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Ganesan S, Kumari N, Sahu S, Pattanaik M, Kishore K. Identification of Lasiodiplodia species inciting stem rot of dragon fruit in India through polyphasic approach. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:333. [PMID: 37681113 PMCID: PMC10480115 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03754-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Lasiodiplodia species commonly thrive as endophytes, saprobes, and plant pathogens in tropical and subtropical regions. Association of Lasiodiplodia species causing stem rot in dragon fruit in the coastal belt of Odisha, eastern India, has been illustrated here. The stem rot disease was characterized by yellowing of the stem, followed by softening of the stem tissues with fungal fructifications of the pathogen in the affected tissues. On the basis of macro- and micromorphological characteristics, the four fungal isolates recovered from diseased stems were identified initially as Lasiodiplodia species. By comparing DNA sequences within the NCBI GenBank database as well as performing a multigene phylogenetic analysis involving the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS-rDNA), β-tubulin (β-tub), and elongation factor-alpha (EF1-α) genes, the identity of Lasiodiplodia isolates was determined. The isolate CHES-21-DFCA was identified as Lasiodiplodia iraniensis (syn: L. iranensis) and the remaining three isolates, namely CHES-22-DFCA-1, CHES-22-DFCA-2, and CHES-22-DFCA-3, as L. theobromae. Although pathogenicity studies confirmed both L. iraniensis and L. theobromae were responsible for stem rot in dragon fruit, L. iraniensis was more virulent than L. theobromae. This study established the association of Lasiodiplodia species with stem rot in dragon fruit using a polyphasic approach. Further investigations are required, particularly related to on host-pathogen-weather interaction and spatiotemporal distribution across the major dragon fruit-growing areas of the country to formulate prospective disease management strategies. This is the first report on these two species of Lasiodiplodia inflicting stem rot in Hylocereus species in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeetha Ganesan
- ICAR-IIHR-Central Horticultural Experiment Station, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751019 India
- ICAR-IIHR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore, Karnataka 560089 India
| | - Nidhi Kumari
- ICAR-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226101 India
| | - Supriya Sahu
- ICAR-IIHR-Central Horticultural Experiment Station, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751019 India
| | - Madhuri Pattanaik
- ICAR-IIHR-Central Horticultural Experiment Station, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751019 India
| | - Kundan Kishore
- ICAR-IIHR-Central Horticultural Experiment Station, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751019 India
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Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Gonthier P, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Civera AV, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Migheli Q, Vloutoglou I, Maiorano A, Streissl F, Reignault PL. Pest categorisation of Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae. EFSA J 2023; 21:e07737. [PMID: 36733438 PMCID: PMC9885757 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.7737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The EFSA Plant Health Panel performed a pest categorisation of Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae, a clearly defined fungus of the family Botryosphaeriaceae, which was first described in 2008 as a cryptic species within the L. theobromae complex. The pathogen affects a wide range of woody perennial crops and ornamental plants causing root rot, damping-off, leaf spots, twig blight, cankers, stem-end rot, gummosis, branch dieback and pre- and post-harvest fruit rots. Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae is present in Africa, Asia, North and South America and Oceania and has also been reported from Spain with a restricted distribution. However, there is uncertainty on the status of the pathogen worldwide and in the EU because in the past, when molecular tools (particularly multigene phylogenetic analysis) were not available, the pathogen might have been misidentified as L. theobromae. Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae is not included in Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/2072 and there are no interceptions in the EU. Because of the very wide host range of the pathogen, this pest categorisation focused on those hosts for which there is robust evidence that the pathogen was formally identified by a combination of morphology, pathogenicity and multilocus sequence analysis. Plants for planting, including seeds, fresh fruits and bark and wood of host plants as well as soil and other plant-growing media are the main pathways for the further entry of the pathogen into the EU. Host availability and climate suitability factors occurring in parts of the EU are favourable for the further establishment of the pathogen. In the area of its present distribution, including Spain, the pathogen has a direct impact on cultivated hosts. multilocus measures are available to prevent the further introduction and spread of the pathogen into the EU. Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae satisfies the criteria that are within the remit of EFSA to assess for this species to be regarded as potential Union quarantine pest.
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Jibrin MO, Liu Q, Huang Y, Urbina H, Gazis R, Zhang S. Lasiodiplodia iraniensis, a New Causal Agent of Tuber Rot on Yam ( Dioscorea Species) Imported into the United States and Implications for Quarantine Decisions. PLANT DISEASE 2022; 106:3027-3032. [PMID: 35668059 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-21-2421-sc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
One negative consequence of international trade of agricultural commodities is the inadvertent global spread of crop diseases. Yam (Dioscorea spp.) is a staple food crop in many countries and is traded globally. Most of the commercially traded yams in the United States are imported. In late 2020, samples of yam tubers from a commercial facility were submitted to the plant diagnostic clinic at the UF/IFAS Tropical Research and Education Center in Homestead, Florida. Samples showed rotten symptoms and were drawn from lots that were marked to be destroyed because the source of the rotting symptoms was unknown. Preliminary isolation showed that a fungus was consistently associated with the symptoms and was confirmed in the subsequent pathogenicity test as the causal agent. The fungus grew profusely on potato dextrose agar (PDA) with highly melanized hyphae. Matured conidia showed longitudinal striations. Based on its growth pattern and morphology, it was suspected that this fungus may be in the genus Lasiodiplodia. DNA-based identification using partial sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), β-tubulin (TUB2), 28S rDNA (LSU), and elongation factor alpha (EF1-α) genes confirmed the identity of the isolates as Lasiodiplodia iraniensis Abdollahz., Zare & A.J.L. Phillips (synonym: L. iranensis). This is the first report of L. iraniensis affecting yam and has implications for international trade. This finding will provide an important foundation for making quarantine decisions to prevent spread of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Ojonuba Jibrin
- Tropical Research and Education Center, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, IFAS, Homestead, FL 33031
| | - Qingchun Liu
- Tropical Research and Education Center, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, IFAS, Homestead, FL 33031
| | - Yi Huang
- Tropical Research and Education Center, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, IFAS, Homestead, FL 33031
| | - Hector Urbina
- Section of Plant Pathology, Division of Plant Industry, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Gainesville, FL 32608
| | - Romina Gazis
- Tropical Research and Education Center, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, IFAS, Homestead, FL 33031
| | - Shouan Zhang
- Tropical Research and Education Center, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, IFAS, Homestead, FL 33031
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Gnanesh BN, Arunakumar GS, Tejaswi A, Supriya M, Manojkumar HB, Devi SS. Characterization and Pathogenicity of Lasiodiplodia theobromae Causing Black Root Rot and Identification of Novel Sources of Resistance in Mulberry Collections. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 38:272-286. [PMID: 35953047 PMCID: PMC9372095 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.01.2022.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Black root rot (BRR) caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae is an alarming disease of mulberry that causes tremendous economic losses to sericulture farmers in India and China. Successful control of this disease can be attained by screening germplasm and identifying resistant sources. Seventy four diseased root samples were collected from farmer's fields belonging to four major mulberry growing states of South India. Based on morpho-cultural and scanning electron microscopy studies, 57 fungal isolates were characterized and identified as L. theobromae. Phylogenetic analysis of concatenated internal transcribed spacer and β-tubulin sequences revealed variation of the representative 20 isolates of L. theobromae. Following the root dip method of inoculation, pathogenicity studies on susceptible mulberry genotypes (Victory-1 and Thailand male) recognized the virulent isolate MRR-142. Accordingly, MRR-142 isolate was used to evaluate resistance on a set of 45 diverse mulberry accessions. In the repeated experiments, the mulberry accession ME-0168 which is an Indonesian origin belonging to Morus latifolia was found to be highly resistant consistently against BRR. Eight accessions (G2, ME-0006, ME-0011, ME-0093, MI-0006, MI-0291, MI-0489, and MI-0501) were found to be resistant. These promising resistant resources may be exploited in mulberry breeding for developing BRR resistant varieties and to develop mapping populations which successively helps in the identification of molecular markers associated with BRR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belaghihalli N. Gnanesh
- Molecular Biology Laboratory-1, Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysuru 570 008, Karnataka,
India
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sampurna International Institute of Agri Science & Horticultural Technology, Mandya 571 433, Karnataka,
India
| | - Gondi S. Arunakumar
- Molecular Biology Laboratory-1, Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysuru 570 008, Karnataka,
India
| | - Avuthu Tejaswi
- Molecular Biology Laboratory-1, Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysuru 570 008, Karnataka,
India
| | - M. Supriya
- Molecular Biology Laboratory-1, Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysuru 570 008, Karnataka,
India
| | - Haniyambadi B. Manojkumar
- Molecular Biology Laboratory-1, Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysuru 570 008, Karnataka,
India
| | - Suvala Shalini Devi
- Department of Microbiology, Bhavan’s Vivekananda College of Science, Humanities and Commerce, Secunderabad 500 094, Telangana,
India
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El Komy MH, Ibrahim YE, Al-Saleh MA. First report of Lasiodiplodia theobromae Causing Dieback, a Destructive Disease on Mango trees in Saudi Arabia. PLANT DISEASE 2022; 107:563. [PMID: 35787007 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-04-22-0812-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is a popular tropical fruit crop in Saudi Arabia. However, susceptibility to diseases is a major factor that restrict the development of mango trees, reducing the yield and production (Ploetz, 2003). In December 2021, a survey was conducted for mango trees which were showing symptoms of decline in the field located in the district Al-Jumum of Makkah Province, in western Saudi Arabia (21°46'18.9"N 39°35'21.2"E). The disease severity was approximately 40% with 15% incidence of mango trees showing symptoms of twig dieback, leaf necrosis, leaf fall, and internal tissue necrosis as well as darkening within the vascular tissue upon splitting the infected branches. As the disease progressed, the affected branches were turned black-brown and dried up (Supplementary Figure S1). To isolate the pathogen, 20 symptomatic branches were arbitrarily sampled from different parts of the field and washed with tap water. Diseased branches were cut into 4 × 4 mm portions (between symptomatic and healthy tissues), submersed in 70% alcohol for 20 s, surface sterilized with 1% sodium hypochlorite solution for 3 min, rinsed with sterile distilled water, and cultured on potato dextrose plates (PDA). The plates were incubated at 25°C in darkness for 3-4 days, and then pure culture of the fungus was obtained by hyphal tip isolation technique. After 3 days of culturing at 25°C on PDA medium, the fungal colonies were grayish-white with uneven edges, and becoming dark grey to black colored after 5 days. After 21 days at 25 ℃ in constant light, the colonies produced dense aerial mycelium at which stage numerous dark colored pycnidia were formed and conidia were observed. Immature conidia were unicellular, hyaline, elliptical or ovate, and truncated at the base, becoming dark brown, thick-walled, one-septate, and longitudinal striation at maturity. Mature conidia measured 22.4±1.6 to 28.7±2.8 μm long and 12.8±1.3 to 15.6±2.4 μm width (n=40). The morphological characteristics of the colonies were consistent with to Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griff. & Maubl. (syn. Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat.) (Zambettakis, 1954; Sutton, 1980). Fifteen isolates were obtained, and a single representative isolate (LPT07-KSU) was used for further study. To further confirm the pathogen identification, genomic DNA was extracted from a single-spore culture using the DNeasy Plant Mini kit (QIAGEN, Hilden, Germany). The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and translation elongation factor 1-α, (tef1-α) were PCR amplification and sequencing with the following primers: ITS4 and ITS5 (White et al. 1990); and EF-1 and EF-2 (O'Donnell et al. 2008), respectively. The resulting ITS, and TEF1-α, sequences were submitted in GenBank under accession numbers ON192029, and ON209443, respectively. BLASTn analysis of these genes revealed ≥99% identity with the corresponding sequences of L. theobromae in GenBank (MH644067 for ITS region and MZ502303 for tef1-α gene). The result of phylogenetic analysis also showed that the pathogen was identified as L. theobromae, confirming the morphological identification. A pathogenicity assay was carried out on healthy 1-year-old mango cv. "Haden" seedlings. Infection followed the method of Saeed et al., (2017), consisting of excising a 5-mm-diameter tissue bark out of branches (~ 10 to 15-cm of the apical tip) and replacing it with a 5 mm PDA plugs colonized with L. theobromae from 20-days-old-culture or non-colonized plugs (controls). The area of inoculation was covered with parafilm to avoid dehydration. All seedlings were kept under greenhouse conditions (27°C, 16/8-h day/night, 70% RH) and monitored for disease development. Five replicates were used for inoculated and control plants. After 28 days, all inoculated plants displayed similar symptoms to those observed in the field, whereas control plants remained symptomless. Koch's postulates were fulfilled when typical colonies of L. theobromae were successfully re-isolated from the from symptomatic tissues. The test was repeated twice. This pathogen was reported to affect mango cultivation in China (Li et al., 2013), United Arab Emirates (Saeed et al., 2017), and Mexico (Bautista-Cruz et al., 2019). However, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of L. theobromae causing dieback disease on mango in Saudi Arabia. The occurrence of manage dieback highlights the importance of disease surveillance in the region. Effective control strategies are need to be established to reduce the losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud H El Komy
- King Saud University, Plant Protection, Plant Protection Department College of Food and Agricultural Sciences King Saud University, Riyadh, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Riyadh 11451;
| | - Yasser Eid Ibrahim
- King Saud University, Plant Protection, Saudi Arabia - Riyadh, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 11451-Box 2460;
| | - Mohammed Ali Al-Saleh
- King Saud University, Plant Protection Departement, Saudi Arabia, Riyadh, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 11451;
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Lasiodiplodia theobromae as a causal pathogen of leaf blight, stem canker, and pod rot of Theobroma cacao in Malaysia. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8966. [PMID: 35624295 PMCID: PMC9142511 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13057-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Symptoms of leaf blight, stem canker, and pod rot were observed on T. cacao during a series of samplings conducted in several states of Malaysia from September 2018 to March 2019. The identity of the pathogen that was responsible for the diseases was determined using morphological characteristics, DNA sequences, and phylogenetic analyses of multiple genes, namely, internal transcribed spacer (ITS), elongation translation factor 1-alpha (tef1-α), β-tubulin (tub2), and RNA polymerase subunit II (rpb2). A total of 57 isolates recovered from diseased leaves of T. cacao (13 isolates), stems (20 isolates), and pods (24 isolates) showed morphological features that resembled Lasiodiplodia sp. The identity of the isolates was further determined up to the species level by comparing DNA sequences and phylogenetic analyses of multiple genes. The phylogenetic analysis of the combined dataset of ITS, tef1-α, tub2, and rpb2 elucidated that all of the isolates obtained were Lasiodiplodia theobromae as supported by 97% bootstrap value. The results of pathogenicity tests revealed L. theobromae as the causal pathogen of leaf blight, stem canker, and pod rot of T. cacao.
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Suwannarach N, Khuna S, Kumla J, Cheewangkoon R, Suttiprapan P, Lumyong S. Morphology Characterization, Molecular Identification, and Pathogenicity of Fungal Pathogen Causing Kaffir Lime Leaf Blight in Northern Thailand. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:273. [PMID: 35161253 PMCID: PMC8838810 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Thailand is known to be the largest producer of kaffir lime leaf products in the global market. In 2021, leaf blight was found on kaffir lime plants (Citrus hystrix DC.) in Lamphun Province of northern Thailand. This disease has been associated with significant economic losses. However, there have been no prior reports of leaf blight on kaffir lime plants in Thailand or anywhere else in the world. In this study, causal fungi were isolated from lesions of kaffir lime plants and a total of three fungal isolates were obtained. All causal fungi were identified as Lasiodiplodia chinensis based on morphological characteristics and the phylogenetic analysis of combined sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of ribosomal DNA, the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef-1), β-tubulin (tub), and RNA polymerase II subunit (rbp2) genes. Pathogenicity tests were conducted and the results revealed that all isolated fungi caused symptoms of leaf blight on inoculated leaves. This outcome was similar to symptoms that naturally occur and have been observed in the field. This is the first report on kaffir lime leaf blight caused by L. chinensis. Our study will provide information of high value for the development of effective strategies for the monitoring and prevention of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nakarin Suwannarach
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.K.); (J.K.); (R.C.); (P.S.); (S.L.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Surapong Khuna
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.K.); (J.K.); (R.C.); (P.S.); (S.L.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Jaturong Kumla
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.K.); (J.K.); (R.C.); (P.S.); (S.L.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Ratchadawan Cheewangkoon
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.K.); (J.K.); (R.C.); (P.S.); (S.L.)
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Piyawan Suttiprapan
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.K.); (J.K.); (R.C.); (P.S.); (S.L.)
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Saisamorn Lumyong
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.K.); (J.K.); (R.C.); (P.S.); (S.L.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok 10300, Thailand
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Gómez OC, Moreira DMB, Luiz JHH. Medicinal potentialities and pathogenic profile of Lasiodiplodia genus. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:190. [PMID: 34632549 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03137-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Considering that current biotechnological advances have been contributing towards improving the well-being of humanity, endophytic fungi, such as Lasiodiplodia, are promising sources of new substances to be used in chemical, pharmaceutical and agrochemical processes. Bioactive secondary metabolites are examples of such substances, although it is widely known that Lasiodiplodia inflicts irreparable damage to several crops of major economic importance. They are often produced as a response against biotic and abiotic factors, thus revealing that they play different roles, such as in signaling and defense mechanisms. Therefore, this review presents a few subtle differences between pathogenicity and mutualistic endophyte-host interactions. Moreover, the main secondary metabolites produced by Lasiodiplodia endophytes have been described with respect to their relevant antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Cabezas Gómez
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Douanla-Meli C, Scharnhorst A. Palm Foliage as Pathways of Pathogenic Botryosphaeriaceae Fungi and Host of New Lasiodiplodia Species from Mexico. Pathogens 2021; 10:1297. [PMID: 34684246 PMCID: PMC8541634 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10101297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropical palm foliage is increasingly imported to satisfy the steady growing demand in European floristry. This palm foliage presumably carries along diverse fungi whose taxonomic and functional diversity have not been addressed so far. The present study investigated Botryosphaeriaceae fungi associated with the foliage of palm species Chamaedorea elegans, C. metallica, C. seifrizii, Dypsis lutescens and Lodoicea maldivica imported from Mexico. Five species were identified using combined morphological characterisation and multilocus phylogenetic analyses based on ITS, TEF-1α, TUB2 and RPB2. In addition to Endomelanconiopsis endophytica, Lasiodiplodia brasiliensis and L. euphorbicola, two new species, namely, L. lodoiceae sp. nov. and L. mexicanensis sp. nov, are proposed. Apart from E. endophytica, mostly known as endophyte, L. brasiliensis and L. euphorbicola are responsible for different rot diseases and the dieback of important tropical crop plants. In pathogenicity tests on the temperate pome fruits apple (Malus domestica) and pear (Pyrus communis), all six Botryosphaeriaceae species induced necrotic lesions at different degrees of severity, with highest the aggressiveness from L. euphorbicola and L. mexicanensis on apple and from L. mexicanensis on pear. The results indicate that tropical palm foliage can be a pathway of potentially pathogenic fungi that may give rise to concerns with regard to plant health in the destination countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clovis Douanla-Meli
- Julius Kühn Institute (JKI)—Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for National and International Plant Health, Messeweg 11-12, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Andreas Scharnhorst
- Regierungspräsidium Gießen—Dezernat 51.4, Pflanzenschutzdienst Hessen, Schanzenfeldstr. 8, 35578 Wetzlar, Germany;
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Biju CN, Jeevalatha A, Peeran MF, Bhai RS, Basima F, Nissar VAM, Srinivasan V, Thomas L. Association of Lasiodiplodia theobromae with die-back and decline of nutmeg as revealed through phenotypic, pathogenicity and phylogenetic analyses. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:422. [PMID: 34603922 PMCID: PMC8410934 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02961-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lasiodiplodia theobromae is a cosmopolitan pathogen geographically widespread in tropics and subtropics inciting economically important diseases on diverse plant genera. In the present study, Lasiodiplodia theobromae associated with nutmeg exhibiting die-back and declining symptoms was identified and characterized by adopting a polyphasic approach. The disease was characterized with the symptoms including general decline, water-soaking patches on branches and tree trunk, die-back of branches, necrotic lesions beneath water-soaked lesions and necrosis of vascular tissues. The isolates representing diverse nutmeg growing tracts were initially identified as Lasiodiplodia species based on macro- and micro-morphological characteristics. Subsequent analyses of internal transcribed spacer (ITS), partial elongation factor 1-alpha (EF1-α) and β-tubulin (β-tub) genes identified the pathogen as Lasiodiplodia theobromae. Pathogenicity studies were proved on nutmeg twigs and branches (in vitro) as well as on saplings (in vivo). The present investigation enunciated the association of Lasiodiplodia theobromae with die-back and decline of nutmeg employing a polyphasic approach which warrants further investigations on its spatio-temporal distribution, pathogen diversity, weather-host-pathogen interaction and formulating prospective disease management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. N. Biju
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Spices Research, Kozhikode, 673012 Kerala India
| | - A. Jeevalatha
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Spices Research, Kozhikode, 673012 Kerala India
| | - M. F. Peeran
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Spices Research, Kozhikode, 673012 Kerala India
| | - R. Suseela Bhai
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Spices Research, Kozhikode, 673012 Kerala India
| | - Fadla Basima
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Spices Research, Kozhikode, 673012 Kerala India
| | | | - V. Srinivasan
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Spices Research, Kozhikode, 673012 Kerala India
| | - Lijo Thomas
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Spices Research, Kozhikode, 673012 Kerala India
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Zheng Q, Ozbudak E, Liu G, Hosmani PS, Saha S, Flores-Gonzalez M, Mueller LA, Rodrigues-Stuart K, Dewdney MM, Lin Y, Zhang J, Tarazona YC, Liu B, Oliva R, Ritenour MA, Cano LM. Draft Genome Sequence Resource of the Citrus Stem-End Rot Fungal Pathogen Lasiodiplodia theobromae CITRA15. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2021; 111:761-764. [PMID: 33190608 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-08-20-0349-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lasiodiplodia theobromae is a fungal pathogen associated with perennial tropical fruit plants worldwide. In citrus, L. theobromae causes stem-end rot (Diplodia stem-end rot), a damaging postharvest disease that is aggravated when trees are also infected with the citrus greening bacteria 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus'. Due to the latent infection of L. theobromae during the preharvest stage, it becomes difficult to control the disease by chemical or physical treatment. In the current study, we sequenced and assembled strain CITRA15, the first genome of L. theobromae obtained from diseased Citrus paradise 'Flame' grapefruit in Florida, and thereby provided a genomic resource for future research on diagnostics, and postharvest and preharvest disease management of citrus and other fruit crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaolin Zheng
- University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences IFAS, Department of Plant Pathology, Indian River Research and Education Center, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, U.S.A
| | - Egem Ozbudak
- University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences IFAS, Department of Plant Pathology, Indian River Research and Education Center, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, U.S.A
| | - Guohong Liu
- University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences IFAS, Department of Plant Pathology, Indian River Research and Education Center, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, U.S.A
- Agricultural Bio-resources Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian 350003, China
| | | | - Surya Saha
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca NY 14853, U.S.A
| | | | - Lukas A Mueller
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca NY 14853, U.S.A
| | - Katia Rodrigues-Stuart
- University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences IFAS, Department of Plant Pathology, Citrus Research and Education Center, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, U.S.A
| | - Megan M Dewdney
- University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences IFAS, Department of Plant Pathology, Citrus Research and Education Center, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, U.S.A
| | - Youjian Lin
- University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences IFAS, Department of Plant Pathology, Indian River Research and Education Center, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, U.S.A
| | - Jiuxu Zhang
- University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences IFAS, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Indian River Research and Education Center, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, U.S.A
| | - Yisel Carrillo Tarazona
- University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences IFAS, Department of Plant Pathology, Indian River Research and Education Center, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, U.S.A
| | - Bo Liu
- Agricultural Bio-resources Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian 350003, China
| | - Ricardo Oliva
- International Rice Research Center IRRI, Plant Pathology, Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines
| | - Mark A Ritenour
- University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences IFAS, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Indian River Research and Education Center, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, U.S.A
| | - Liliana M Cano
- University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences IFAS, Department of Plant Pathology, Indian River Research and Education Center, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, U.S.A
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Li L, Lei M, Wang H, Yang X, Andargie M, Huang S. First Report of Dieback Caused by Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae on Ormosia pinnata in China. PLANT DISEASE 2020; 104:2551-2555. [PMID: 32804013 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-03-20-0647-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ormosia pinnata (Lour.) Merr. is an important tree used for landscape and plant recovery of barren slopes in China. During an investigation of plant disease on landscape trees in 2018, a dieback was observed on O. pinnata trees in Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China. Symptoms were characterized by initial dryness of the twigs and eventual death of the whole branch of the tree. Isolations from symptomatic branches yielded 13 isolates including two main morphotypes. Pathogenicity tests showed that isolate GDOP1 from Type I caused dieback of O. pinnata. Based on morphological characteristics and molecular analysis of the internal transcribed spacer rDNA (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) and partial sequence of the translation elongation factor 1α (EF1-α), the fungus causing dieback on O. pinnata was identified as Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae. This is the first report of L. pseudotheobromae infecting O. pinnata in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luoye Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Plant Pest Management and Bioenvironmental Health Application Technology, Guangdong Eco-Engineering Polytechnic, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Mengying Lei
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Plant Pest Management and Bioenvironmental Health Application Technology, Guangdong Eco-Engineering Polytechnic, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Honghong Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Plant Pest Management and Bioenvironmental Health Application Technology, Guangdong Eco-Engineering Polytechnic, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Xiaozhu Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Plant Pest Management and Bioenvironmental Health Application Technology, Guangdong Eco-Engineering Polytechnic, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Mebeaselassie Andargie
- Molecular Phytopathology and Mycotoxin Research, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Shaobin Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Plant Pest Management and Bioenvironmental Health Application Technology, Guangdong Eco-Engineering Polytechnic, Guangzhou 510520, China
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13
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Esparham N, Mohammadi H, Gramaje D. A Survey of Trunk Disease Pathogens within Citrus Trees in Iran. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9060754. [PMID: 32560035 PMCID: PMC7355864 DOI: 10.3390/plants9060754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Citrus trees with cankers and dieback symptoms were observed in Bushehr (Bushehr province, Iran). Isolations were made from diseased cankers and branches. Recovered fungal isolates were identified using cultural and morphological characteristics, as well as comparisons of DNA sequence data of the nuclear ribosomal DNA-internal transcribed spacer region, translation elongation factor 1α, β-tubulin, and actin gene regions. Dothiorellaviticola, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Neoscytalidiumhyalinum, Phaeoacremonium (P.) parasiticum, P. italicum, P. iranianum, P. rubrigenum, P. minimum, P. croatiense, P. fraxinopensylvanicum, Phaeoacremonium sp., Cadophora luteo-olivacea, Biscogniauxia (B.) mediterranea, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, C. boninense, Peyronellaea (Pa.) pinodella, Stilbocrea (S.) walteri, and several isolates of Phoma, Pestalotiopsis, and Fusarium species were obtained from diseased trees. The pathogenicity tests were conducted by artificial inoculation of excised shoots of healthy acid lime trees (Citrus aurantifolia) under controlled conditions. Lasiodiplodia theobromae was the most virulent and caused the longest lesions within 40 days of inoculation. According to literature reviews, this is the first report of L. theobromae and N. hyalinum on citrus in Iran. Additionally, we report several Phaeoacremonium species, S. walteri, Pa. pinodella and C. luteo-olivacea on citrus trees for the first time in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Esparham
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman 7616914111, Iran;
| | - Hamid Mohammadi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman 7616914111, Iran;
- Correspondence: (H.M.); (D.G.); Tel.: +98-34-3132-2682 (H.M.); +34-94-1899-4980 (D.G.)
| | - David Gramaje
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (ICVV), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de la Rioja, Gobierno de La Rioja, 26007 Logroño, Spain
- Correspondence: (H.M.); (D.G.); Tel.: +98-34-3132-2682 (H.M.); +34-94-1899-4980 (D.G.)
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Zheng XR, Zhang MJ, Shang XL, Fang SZ, Chen FM. Etiology of Cyclocarya paliurus Anthracnose in Jiangsu Province, China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:613499. [PMID: 33537048 PMCID: PMC7847979 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.613499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Cyclocarya paliurus is an extremely valuable and multifunctional tree species whose leaves have traditionally been used in used in medicine or as a medicinal tea in China. In recent years, anthracnose has been frequently observed on young leaves of C. paliurus in several nurseries located in Jiangsu Province, resulting in great yield and quality losses. To date, no information is available about the prevalence of C. paliurus anthracnose in China. The main purpose of the present study was to characterize the etiology of C. paliurus anthracnose. Phylogenetic analysis of the eight-loci concatenated dataset revealed that all 44 single-spore Colletotrichum isolates belonged to three species in the Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex, namely, Colletotrichum aenigma, Colletotrichum fructicola, and C. gloeosporioides sensu stricto. Phenotypic features, including the colony appearance and the morphology of conidia, appressoria, and ascospores, were consistent with the phylogenetic grouping. Virulence tests validated that the three Colletotrichum species could cause typical symptoms of anthracnose on C. paliurus leaves, similar to those observed in the field. The optimum mycelial growth temperature ranged from 25 to 30°C for all representative isolates, while C. gloeosporioides s. s. isolates exhibited greater tolerance to high temperature (40°C). Fungicide sensitivity assays indicated that all three Colletotrichum species were sensitive to tetramycin, which may be a potential alternative for the management of C. paliurus anthracnose. To our knowledge, this study provides the first report of C. aenigma, C. fructicola, and C. gloeosporioides s. s. causing C. paliurus anthracnose in China as well as in the world.
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