis genotypes. Expression of these reporter genes in transient assays as well as in T1 stable transformed plants was monitored using histochemical, fluorometric GUS activity and fluorescence microscopy. Molecular analysis of transgenic lines revealed stable integration of transgenes into the genome, and inherited transgenes expressed in the subsequent generations. This approach provides opportunities for the high-throughput transformation and potentially facilitates translational research in a monocot model plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasenjit Saha
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Eduardo Blumwald
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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Ghedira R, De Buck S, Van Ex F, Angenon G, Depicker A. T-DNA transfer and T-DNA integration efficiencies upon Arabidopsis thaliana root explant cocultivation and floral dip transformation. PLANTA 2013; 238:1025-1037. [PMID: 23975012 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-013-1948-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
T-DNA transfer and integration frequencies during Agrobacterium-mediated root explant cocultivation and floral dip transformations of Arabidopsis thaliana were analyzed with and without selection for transformation-competent cells. Based on the presence or absence of CRE recombinase activity without or with the CRE T-DNA being integrated, transient expression versus stable transformation was differentiated. During root explant cocultivation, continuous light enhanced the number of plant cells competent for interaction with Agrobacterium and thus the number of transient gene expression events. However, in transformation competent plant cells, continuous light did not further enhance cotransfer or cointegration frequencies. Upon selection for root transformants expressing a first T-DNA, 43-69 % of these transformants showed cotransfer of another non-selected T-DNA in two different light regimes. However, integration of the non-selected cotransferred T-DNA occurred only in 19-46 % of these transformants, indicating that T-DNA integration in regenerating root cells limits the transformation frequencies. After floral dip transformation, transient T-DNA expression without integration could not be detected, while stable T-DNA transformation occurred in 0.5-1.3 % of the T1 seedlings. Upon selection for floral dip transformants with a first T-DNA, 8-34 % of the transformants showed cotransfer of the other non-selected T-DNA and in 93-100 % of them, the T-DNA was also integrated. Therefore, a productive interaction between the agrobacteria and the female gametophyte, rather than the T-DNA integration process, restricts the floral dip transformation frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rim Ghedira
- Department Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sylvie De Buck
- Department Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Van Ex
- Laboratory of Plant Genetics, Institute for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1050, Brussel, Belgium
- Bayer CropScience NV, Technologiepark 38, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert Angenon
- Laboratory of Plant Genetics, Institute for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1050, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Ann Depicker
- Department Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
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