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Nadarajah K, Abdul Rahman NSN. Plant-Microbe Interaction: Aboveground to Belowground, from the Good to the Bad. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910388. [PMID: 34638728 PMCID: PMC8508622 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil health and fertility issues are constantly addressed in the agricultural industry. Through the continuous and prolonged use of chemical heavy agricultural systems, most agricultural lands have been impacted, resulting in plateaued or reduced productivity. As such, to invigorate the agricultural industry, we would have to resort to alternative practices that will restore soil health and fertility. Therefore, in recent decades, studies have been directed towards taking a Magellan voyage of the soil rhizosphere region, to identify the diversity, density, and microbial population structure of the soil, and predict possible ways to restore soil health. Microbes that inhabit this region possess niche functions, such as the stimulation or promotion of plant growth, disease suppression, management of toxicity, and the cycling and utilization of nutrients. Therefore, studies should be conducted to identify microbes or groups of organisms that have assigned niche functions. Based on the above, this article reviews the aboveground and below-ground microbiomes, their roles in plant immunity, physiological functions, and challenges and tools available in studying these organisms. The information collected over the years may contribute toward future applications, and in designing sustainable agriculture.
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Chethana KWT, Jayawardena RS, Chen YJ, Konta S, Tibpromma S, Abeywickrama PD, Gomdola D, Balasuriya A, Xu J, Lumyong S, Hyde KD. Diversity and Function of Appressoria. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10060746. [PMID: 34204815 PMCID: PMC8231555 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10060746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytic, saprobic, and pathogenic fungi have evolved elaborate strategies to obtain nutrients from plants. Among the diverse plant-fungi interactions, the most crucial event is the attachment and penetration of the plant surface. Appressoria, specialized infection structures, have been evolved to facilitate this purpose. In this review, we describe the diversity of these appressoria and classify them into two main groups: single-celled appressoria (proto-appressoria, hyaline appressoria, melanized (dark) appressoria) and compound appressoria. The ultrastructure of appressoria, their initiation, their formation, and their function in fungi are discussed. We reviewed the molecular mechanisms regulating the formation and function of appressoria, their strategies to evade host defenses, and the related genomics and transcriptomics. The current review provides a foundation for comprehensive studies regarding their evolution and diversity in different fungal groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. W. Thilini Chethana
- Innovative Institute of Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China;
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand; (R.S.J.); (Y.-J.C.); (S.K.); (P.D.A.); (D.G.)
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Ruvishika S. Jayawardena
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand; (R.S.J.); (Y.-J.C.); (S.K.); (P.D.A.); (D.G.)
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Yi-Jyun Chen
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand; (R.S.J.); (Y.-J.C.); (S.K.); (P.D.A.); (D.G.)
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Sirinapa Konta
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand; (R.S.J.); (Y.-J.C.); (S.K.); (P.D.A.); (D.G.)
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Saowaluck Tibpromma
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China;
| | - Pranami D. Abeywickrama
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand; (R.S.J.); (Y.-J.C.); (S.K.); (P.D.A.); (D.G.)
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Diseases and Pests of North China Fruits, Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Deecksha Gomdola
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand; (R.S.J.); (Y.-J.C.); (S.K.); (P.D.A.); (D.G.)
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Abhaya Balasuriya
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Mihintale 50300, Sri Lanka;
| | - Jianping Xu
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada;
| | - Saisamorn Lumyong
- Center of Excellence in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok 10300, Thailand
| | - Kevin D. Hyde
- Innovative Institute of Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China;
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand; (R.S.J.); (Y.-J.C.); (S.K.); (P.D.A.); (D.G.)
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China;
- Center of Excellence in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Correspondence:
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Khatabi B, Gharechahi J, Ghaffari MR, Liu D, Haynes PA, McKay MJ, Mirzaei M, Salekdeh GH. Plant-Microbe Symbiosis: What Has Proteomics Taught Us? Proteomics 2020; 19:e1800105. [PMID: 31218790 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201800105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Beneficial microbes have a positive impact on the productivity and fitness of the host plant. A better understanding of the biological impacts and underlying mechanisms by which the host derives these benefits will help to address concerns around global food production and security. The recent development of omics-based technologies has broadened our understanding of the molecular aspects of beneficial plant-microbe symbiosis. Specifically, proteomics has led to the identification and characterization of several novel symbiosis-specific and symbiosis-related proteins and post-translational modifications that play a critical role in mediating symbiotic plant-microbe interactions and have helped assess the underlying molecular aspects of the symbiotic relationship. Integration of proteomic data with other "omics" data can provide valuable information to assess hypotheses regarding the underlying mechanism of symbiosis and help define the factors affecting the outcome of symbiosis. Herein, an update is provided on the current and potential applications of symbiosis-based "omic" approaches to dissect different aspects of symbiotic plant interactions. The application of proteomics, metaproteomics, and secretomics as enabling approaches for the functional analysis of plant-associated microbial communities is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Khatabi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Resource Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD, 21853, USA
| | - Javad Gharechahi
- Department of Systems Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Ghaffari
- Department of Systems Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Dilin Liu
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Paul A Haynes
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Matthew J McKay
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.,Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Mehdi Mirzaei
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.,Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Ghasem Hosseini Salekdeh
- Department of Systems Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.,Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
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Peinado-Guevara LI, López-Meyer M, López-Valenzuela JA, Maldonado-Mendoza IE, Galindo-Flores H, Campista-León S, Medina-Godoy S. Comparative proteomic analysis of leaf tissue from tomato plants colonized with Rhizophagus irregularis. Symbiosis 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-016-0470-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Larrainzar E, Wienkoop S. A Proteomic View on the Role of Legume Symbiotic Interactions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1267. [PMID: 28769967 PMCID: PMC5513976 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Legume plants are key elements in sustainable agriculture and represent a significant source of plant-based protein for humans and animal feed worldwide. One specific feature of the family is the ability to establish nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with Rhizobium bacteria. Additionally, like most vascular flowering plants, legumes are able to form a mutualistic endosymbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. These beneficial associations can enhance the plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Understanding how symbiotic interactions influence and increase plant stress tolerance are relevant questions toward maintaining crop yield and food safety in the scope of climate change. Proteomics offers numerous tools for the identification of proteins involved in such responses, allowing the study of sub-cellular localization and turnover regulation, as well as the discovery of post-translational modifications (PTMs). The current work reviews the progress made during the last decades in the field of proteomics applied to the study of the legume-Rhizobium and -AM symbioses, and highlights their influence on the plant responses to pathogens and abiotic stresses. We further discuss future perspectives and new experimental approaches that are likely to have a significant impact on the field including peptidomics, mass spectrometric imaging, and quantitative proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estíbaliz Larrainzar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Universidad Pública de NavarraPamplona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Estíbaliz Larrainzar
| | - Stefanie Wienkoop
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of ViennaVienna, Austria
- Stefanie Wienkoop
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Evangelisti E, Rey T, Schornack S. Cross-interference of plant development and plant-microbe interactions. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 20:118-26. [PMID: 24922556 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2014.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plant roots are host to a multitude of filamentous microorganisms. Among these, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi provide benefits to plants, while pathogens trigger diseases resulting in significant crop yield losses. It is therefore imperative to study processes which allow plants to discriminate detrimental and beneficial interactions in order to protect crops from diseases while retaining the ability for sustainable bio-fertilisation strategies. Accumulating evidence suggests that some symbiosis processes also affect plant-pathogen interactions. A large part of this overlap likely constitutes plant developmental processes. Moreover, microbes utilise effector proteins to interfere with plant development. Here we list relevant recent findings on how plant-microbe interactions intersect with plant development and highlight future research leads.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Rey
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK
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Recorbet G, Abdallah C, Renaut J, Wipf D, Dumas-Gaudot E. Protein actors sustaining arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis: underground artists break the silence. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2013; 199:26-40. [PMID: 23638913 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The roots of most land plants can enter a relationship with soil-borne fungi belonging to the phylum Glomeromycota. This symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi belongs to the so-called biotrophic interactions, involving the intracellular accommodation of a microorganism by a living plant cell without causing the death of the host. Although profiling technologies have generated an increasing depository of plant and fungal proteins eligible for sustaining AM accommodation and functioning, a bottleneck exists for their functional analysis as these experiments are difficult to carry out with mycorrhiza. Nonetheless, the expansion of gene-to-phenotype reverse genetic tools, including RNA interference and transposon silencing, have recently succeeded in elucidating some of the plant-related protein candidates. Likewise, despite the ongoing absence of transformation tools for AM fungi, host-induced gene silencing has allowed knockdown of fungal gene expression in planta for the first time, thus unlocking a technological limitation in deciphering the functional pertinence of glomeromycotan proteins during mycorrhizal establishment. This review is thus intended to draw a picture of our current knowledge about the plant and fungal protein actors that have been demonstrated to be functionally implicated in sustaining AM symbiosis mostly on the basis of silencing approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghislaine Recorbet
- UMR Agroécologie INRA 1347/Agrosup, Université de Bourgogne, Pôle Interactions Plantes Microorganismes ERL 6300 CNRS, BP 86510, 21065, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Cosette Abdallah
- UMR Agroécologie INRA 1347/Agrosup, Université de Bourgogne, Pôle Interactions Plantes Microorganismes ERL 6300 CNRS, BP 86510, 21065, Dijon Cedex, France
- Environmental and Agro-Biotechnologies Department, Centre de Recherche Public- Gabriel Lippmann, 41, rue du Brill, Belvaux, L-4422, Luxembourg
| | - Jenny Renaut
- Environmental and Agro-Biotechnologies Department, Centre de Recherche Public- Gabriel Lippmann, 41, rue du Brill, Belvaux, L-4422, Luxembourg
| | - Daniel Wipf
- UMR Agroécologie INRA 1347/Agrosup, Université de Bourgogne, Pôle Interactions Plantes Microorganismes ERL 6300 CNRS, BP 86510, 21065, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Eliane Dumas-Gaudot
- UMR Agroécologie INRA 1347/Agrosup, Université de Bourgogne, Pôle Interactions Plantes Microorganismes ERL 6300 CNRS, BP 86510, 21065, Dijon Cedex, France
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Schaarschmidt S, Gresshoff PM, Hause B. Analyzing the soybean transcriptome during autoregulation of mycorrhization identifies the transcription factors GmNF-YA1a/b as positive regulators of arbuscular mycorrhization. Genome Biol 2013; 14:R62. [PMID: 23777981 PMCID: PMC3706930 DOI: 10.1186/gb-2013-14-6-r62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Similarly to the legume-rhizobia symbiosis, the arbuscular mycorrhiza interaction is controlled by autoregulation representing a feedback inhibition involving the CLAVATA1-like receptor kinase NARK in shoots. However, little is known about signals and targets down-stream of NARK. To find NARK-related transcriptional changes in mycorrhizal soybean (Glycine max) plants, we analyzed wild-type and two nark mutant lines interacting with the arbuscular mycorrhiza fungus Rhizophagus irregularis. RESULTS Affymetrix GeneChip analysis of non-inoculated and partially inoculated plants in a split-root system identified genes with potential regulation by arbuscular mycorrhiza or NARK. Most transcriptional changes occur locally during arbuscular mycorrhiza symbiosis and independently of NARK. RT-qPCR analysis verified nine genes as NARK-dependently regulated. Most of them have lower expression in roots or shoots of wild type compared to nark mutants, including genes encoding the receptor kinase GmSIK1, proteins with putative function as ornithine acetyl transferase, and a DEAD box RNA helicase. A predicted annexin named GmAnnx1a is differentially regulated by NARK and arbuscular mycorrhiza in distinct plant organs. Two putative CCAAT-binding transcription factor genes named GmNF-YA1a and GmNF-YA1b are down-regulated NARK-dependently in non-infected roots of mycorrhizal wild-type plants and functional gene analysis confirmed a positive role for these genes in the development of an arbuscular mycorrhiza symbiosis. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate GmNF-YA1a/b as positive regulators in arbuscular mycorrhiza establishment, whose expression is down-regulated by NARK in the autoregulated root tissue thereby diminishing subsequent infections. Genes regulated independently of arbuscular mycorrhization by NARK support an additional function of NARK in symbioses-independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Schaarschmidt
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Faculty of Agriculture and Horticulture, Division Urban Plant Ecophysiology, Lentzeallee 55-57, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter M Gresshoff
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Integrative Legume Research (CILR), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Bettina Hause
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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Hogekamp C, Küster H. A roadmap of cell-type specific gene expression during sequential stages of the arbuscular mycorrhiza symbiosis. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:306. [PMID: 23647797 PMCID: PMC3667144 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND About 80% of today's land plants are able to establish an arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis with Glomeromycota fungi to improve their access to nutrients and water in the soil. On the molecular level, the development of AM symbioses is only partly understood, due to the asynchronous development of the microsymbionts in the host roots. Although many genes specifically activated during fungal colonization have been identified, genome-wide information on the exact place and time point of their activation remains limited. RESULTS In this study, we relied on a combination of laser-microdissection and the use of Medicago GeneChips to perform a genome-wide analysis of transcription patterns in defined cell-types of Medicago truncatula roots mycorrhized with Glomus intraradices. To cover major stages of AM development, we harvested cells at 5-6 and at 21 days post inoculation (dpi). Early developmental stages of the AM symbiosis were analysed by monitoring gene expression in appressorial and non-appressorial areas from roots harbouring infection units at 5-6 dpi. Here, the use of laser-microdissection for the first time enabled the targeted harvest of those sites, where fungal hyphae first penetrate the root. Circumventing contamination with developing arbuscules, we were able to specifically detect gene expression related to early infection events. To cover the late stages of AM formation, we studied arbusculated cells, cortical cells colonized by intraradical hyphae, and epidermal cells from mature mycorrhizal roots at 21 dpi. Taken together, the cell-specific expression patterns of 18014 genes were revealed, including 1392 genes whose transcription was influenced by mycorrhizal colonization at different stages, namely the pre-contact phase, the infection of roots via fungal appressoria, the subsequent colonization of the cortex by fungal hyphae, and finally the formation of arbuscules. Our cellular expression patterns identified distinct groups of AM-activated genes governing the sequential reprogramming of host roots towards an accommodation of microsymbionts, including 42 AM-activated transcription factor genes. CONCLUSIONS Our genome-wide analysis provides novel information on the cell-specific activity of AM-activated genes during both early and late stages of AM development, together revealing the road map of fine-tuned adjustments of transcript accumulation within root tissues during AM fungal colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Hogekamp
- Institut für Pflanzengenetik, Abteilung IV - Pflanzengenomforschung, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, Hannover, 30419, Germany
| | - Helge Küster
- Institut für Pflanzengenetik, Abteilung IV - Pflanzengenomforschung, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, Hannover, 30419, Germany
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Jayaraman D, Forshey KL, Grimsrud PA, Ané JM. Leveraging proteomics to understand plant-microbe interactions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2012; 3:44. [PMID: 22645586 PMCID: PMC3355735 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2012.00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the interactions of plants with beneficial and pathogenic microbes is a promising avenue to improve crop productivity and agriculture sustainability. Proteomic techniques provide a unique angle to describe these intricate interactions and test hypotheses. The various approaches for proteomic analysis generally include protein/peptide separation and identification, but can also provide quantification and the characterization of post-translational modifications. In this review, we discuss how these techniques have been applied to the study of plant-microbe interactions. We also present some areas where this field of study would benefit from the utilization of newly developed methods that overcome previous limitations. Finally, we reinforce the need for expanding, integrating, and curating protein databases, as well as the benefits of combining protein-level datasets with those from genetic analyses and other high-throughput large-scale approaches for a systems-level view of plant-microbe interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kari L. Forshey
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin MadisonMadison, WI, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Wisconsin MadisonMadison, WI, USA
| | - Paul A. Grimsrud
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin MadisonMadison, WI, USA
| | - Jean-Michel Ané
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin MadisonMadison, WI, USA
- *Correspondence: Jean-Michel Ané, Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin Madison, 1575 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA. e-mail:
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Aloui A, Recorbet G, Robert F, Schoefs B, Bertrand M, Henry C, Gianinazzi-Pearson V, Dumas-Gaudot E, Aschi-Smiti S. Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis elicits shoot proteome changes that are modified during cadmium stress alleviation in Medicago truncatula. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2011; 11:75. [PMID: 21545723 PMCID: PMC3112074 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-11-75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2010] [Accepted: 05/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, which engage a mutualistic symbiosis with the roots of most plant species, have received much attention for their ability to alleviate heavy metal stress in plants, including cadmium (Cd). While the molecular bases of Cd tolerance displayed by mycorrhizal plants have been extensively analysed in roots, very little is known regarding the mechanisms by which legume aboveground organs can escape metal toxicity upon AM symbiosis. As a model system to address this question, we used Glomus irregulare-colonised Medicago truncatula plants, which were previously shown to accumulate and tolerate heavy metal in their shoots when grown in a substrate spiked with 2 mg Cd kg(-1). RESULTS The measurement of three indicators for metal phytoextraction showed that shoots of mycorrhizal M. truncatula plants have a capacity for extracting Cd that is not related to an increase in root-to-shoot translocation rate, but to a high level of allocation plasticity. When analysing the photosynthetic performance in metal-treated mycorrhizal plants relative to those only Cd-supplied, it turned out that the presence of G. irregulare partially alleviated the negative effects of Cd on photosynthesis. To test the mechanisms by which shoots of Cd-treated mycorrhizal plants avoid metal toxicity, we performed a 2-DE/MALDI/TOF-based comparative proteomic analysis of the M. truncatula shoot responses upon mycorrhization and Cd exposure. Whereas the metal-responsive shoot proteins currently identified in non-mycorrhizal M. truncatula indicated that Cd impaired CO2 assimilation, the mycorrhiza-responsive shoot proteome was characterised by an increase in photosynthesis-related proteins coupled to a reduction in glugoneogenesis/glycolysis and antioxidant processes. By contrast, Cd was found to trigger the opposite response coupled the up-accumulation of molecular chaperones in shoot of mycorrhizal plants relative to those metal-free. CONCLUSION Besides drawing a first picture of shoot proteome modifications upon AM symbiosis and/or heavy metal stress in legume plants, the current work argues for allocation plasticity as the main driving force for Cd extraction in aboveground tissues of M. truncatula upon mycorrhization. Additionally, according to the retrieved proteomic data, we propose that shoots of mycorrhizal legume plants escape Cd toxicity through a metabolic shift implying the glycolysis-mediated mobilization of defence mechanisms at the expense of the photosynthesis-dependent symbiotic sucrose sink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achref Aloui
- UMR INRA 1088/CNRS 5184/UB. Plante-Microbe-Environnement. INRA-CMSE. BP 86510. 21065 Dijon Cedex, France
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Campus universitaire, 1060 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ghislaine Recorbet
- UMR INRA 1088/CNRS 5184/UB. Plante-Microbe-Environnement. INRA-CMSE. BP 86510. 21065 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Franck Robert
- UMR INRA 1088/CNRS 5184/UB. Plante-Microbe-Environnement. INRA-CMSE. BP 86510. 21065 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Benoît Schoefs
- UMR INRA 1088/CNRS 5184/UB. Plante-Microbe-Environnement. INRA-CMSE. BP 86510. 21065 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Martine Bertrand
- Microorganismes, Metaux et Toxicité, Institut National des Sciences et Techniques de la Mer, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, BP 324, 50103 Cherbourg-Octeville Cedex, France
| | - Céline Henry
- Unité de Biochimie Bactérienne, PAPPSO, batiment 526, Domaine de Vilvert 78352, Jouy en Josas Cedex, France
| | | | - Eliane Dumas-Gaudot
- UMR INRA 1088/CNRS 5184/UB. Plante-Microbe-Environnement. INRA-CMSE. BP 86510. 21065 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Samira Aschi-Smiti
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Campus universitaire, 1060 Tunis, Tunisia
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Staehelin C, Xie ZP, Illana A, Vierheilig H. Long-distance transport of signals during symbiosis: are nodule formation and mycorrhization autoregulated in a similar way? PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2011; 6:372-7. [PMID: 21455020 PMCID: PMC3142418 DOI: 10.4161/psb.6.3.13881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2010] [Accepted: 10/07/2010] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Legumes enter nodule symbioses with nitrogen-fixing bacteria (rhizobia), whereas most flowering plants establish symbiotic associations with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Once first steps of symbiosis are initiated, nodule formation and mycorrhization in legumes is negatively controlled by a shoot-derived inhibitor (SDI), a phenomenon termed autoregulation. According to current views, autoregulation of nodulation and mycorrhization in legumes is regulated in a similar way. CLE peptides induced in response to rhizobial nodulation signals (Nod factors) have been proposed to represent the ascending long-distance signals to the shoot. Although not proven yet, these CLE peptides are likely perceived by leucine-rich repeat (LRR) autoregulation receptor kinases in the shoot. Autoregulation of mycorrhization in non-legumes is reminiscent to the phenomenon of "systemic acquired resistance" in plant-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Staehelin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol; School of Life Sciences; Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University (East Campus); Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Ping Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol; School of Life Sciences; Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University (East Campus); Guangzhou, China
| | - Antonio Illana
- Departamento de Microbiología de Suelos; Estación Experimental del Zaidín; CSIC; Granada, Spain
| | - Horst Vierheilig
- Departamento de Microbiología de Suelos; Estación Experimental del Zaidín; CSIC; Granada, Spain
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Colditz F, Braun HP. Medicago truncatula proteomics. J Proteomics 2010; 73:1974-85. [PMID: 20621211 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2010.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2010] [Revised: 06/28/2010] [Accepted: 07/02/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Legumes (Fabaceae) are unique in their ability to enter into an elaborate symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing rhizobial bacteria. Rhizobia-legume (RL) symbiosis represents one of the most productive nitrogen-fixing systems and effectively renders the host plants to be more or less independent of other nitrogen sources. Due to high protein content, legumes are among the most economically important crop families. Beyond that, legumes consist of over 16,000 species assigned to 650 genera. In most cases, the genomes of legumes are large and polyploid, which originally did not predestine these plants as genetic model systems. It was not until the early 1990 th that Medicago truncatula was selected as the model plant for studying Fabaceae biology. M. truncatula is closely related to many economically important legumes and therefore its investigation is of high relevance for agriculture. Recently, quite a number of studies were published focussing on in depth characterizations of the M. truncatula proteome. The present review aims to summarize these studies, especially those which focus on the root system and its dynamic changes induced upon symbiotic or pathogenic interactions with microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Colditz
- Leibniz University of Hannover, Institute for Plant Genetics, Dept. III, Plant Molecular Biology, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, D-30419 Hannover, Germany.
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14
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Recorbet G, Valot B, Robert F, Gianinazzi-Pearson V, Dumas-Gaudot E. Identification of in planta-expressed arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal proteins upon comparison of the root proteomes of Medicago truncatula colonised with two Glomus species. Fungal Genet Biol 2010; 47:608-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2010.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2010] [Revised: 02/26/2010] [Accepted: 03/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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15
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Daher Z, Recorbet G, Valot B, Robert F, Balliau T, Potin S, Schoefs B, Dumas-Gaudot E. Proteomic analysis of Medicago truncatula root plastids. Proteomics 2010; 10:2123-37. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200900345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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16
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Dermatsev V, Weingarten-Baror C, Resnick N, Gadkar V, Wininger S, Kolotilin I, Mayzlish-Gati E, Zilberstein A, Koltai H, Kapulnik Y. Microarray analysis and functional tests suggest the involvement of expansins in the early stages of symbiosis of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2010; 11:121-35. [PMID: 20078781 PMCID: PMC6640415 DOI: 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2009.00581.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis occurs between fungi of the phylum Glomeromycota and most terrestrial plants. However, little is known about the molecular symbiotic signalling between AM fungi (AMFs) and non-leguminous plant species. We sought to further elucidate the molecular events occurring in tomato, a non-leguminous host plant, during the early, pre-symbiotic stage of AM symbiosis, i.e. immediately before and after contact between the AMF (Glomus intraradices) and the host. We adopted a semi-synchronized AMF root infection protocol, followed by genomic-scale, microarray-based, gene expression profiling at several defined time points during pre-symbiotic AM stages. The microarray results suggested differences in the number of differentially expressed genes and in the differential regulation of several functional groups of genes at the different time points examined. The microarray results were validated and one of the genes induced during contact between AMF and tomato, the expansin-like EXLB1, was functionally analysed. Expansins, encoded by a large multigene family, facilitate plant cell expansion. However, no biological or biochemical function has yet been established for plant-originated expansin-like proteins. EXLB1 transcripts were localized early during the association to cells that may perceive the fungal signal, and later during the association in close proximity to sites of AMF hypha-root colonization. Moreover, in transgenic roots, we demonstrated that a reduction in the steady-state level of EXLB1 transcript was correlated with a reduced rate of infection, reduced arbuscule expansion and reduced AMF spore formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Dermatsev
- Department of Agronomy and Natural Resources, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, PO Box 6, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
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17
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Hata S, Kobae Y, Banba M. Interactions Between Plants and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2010; 281:1-48. [DOI: 10.1016/s1937-6448(10)81001-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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18
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Mathesius U. Comparative proteomic studies of root–microbe interactions. J Proteomics 2009; 72:353-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2008.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2008] [Revised: 12/11/2008] [Accepted: 12/12/2008] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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19
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Ané JM, Zhu H, Frugoli J. Recent Advances in Medicago truncatula Genomics. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT GENOMICS 2008; 2008:256597. [PMID: 18288239 PMCID: PMC2216067 DOI: 10.1155/2008/256597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2007] [Accepted: 09/14/2007] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Legume rotation has allowed a consistent increase in crop yield and consequently in human population since the antiquity. Legumes will also be instrumental in our ability to maintain the sustainability of our agriculture while facing the challenges of increasing food and biofuel demand. Medicago truncatula and Lotus japonicus have emerged during the last decade as two major model systems for legume biology. Initially developed to dissect plant-microbe symbiotic interactions and especially legume nodulation, these two models are now widely used in a variety of biological fields from plant physiology and development to population genetics and structural genomics. This review highlights the genetic and genomic tools available to the M. truncatula community. Comparative genomic approaches to transfer biological information between model systems and legume crops are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Michel Ané
- Department of Agronomy,
University of Wisconsin,
Madison, WI 53706,
USA
| | - Hongyan Zhu
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences,
University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546,
USA
| | - Julia Frugoli
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry,
Clemson University,
100 Jordan Hall,
Clemson, SC 29634,
USA
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Abstract
This 2006 'Plant Proteomics Update' is a continuation of the two previously published in 'Proteomics' by 2004 (Canovas et al., Proteomics 2004, 4, 285-298) and 2006 (Rossignol et al., Proteomics 2006, 6, 5529-5548) and it aims to bring up-to-date the contribution of proteomics to plant biology on the basis of the original research papers published throughout 2006, with references to those appearing last year. According to the published papers and topics addressed, we can conclude that, as observed for the three previous years, there has been a quantitative, but not qualitative leap in plant proteomics. The full potential of proteomics is far from being exploited in plant biology research, especially if compared to other organisms, mainly yeast and humans, and a number of challenges, mainly technological, remain to be tackled. The original papers published last year numbered nearly 100 and deal with the proteome of at least 26 plant species, with a high percentage for Arabidopsis thaliana (28) and rice (11). Scientific objectives ranged from proteomic analysis of organs/tissues/cell suspensions (57) or subcellular fractions (29), to the study of plant development (12), the effect of hormones and signalling molecules (8) and response to symbionts (4) and stresses (27). A small number of contributions have covered PTMs (8) and protein interactions (4). 2-DE (specifically IEF-SDS-PAGE) coupled to MS still constitutes the almost unique platform utilized in plant proteome analysis. The application of gel-free protein separation methods and 'second generation' proteomic techniques such as multidimensional protein identification technology (MudPIT), and those for quantitative proteomics including DIGE, isotope-coded affinity tags (ICAT), iTRAQ and stable isotope labelling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) still remains anecdotal. This review is divided into seven sections: Introduction, Methodology, Subcellular proteomes, Development, Responses to biotic and abiotic stresses, PTMs and Protein interactions. Section 8 summarizes the major pitfalls and challenges of plant proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús V Jorrín
- Agricultural and Plant Biochemistry Research Group-Plant Proteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.
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Siciliano V, Genre A, Balestrini R, Cappellazzo G, deWit PJGM, Bonfante P. Transcriptome analysis of arbuscular mycorrhizal roots during development of the prepenetration apparatus. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2007; 144:1455-66. [PMID: 17468219 PMCID: PMC1914140 DOI: 10.1104/pp.107.097980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2007] [Accepted: 04/13/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Information on changes in the plant transcriptome during early interaction with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi is still limited since infections are usually not synchronized and plant markers for early stages of colonization are not yet available. A prepenetration apparatus (PPA), organized in epidermal cells during appressorium development, has been reported to be responsible for assembling a trans-cellular tunnel to accommodate the invading fungus. Here, we used PPAs as markers for cell responsiveness to fungal contact to investigate gene expression at this early stage of infection with minimal transcript dilution. PPAs were identified by confocal microscopy in transformed roots of Medicago truncatula expressing green fluorescent protein-HDEL, colonized by the AM fungus Gigaspora margarita. A PPA-targeted suppressive-subtractive cDNA library was built, the cDNAs were cloned and sequenced, and, consequently, 107 putative interaction-specific genes were identified. The expression of a subset of 15 genes, selected by reverse northern dot blot screening, and five additional genes, potentially involved in PPA formation, was analyzed by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and compared with an infection stage, 48 h after the onset of the PPA. Comparison of the expression profile of G. margarita-inoculated wild type and the mycorrhiza-defective dmi3-1 mutant of M. truncatula revealed that an expansin-like gene, expressed in wild-type epidermis during PPA development, can be regarded as an early host marker for successful mycorrhization. A putative Avr9/Cf-9 rapidly elicited gene, found to be up-regulated in the mutant, suggests novel regulatory roles for the DMI3 protein in the early mycorrhization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Siciliano
- Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale, Università di Torino and Istituto Protezione Piante-CNR, Torino, Italy
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van Noorden GE, Kerim T, Goffard N, Wiblin R, Pellerone FI, Rolfe BG, Mathesius U. Overlap of proteome changes in Medicago truncatula in response to auxin and Sinorhizobium meliloti. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2007; 144:1115-31. [PMID: 17468210 PMCID: PMC1914185 DOI: 10.1104/pp.107.099978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2007] [Accepted: 04/13/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We used proteome analysis to identify proteins induced during nodule initiation and in response to auxin in Medicago truncatula. From previous experiments, which found a positive correlation between auxin levels and nodule numbers in the M. truncatula supernodulation mutant sunn (supernumerary nodules), we hypothesized (1) that auxin mediates protein changes during nodulation and (2) that auxin responses might differ between the wild type and the supernodulating sunn mutant during nodule initiation. Increased expression of the auxin response gene GH3:beta-glucuronidase was found during nodule initiation in M. truncatula, similar to treatment of roots with auxin. We then used difference gel electrophoresis and tandem mass spectrometry to compare proteomes of wild-type and sunn mutant roots after 24 h of treatment with Sinorhizobium meliloti, auxin, or a control. We identified 131 of 270 proteins responding to treatment with S. meliloti and/or auxin, and 39 of 89 proteins differentially displayed between the wild type and sunn. The majority of proteins changed similarly in response to auxin and S. meliloti after 24 h in both genotypes, supporting hypothesis 1. Proteins differentially accumulated between untreated wild-type and sunn roots also showed changes in auxin response, consistent with altered auxin levels in sunn. However, differences between the genotypes after S. meliloti inoculation were largely not due to differential auxin responses. The role of the identified candidate proteins in nodule initiation and the requirement for their induction by auxin could be tested in future functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giel E van Noorden
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Integrative Legume Research , Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
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