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Hamilton R, Jacobs JL, McCoy AG, Kelly HM, Bradley CA, Malvick DK, Rojas JA, Chilvers MI. Multistate Sensitivity Monitoring of Fusarium virguliforme to the SDHI Fungicides Fluopyram and Pydiflumetofen in the United States. PLANT DISEASE 2024; 108:1602-1611. [PMID: 38127633 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-23-2465-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Sudden death syndrome (SDS), caused by Fusarium virguliforme, is an important yield-limiting disease of soybean (Glycine max). From 1996 to 2022, cumulative yield losses attributed to SDS in North America totaled over 25 million metric tons, which was valued at over US $7.8 billion. Seed treatments are widely used to manage SDS by reducing early season soybean root infection by F. virguliforme. Fluopyram (succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor [SDHI] - FRAC 7), a fungicide seed treatment for SDS management, has been registered for use on soybean in the United States since 2014. A baseline sensitivity study conducted in 2014 evaluated 130 F. virguliforme isolates collected from five states to fluopyram in a mycelial growth inhibition assay and reported a mean EC50 of 3.35 mg/liter. This baseline study provided the foundation for the objectives of this research: to detect any statistically significant change in fluopyram sensitivity over time and geographical regions within the United States and to investigate sensitivity to the fungicide pydiflumetofen. We repeated fluopyram sensitivity testing on a panel of 80 historical F. virguliforme isolates collected from 2006 to 2013 (76 of which were used in the baseline study) and conducted testing on 123 contemporary isolates collected from 2016 to 2022 from 11 states. This study estimated a mean absolute EC50 of 3.95 mg/liter in isolates collected from 2006 to 2013 and a mean absolute EC50 of 4.19 mg/liter in those collected in 2016 to 2022. There was no significant change in fluopyram sensitivity (P = 0.1) identified between the historical and contemporary isolates. A subset of 23 isolates, tested against pydiflumetofen under the same conditions, estimated an absolute mean EC50 of 0.11 mg/liter. Moderate correlation was detected between fluopyram and pydiflumetofen sensitivity estimates (R = 0.53; P < 0.001). These findings enable future fluopyram and pydiflumetofen resistance monitoring and inform current soybean SDS management strategies in a regional and national context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Hamilton
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Janette L Jacobs
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Austin G McCoy
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Heather M Kelly
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, The University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Jackson, TN 38301
| | - Carl A Bradley
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Princeton, KY 42445
| | - Dean K Malvick
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - J Alejandro Rojas
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701
| | - Martin I Chilvers
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
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Gfeller V, Thoenen L, Erb M. Root-exuded benzoxazinoids can alleviate negative plant-soil feedbacks. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:2575-2588. [PMID: 38087806 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Plants can suppress the growth of other plants by modifying soil properties. These negative plant-soil feedbacks are often species-specific, suggesting that some plants possess resistance strategies. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated whether benzoxazinoids, a class of dominant secondary metabolites that are exuded into the soil by maize and other cereals, allow maize plants to cope with plant-soil feedbacks. We find that three out of five tested crop species reduce maize (Zea mays L.) performance via negative plant-soil feedbacks relative to the mean across species. This effect is partially alleviated by the capacity of maize plants to produce benzoxazinoids. Soil complementation with purified benzoxazinoids restores the protective effect for benzoxazinoid-deficient mutants. Sterilization and reinoculation experiments suggest that benzoxazinoid-mediated protection acts via changes in soil biota. Substantial variation of the protective effect between experiments and soil types illustrates context dependency. In conclusion, exuded plant secondary metabolites allow plants to cope with plant-soil feedbacks. These findings expand the functional repertoire of plant secondary metabolites and reveal a mechanism by which plants can resist negative effects of soil feedbacks. The uncovered phenomenon may represent a promising avenue to stabilize plant performance in crop rotations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Gfeller
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, 3013, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Crop Sciences, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), 5070, Frick, Switzerland
| | - Lisa Thoenen
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, 3013, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Erb
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, 3013, Bern, Switzerland
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Pramanick B, Kumar M, Naik BM, Singh SK, Kumar M, Singh SV. Soil carbon-nutrient cycling, energetics, and carbon footprint in calcareous soils with adoption of long-term conservation tillage practices and cropping systems diversification. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169421. [PMID: 38128664 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Calcareous soils, comprising vast areas in northern and eastern parts of India, are characterized by low soil organic carbon (SOC) with high free CaCO3 that results in low nutrient bioavailability with poor soil structure. Improvement of this soil can be achieved with conservation tillage with residue retention coupled with diversification of cropping system including legumes, and oilseeds in the system. Concerning all these, a long-term experiment was carried out in the calcareous soils having low organic carbon and high free CaCO3 (∼33 %) with varied tillage practices, viz. permanent bed with residue (PB), zero tillage with residue (ZT), and conventional tillage without residue (CT); and cropping systems viz. maize-wheat-greengram (MWGg), rice-maize (RM), and maize-mustard-greengram (MMuGg) during 2015-2021. From this study, it was observed that PB and ZT resulted in ∼25-30 % increment in SOC compared to the initial SOC, while CT showed a 4 % decrease in the SOC. Conservation tillage practices also resulted in better soil aggregation and favourable bulk density of the soil. Furthermore, PB and ZT practice exhibited 10-13 %; 15-18 %; 11-15 %; 40-60 %, 20-36 %, and 23-45 % increments in the soil available N, P, K, soil microbial biomass carbon, dehydrogenase activity, and urease activity, respectively over those under CT. Crop diversification with the inclusion of legume and oilseed crops (MMuGg, and MWGg) over cereal-dominated RM systems resulted in better soil health. Maize equivalent yield and energy use efficiency (%) were also found to be the maximum under PB, and ZT, in combination with the MMuGg system. ZT and PB also reduced the carbon footprint by 465 and 822 %, respectively over CT by elevating SOC sequestration. Hence, conservation tillage practices with residue retention coupled with diversification in maize-based cropping systems with mustard and greengram can improve soil health, system productivity, and energetics, and reduce the carbon footprint in calcareous soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajit Pramanick
- Department of Agronomy, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa 848125, Bihar, India.
| | - Mritunjay Kumar
- Department of Agronomy, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa 848125, Bihar, India
| | - Banavath Mahesh Naik
- Department of Agronomy, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa 848125, Bihar, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Singh
- Department of Soil Science, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa 848125, Bihar, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar
- Department of Agronomy, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa 848125, Bihar, India
| | - Shiv Vendra Singh
- Department of Agronomy, Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Jhansi 284003, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Han M, Yang H, Huang H, Du J, Zhang S, Fu Y. Allelopathy and allelobiosis: efficient and economical alternatives in agroecosystems. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2024; 26:11-27. [PMID: 37751515 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Chemical interactions in plants often involve plant allelopathy and allelobiosis. Allelopathy is an ecological phenomenon leading to interference among organisms, while allelobiosis is the transmission of information among organisms. Crop failures and low yields caused by inappropriate management can be related to both allelopathy and allelobiosis. Therefore, research on these two phenomena and the role of chemical substances in both processes will help us to understand and upgrade agroecosystems. In this review, substances involved in allelopathy and allelobiosis in plants are summarized. The influence of environmental factors on the generation and spread of these substances is discussed, and relationships between allelopathy and allelobiosis in interspecific, intraspecific, plant-micro-organism, plant-insect, and mechanisms, are summarized. Furthermore, recent results on allelopathy and allelobiosis in agroecosystem are summarized and will provide a reference for the future application of allelopathy and allelobiosis in agroecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Han
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - H Yang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - H Huang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - J Du
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - S Zhang
- The College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Beijing, China
- Ecological Observation and Research Station of Heilongjiang Sanjiang Plain Wetlands, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shuangyashan, China
| | - Y Fu
- The College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Beijing, China
- Ecological Observation and Research Station of Heilongjiang Sanjiang Plain Wetlands, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shuangyashan, China
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Kandel YR, Lawson MN, Brown MT, Chilvers MI, Kleczewski NM, Telenko DEP, Tenuta AU, Smith DL, Mueller DS. Field and Greenhouse Assessment of Seed Treatment Fungicides for Management of Sudden Death Syndrome and Yield Response of Soybean. PLANT DISEASE 2023; 107:1131-1138. [PMID: 36190301 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-03-22-0527-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Seed treatments for the management of sudden death syndrome (SDS) caused by Fusarium virguliforme are available in the United States and Canada; however, side-by-side comparisons of these seed treatments are lacking. Sixteen field experiments were established in Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, and Wisconsin, United States, and Ontario, Canada, in 2019 and 2020 to evaluate seed treatment combinations. Treatments included a nontreated check (NTC), fungicide and insecticide base seed treatments (base), fluopyram, base + fluopyram, base + saponin extracts from Chenopodium quinoa, base + fluopyram + heat-killed Burkholderia rinojenses, base + pydiflumetofen, base + thiabendazole + heat-killed B. rinojenses, and base + thiabendazole + C. quinoa extracts + heat-killed B. rinojenses. Treatments were tested on SDS moderately resistant and susceptible soybean cultivars at each location. Overall, NTC and base had the most root rot, most foliar disease index (FDX), and lowest yield. Base + fluopyram and base + pydiflumetofen were most effective for managing SDS. Moderately resistant cultivars reduced FDX in both years but visual root rot was greater on the moderately resistant than the susceptible cultivars in 2020. Yield response to cultivar was also inconsistent between the 2 years. In 2020, the susceptible cultivar provided significantly more yield than the moderately resistant cultivar. Treatment effect for root rot and FDX was similar in field and greenhouse evaluations. These results reinforce the need to include root rot evaluations in addition to foliar disease evaluations in the breeding process for resistance to F. virguliforme and highlights the importance of an integrated SDS management plan because not a single management tactic alone provides adequate control of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuba R Kandel
- Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, U.S.A
| | - Maia N Lawson
- Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, U.S.A
| | - Mariama T Brown
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, U.S.A
| | - Martin I Chilvers
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
| | - Nathan M Kleczewski
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, U.S.A
| | - Darcy E P Telenko
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, U.S.A
| | - Albert U Tenuta
- Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs, Ridgetown, Ontario N0P2C0, Canada
| | - Damon L Smith
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, U.S.A
| | - Daren S Mueller
- Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, U.S.A
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Raza MM, Kaiser MS, Eggenberger SK, Nutter FW, Leandro LFS. Time of Soybean Sudden Death Syndrome Foliar Symptom Onset Influences Final Disease Intensity, Yield, and Yield Components. PLANT DISEASE 2022; 106:2392-2402. [PMID: 35196103 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-07-21-1551-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sudden death syndrome (SDS), caused by Fusarium virguliforme, causes substantial yield losses in soybean. However, relationships between soybean yield and components of disease progress, including time of disease onset, are poorly understood. Individual soybean plants (2018) and quadrats (2016 to 2018) were monitored in commercial fields and experimental plots in Iowa to quantify the impact of SDS foliar symptom onset on final SDS intensity, soybean yield components, and yield. The date when SDS foliar symptoms were first detected (onset time) and progress of SDS incidence and severity were recorded weekly. Individual soybean plants and quadrats were harvested at the end of each season. Beta-regression showed that date of SDS onset had a consistent and stable effect on final disease intensity both at individual plant and quadrat levels. The slope of the relationship between date of SDS onset and final SDS severity was common across all field sites and years. Weighted linear regression revealed that SDS onset explained 60 to 83% of the variation in number of pods, number of seeds, and total seed weight in individual plants, and 94 to 97% of the variation in seed yield in quadrats. Soybean yield damage functions (slopes) indicated that for each day SDS onset was delayed, soybean yield increased by 30.5 to 31.3 kg/ha. This new quantitative information improves understanding of the impact of SDS on final disease intensity and soybean yield. Further experiments are needed to determine how this relationship is affected by site-specific factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad M Raza
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - Mark S Kaiser
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - Sharon K Eggenberger
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - Forest W Nutter
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - Leonor F S Leandro
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
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Reeves ER, Kerns JP, Shew BB. Pythium spp. Associated with Root Rot and Stunting of Winter Crops in North Carolina. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:3433-3442. [PMID: 33988468 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-20-2403-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Annual double-crop rotation systems that incorporate winter wheat, clary sage, or a cover crop are common in eastern North Carolina. Stunting and root rot of clary sage (Salvia sclarea L.) reduce yields of this crop, especially in wet soils. Stunting and reduced stand establishment also afflict winter cover crops, including rye, rapeseed, and winter pea. Pythium spp. are causal agents of root rot of winter wheat in this region, but their role in root rot and stunting of other winter crops is not understood. During the growing seasons of 2018 to 2019 and 2019 to 2020, samples of clary sage, rye, rapeseed, and winter pea displaying symptoms of stunting were collected across eastern North Carolina, resulting in the recovery of 420 isolates of Pythium from the roots of all hosts. Pythium irregulare, Pythium spinosum, and the complex Pythium sp. cluster B2A were the species most frequently isolated from clary sage. P. irregulare and P. spinosum were aggressive pathogens of clary sage at 18°C and caused moderate root rot at 28°C. Koch's postulates confirmed that isolates belonging to Pythium sp. cluster B2A, Pythium sylvaticum, Pythium pachycaule, Pythium aphanidermatum, Pythium myriotylum, and Pythium oopapillum are pathogens of clary sage. P. irregulare (37% of all isolates) and members of the species complex Pythium sp. cluster B2A (28% of all isolates) constituted the majority of isolates collected from all hosts and were the species most frequently isolated from rye, rapeseed, and winter pea. In pathogenicity assays, isolates representing P. irregulare and P. spinosum caused slight to moderate root necrosis on rye, rapeseed, and winter pea. Isolates representing Pythium sp. cluster B2A caused slight to moderate root necrosis on rapeseed and clary sage, but no symptoms on rye or winter pea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella R Reeves
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - James P Kerns
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - Barbara B Shew
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
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Rodriguez MC, Sautua F, Scandiani M, Carmona M, Asurmendi S. Current recommendations and novel strategies for sustainable management of soybean sudden death syndrome. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:4238-4248. [PMID: 33942966 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The increase in food production requires reduction of the damage caused by plant pathogens, minimizing the environmental impact of management practices. Soil-borne pathogens are among the most relevant pathogens that affect soybean crop yield. Soybean sudden death syndrome (SDS), caused by several distinct species of Fusarium, produces significant yield losses in the leading soybean-producing countries in North and South America. Current management strategies for SDS are scarce since there are no highly resistant cultivars and only a few fungicide seed treatments are available. Because of this, innovative approaches for SDS management need to be developed. Here, we summarize recently explored strategies based on plant nutrition, biological control, priming of plant defenses, host-induced gene silencing, and the development of new SDS-resistance cultivars using precision breeding techniques. Finally, sustainable management of SDS should also consider cultural control practices with minimal environmental impact. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Rodriguez
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular, CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Francisco Sautua
- Fitopatología, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mercedes Scandiani
- Centro de Referencia de Micología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Carmona
- Fitopatología, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sebastián Asurmendi
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular, CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Baetsen-Young AM, Araldi Da Silva G, Kandel YR, Jacobs JL, Byrne AM, Mueller DS, Smith DL, Tenuta AU, Wise KA, Day B, Chilvers MI. Influence of Fusarium virguliforme Temporal Colonization of Corn, Tillage, and Residue Management on Soybean Sudden Death Syndrome and Soybean Yield. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:3250-3260. [PMID: 33406860 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-09-20-1964-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The asymptomatic host range of Fusarium virguliforme includes corn, a common crop rotated with soybean that we hypothesize may alter F. virguliforme population dynamics and disease management. A field-based approach explored the temporal dynamics of F. virguliforme colonization of corn and soybean roots under different tillage and residue managements. Experiments were conducted in Iowa, Indiana, Michigan, and Wisconsin, United States and Ontario, Canada from 2016 to 2018. Corn and soybean roots were sampled at consecutive timepoints between 1 and 16 weeks after planting. DNA was extracted from all roots and analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR for F. virguliforme quantification. Trials were rotated between corn and soybean, containing a two-by-two factorial of tillage (no-tilled or tilled) and corn residue (with or without) in several experimental designs. In 2016, low amounts (approximately 100 fg per 10 mg of root tissue) of F. virguliforme were detected in the inoculated Iowa, Indiana, and Michigan locations and noninoculated Wisconsin corn fields. However, in 2017, greater levels of F. virguliforme DNA were detected in Iowa, Indiana, and Michigan across sampling timepoints. Tillage practices showed inconsistent effects on F. virguliforme root colonization and sudden death syndrome (SDS) foliar symptoms among trials and locations. However, residue management did not alter root colonization of corn or soybean by F. virguliforme. Plots with corn residue had greater SDS foliar disease index in Iowa in 2016. However, this trend was not observed across the site-years, indicating that corn residue may occasionally increase SDS foliar symptoms depending on the disease level and soil and weather factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Baetsen-Young
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
| | | | - Yuba R Kandel
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, U.S.A
| | - Janette L Jacobs
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, U.S.A
| | - Adam M Byrne
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, U.S.A
| | - Daren S Mueller
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, U.S.A
| | - Damon L Smith
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, U.S.A
| | - Albert U Tenuta
- Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N0P2C0, Canada
| | - Kiersten A Wise
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky Research and Education Center, Princeton, KY 43445, U.S.A
| | - Brad Day
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
| | - Martin I Chilvers
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
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Baetsen-Young A, Chen H, Shiu SH, Day B. Contrasting transcriptional responses to Fusarium virguliforme colonization in symptomatic and asymptomatic hosts. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:224-247. [PMID: 33681966 PMCID: PMC8136916 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koaa021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The broad host range of Fusarium virguliforme represents a unique comparative system to identify and define differentially induced responses between an asymptomatic monocot host, maize (Zea mays), and a symptomatic eudicot host, soybean (Glycine max). Using a temporal, comparative transcriptome-based approach, we observed that early gene expression profiles of root tissue from infected maize suggest that pathogen tolerance coincides with the rapid induction of senescence dampening transcriptional regulators, including ANACs (Arabidopsis thaliana NAM/ATAF/CUC protein) and Ethylene-Responsive Factors. In contrast, the expression of senescence-associated processes in soybean was coincident with the appearance of disease symptom development, suggesting pathogen-induced senescence as a key pathway driving pathogen susceptibility in soybean. Based on the analyses described herein, we posit that root senescence is a primary contributing factor underlying colonization and disease progression in symptomatic versus asymptomatic host-fungal interactions. This process also supports the lifestyle and virulence of F. virguliforme during biotrophy to necrotrophy transitions. Further support for this hypothesis lies in comprehensive co-expression and comparative transcriptome analyses, and in total, supports the emerging concept of necrotrophy-activated senescence. We propose that F. virguliforme conditions an environment within symptomatic hosts, which favors susceptibility through transcriptomic reprogramming, and as described herein, the induction of pathways associated with senescence during the necrotrophic stage of fungal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Baetsen-Young
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Huan Chen
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Genome Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Graduate Program in Molecular Plant Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Shin-Han Shiu
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Genome Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Graduate Program in Molecular Plant Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science, and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Brad Day
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Genome Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Graduate Program in Molecular Plant Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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Baetsen-Young AM, Swinton SM, Chilvers MI. Economic Impact of Fluopyram-Amended Seed Treatments to Reduce Soybean Yield Loss Associated with Sudden Death Syndrome. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:78-86. [PMID: 33201784 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-04-20-0792-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max) sudden death syndrome (SDS), caused by Fusarium virguliforme, is a key limitation in reaching soybean yield potential, stemming from incomplete disease management through cultural practices and partial host resistance. A fungicidal seed treatment was released in 2014 with the active ingredient fluopyram and was the first chemical management strategy to reduce soybean yield loss stemming from SDS. Although farm level studies have found fluopyram profitable, we were curious to discover whether fluopyram would be beneficial nationally if targeted to soybean fields at risk for SDS yield loss. To estimate economic benefits of fluopyram adoption in SDS at-risk acres, in the light of U.S. public research and outreach from a privately developed product, we applied an economic surplus approach, calculating ex ante net benefits from 2018 to 2032. Through this framework of logistic adoption of fluopyram for alleviation of SDS-associated yield losses, we projected a net benefit of $5.8 billion over 15 years, considering the costs of public seed treatment research and future extension communication. Although the sensitivity analysis indicates that overall net benefits from fluopyram adoption on SDS at-risk acres are highly dependent upon the market price of soybean, the incidence of SDS, the adoption path, and ceiling of this seed treatment, the net benefits still exceeded $407 million in the worst-case scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Baetsen-Young
- Plant Resilience Institute, Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
| | - Scott M Swinton
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
| | - Martin I Chilvers
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
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12
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Hunt ND, Liebman M, Thakrar SK, Hill JD. Fossil Energy Use, Climate Change Impacts, and Air Quality-Related Human Health Damages of Conventional and Diversified Cropping Systems in Iowa, USA. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:11002-11014. [PMID: 32786565 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b06929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cropping system diversification can reduce the negative environmental impacts of agricultural production, including soil erosion and nutrient discharge. Less is known about how diversification affects energy use, climate change, and air quality, when considering farm operations and supply chain activities. We conducted a life cycle study using measurements from a nine-year Iowa field experiment to estimate fossil energy (FE) use, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, PM2.5-related emissions, human health impacts, and other agronomic and economic metrics of contrasting crop rotation systems and herbicide regimes. Rotation systems consisted of 2-year corn-soybean, 3-year corn-soybean-oat/clover, and 4-year corn-soybean-oat/alfalfa-alfalfa systems. Each was managed with conventional and low-herbicide treatments. FE consumption was 56% and 64% lower in the 3-year and 4-year rotations than in the 2-year rotation, and GHG emissions were 54% and 64% lower. Diversification reduced combined monetized damages from GHG and PM2.5-related emissions by 42% and 57%. Herbicide treatment had no significant impact on environmental outcomes, while corn and soybean yields and whole-rotation economic returns improved significantly under diversification. Results suggest that diversification via shifting from conventional corn-soybean rotations to longer rotations with small grain and forage crops substantially reduced FE use, GHG emissions, and air quality damages, without compromising economic or agronomic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie D Hunt
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States
| | - Matt Liebman
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Sumil K Thakrar
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States
| | - Jason D Hill
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States
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13
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Hawkes CV, Bull JJ, Lau JA. Symbiosis and stress: how plant microbiomes affect host evolution. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190590. [PMID: 32772675 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Existing paradigms for plant microevolution rarely acknowledge the potential impacts of diverse microbiomes on evolutionary processes. Many plant-associated microorganisms benefit the host via access to resources, protection from pathogens, or amelioration of abiotic stress. In doing so, they alter the plant's perception of the environment, potentially reducing the strength of selection acting on plant stress tolerance or defence traits or altering the traits that are the target of selection. We posit that the microbiome can affect plant microevolution via (1) manipulation of plant phenotypes in ways that increase plant fitness under stress and (2) direct microbial responses to the environment that benefit the plant. Both mechanisms might favour plant genotypes that attract or stimulate growth of the most responsive microbial populations or communities. We provide support for these scenarios using infectious disease and quantitative genetics models. Finally, we discuss how beneficial plant-microbiome associations can evolve if traditional mechanisms maintaining cooperation in pairwise symbioses, namely partner fidelity, partner choice and fitness alignment, also apply to the interactions between plants and diverse foliar and soil microbiomes. To understand the role of the plant microbiome in host evolution will require a broad ecological understanding of plant-microbe interactions across both space and time. This article is part of the theme issue 'The role of the microbiome in host evolution'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine V Hawkes
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - James J Bull
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA
| | - Jennifer A Lau
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
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14
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Aphid-infested beans divert ant attendance from the rosy apple aphid in apple-bean intercropping. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8209. [PMID: 32427843 PMCID: PMC7237440 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64973-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecological intensification of cropping systems aims at restoring multi-functionality while supporting current productivity levels. Intercropping is a form of ecological intensification involving ecological processes beneficial to farmers that do not take place in monocultures. Thus, it represents a practical approach to decrease the use of synthetic inputs such as insecticides in cultivated systems. Whereas insecticide reduction via intercropping-facilitated suppression of aphids is reported in literature, the majority of published studies focussed on herbaceous crops. Thus, the effect of intercropping on aphid populations of cultivated trees remains largely unaddressed. In this study we hypothesized that intercropping a specific companion plant within perennial crops would divert ant attendance from an aphid attacking the crop to another aphid feeding on the newly introduced plant, reducing aphid damage on the crop. We tested our hypothesis in the system of apple (Malus domestica Borkhausen), the rosy apple aphid (Dysaphis plantaginea Passerini) and the black garden ant (Lasius niger L.). Bean plants (Vicia faba) with the black bean aphid (Aphis fabae Scopoli) were intercropped within apple trees inoculated with D. plantaginea. We measured ant attendance, aphid development and survival as well as honeydew composition on both plant species through semi-field and field experiments. The majority of ants chose to attend A. fabae over D. plantaginea in the semi-field experiment with potted plants. In the orchard, a larger majority of scouts were scored on A. fabae over D. plantaginea. A higher number of D. plantaginea colonies remained active in the apple control, whilst they were almost eradicated by intercropping. Although chemical analyses of honeydew disclosed differences in the carbohydrate and amino acid profiles between aphid species, the difference in honeydew composition did not explain the preference for A. fabae. Ants did not discriminate between the two honeydew mimics both in laboratory and field bioassays. Our results showed the potential of intercropping apple trees with beans as a method to reduce ant attendance and thus colony survival. We propose that intercropping represents a bottom-up approach towards ecological intensification of perennial crops. Together with other ecosystem-based measures such as habitat management, intercropping should be considered when planning ecosystem redesign to increase biological control of pests.
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15
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Exploring the Potential of High-Resolution Satellite Imagery for the Detection of Soybean Sudden Death Syndrome. REMOTE SENSING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/rs12071213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sudden death syndrome (SDS) is one of the major yield-limiting soybean diseases in the Midwestern United States. Effective management for SDS requires accurate detection in soybean fields. Since traditional scouting methods are time-consuming, labor-intensive, and often destructive, alternative methods to monitor SDS in large soybean fields are needed. This study explores the potential of using high-resolution (3 m) PlanetScope satellite imagery for detection of SDS using the random forest classification algorithm. Image data from blue, green, red, and near-infrared (NIR) spectral bands, the calculated normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and crop rotation information were used to detect healthy and SDS-infected quadrats in a soybean field experiment with different rotation treatments, located in Boone County, Iowa. Datasets collected during the 2016, 2017, and 2018 soybean growing seasons were analyzed. The results indicate that spectral features, when combined with ground-based information, can detect areas in soybean plots that are at risk for disease, even before foliar symptoms develop. The classification of healthy and diseased soybean quadrats was >75% accurate and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was >70%. Our results indicate that high-resolution satellite imagery and random forest analyses have the potential to detect SDS in soybean fields, and that this approach may facilitate large-scale monitoring of SDS (and possibly other economically important soybean diseases). It may also be useful for guiding recommendations for site-specific management in current and future seasons.
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16
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Roth MG, Oudman KA, Griffin A, Jacobs JL, Sang H, Chilvers MI. Diagnostic qPCR Assay to Detect Fusarium brasiliense, a Causal Agent of Soybean Sudden Death Syndrome and Root Rot of Dry Bean. PLANT DISEASE 2020; 104:246-254. [PMID: 31644390 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-01-19-0016-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Species within clade 2 of the Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC) are significant pathogens of dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and soybean (Glycine max), causing root rot and/or sudden death syndrome (SDS). These species are morphologically difficult to distinguish and often require molecular tools for proper diagnosis to a species level. Here, a TaqMan probe-based quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay was developed to distinguish Fusarium brasiliense from other closely related species within clade 2 of the FSSC. The assay displays high specificity against close relatives and high sensitivity, with a detection limit of 100 fg. This assay was able to detect F. brasiliense from purified mycelia, infected dry bean roots, and soil samples throughout Michigan. When multiplexed with an existing qPCR assay specific to Fusarium virguliforme, accurate quantification of both F. brasiliense and F. virguliforme was obtained, which can facilitate accurate diagnoses and identify coinfections with a single reaction. The assay is compatible with multiple qPCR thermal cycling platforms and will be helpful in providing accurate detection of F. brasiliense. Management of root rot and SDS pathogens in clade 2 of the FSSC is challenging and must be done proactively, because no midseason management strategies currently exist. However, accurate detection can facilitate management decisions for subsequent growing seasons to successfully manage these pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell G Roth
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
- Genetics Graduate Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Kjersten A Oudman
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Amanda Griffin
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Janette L Jacobs
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Hyunkyu Sang
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Martin I Chilvers
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
- Genetics Graduate Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
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Roth MG, Noel ZA, Wang J, Warner F, Byrne AM, Chilvers MI. Predicting Soybean Yield and Sudden Death Syndrome Development Using At-Planting Risk Factors. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2019; 109:1710-1719. [PMID: 31090498 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-02-19-0040-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the United States, sudden death syndrome (SDS) of soybean is caused by the fungal pathogen Fusarium virguliforme and is responsible for important yield losses each year. Understanding the risk of SDS development and subsequent yield loss could provide growers with valuable information for management of this challenging disease. Current management strategies for F. virguliforme use partially resistant cultivars, fungicide seed treatments, and extended crop rotations with diverse crops. The aim of this study was to develop models to predict SDS severity and soybean yield loss using at-planting risk factors to integrate with current SDS management strategies. In 2014 and 2015, field studies were conducted in adjacent fields in Decatur, MI, which were intensively monitored for F. virguliforme and nematode quantities at-planting, plant health throughout the growing season, end-of-season SDS severity, and yield using an unbiased grid sampling scheme. In both years, F. virguliforme and soybean cyst nematode (SCN) quantities were unevenly distributed throughout the field. The distribution of F. virguliforme at-planting had a significant correlation with end-of-season SDS severity in 2015, and a significant correlation to yield in 2014 (P < 0.05). SCN distributions at-planting were significantly correlated with end-of-season SDS severity and yield in 2015 (P < 0.05). Prediction models developed through multiple linear regression showed that F. virguliforme abundance (P < 0.001), SCN egg quantity (P < 0.001), and year (P < 0.01) explained the most variation in end-of-season SDS (R2 = 0.32), whereas end-of-season SDS (P < 0.001) and end-of-season root dry weight (P < 0.001) explained the most variation in soybean yield (R2 = 0.53). Further, multivariate analyses support a synergistic relationship between F. virguliforme and SCN, enhancing the severity of foliar SDS. These models indicate that it is possible to predict patches of SDS severity using at-planting risk factors. Verifying these models and incorporating additional data types may help improve SDS management and forecast soybean markets in response to SDS threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell G Roth
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
- Genetics Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Zachary A Noel
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
- Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Fred Warner
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Adam M Byrne
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Martin I Chilvers
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
- Genetics Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
- Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
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18
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Kandel YR, Bradley CA, Chilvers MI, Mathew FM, Tenuta AU, Smith DL, Wise KA, Mueller DS. Effect of Seed Treatment and Foliar Crop Protection Products on Sudden Death Syndrome and Yield of Soybean. PLANT DISEASE 2019; 103:1712-1720. [PMID: 31059383 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-12-18-2199-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sudden death syndrome (SDS), caused by Fusarium virguliforme, is an important soilborne disease of soybean. Risk of SDS increases when cool and wet conditions occur soon after planting. Recently, multiple seed treatment and foliar products have been registered and advertised for management of SDS but not all have been tested side by side in the same field experiment at multiple field locations. In 2015 and 2016, seed treatment fungicides fluopyram and thiabendazole; seed treatment biochemical pesticides citric acid and saponins extract of Chenopodium quinoa; foliar fungicides fluoxastrobin + flutriafol; and an herbicide, lactofen, were evaluated in Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, South Dakota, Wisconsin, and Ontario for SDS management. Treatments were tested on SDS-resistant and -susceptible cultivars at each location. Overall, fluopyram provided the highest level of control of root rot and foliar symptoms of SDS among all the treatments. Foliar application of lactofen reduced foliar symptoms in some cases but produced the lowest yield. In 2015, fluopyram reduced the foliar disease index (FDX) by over 50% in both resistant and susceptible cultivars and provided 8.9% yield benefit in susceptible cultivars and 3.5% yield benefit in resistant cultivars compared with the base seed treatment (control). In 2016, fluopyram reduced FDX in both cultivars by over 40% compared with the base seed treatment. For yield in 2016, treatment effect was not significant in the susceptible cultivar while, in the resistant cultivar, fluopyram provided 3.5% greater yield than the base seed treatment. In this study, planting resistant cultivars and using fluopyram seed treatment were the most effective tools for SDS management. However, plant resistance provided an overall better yield-advantage than using fluopyram seed treatment alone. Effective seed treatments can be an economically viable consideration to complement resistant cultivars for managing SDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuba R Kandel
- 1 Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011, U.S.A
| | - Carl A Bradley
- 2 Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky Research and Education Center, Princeton 42445, U.S.A
| | - Martin I Chilvers
- 3 Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, U.S.A
| | - Febina M Mathew
- 4 Department of Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007, U.S.A
| | - Albert U Tenuta
- 5 Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs, Ridgetown, ON N0P2C0, Canada
| | - Damon L Smith
- 6 Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53706, U.S.A
| | - Kiersten A Wise
- 2 Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky Research and Education Center, Princeton 42445, U.S.A
| | - Daren S Mueller
- 1 Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011, U.S.A
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Wang J, Sang H, Jacobs JL, Oudman KA, Hanson LE, Chilvers MI. Soybean Sudden Death Syndrome Causal Agent Fusarium brasiliense Present in Michigan. PLANT DISEASE 2019; 103:1234-1243. [PMID: 30932735 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-08-18-1332-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Sudden death syndrome (SDS), caused by members of Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC) clade 2, is a major and economically important disease in soybean worldwide. The primary causal agent of SDS isolated to date in North America has been F. virguliforme. In 2014 and 2016, SDS symptoms were found in two soybean fields located on the same farm in Michigan. Seventy Fusarium strains were isolated from roots of the SDS-symptomatic soybeans in two fields. Phylogenetic analysis of partial sequences of elongation factor-1α, the nuclear ribosomal DNA intergenic spacer region, and the RNA polymerase II beta subunit revealed that the primary FSSC species isolated was F. brasiliense (58 and 36% in each field) and the remaining Fusarium strains were identified as F. cuneirostrum, F. phaseoli, an undescribed Fusarium sp. from FSSC clade 2, and strains in FSSC clade 5 and FSSC clade 11. Molecular identification was supported with morphological analysis and a pathogenicity assay. The soybean seedling pathogenicity assay indicated that F. brasiliense was capable of causing typical foliar SDS symptoms. Both root rot and foliar disease severity were variable by strain, just as they are in F. virguliforme. Both FSSC 5 and FSSC 11 strains were also capable of causing root rot, but SDS foliar symptoms were not detected. To our knowledge, this is the first report of F. brasiliense causing SDS in soybean in the United States and the first report of F. cuneirostrum, F. phaseoli, an as-yet-unnamed Fusarium sp., and strains in FSSC clade 5 and FSSC clade 11 associated with or causing root rot of soybean in Michigan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- 1 Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824; and
| | - Hyunkyu Sang
- 1 Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824; and
| | - Janette L Jacobs
- 1 Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824; and
| | - Kjersten A Oudman
- 1 Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824; and
| | - Linda E Hanson
- 1 Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824; and
- 2 Sugar Beet and Bean Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Martin I Chilvers
- 1 Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824; and
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20
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Roth MG, Chilvers MI. A protoplast generation and transformation method for soybean sudden death syndrome causal agents Fusarium virguliforme and F. brasiliense. Fungal Biol Biotechnol 2019; 6:7. [PMID: 31123591 PMCID: PMC6518667 DOI: 10.1186/s40694-019-0070-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Soybean production around the globe faces significant annual yield losses due to pests and diseases. One of the most significant causes of soybean yield loss annually in the U.S. is sudden death syndrome (SDS), caused by soil-borne fungi in the Fusarium solani species complex. Two of these species, F. virguliforme and F. brasiliense, have been discovered in the U.S. The genetic mechanisms that these pathogens employ to induce root rot and SDS are largely unknown. Previous methods describing F. virguliforme protoplast generation and transformation have been used to study gene function, but these methods lack important details and controls. In addition, no reports of protoplast generation and genetic transformation have been made for F. brasiliense. Results We developed a new protocol for developing fungal protoplasts in these Fusarium species and test the protoplasts for the ability to take up foreign DNA. We show that wild-type strains of F. virguliforme and F. brasiliense are sensitive to the antibiotics hygromycin and nourseothricin, but strains transformed with resistance genes displayed resistance to these antibiotics. In addition, integration of fluorescent protein reporter genes demonstrates that the foreign DNA is expressed and results in a functional protein, providing fluorescence to both pathogens. Conclusions This protocol provides significant details for reproducibly producing protoplasts and transforming F. virguliforme and F. brasiliense. The protocol can be used to develop high quality protoplasts for further investigations into genetic mechanisms of growth and pathogenicity of F. virguliforme and F. brasiliense. Fluorescent strains developed in this study can be used to investigate temporal colonization and potential host preferences of these species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40694-019-0070-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell G Roth
- 1Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, 1066 Bogue St., East Lansing, 48824 MI USA.,2Genetics Graduate Program, Michigan State University, 567 Wilson Rd., East Lansing, 48824 MI USA
| | - Martin I Chilvers
- 1Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, 1066 Bogue St., East Lansing, 48824 MI USA.,2Genetics Graduate Program, Michigan State University, 567 Wilson Rd., East Lansing, 48824 MI USA
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21
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Hunt ND, Hill JD, Liebman M. Cropping System Diversity Effects on Nutrient Discharge, Soil Erosion, and Agronomic Performance. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:1344-1352. [PMID: 30608148 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b02193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient, herbicide, and sediment loading from agricultural fields cause environmental and economic damage. Nutrient leaching and runoff pollution can lead to eutrophication and impaired drinking water resources, while soil erosion reduces water quality and agronomic productivity. Increased cropping system diversification has been proposed to address these problems. We used the ArcSWAT model and long-term Iowa field experimental measurements to estimate eutrophication and erosion impacts of three crop rotation systems under two weed management regimes. Rotations were comprised of 2-year corn-soybean, 3-year corn-soybean-oat/clover, and 4-year corn-soybean-oat/alfalfa-alfalfa systems. All were managed with conventional or low herbicide applications. Total N and P runoff losses were up to 39% and 30% lower, respectively, in the more diverse systems than the 2-year corn-soybean system, but NO3--N leaching losses were unaffected by cropping system. Diversification reduced erosion losses up to 60%. The 3- and 4-year systems maintained or increased crop yields and net returns relative to the 2-year conventional system. Reductions in herbicide use intensity generally did not affect nutrient and sediment losses nor crop yields and profitability. These results indicate that diversifying the corn-soybean rotation that dominates the central United States could reduce water nutrient contamination and soil erosion while maintaining farm productivity and profitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie D Hunt
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering , University of Minnesota , St. Paul , Minnesota 55108 , United States
| | - Jason D Hill
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering , University of Minnesota , St. Paul , Minnesota 55108 , United States
| | - Matt Liebman
- Department of Agronomy , Iowa State University , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
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22
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Sang H, Witte A, Jacobs JL, Chang HX, Wang J, Roth MG, Chilvers MI. Fluopyram Sensitivity and Functional Characterization of SdhB in the Fusarium solani Species Complex Causing Soybean Sudden Death Syndrome. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2335. [PMID: 30327645 PMCID: PMC6174223 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicide, fluopyram, is used as a soybean seed treatment to manage Fusarium virguliforme, the casual agent of sudden death syndrome (SDS). More recently, other species within clade 2 of the Fusarium solani species, F. tucumaniae in South America and F. brasiliense in America and Africa, have been recognized as additional agents capable of causing SDS. To determine if fluopyram could be used for management of SDS caused by these species, in vitro sensitivity tests of the three Fusarium species to fluopyram were conducted. The mean EC50 values of F. brasiliense and F. virguliforme strains to fluopyram were 1.96 and 2.21 μg ml-1, respectively, but interestingly F. tucumaniae strains were highly sensitive (mean EC50 = 0.25 μg ml-1) to fluopyram compared to strains of the other two species. A sequence analysis of Sdh genes of Fusarium strains revealed that the F. tucumaniae strains contain an arginine at codon 277 in the SdhB gene instead of a glycine as in other Fusarium species. Replacement of glycine to arginine in SdhB-277 in a F. virguliforme wild-type strain Mont-1 through genetic transformation resulted in increased sensitivity to two SDHI fungicides, fluopyram and boscalid. Similar to a F. tucumaniae strain, the Mont-1 (SdhBG277R) mutant caused less SDS and root rot disease than Mont-1 on soybean seedlings with the fluopyram seed treatment. Our study suggests the amino acid difference in the SdhB in F. tucumaniae results in fluopyram being efficacious if used as a seed treatment for management of F. tucumaniae, which is the most abundant SDS causing species in South America. The establishment of baseline sensitivity of Fusarium species to fluopyram will contribute to effective strategies for managing Fusarium diseases in soybean and other pathosystems such as dry bean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunkyu Sang
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Alexander Witte
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Janette L. Jacobs
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Hao-Xun Chang
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Mitchell G. Roth
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Genetics Graduate Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Martin I. Chilvers
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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