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Li X, Tan C, Li P, Lin L, Zhou J, Tao H, Cai Y. Biological Control of Avocado Branch Blight Caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae Using Bacillus velezensis. PLANT DISEASE 2024; 108:2053-2064. [PMID: 38347735 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-10-23-2216-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, avocado branch blight has gradually become one of the major diseases causing mortality of avocado trees, which seriously affects the economic development of avocado planting regions. In order to investigate the cause of the disease, the pathogens were isolated from the interroot of avocado trees with the onset of the disease and identified as Lasiodiplodia theobromae. At the same time, three Bacillus velezensis strains, YK194, YK201, and YK268, with better antagonistic effects and high stability against L. theobromae, were isolated from the rhizospheric soil of healthy avocado plants. The results of branch experiments and field trials showed that the avocado leaves as well as branches treated with the strains YK194, YK201, and YK268 did not develop disease, and the incidence of avocado trees was significantly reduced. In the branch experiments, the biological control effect of the strains YK194, YK201, and YK268 reached 62.07, 52.70, and 72.45%, respectively. In the field experiments, it reached 63.85, 63.43, and 73.86%, respectively, which indicated that all these three strains possessed good biological control effects on avocado branch blight. Further investigation on the mechanism of action of antagonistic strains revealed that B. velezensis YK268 could produce lipopeptides, namely, surfactin, fengycin, and iturin, which could significantly inhibit the spore germination of L. theobromae. Consequently, these three isolates have potential as biocontrol agents against L. theobromae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Chenxing Tan
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Engineering Research Center of Biological Control, Ministry of Education, Integrative Microbiology Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ping Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Lizhen Lin
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jianuan Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Engineering Research Center of Biological Control, Ministry of Education, Integrative Microbiology Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Huan Tao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yanfei Cai
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
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Wang Y, Song X, Xie S, Geng Y, Xu C, Yin X, Zang R, Guo L, Zhang M, Guo Y. Diversity of Lasiodiplodia Species Associated with Canker and Dieback in Fruit Trees in the Henan and Shandong Provinces of China. PLANT DISEASE 2024; 108:563-575. [PMID: 37729652 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-07-23-1260-sr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Lasiodiplodia is a widely distributed genus that is associated with a variety of diseases in many plant species, especially fruit trees. In this study, a disease survey of fruit trees growing in 12 orchards located in the Henan and Shandong provinces of China was conducted between 2020 and 2022. The symptoms observed included stem canker, branch dieback, and gummosis. Phylogenetic analyses of internal transcribed spacer, tub2, tef1, and rpb2 sequence data combined with morphological characteristics revealed that the 19 isolates collected during the survey belonged to five documented Lasiodiplodia species, namely, Lasiodiplodia citricola, L. chiangraiensis, L. huangyanensis, L. pseudotheobromae, and L. theobromae, and two previously undescribed species, L. xinyangensis and L. ziziphi. In addition, the survey identified three novel host-pathogen interactions: L. chiangraiensis on loquat, L. citricola on apple, and L. huangyanensis on grapevine. Furthermore, the detailed phylogenic analysis indicated that four previously described Lasiodiplodia species were genetically very closely related that they would be better classified as synonyms rather than distinct species, so L. paraphysoides and L. nanpingensis should be considered synonyms of L. citricola, L. fujianensis should be a synonym of L. iraniensis, and L. henanica should be a synonym of L. huangyanensis. Pathogenicity tests confirmed that representative isolates of the two novel species and three new host-pathogen interactions identified in the current study were pathogenic to their original hosts, thereby fulfilling Koch's postulates. Similarly, all of the isolates were found to be pathogenic on four alternative hosts, although a high degree of variation in virulence was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfen Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- School of Resources and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Xinzheng Song
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Shunpei Xie
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yuehua Geng
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Chao Xu
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xinming Yin
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Rui Zang
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Lihua Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yashuang Guo
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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Larach A, Vega-Celedón P, Castillo-Novales D, Tapia L, Cuneo I, Cádiz F, Seeger M, Besoain X. Diplodia seriata Biocontrol Is Altered via Temperature and the Control of Bacteria. Microorganisms 2024; 12:350. [PMID: 38399754 PMCID: PMC10892200 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12020350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) attack the vine's wood, devastating vineyards worldwide. Chile is the world's fourth-largest wine exporter, and Cabernet Sauvignon is one of the most economically important red wine varieties. Botryosphaeria dieback is an important GTD, and Diplodia seriata is one of the main pathogenic species. Biocontrol studies of these pathogens are commonly carried out at different incubation times but at a single temperature. This study aimed to evaluate the biocontrol effect of Chilean PGPB and grapevine endophytic bacteria against D. seriata at different temperatures. We analyzed the biocontrol effect of Pseudomonas sp. GcR15a, Pseudomonas sp. AMCR2b and Rhodococcus sp. PU4, with three D. seriata isolates (PUCV 2120, PUCV 2142 and PUCV 2183) at 8, 22 and 35 °C. Two dual-culture antagonism methods (agar plug diffusion and double plate) were used to evaluate the in vitro effect, and an in vivo test was performed with Cabernet Sauvignon cuttings. In vitro, the greatest inhibitions were obtained using the agar plug diffusion method and at a temperature of 8 °C, where Rhodococcus sp. PU4 obtains a 65% control (average) and Pseudomonas sp. GcR15a a 57% average. At 22 °C, only strains of Pseudomonas sp. show control. At 35 °C, one Pseudomonas strain shows the highest control (38%), on average, similar to tebuconazole (33%), and then Rhodococcus sp. (30%). In vivo, a biocontrol effect is observed against two D. seriata isolates, while the PUCV 2142 proves to be more resistant to control. The biocontrol ability at low temperatures is promising for effective control in the field, where infections occur primarily in winter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Larach
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, San Francisco s/n La Palma, Quillota 2260000, Chile; (P.V.-C.); (D.C.-N.); (L.T.); (I.C.); (F.C.)
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular y Biotecnología Ambiental, Departamento de Química & Centro de Biotecnología Dr. Daniel Alkalay Lowitt, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso 2390123, Chile;
- Millennium Nucleus BioGEM, Valparaíso 2390123, Chile
| | - Paulina Vega-Celedón
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, San Francisco s/n La Palma, Quillota 2260000, Chile; (P.V.-C.); (D.C.-N.); (L.T.); (I.C.); (F.C.)
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular y Biotecnología Ambiental, Departamento de Química & Centro de Biotecnología Dr. Daniel Alkalay Lowitt, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso 2390123, Chile;
| | - Diyanira Castillo-Novales
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, San Francisco s/n La Palma, Quillota 2260000, Chile; (P.V.-C.); (D.C.-N.); (L.T.); (I.C.); (F.C.)
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular y Biotecnología Ambiental, Departamento de Química & Centro de Biotecnología Dr. Daniel Alkalay Lowitt, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso 2390123, Chile;
- Millennium Nucleus BioGEM, Valparaíso 2390123, Chile
| | - Lorena Tapia
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, San Francisco s/n La Palma, Quillota 2260000, Chile; (P.V.-C.); (D.C.-N.); (L.T.); (I.C.); (F.C.)
| | - Italo Cuneo
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, San Francisco s/n La Palma, Quillota 2260000, Chile; (P.V.-C.); (D.C.-N.); (L.T.); (I.C.); (F.C.)
| | - Fabiola Cádiz
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, San Francisco s/n La Palma, Quillota 2260000, Chile; (P.V.-C.); (D.C.-N.); (L.T.); (I.C.); (F.C.)
| | - Michael Seeger
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular y Biotecnología Ambiental, Departamento de Química & Centro de Biotecnología Dr. Daniel Alkalay Lowitt, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso 2390123, Chile;
- Millennium Nucleus BioGEM, Valparaíso 2390123, Chile
| | - Ximena Besoain
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, San Francisco s/n La Palma, Quillota 2260000, Chile; (P.V.-C.); (D.C.-N.); (L.T.); (I.C.); (F.C.)
- Millennium Nucleus BioGEM, Valparaíso 2390123, Chile
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Peng J, Li Y, Xing Q, Huang C, Yan J. Dual RNA-Seq Reveals Temperature-Mediated Gene Reprogramming and Molecular Crosstalk between Grapevine and Lasiodiplodia theobromae. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1197. [PMID: 38132797 PMCID: PMC10745131 DOI: 10.3390/jof9121197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
High temperatures associated with a fluctuating climate profoundly accelerate the occurrence of a myriad of plant diseases around the world. A comprehensive insight into how plants respond to pathogenic microorganisms under high-temperature stress is required for plant disease management, whereas the underlying mechanisms behind temperature-mediated plant immunity and pathogen pathogenicity are still unclear. Here, we evaluated the effect of high temperature on the development of grapevine canker disease and quantified the contribution of temperature variation to the gene transcription reprogramming of grapevine and its pathogenic agent Lasiodiplodia theobromae using a dual RNA-seq approach. The results showed that both grapevine and the pathogen displayed altered transcriptomes under different temperatures, and even the transcription of a plethora of genes from the two organisms responded in different directions and magnitudes. The transcription variability that arose due to temperature oscillation allowed us to identify a total of 26 grapevine gene modules and 17 fungal gene modules that were correlated with more than one gene module of the partner organism, which revealed an extensive web of plant-pathogen gene reprogramming during infection. More importantly, we identified a set of temperature-responsive genes that were transcriptionally orchestrated within the given gene modules. These genes are predicted to be involved in multiple cellular processes including protein folding, stress response regulation, and carbohydrate and peptide metabolisms in grapevine and porphyrin- and pteridine-containing compound metabolisms in L. theobromae, implying that in response to temperature oscillation, a complex web of signaling pathways in two organism cells is activated during infection. This study describes a co-transcription network of grapevine and L. theobromae in the context of considering temperature variation, which provides novel insights into deciphering the molecular mechanisms underlying temperature-modulated disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jiye Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China (Q.X.)
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Larach A, Vega-Celedón P, Salgado E, Salinas A, Riquelme N, Castillo-Novales D, Sanhueza P, Seeger M, Besoain X. Higher Virulence of Diplodia seriata Isolates on Vines of cv. Cabernet Sauvignon Associated with 10-Year-Old Wood Compared to Young Tissue. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2984. [PMID: 37631195 PMCID: PMC10459257 DOI: 10.3390/plants12162984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Botryosphaeria dieback (BD) occurs in young and old plants. In the field, the prevalence and severity of the disease increase proportionally with the age of vineyards. Among the pathogens that cause BD, Diplodia seriata is the most prevalent species in Chile and other countries with a Mediterranean climate. To date, no information is available on the susceptibility of adult wood to infection by this pathogen since most of the pathogenicity tests have been carried out on 1- or 2-year-old shoots or detached canes. Therefore, a pathogenicity test was carried out on plants under field conditions, with inoculations in 1-year-old shoots and 2- and 10-year-old wood in grapevine cv. Cabernet Sauvignon. A pathogenicity test was carried out with two isolates of D. seriata. The results for the plants show that D. seriata was significantly more aggressive on the 10-year-old than on the one- or two-year-old tissue, where the lesions were 4.3 and 2.3 cm on average, respectively. These results were compared with the lesions obtained from two-year-old canes after the isolates were activated in grape berries. Also, the Chilean isolates of D. seriata were compared phylogenetically with those from other countries, and no major differences were found between them. Our results are consistent with the damage observed in the field, contributing to the knowledge of the epidemiology of this disease in Mediterranean climates. In the future, the effect observed in cv. Cabernet Sauvignon with D. seriata on virulence at different tissue ages should be tested for other BD-causing agents and wine varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Larach
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Casilla 4-D, Quillota 2260000, Chile; (A.L.)
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular y Biotecnología Ambiental, Departamento de Química & Centro de Biotecnología Dr. Daniel Alkalay Lowitt, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso 2390123, Chile
| | - Paulina Vega-Celedón
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Casilla 4-D, Quillota 2260000, Chile; (A.L.)
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular y Biotecnología Ambiental, Departamento de Química & Centro de Biotecnología Dr. Daniel Alkalay Lowitt, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso 2390123, Chile
| | - Eduardo Salgado
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Casilla 4-D, Quillota 2260000, Chile; (A.L.)
| | - Aldo Salinas
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Casilla 4-D, Quillota 2260000, Chile; (A.L.)
| | - Natalia Riquelme
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Casilla 4-D, Quillota 2260000, Chile; (A.L.)
| | - Diyanira Castillo-Novales
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Casilla 4-D, Quillota 2260000, Chile; (A.L.)
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular y Biotecnología Ambiental, Departamento de Química & Centro de Biotecnología Dr. Daniel Alkalay Lowitt, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso 2390123, Chile
| | - Paulina Sanhueza
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Casilla 4-D, Quillota 2260000, Chile; (A.L.)
| | - Michael Seeger
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular y Biotecnología Ambiental, Departamento de Química & Centro de Biotecnología Dr. Daniel Alkalay Lowitt, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso 2390123, Chile
| | - Ximena Besoain
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Casilla 4-D, Quillota 2260000, Chile; (A.L.)
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Csótó A, Nagy A, Laurinyecz N, Nagy ZA, Németh C, Németh EK, Csikász-Krizsics A, Rakonczás N, Fontaine F, Fekete E, Flipphi M, Karaffa L, Sándor E. Hybrid Vitis Cultivars with American or Asian Ancestries Show Higher Tolerance towards Grapevine Trunk Diseases. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2328. [PMID: 37375953 DOI: 10.3390/plants12122328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Grape production worldwide is increasingly threatened by grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs). No grapevine cultivar is known to be entirely resistant to GTDs, but susceptibility varies greatly. To quantify these differences, four Hungarian grape germplasm collections containing 305 different cultivars were surveyed to determine the ratios of GTDs based on symptom expression and the proportion of plant loss within all GTD symptoms. The cultivars of monophyletic Vitis vinifera L. origin were amongst the most sensitive ones, and their sensitivity was significantly (p < 0.01) higher than that of the interspecific (hybrid) cultivars assessed, which are defined by the presence of Vitis species other than V. vinifera (e.g., V. labrusca L., V. rupestris Scheele, and V. amurensis Rupr.) in their pedigree. We conclude that the ancestral diversity of grapes confers a higher degree of resilience against GTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Csótó
- Institute of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Science and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Kálmán Kerpely Doctoral School, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Antal Nagy
- Institute of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Science and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Nóra Laurinyecz
- Institute of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Science and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zóra Annamária Nagy
- Research Institute for Viticulture and Oenology Badacsony, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-8263 Badacsonytomaj, Hungary
| | - Csaba Németh
- Research Institute for Viticulture and Oenology Badacsony, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-8263 Badacsonytomaj, Hungary
| | - Erzsébet Krisztina Németh
- Research Institute for Viticulture and Oenology Kecskemét, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-6000 Kecskemét, Hungary
| | - Anna Csikász-Krizsics
- Research Institute for Viticulture and Oenology, University of Pécs, H-7634 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Nándor Rakonczás
- Institute of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Science and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Florence Fontaine
- Unité Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes, USC INRAE 1488, URCA, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Erzsébet Fekete
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Michel Flipphi
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Levente Karaffa
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Erzsébet Sándor
- Institute of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Science and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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7
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Avenot HF, Vega D, Arpaia ML, Michailides TJ. Prevalence, Identity, Pathogenicity, and Infection Dynamics of Botryosphaeriaceae Causing Avocado Branch Canker in California. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 113:1034-1047. [PMID: 36510362 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-11-21-0459-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Botryosphaeria branch canker and dieback of avocado (Persea americana Mill.) has expanded in avocado-growing areas in recent years. Twenty-one avocado groves in the major producing regions of California were surveyed in 2018 and 2019. Monthly inoculations of wounded, green, and lignified branches of 'Hass' and 'Lamb Hass' were conducted. Botryosphaeriaceae were the predominant fungi recovered from cankered tissues collected across the surveyed traditional and high-density orchards and caused symptoms on all six sampled cultivars. These fungi were also recovered in asymptomatic twigs and other organs and thus exist as a potential reservoir for future infections. Molecular analyses of 173 isolates showed that Neofusicoccum luteum had the greatest incidences across sites and cultivars, with 83 and 29% recovered from Hass and Lamb Hass, respectively. Pathogenicity tests on excised (Hass, GEM, and Hass mutants) and attached shoots from potted (Hass) and mature avocado trees (Hass and Lamb Hass) showed that all species were pathogenic on wounded, green, and mature branches of the specified cultivars. Monthly inoculations of wounded, green, and lignified branches of Hass and Lamb Hass showed that both stem types were susceptible throughout the inoculation periods, regardless of the avocado phenological stage. In temperature-dependent growth and infection studies, growth of three points could vary during the growing season. Botryosphaeriaceae grown was higher between 20 and 30°C, but only Lasiodiplodia theobromae significantly grew and caused external lesions at 35°C. Lasiodiplodia theobromae also grew more on perseitol-amended media, all indicating its adaptation to warmer temperatures and capacity in metabolizing the avocado-produced sugar. Overall, this study extended our knowledge of the prevalence, identity, and pathogenicity of Botryosphaeriaceae on avocado cultivars, which will be useful to tailor management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herve F Avenot
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Kearney Agricultural Research & Extension Center, 9240 South Riverbend Ave., Parlier, CA 93648
| | - Dee Vega
- California State University, Pomona, CA 91768
| | - Mary Lu Arpaia
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Themis J Michailides
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Kearney Agricultural Research & Extension Center, 9240 South Riverbend Ave., Parlier, CA 93648
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8
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Mesguida O, Haidar R, Yacoub A, Dreux-Zigha A, Berthon JY, Guyoneaud R, Attard E, Rey P. Microbial Biological Control of Fungi Associated with Grapevine Trunk Diseases: A Review of Strain Diversity, Modes of Action, and Advantages and Limits of Current Strategies. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:638. [PMID: 37367574 DOI: 10.3390/jof9060638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are currently among the most important health challenges for viticulture in the world. Esca, Botryosphaeria dieback, and Eutypa dieback are the most current GTDs caused by fungi in mature vineyards. Their incidence has increased over the last two decades, mainly after the ban of sodium arsenate, carbendazim, and benomyl in the early 2000s. Since then, considerable efforts have been made to find alternative approaches to manage these diseases and limit their propagation. Biocontrol is a sustainable approach to fight against GTD-associated fungi and several microbiological control agents have been tested against at least one of the pathogens involved in these diseases. In this review, we provide an overview of the pathogens responsible, the various potential biocontrol microorganisms selected and used, and their origins, mechanisms of action, and efficiency in various experiments carried out in vitro, in greenhouses, and/or in vineyards. Lastly, we discuss the advantages and limitations of these approaches to protect grapevines against GTDs, as well as the future perspectives for their improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ouiza Mesguida
- E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 64000 Pau, France
- GreenCell: Biopôle Clermont-Limagne, 63360 Saint Beauzire, France
| | - Rana Haidar
- E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 64000 Pau, France
| | - Amira Yacoub
- E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 64000 Pau, France
| | | | | | - Rémy Guyoneaud
- E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 64000 Pau, France
| | - Eléonore Attard
- E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 64000 Pau, France
| | - Patrice Rey
- E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 64000 Pau, France
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9
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Ji T, Salotti I, Altieri V, Li M, Rossi V. Temperature-Dependent Growth and Spore Germination of Fungi Causing Grapevine Trunk Diseases: Quantitative Analysis of Literature Data. PLANT DISEASE 2023:PDIS09222249RE. [PMID: 36366834 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-09-22-2249-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are serious threats in all viticultural areas of the world, and their management is always complex and usually inadequate. Fragmented and inconsistent information on the epidemiology and environmental requirements of the causal fungi is among the reasons for poor disease control. Therefore, we conducted a quantitative analysis of literature data to determine the effects of temperature on mycelial growth and the effects of temperature and moisture duration on spore germination. Using the collected information, we then developed mathematical equations describing the response of mycelial growth to temperature, and the response of spore germination to temperature and moisture for the different species and disease syndromes. We considered 27 articles (selected from a total of 207 articles found through a systematic literature search) and 116 cases; these involved 43 fungal species belonging to three disease syndromes. The mycelial growth of the fungi causing Botryosphaeria dieback (BD) and the esca complex (EC) responded similarly to temperature, and preferred higher temperatures than those causing Eutypa dieback (ED) (with optimal temperature of 25.3, 26.5, and 23.3°C, respectively). At any temperature, the minimal duration of the moist period required for 50% spore germination was shorter for BD (3.0 h) than for EC (17.2 h) or ED (15.5 h). Mathematical equations were developed accounting for temperature-moisture relationships of GTD fungi, which showed concordance correlation coefficients ≥0.888; such equations should be useful for reducing the risk of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ji
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production (DI.PRO.VES.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Irene Salotti
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production (DI.PRO.VES.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Valeria Altieri
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production (DI.PRO.VES.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Ming Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture (NERCITA) and Information Technology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Vittorio Rossi
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production (DI.PRO.VES.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
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10
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Rathnayaka AR, Chethana KWT, Phillips AJL, Liu JK, Samarakoon MC, Jones EBG, Karunarathna SC, Zhao CL. Re-Evaluating Botryosphaeriales: Ancestral State Reconstructions of Selected Characters and Evolution of Nutritional Modes. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:184. [PMID: 36836299 PMCID: PMC9961722 DOI: 10.3390/jof9020184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Botryosphaeriales (Dothideomycetes, Ascomycota) occur in a wide range of habitats as endophytes, saprobes, and pathogens. The order Botryosphaeriales has not been subjected to evaluation since 2019 by Phillips and co-authors using phylogenetic and evolutionary analyses. Subsequently, many studies introduced novel taxa into the order and revised several families separately. In addition, no ancestral character studies have been conducted for this order. Therefore, in this study, we re-evaluated the character evolution and taxonomic placements of Botryosphaeriales species based on ancestral character evolution, divergence time estimation, and phylogenetic relationships, including all the novel taxa that have been introduced so far. Maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony, and Bayesian inference analyses were conducted on a combined LSU and ITS sequence alignment. Ancestral state reconstruction was carried out for conidial colour, septation, and nutritional mode. Divergence times estimates revealed that Botryosphaeriales originated around 109 Mya in the early epoch of the Cretaceous period. All six families in Botryosphaeriales evolved in the late epoch of the Cretaceous period (66-100 Mya), during which Angiosperms also appeared, rapidly diversified and became dominant on land. Families of Botryosphaeriales diversified during the Paleogene and Neogene periods in the Cenozoic era. The order comprises the families Aplosporellaceae, Botryosphaeriaceae, Melanopsaceae, Phyllostictaceae, Planistromellaceae and Saccharataceae. Furthermore, current study assessed two hypotheses; the first one being "All Botryosphaeriales species originated as endophytes and then switched into saprobes when their hosts died or into pathogens when their hosts were under stress"; the second hypothesis states that "There is a link between the conidial colour and nutritional mode in botryosphaerialean taxa". Ancestral state reconstruction and nutritional mode analyses revealed a pathogenic/saprobic nutritional mode as the ancestral character. However, we could not provide strong evidence for the first hypothesis mainly due to the significantly low number of studies reporting the endophytic botryosphaerialean taxa. Results also showed that hyaline and aseptate conidia were ancestral characters in Botryosphaeriales and supported the relationship between conidial pigmentation and the pathogenicity of Botryosphaeriales species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achala R. Rathnayaka
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- Department of Plant Medicine, National Chiayi University, 300 Syuefu Road, Chiayi City 60004, Taiwan
| | - K. W. Thilini Chethana
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Alan J. L. Phillips
- Faculdade de Ciências, Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jian-Kui Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Milan C. Samarakoon
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - E. B. Gareth Jones
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samantha C. Karunarathna
- Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China
| | - Chang-Lin Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
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11
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El-Ganainy SM, Ismail AM, Iqbal Z, Elshewy ES, Alhudaib KA, Almaghasla MI, Magistà D. Diversity among Lasiodiplodia Species Causing Dieback, Root Rot and Leaf Spot on Fruit Trees in Egypt, and a Description of Lasiodiplodia newvalleyensis sp. nov. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8111203. [PMID: 36422024 PMCID: PMC9694705 DOI: 10.3390/jof8111203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lasiodiplodia (family Botryosphaeriaceae) is a widely distributed fungal genus that causes a variety of diseases in tropical and subtropical regions. During 2020−2021, a routine survey of fruit tree plants was conducted in five Egyptian Governorates, and fresh samples exhibiting dieback, decline, leaf spot and root rot symptoms were collected. Collection from eight different symptomatic leaves, twigs, branches and roots of fruit trees yielded 18 Lasiodiplodia-like isolates. The sequencing data from the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), partial translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1-a) and β-tubulin (tub2) were used to infer phylogenetic relationships with known Lasiodiplodia species. Two isolates obtained from black necrotic lesions on Phoenix dactylifera leaves were identified as a putative novel species, L. newvalleyensis sp. nov., and were thus subjected to further morphological characterization. The results of isolation and molecular characterization revealed that L. theobromae (n = 9) was the most common species on Mangifera indica, Citrus reticulata, C. sinensis, Ficus carica, Prunus persica, Prunus armeniaca and Pyrus communis trees. Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae (n = 5) was isolated from M. indica, Prunus persica and C. sinensis. Lasiodiplodia laeliocattleyae (n = 2) was isolated from C. reticulata. Pathogenicity test results suggested that all Lasiodiplodia species were pathogenic to their hosts. The present study is considered the first to characterize and decipher the diversity of Lasiodiplodia species associated with fruit trees in Egypt, using the multi-locus ITS, tef1-a and tub2 sequence data, along with morphological and pathogenic trials. To our knowledge, this is the first report of L. newvalleyensis on Phoenix dactylifera and L. laeliocattleya on C. reticulata in Egypt and worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif Mohamed El-Ganainy
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 420, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Plant Pests, and Diseases Unit, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 420, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Vegetable Diseases Research Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza 12619, Egypt
- Correspondence: (S.M.E.-G.); (A.M.I.)
| | - Ahmed Mahmoud Ismail
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 420, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Plant Pests, and Diseases Unit, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 420, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Vegetable Diseases Research Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza 12619, Egypt
- Correspondence: (S.M.E.-G.); (A.M.I.)
| | - Zafar Iqbal
- Central Laboratories, King Faisal University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Said Elshewy
- Vegetable Diseases Research Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza 12619, Egypt
| | - Khalid A. Alhudaib
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 420, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Plant Pests, and Diseases Unit, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 420, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustafa I. Almaghasla
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 420, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Plant Pests, and Diseases Unit, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 420, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Donato Magistà
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari A. Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), 70126 Bari, Italy
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12
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Mohankumar V, Dann EK, Akinsanmi OA. Diversity and Pathogenicity of Botryosphaeriaceae Associated with Macadamia Branch Dieback in Australia. PLANT DISEASE 2022; 106:2576-2582. [PMID: 35171638 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-10-21-2125-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Botryosphaeria branch dieback is a serious disease of macadamia in Australia, but its etiology has not been clearly defined, which limits effective disease control. Therefore, this study examined whether the causal agents of branch dieback in commercial macadamia orchards in five agroecological regions in Australia are similar in prevalence and aggressiveness. The identity of the causal agents was determined using conventional culturing techniques and DNA sequencing that targets the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1α), β-tubulin (tub2), and DNA-directed RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2) gene loci. The pathogenic variation of the isolates, relative to the source (region and host plant part), was examined using in vivo and in planta assays. Lasiodiplodia and Neofusicoccum were the dominant fungal genera obtained from surveys of 59 macadamia orchards across the agroecological regions. Phylogenetic analysis of 52 representative isolates identified four putative novel Lasiodiplodia clades, with three other Lasiodiplodia spp. (Lasiodiplodia iraniensis, L. pseudotheobromae, and L. theobromae) and three Neofusicoccum spp. (Neofusicoccum luteum, N. mangroviorum, and N. parvum) from macadamia. L. pseudotheobromae that constituted 40% of the isolates from symptomatic tissues was the most prevalent in all the regions. Both the in vivo and in planta pathogenicity assays revealed that all isolates of the Botryosphaeriaceae, except N. mangroviorum, were pathogenic to macadamia. L. theobromae, N. luteum, and L. iraniensis were the most aggressive species causing dieback symptoms in macadamia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vheena Mohankumar
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Centre for Horticultural Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Elizabeth K Dann
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Centre for Horticultural Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Olufemi A Akinsanmi
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Centre for Horticultural Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
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13
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Peng J, Li X, Li Y, Zhang W, Zhou Y, Yan J. Lasiodiplodia theobromae protein LtScp1 contributes to fungal virulence and protects fungal mycelia against hydrolysis by grapevine chitinase. Environ Microbiol 2022; 24:4670-4683. [PMID: 36054544 PMCID: PMC9804331 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The LysM proteins have been reported to be important for the virulence and host immunity suppression in herbaceous plant pathogens, whereas far less information is documented in the woody plant pathogen Lasiodiplodia theobromae. To investigate the functional mechanism of LysM protein in L. theobromae, one gene LtScp1 was cloned and characterized detailedly in the current study. Transcription profiling revealed that LtScp1 was highly expressed at the infectious stages. Compared to wild type, overexpression and silencing of LtScp1 in L. theobromae led to significantly increased and decreased lesion areas, respectively. Moreover, LtScp1 was determined to be a secreted protein via a yeast signal peptide trapping system. Interestingly, LtScp1 was confirmed to be modified by the N-glycosylation, which is necessary for the homodimerization of LtScp1 molecules. Furthermore, it was found that LtScp1 interacted with the grapevine chitinase VvChi4 and interfered the ability of VvChi4 to bind chitin. Collectively, these results suggest that LtScp1 functions as a virulence factor to protect the fungus from degradation during the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbo Peng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North ChinaInstitute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xinghong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North ChinaInstitute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yonghua Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North ChinaInstitute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Wei Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North ChinaInstitute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Ying Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North ChinaInstitute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jiye Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North ChinaInstitute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijingChina
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14
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Wallis CM, Gorman Z, Galarneau ERA, Baumgartner K. Mixed infections of fungal trunk pathogens and induced systemic phenolic compound production in grapevines. FRONTIERS IN FUNGAL BIOLOGY 2022; 3:1001143. [PMID: 37746162 PMCID: PMC10512385 DOI: 10.3389/ffunb.2022.1001143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
As grapevines mature in California vineyards they accumulate chronic wood infections by the Ascomycete fungi that cause trunk diseases, including Botryosphaeria dieback (caused by Diplodia seriata and Neofusicoccum parvum) and Esca (caused by Phaeomoniella chlamydospora). It is thought that such mixed infections become localized to separate internal lesions/cankers of the permanent, woody structure of an individual vine, but nonetheless the fungi all colonize the same vascular system. In response to infection by one pathogen, the host may initiate systemic biochemical changes, which in turn may affect the extent of subsequent infections by other pathogens. To test this hypothesis, we measured changes in phenolic compounds in the wood and lesion lengths of the pathogens, during sequential co-inoculations with different or identical pair-wise sequences of infection by D. seriata, N. parvum, or P. chlamydospora. Prior fungal infections only affected the development of subsequent D. seriata infections. Effects of fungal infections on phenolic compounds were variable, yet initial infection by D. seriata was associated with significantly higher concentrations of most phenolic compounds distally, compared to all other initial inoculation treatments. It was hypothesized that pre-existing phenolic levels can slow initial lesion development of fungal trunk pathogens, especially for D. seriata, but over time the pathogens appeared to overcome or neutralize phenolic compounds and grow unimpeded. These results demonstrate that effects of one fungal trunk pathogen infection is generally unable to distally affect another long-term, albeit shifts in host phenolics and other plant defenses do occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M. Wallis
- Crop Diseases, Pest and Genetics Research Unit, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)-Agricultural Research Service, Parlier, CA, United States
| | - Zachary Gorman
- Crop Diseases, Pest and Genetics Research Unit, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)-Agricultural Research Service, Parlier, CA, United States
| | - Erin R. -A. Galarneau
- Plant Genetics Resources Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Geneva, NY, United States
| | - Kendra Baumgartner
- Crops Pathology and Genetics Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Davis, CA, United States
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15
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Fungal Grapevine Trunk Diseases in Romanian Vineyards in the Context of the International Situation. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11091006. [PMID: 36145437 PMCID: PMC9503734 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11091006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitis vinifera, known as the common grape vine, represents one of the most important fruit crops in the world. Romania is a wine-producing country with a rich and long tradition in viticulture. In the last decade, increasing reports of damage caused by grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) have raised concerns in all wine producing countries. Up to now, no study was performed regarding the GTDs situation in Romania, an important grapevine grower in Europe. In this study, we aim, after a comprehensive presentation of the fungal GTDs worldwide, to review the scientific information related to these diseases in Romania in order to open a national platform in an international framework. In order to achieve this, we consulted over 500 references from different scientific databases and cited 309 of them. Our review concludes that, in Romania, there is little amount of available literature on this matter. Three out of six fungal GTDs are reported and well documented in all of the Romanian viticultural zones (except for viticultural zone 4). These are Eutypa dieback, Phomopsis dieback, and Esca disease. Of the fungal pathogens considered responsible Eutypa lata, Phomopsis viticola and Stereum hirsutum are the most studied and well documented in Romania. Management measures are quite limited, and they mostly include preventive measures to stop the GTDs spread and the removal of affected grapevines.
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16
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Zhao L, Sun W, Zhao L, Zhang L, Yin Y, Zhang Y. Neofusicoccum vaccinii: A Novel Species Causing Stem Blight and Dieback of Blueberries in China. PLANT DISEASE 2022; 106:2338-2347. [PMID: 35100841 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-09-21-2068-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Blueberries (Vaccinium spp.) have been considered to be a superfood because of their health benefits. Stem blight or dieback of blueberry has been frequently observed in commercial plantations, with incidences between 15 and 30% being observed in China. The causal agents of blueberry stem blight and dieback were surveyed at four commercial blueberry plantations in the Shandong, Fujian, Guizhou, and Yunnan Provinces of China during 2017 and 2019. Twenty-eight isolates of Neofusicoccum were obtained from 75 diseased and dead stem samples. Two taxa were identified. Of these, one novel species, Neofusicoccum vaccinii, was identified based on morphological characteristics and DNA sequence analysis of the concatenated internal transcribed spacer, the translation elongation factor-1α gene, and the beta-tubulin gene. Koch's postulates tests indicated that N. vaccinii was pathogenic toward blueberry. N. parvum is the other species isolated in this study. The optimal temperature for mycelial growth was 30°C for both N. vaccinii and N. parvum. N. vaccinii, however, was more virulent than N. parvum in this study at temperatures ranging from 25 to 30°C. Coinoculation of N. vaccinii and N. parvum did not lead to increased disease severity. On the contrary, the aggressiveness of N. vaccinii was suppressed by the presence of N. parvum at 25 to 35°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhao
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Sun
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueqi Yin
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
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17
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An NmrA-Like Protein, Lws1, Is Important for Pathogenesis in the Woody Plant Pathogen Lasiodiplodia theobromae. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11172197. [PMID: 36079578 PMCID: PMC9460803 DOI: 10.3390/plants11172197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The NmrA-like proteins have been reported to be important nitrogen metabolism regulators and virulence factors in herbaceous plant pathogens. However, their role in the woody plant pathogen Lasiodiplodia theobromae is less clear. In the current study, we identified a putative NmrA-like protein, Lws1, in L. theobromae and investigated its pathogenic role via gene silencing and overexpression experiments. We also evaluated the effects of external carbon and nitrogen sources on Lws1 gene expression via qRT-PCR assays. Moreover, we analyzed the molecular interaction between Lws1 and its target protein via the yeast two-hybrid system. The results show that Lws1 contained a canonical glycine-rich motif shared by the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) superfamily proteins and functioned as a negative regulator during disease development. Transcription profiling revealed that the transcription of Lws1 was affected by external nitrogen and carbon sources. Interaction analyses demonstrated that Lws1 interacted with a putative GATA family transcription factor, LtAreA. In conclusion, these results suggest that Lws1 serves as a critical regulator in nutrition metabolism and disease development during infection.
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18
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Comparative transcriptomics unravels new genes imparting scab resistance in apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.). Funct Integr Genomics 2022; 22:1315-1330. [PMID: 35931837 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-022-00889-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Apple scab is caused by an ascomycete fungus, Venturia inaequalis (Cke.) Wint., which is one of the most severe disease of apple (Malus × Domestica Borkh.) worldwide. The disease results in 30-40% fruit loss annually and even complete loss in some places. Owing to the evolving susceptibility of resistant apple genotypes harboring R-genes to new variants of V. inaequalis, a comparative transcriptome analysis using Illumina (HiSeq) platform of three scab-resistant (Florina, Prima, and White Dotted Red) and three susceptible (Ambri, Vista Bella, and Red Delicious) apple genotypes was carried out to mine new scab resistance genes. The study led to the identification of 822 differentially expressed genes in the tested scab-resistant and scab-susceptible apple genotypes. The most upregulated genes uniformly expressed in resistant varieties compared to susceptible ones were those coding for 17.3 kDa class II heat shock protein-like, chaperone protein ClpB1, glutathione S-transferase L3-like protein, B3 domain-containing protein At3g18960-like, transcription factor bHLH7, zinc finger MYM-type protein 1-like, and nine uncharacterized proteins, besides three lncRNAs. The genes that were downregulated in susceptible and upregulated in resistant cultivars were those coding for non-specific lipid transfer protein GPI-anchored 1, rust resistance kinase Lr10-like, disease resistance protein RPS6-like, and many uncharacterized proteins. DESeq2 analysis too revealed 20 DEGs that were upregulated in scab-resistant cultivars. Furthermore, a total of 361 genes were significantly upregulated in scab-susceptible variety, while 461 were found downregulated (P value < 0.05 and Log2 (FC) > 1). The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were related to various pathways, i.e., metabolic, protein processing, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, plant hormone signal transduction, autophagy, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, plant-pathogen interaction, lipid metabolism, and protein modification pathways. Real-time expression of a set of selected twelve DEGs further validated the results obtained from RNA-seq. Overall, these findings lay the foundation for investigating the genetic basis of apple scab resistance and defense pathways that might have a plausible role in governing scab resistance in apple against V. inaequalis.
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Stilbocrea banihashemiana sp. nov. a New Fungal Pathogen Causing Stem Cankers and Twig Dieback of Fruit Trees. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8070694. [PMID: 35887450 PMCID: PMC9319130 DOI: 10.3390/jof8070694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cankers and twig dieback were the most serious disease of fig (Ficus carica) and loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) noticed in a survey of fruit tree orchards in the Fars Province, Iran. Isolates of Bionectriaceae were consistently recovered from symptomatic fig and loquat trees. Phylogenetic analyses of multiple nuclear loci, internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS) of rDNA, RNA polymerase II subunit 2 (rpb2), and translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1), combined with morphological observations, revealed that isolates could be referred to a still unknown taxon, which was formally described as Stilbocrea banihashemiana sp. nov. Phylogenetically, isolates from fig and loquat trees clustered in a well-supported monophyletic group within the Stilbocrea clade of Bionectriaceae, closely related to S. walteri. Stilbocrea banihashemiana sp. nov. was characterized by the lack of stilbella-like asexual structure in both natural substrates and pure cultures and produced two morphologically distinct types of conidia, globose and cylindrical, formed on short and long simple phialides. In pathogenicity tests, S. banihashemiana sp. nov. induced stem cankers in both fig and loquat, wood discoloration in fig and twig dieback in loquat. Pathogenicity tests also showed that the potential host range of this novel pathogen includes other economically relevant horticultural trees.
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DeKrey DH, Klodd AE, Clark MD, Blanchette RA. Grapevine trunk diseases of cold-hardy varieties grown in Northern Midwest vineyards coincide with canker fungi and winter injury. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269555. [PMID: 35657987 PMCID: PMC9165834 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Grapevine trunk diseases make up a disease complex associated with several vascular fungal pathogenic species. Surveys to characterize the composition of grapevine trunk diseases have been conducted for most major grape growing regions of the world. This study presents a similar survey characterizing the fungi associated with grapevine trunk diseases of cold-hardy interspecific hybrid grape varieties grown nearly exclusively in the atypical harsh winter climate of Northern Midwestern United states vineyards. From the 172 samples collected in 2019, 640 isolates obtained by culturing were identified by ITS sequencing and represent 420 sample-unique taxa. From the 420 representative taxa, opportunistic fungi of the order Diaporthales including species of Cytospora and Diaporthe were most frequently identified. Species of Phaeoacremonium, Paraconiothyrium, and Cadophora were also prevalent. In other milder Mediterranean growing climates, species of Xylariales and Botryosphaeriales are often frequently isolated but in this study they were isolated in small numbers. No Phaeomoniellales taxa were isolated. We discuss the possible compounding effects of winter injury, the pathogens isolated, and management strategies. Additionally, difficulties in researching and understanding the grapevine trunk disease complex are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H. DeKrey
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Annie E. Klodd
- University of Minnesota Extension, Farmington, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Matthew D. Clark
- Department of Horticultural Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Robert A. Blanchette
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
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Reis P, Gaspar A, Alves A, Fontaine F, Rego C. Response of Different Grapevine Cultivars to Infection by Lasiodiplodia theobromae and Lasiodiplodia mediterranea. PLANT DISEASE 2022; 106:1350-1357. [PMID: 34879730 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-05-21-0941-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Botryosphaeria dieback is a grapevine trunk disease that affects all viticulture regions of the world. Species of the genus Lasiodiplodia have been reported as pathogenic toward grapevine in several growing regions and have also been previously reported from Portuguese vineyards. Species in this genus, particularly Lasiodiplodia theobromae, have been reported in previous studies to be more aggressive than other Botryosphaeriaceae species most commonly associated with Botryosphaeria dieback. The aim of this study was to assess the response of some of the more representative cultivars planted throughout Portuguese vineyards, 'Touriga Nacional,' 'Touriga Franca,' 'Alvarinho,' 'Aragonez' (= 'Tempranillo'), and 'Cabernet Sauvignon,' by performing artificial inoculations with Lasiodiplodia spp. collected in different geographic locations worldwide. Two experiments, one that involved inoculating 2-year-old grapevines kept in greenhouse-controlled conditions with six isolates of L. theobromae and one isolate of L. mediterranea and one that involved inoculating 7-year-old field-grown grapevines with two isolates of L. theobromae, were conducted twice. We assessed the response of the cultivars by evaluating the length of lesions caused by the isolates 5 months after inoculation. The results showed that all isolates studied were able to infect the annual shoots because they were always reisolated and produced internal wood discoloration. Significant differences were found for all isolate-cultivar combinations. In both experiments, Touriga Nacional showed the largest lesions and while Aragonez recorded the smallest lesions of the cultivars inoculated with Lasiodiplodia spp. In general, Portuguese isolates were more aggressive than those from Peru, which were mildly aggressive. These results are a first insight into the response of selected Portuguese cultivars to Lasiodiplodia species, which are present in Portugal but not commonly associated with Botryosphaeria dieback. This research contributes to our knowledge of the impact that Botryosphaeria dieback causal agents have on crucial national cultivars, which may help winegrowers not only manage current cultural practices but also optimize decision making when planning new vineyards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Reis
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Gaspar
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Artur Alves
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Florence Fontaine
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes EA 4707, USC INRAE 1488, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, BP 1039, 51687 Reims, Cedex 2, France
| | - Cecília Rego
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
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Gramaje D, Eichmeier A, Spetik M, Carbone MJ, Bujanda R, Vallance J, Rey P. Exploring the Temporal Dynamics of the Fungal Microbiome in Rootstocks, the Lesser-Known Half of the Grapevine Crop. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8050421. [PMID: 35628677 PMCID: PMC9144578 DOI: 10.3390/jof8050421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rootstocks are the link between the soil and scion in grapevines, can provide tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses, and regulate yield and grape quality. The vascular system of grapevine rootstocks in nurseries is still an underexplored niche for research, despite its potential for hosting beneficial and pathogenic microorganisms. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in the composition of fungal communities in 110 Richter and 41 Berlandieri rootstocks at four stages of the grapevine propagation process. Taxonomic analysis revealed that the fungal community predominantly consisted of phylum Ascomycota in all stages of the propagation process. The alpha-diversity of fungal communities differed among sampling times for both rootstocks, with richness and fungal diversity in the vascular system decreasing through the propagation process. The core microbiome was composed of the genera Cadophora, Cladosporium, Penicillium and Alternaria in both rootstocks, while the pathogenic genus Neofusicoccum was identified as a persistent taxon throughout the propagation process. FUNguild analysis showed that the relative abundance of plant pathogens associated with trunk diseases increased towards the last stage in nurseries. Fungal communities in the vascular system of grapevine rootstocks differed between the different stages of the propagation process in nurseries. Numerous genera associated with potential biocontrol activity and grapevine trunk diseases were identified. Understanding the large diversity of fungi in the rootstock vascular tissue and the interactions between fungal microbiota and grapevine will help to develop sustainable strategies for grapevine protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gramaje
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (ICVV), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de la Rioja, Gobierno de La Rioja, Ctra. LO-20 Salida 13, Finca La Grajera, 26071 Logroño, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| | - Aleš Eichmeier
- Faculty of Horticulture, Mendeleum—Institute of Genetics, Mendel University in Brno, Valticka 334, 69144 Lednice, Czech Republic; (A.E.); (M.S.)
| | - Milan Spetik
- Faculty of Horticulture, Mendeleum—Institute of Genetics, Mendel University in Brno, Valticka 334, 69144 Lednice, Czech Republic; (A.E.); (M.S.)
| | - María Julia Carbone
- Departamento de Protección Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 12900, Uruguay;
| | - Rebeca Bujanda
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (ICVV), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de la Rioja, Gobierno de La Rioja, Ctra. LO-20 Salida 13, Finca La Grajera, 26071 Logroño, Spain;
| | - Jessica Vallance
- Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, ISVV, SAVE, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (J.V.); (P.R.)
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, UMR 1065 SAVE, 33175 Gradignan, France
| | - Patrice Rey
- Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, ISVV, SAVE, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (J.V.); (P.R.)
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, UMR 1065 SAVE, 33175 Gradignan, France
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physicochimie pour l‘Environnement et les Matériaux—UMR 5254, Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IBEAS Avenue de l’Université, 64013 Pau, France
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Makris G, Solonos S, Christodoulou M, Kanetis LI. First Report of Diaporthe foeniculina Associated with Grapevine Trunk Diseases on Vitis vinifera in Cyprus. PLANT DISEASE 2022; 106:1294. [PMID: 34645312 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-03-21-0503-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Makris
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, 3036 Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Solonas Solonos
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, 3036 Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Marios Christodoulou
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, 3036 Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Loukas I Kanetis
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, 3036 Limassol, Cyprus
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Díaz GA, Valdez A, Halleen F, Ferrada E, Lolas M, Latorre BA. Characterization and Pathogenicity of Diplodia, Lasiodiplodia, and Neofusicoccum Species Causing Botryosphaeria Canker and Dieback of Apple Trees in Central Chile. PLANT DISEASE 2022; 106:925-937. [PMID: 34664980 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-21-1291-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the number of apple trees affected by Botryosphaeria cankers and dieback has considerably increased in central Chile. This study aimed to identify the species of Botryosphaeriaceae associated with canker and dieback symptoms, estimate disease incidence and distributions, and study their pathogenicity and virulence on apple and other fruit crops. A field survey of 34 commercial orchards of apple (7 to 30 years old) was conducted in 16 localities, obtaining 270 symptomatic branch and trunk samples in 2017 and 2018 growing seasons. The incidence of Botryosphaeria canker and dieback ranged between 5 and 40%, and a total of 255 isolates of Botryosphaeriaceae spp. were obtained from 238 cankers. Morphological identification along with phylogenetic studies of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) of the rDNA, part of the translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1-α), and part of the β-tubulin (tub2) genes allowed us to identify Diplodia mutila (n = 49 isolates), D. seriata (n = 136 isolates), Lasiodiplodia theobromae (n = 16 isolates), and Neofusicoccum arbuti (n = 54 isolates). L. theobromae was isolated mainly from apple dieback from northern localities. All pathogens tested were pathogenic, causing canker and dieback symptoms on lignified twigs of apple, pear, walnut, and green grapevine shoots in the field. Isolates of N. arbuti were the most virulent, reproducing more severe cankers on the lignified tissues inoculated. This study reports, for the first time, D. mutila and L. theobromae associated with Botryosphaeria canker and dieback in Chile, and it is the first description of N. arbuti causing apple dieback worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo A Díaz
- Laboratorio de Patología Frutal, Departamento de Producción Agrícola, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Adrían Valdez
- Laboratorio de Patología Frutal, Departamento de Producción Agrícola, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Francois Halleen
- Plant Protection Division, ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Enrique Ferrada
- Laboratorio de Fitopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Instituto de Producción y Sanidad Vegetal, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Mauricio Lolas
- Laboratorio de Patología Frutal, Departamento de Producción Agrícola, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Bernardo A Latorre
- Departamento de Fruticultura y Enología, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Identification of Fungi in the Botryosphaeriaceae Family Associated with Stem Blight of Vaccinium spp. in the Southeastern United States. Fungal Biol 2022; 126:342-355. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Suwannarach N, Khuna S, Kumla J, Cheewangkoon R, Suttiprapan P, Lumyong S. Morphology Characterization, Molecular Identification, and Pathogenicity of Fungal Pathogen Causing Kaffir Lime Leaf Blight in Northern Thailand. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:273. [PMID: 35161253 PMCID: PMC8838810 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Thailand is known to be the largest producer of kaffir lime leaf products in the global market. In 2021, leaf blight was found on kaffir lime plants (Citrus hystrix DC.) in Lamphun Province of northern Thailand. This disease has been associated with significant economic losses. However, there have been no prior reports of leaf blight on kaffir lime plants in Thailand or anywhere else in the world. In this study, causal fungi were isolated from lesions of kaffir lime plants and a total of three fungal isolates were obtained. All causal fungi were identified as Lasiodiplodia chinensis based on morphological characteristics and the phylogenetic analysis of combined sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of ribosomal DNA, the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef-1), β-tubulin (tub), and RNA polymerase II subunit (rbp2) genes. Pathogenicity tests were conducted and the results revealed that all isolated fungi caused symptoms of leaf blight on inoculated leaves. This outcome was similar to symptoms that naturally occur and have been observed in the field. This is the first report on kaffir lime leaf blight caused by L. chinensis. Our study will provide information of high value for the development of effective strategies for the monitoring and prevention of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nakarin Suwannarach
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.K.); (J.K.); (R.C.); (P.S.); (S.L.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Surapong Khuna
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.K.); (J.K.); (R.C.); (P.S.); (S.L.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Jaturong Kumla
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.K.); (J.K.); (R.C.); (P.S.); (S.L.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Ratchadawan Cheewangkoon
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.K.); (J.K.); (R.C.); (P.S.); (S.L.)
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Piyawan Suttiprapan
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.K.); (J.K.); (R.C.); (P.S.); (S.L.)
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Saisamorn Lumyong
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.K.); (J.K.); (R.C.); (P.S.); (S.L.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok 10300, Thailand
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Peng J, Wu L, Zhang W, Zhang Q, Xing Q, Wang X, Li X, Yan J. Systemic Identification and Functional Characterization of Common in Fungal Extracellular Membrane Proteins in Lasiodiplodia theobromae. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:804696. [PMID: 34987541 PMCID: PMC8721227 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.804696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant pathogenic fungi deploy secreted proteins into apoplastic space or intracellular lumen to promote successful infections during plant-pathogen interactions. In the present study, fourteen CFEM domain-containing proteins were systemically identified in Lasiodiplodia theobromae and eight of them were functionally characterized. All eight proteins were confirmed to be secreted into extracellular space by a yeast signal peptide trapping system. The transcriptional levels of most CFEM genes, except for LtCFEM2 and LtCFEM6, were significantly elevated during infection. In addition, almost all LtCFEM genes, apart from LtCFEM2, LtCFEM3, and LtCFEM6, were transcriptionally up-regulated at 35°C in contrast to that at 25°C and 30°C. As two elicitors, LtCFEM1 induced local yellowish phenotype and LtCFEM4 triggered cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. Furthermore, these proteins displayed distinct subcellular localizations when expressed transiently in N. benthamiana. Moreover, two genes, LtCFEM7 and LtCFEM8, were found to be spliced alternatively by RT-PCR and sequencing. Therefore, our data suggest that LtCFEM proteins play important roles in multiple aspects, including pathogenicity and plant immune response, which will enhance our understanding of the sophisticated pathogenic mechanisms of plant opportunistic pathogen L. theobromae.
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Arkam M, Alves A, Lopes A, Čechová J, Pokluda R, Eichmeier A, Zitouni A, Mahamedi AE, Berraf-Tebbal A. Diversity of Botryosphaeriaceae causing grapevine trunk diseases and their spatial distribution under different climatic conditions in Algeria. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY 2021; 161:933-952. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1007/s10658-021-02377-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Zhuang CJ, Wang QW, Wu QQ, Qiu ZL, Xu BC, Zhang CQ. Diversity of Botryosphaeriaceae Species Associated with Chinese Hickory Tree ( Carya cathayensis) Trunk Cankers. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:3869-3879. [PMID: 34213972 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-02-21-0289-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Tree trunk cankers represent serious fungal diseases that pose significant threats to Chinese hickory trees (Carya cathayensis). To characterize the pathogen diversity associated with this disease, tissues were collected between 2016 and 2018 from the primary Chinese hickory plantation regions. A total of 97 cultures were isolated from trees in six towns (Longgang, Qingliangfeng, Changhua, Tuankou, Taiyang Town, and Lin'an urban area) within the Linan district, where 60% of Chinese hickory tree yields originate. The isolated cultures caused cankers on Chinese hickory tree branches, but infections did not occur on fruits or leaves under tested conditions. Combined morphological observations and phylogenetic analysis of multiple genes (ITS, β-tubulin, and EF) indicated that five Botryosphaeriaceae species were recovered, including 89 isolates of Botryosphaeria dothidea, 4 isolates of Botryosphaeriaceae fabicerciana, 1 isolate of Botryosphaeriaceae qingyuanensis, 1 isolate of Botryosphaeriaceae corticis, and two isolates of Lasiodiplodia theobromae. B. dothidea was the most prevalent, and this is the first report of B. corticis, B. qingyuanensis, and L. theobromae infections in Chinese hickory trees. We investigated the mycelial growth, spore germination, and pathogenicity of these species at different temperatures. L. theobromae grew the fastest and B. cortices grew the slowest on potato dextrose agar. The optimum temperature of spore germination for all species was 30°C. L. theobromae was the most virulent species, followed by B. dothidea and B. qingyuanensis, then B. fabicerciana, and finally B. cortices. These new insights into fungal pathogen diversity provide critical new information to understand and manage tree trunk cankers of Chinese hickory.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Zhuang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forest University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Q W Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forest University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Q Q Wu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forest University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Z L Qiu
- Linan District Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Linan 311300, China
| | - B C Xu
- Linan District Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Linan 311300, China
| | - C Q Zhang
- Department of Crop Protection, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forest University, Hangzhou 311300, China
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Reis P, Gaspar A, Alves A, Fontaine F, Rego C. Combining an HA + Cu (II) Site-Targeted Copper-Based Product with a Pruning Wound Protection Program to Prevent Infection with Lasiodiplodia spp. in Grapevine. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:2376. [PMID: 34834739 PMCID: PMC8625631 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The genus Lasiodiplodia has been reported from several grape growing regions and is considered as one of the fastest wood colonizers, causing Botryosphaeria dieback. The aim of this study was to (i) evaluate the efficacy of Esquive®, a biocontrol agent, on vineyard pruning wound protection, applied single or, in a combined protection strategy with a new site-targeted copper-based treatment (LC2017), and (ii) compare their efficacy with chemical protection provided by the commercially available product, Tessior®. For two seasons, protectants were applied onto pruning wounds, while LC2017 was applied throughout the season according to the manufacturer's instructions. Pruning wounds of two different cultivars were inoculated with three isolates of Lasiodiplodia spp. Efficacy of the wound protectants, varied between both years of the assay and according to the cultivar studied but were able to control the pathogen to some extent. The application of LC2017 did not show clear evidence of improving the control obtained by the sole application of the other products tested. Nevertheless, LC2017 showed a fungistatic effect against Lasiodiplodia spp., in vitro, and has previously shown an elicitor effect against grapevine trunk diseases. Therefore, this combination of two protection strategies may constitute a promising long-term approach to mitigate the impact of Botryosphaeria dieback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Reis
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food-Research Center, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.G.); (C.R.)
| | - Ana Gaspar
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food-Research Center, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.G.); (C.R.)
| | - Artur Alves
- CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Florence Fontaine
- SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes EA 4707, BP 1039, CEDEX 2, 51687 Reims, France;
| | - Cecília Rego
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food-Research Center, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.G.); (C.R.)
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van der Merwe R, Halleen F, van Dyk M, Jacobs VG, Mostert L. Occurrence of Canker and Wood Rot Pathogens on Stone Fruit Propagation Material and Nursery Trees in the Western Cape of South Africa. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:3586-3599. [PMID: 33944583 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-10-20-2124-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Dieback and canker of young stone fruit trees can cause suboptimal growth and even death under severe conditions. One source of inoculum of canker pathogens could be through nursery trees harboring latent infections that would not be visible to inspections done according to the deciduous fruit scheme. The objectives of this study were to identify the canker and wood rot fungal pathogens present in nursery stone fruit trees as well as in propagation material and to evaluate their pathogenicity. Isolations were made from scion and rootstock propagation material and from certified nursery stone fruit trees. The plant material sampled did not have any external symptoms. The certified nursery trees when cross-sectioned displayed brown discoloration from the pruning wound, the bud union, and often the crown. Fungal species isolated were identified by sequencing of the relevant barcoding genes and phylogenetic analyses thereof. Canker- and wood rot-associated fungi were identified. Buds used for budding had low levels of infection, with 1.2% of dormant buds infected and 0.4% of green buds infected. The dormant rootstock shoots had a canker pathogen incidence of 6.2% before they were planted in the nursery fields and increased inasmuch as the ungrafted, rooted rootstock plants had 11.1% infection with canker and wood rot pathogens. Out of 1,080 nursery trees, the canker- and wood rot-associated fungi infected 21.8% of trees. The canker-causing pathogens that were isolated the most were Cadophora luteo-olivacea and Diplodia seriata. A low incidence of wood rot fungi was found, with only 1.5% of nursery trees infected. In total, 26 new reports of fungal species on stone fruit in South Africa were made. Of these, 22 have not been found on stone fruit worldwide. The pathogenicity trials' results confirmed the pathogenic status of these newly reported species. All of the isolates tested formed lesions significantly longer than the control, 4 months after wound inoculation of 2-year-old shoots of two plum orchards. Lasiodiplodia theobromae was the most virulent species on both plum cultivars. The results of this research showed that nursery stone fruit trees and propagation material can harbor latent infections. Different management practices need to be evaluated to prevent these infections to ensure healthier stone fruit nursery trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhona van der Merwe
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Francois Halleen
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland 7602, South Africa
- Plant Protection Division, ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbji, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa
| | - Meagan van Dyk
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Vernon Guy Jacobs
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Lizel Mostert
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland 7602, South Africa
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Biju CN, Jeevalatha A, Peeran MF, Bhai RS, Basima F, Nissar VAM, Srinivasan V, Thomas L. Association of Lasiodiplodia theobromae with die-back and decline of nutmeg as revealed through phenotypic, pathogenicity and phylogenetic analyses. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:422. [PMID: 34603922 PMCID: PMC8410934 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02961-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lasiodiplodia theobromae is a cosmopolitan pathogen geographically widespread in tropics and subtropics inciting economically important diseases on diverse plant genera. In the present study, Lasiodiplodia theobromae associated with nutmeg exhibiting die-back and declining symptoms was identified and characterized by adopting a polyphasic approach. The disease was characterized with the symptoms including general decline, water-soaking patches on branches and tree trunk, die-back of branches, necrotic lesions beneath water-soaked lesions and necrosis of vascular tissues. The isolates representing diverse nutmeg growing tracts were initially identified as Lasiodiplodia species based on macro- and micro-morphological characteristics. Subsequent analyses of internal transcribed spacer (ITS), partial elongation factor 1-alpha (EF1-α) and β-tubulin (β-tub) genes identified the pathogen as Lasiodiplodia theobromae. Pathogenicity studies were proved on nutmeg twigs and branches (in vitro) as well as on saplings (in vivo). The present investigation enunciated the association of Lasiodiplodia theobromae with die-back and decline of nutmeg employing a polyphasic approach which warrants further investigations on its spatio-temporal distribution, pathogen diversity, weather-host-pathogen interaction and formulating prospective disease management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. N. Biju
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Spices Research, Kozhikode, 673012 Kerala India
| | - A. Jeevalatha
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Spices Research, Kozhikode, 673012 Kerala India
| | - M. F. Peeran
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Spices Research, Kozhikode, 673012 Kerala India
| | - R. Suseela Bhai
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Spices Research, Kozhikode, 673012 Kerala India
| | - Fadla Basima
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Spices Research, Kozhikode, 673012 Kerala India
| | | | - V. Srinivasan
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Spices Research, Kozhikode, 673012 Kerala India
| | - Lijo Thomas
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Spices Research, Kozhikode, 673012 Kerala India
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Sun X, Wang Y, Pan B, Xu W, Zhang S. Transcriptome Analysis of Pear Leaves in Response to Calcium Treatment During Botryosphaeria dothidea Infection. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2021; 111:1638-1647. [PMID: 33471562 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-10-20-0458-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pear (Pyrus bretschneideri), one of the most widely planted fruit trees in the world, is infected by pear ring rot disease, which is triggered by Botryosphaeria dothidea. Previous research has shown that exogenous calcium enhanced pear resistance to B. dothidea. To explore the molecular mechanism of calcium in pear pathogen resistance, we searched the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between calcium and H2O treatment with B. dothidea inoculation in pear by using RNA-seq data. On the basis of the standard of a proportion of calcium/H2O fold change >2, and the false discovery rate (FDR) <0.05, 2,812 and 572 genes with significant differential expression were identified between the H2O and calcium treatments under B. dothidea inoculation at 2 days postinoculation (dpi) (D2) and 8 dpi (D8), respectively, indicating that significantly more genes in D2 responded to calcium treatment. Results of the gene annotation showed that DEGs were focused on plant-pathogen interactions, hormone signal transduction, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in D2. Moreover, transient silencing of PbrCML30 (pear calmodulin-like proteins 30), which had significantly higher expression in response to calcium than H2O treatments, conferred compromised resistance to B. dothidea. Exogenous calcium treatment slightly alleviated the symptoms of TRV2-PbrCML30 leaves compared with TRV2 leaves under inoculation, supporting its key role in pear resistance to B. dothidea. Overall, the information obtained in this study provides a possible mechanism of calcium in regulating pear resistance to B. dothidea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Sun
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Bisheng Pan
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wenyu Xu
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shaoling Zhang
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Zafri AS, Muhamad R, Wahab A, Mokhtar AS, Mohd Hata E. First Report of Leaf Blight on Parthenium hysterophorus Caused by Nigrospora sphaerica in Malaysia. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:3297. [PMID: 33829857 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-02-21-0411-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Weeds may act as inoculum reservoirs for fungal pathogens that could affect other economically important crops (Karimi et al. 2019). In February 2019, leaves of the ubiquitous invasive weed, Parthenium hysterophorus L. (parthenium weed) exhibiting symptom of blight were observed at Ladang Infoternak Sg. Siput (U), a state-owned livestock center in Perak, Malaysia. Symptoms appeared as irregularly shaped, brown-to-black necrotic lesions across the entire leaf visible from both surfaces, and frequently on the older leaves. The disease incidence was approximately 30% of 1,000 plants. Twenty symptomatic parthenium weed leaves were collected from several infested livestock feeding plots for pathogen isolation. The infected tissues were sectioned and surface-sterilized with 70% ethyl alcohol for 1 min, rinsed three times with sterile distilled water, transferred onto potato dextrose agar, and incubated at 25°C under continuous dark for 7 days. Microscopic observation revealed fungal colonies with similar characteristics. Mycelium was initially white and gradually changed to pale orange on the back of the plate but later turned black as sporulation began. Conidia were spherical or sub-spherical, single-celled, smooth-walled, 12 to 21 μm diameter (mean = 15.56 ± 0.42 μm, n= 30) and were borne on a hyaline vesicle. Based on morphological features, the fungus was preliminarily identified as Nigrospora sphaerica (Sacc) E. W. Mason (Wang et al. 2017). To confirm identity, molecular identification was conducted using isolate 1SS which was selected as a representative isolate from the 20 isolates obtained. Genomic DNA was extracted from mycelia using a SDS-based extraction method (Xia et al. 2019). Amplification of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region was conducted with universal primer ITS1/ITS4 (White et al. 1990; Úrbez-Torres et al. 2008). The amplicon served as a template for Sanger sequencing conducted at a commercial service provider (Apical Scientific, Malaysia). The generated sequence trace data was analyzed with BioEdit v7.2. From BLASTn analysis, the ITS sequence (GenBank accession number. MN339998) had at least 99% nucleotide identity to that of N. sphaerica (GenBank accession number. MK108917). Pathogenicity was confirmed by spraying the leaf surfaces of 12 healthy parthenium weed plants (2-months-old) with a conidial suspension (106 conidia per ml) collected from a 7 day-old culture. Another 12 plants served as a control treatment and received only sterile distilled water. Inoculation was done 2 h before sunset and the inoculated plants were covered with plastic bags for 24 h to promote conidial germination. All plants were maintained in a glasshouse (24 to 35°C) for the development of the disease. After 7 days, typical leaf blight symptoms developed on the inoculated plants consistent with the symptoms observed in the field. The pathogen was re-isolated from the diseased leaves and morphological identification revealed the same characteristics as the original isolate with 100% re-isolation frequency, thus, fulfilling Koch's postulates. All leaves of the control plants remained symptomless and the experiment was repeated twice. In Malaysia, the incidence of N. sphaerica as a plant pathogen has been recorded on several important crops such as watermelon and dragon fruit (Kee et al. 2019; Ismail and Abd Razak 2021). To our knowledge, this is the first report of leaf blight on P. hysterophorus caused by N. sphaerica from this country. This report justifies the significant potential of P. hysterophorus as an alternative weed host for the distribution of N. sphaerica. Acknowledgement This research was funded by Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM/GP-IPB/2017/9523402). References Ismail, S. I., and Abd Razak, N. F. 2021. Plant Dis. 105:488. Karimi, K., et al. 2019. Front Microbiol. 10:19. Kee, Y. J., et al. 2019. Crop Prot. 122:165. Úrbez-Torres, J. R., et al. 2008. Plant Dis. 92:519. Wang, M., et al. 2017. Persoonia 39:118. White, T. J. et al. 1990. Page 315 in: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. Xia, Y., et al. 2019. Biosci Rep. 39:BSR20182271.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azim Syahmi Zafri
- Universiti Putra Malaysia Faculty of Agriculture, 119196, Department of Plant Protection, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Rita Muhamad
- Universiti Putra Malaysia Faculty of Agriculture, 119196, Department of Plant Protection, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Aswad Wahab
- Universiti Putra Malaysia Faculty of Agriculture, 119196, Department of Plant Protection, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Anis Syahirah Mokhtar
- Universiti Putra Malaysia Faculty of Agriculture, 119196, Department of Plant Protection, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Erneeza Mohd Hata
- Universiti Putra Malaysia Faculty of Agriculture, 119196, Department of Plant Protection, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia;
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Garcia JF, Lawrence DP, Morales-Cruz A, Travadon R, Minio A, Hernandez-Martinez R, Rolshausen PE, Baumgartner K, Cantu D. Phylogenomics of Plant-Associated Botryosphaeriaceae Species. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:652802. [PMID: 33815343 PMCID: PMC8012773 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.652802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Botryosphaeriaceae is a fungal family that includes many destructive vascular pathogens of woody plants (e.g., Botryosphaeria dieback of grape, Panicle blight of pistachio). Species in the genera Botryosphaeria, Diplodia, Dothiorella, Lasiodiplodia, Neofusicoccum, and Neoscytalidium attack a range of horticultural crops, but they vary in virulence and their abilities to infect their hosts via different infection courts (flowers, green shoots, woody twigs). Isolates of seventeen species, originating from symptomatic apricot, grape, pistachio, and walnut were tested for pathogenicity on grapevine wood after 4 months of incubation in potted plants in the greenhouse. Results revealed significant variation in virulence in terms of the length of the internal wood lesions caused by these seventeen species. Phylogenomic comparisons of the seventeen species of wood-colonizing fungi revealed clade-specific expansion of gene families representing putative virulence factors involved in toxin production and mobilization, wood degradation, and nutrient uptake. Statistical analyses of the evolution of the size of gene families revealed expansions of secondary metabolism and transporter gene families in Lasiodiplodia and of secreted cell wall degrading enzymes (CAZymes) in Botryosphaeria and Neofusicoccum genomes. In contrast, Diplodia, Dothiorella, and Neoscytalidium generally showed a contraction in the number of members of these gene families. Overall, species with expansions of gene families, such as secreted CAZymes, secondary metabolism, and transporters, were the most virulent (i.e., were associated with the largest lesions), based on our pathogenicity tests and published reports. This study represents the first comparative phylogenomic investigation into the evolution of possible virulence factors from diverse, cosmopolitan members of the Botryosphaeriaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadran F Garcia
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Daniel P Lawrence
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Abraham Morales-Cruz
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Renaud Travadon
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Andrea Minio
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | | | - Philippe E Rolshausen
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Kendra Baumgartner
- Crops Pathology and Genetics Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Dario Cantu
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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Park BR, Son HJ, Park JH, Kim ES, Heo SJ, Youn HR, Koo YM, Heo AY, Choi HW, Sang MK, Lee SW, Choi SH, Hong JK. Chemical Fungicides and Bacillus siamensis H30-3 against Fungal and Oomycete Pathogens Causing Soil-Borne Strawberry Diseases. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 37:79-85. [PMID: 33551699 PMCID: PMC7847756 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.nt.12.2020.0232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chemical and biological agents were evaluated to inhibit Colletotrichum fructicola, Phytophthora cactorum, and Lasiodiplodia theobromae causing strawberry diseases. Mycelial growths of C. fructicola were gradually arrested by increasing concentrations of fungicides pyraclostrobin and iminoctadine tris (albesilate). P. cactorum and L. theobromae were more sensitive to pyraclostrobin compared to C. fructicola, but iminoctadine tris (albesilate) was not or less effective to limit P. cactorum or L. theobromae, respectively. Bacillus siamensis H30-3 was antagonistic against the three pathogens by diffusible as well as volatile molecules, and evidently reduced aerial mycelial formation of P. cactorum. B. siamensis H30-3 growth was declined by at least 0.025 mg/ml of pyraclostrobin. The two fungicides additively inhibited mycelial growths of C. fructicola, but not of P. cactorum and L. theobromae. B. siamensis H30-3 volatiles led to less growth of C. fructicola than one reduced by the fungicides. Taken together, in vitro antimicrobial activities of the two fungicides together with or without B. siamensis H30-3 volatiles may be cautiously incorporated into integrated management of strawberry diseases dependent on causal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Reen Park
- Department of Horticultural Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology (GNTech), Jinju 52725, Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Son
- Department of Horticultural Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology (GNTech), Jinju 52725, Korea
| | - Jong Hyeob Park
- Department of Horticultural Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology (GNTech), Jinju 52725, Korea
| | - Eun Soo Kim
- Department of Horticultural Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology (GNTech), Jinju 52725, Korea
| | - Seong Jin Heo
- Department of Horticultural Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology (GNTech), Jinju 52725, Korea
| | - Hae Ree Youn
- Department of Horticultural Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology (GNTech), Jinju 52725, Korea
| | - Young Mo Koo
- Department of Plant Medicine, Andong National University, Andong 3679, Korea
| | - A Yeong Heo
- Department of Plant Medicine, Andong National University, Andong 3679, Korea
| | - Hyong Woo Choi
- Department of Plant Medicine, Andong National University, Andong 3679, Korea
| | - Mee Kyung Sang
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 5565, Korea
| | - Sang-Woo Lee
- Department of Horticultural Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology (GNTech), Jinju 52725, Korea
| | - Sung Hwan Choi
- Department of Horticultural Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology (GNTech), Jinju 52725, Korea
| | - Jeum Kyu Hong
- Department of Horticultural Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology (GNTech), Jinju 52725, Korea
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Early Season Symptoms on Stem, Inflorescences and Flowers of Grapevine Associated with Botryosphaeriaceae Species. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9111427. [PMID: 33114298 PMCID: PMC7690898 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Botryosphaeria dieback caused by several Botryosphaeriaceae species is one of the most important grapevine trunk diseases affecting vineyards worldwide. These fungi cause wedge-shaped perennial cankers and black streaking of the wood and have also been associated with intervein leaf chlorosis, dried or mummified berries, and eventually, the death of the plant. Early season symptoms may sometimes be disregarded by growers, being mistaken with symptoms from other diseases such as downy mildew or botrytis rot. Currently, few studies are available to determine what species may be causing these early season symptoms in grapevines. During the 2018 season, during the flowering period, grapevine samples showing necrosis on green shoots, dried inflorescences, and flowers, were collected in vineyards throughout the central regions of Portugal. Isolations were performed from symptomatic organs, and twenty-three isolates of Botryosphaeriaceae were selected. An analysis of the ITS and part of the translation elongation factor 1-α sequences was performed, revealing that the two main species apparently responsible for these symptoms were Diplodia seriata and Neofusicoccum parvum. In pathogenicity tests conducted on 1-year-old plants grown under controlled conditions in a greenhouse and on field-grown clusters, symptoms were reproduced, confirming the pathogenic behavior of the selection of isolates.
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Zhang H, Zhang D, Wang F, Hsiang T, Liu J, Li G. Lasiodiplodia theobromae-induced alteration in ROS metabolism and its relation to gummosis development in Prunus persica. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 154:43-53. [PMID: 32526610 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Peach gummosis caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae is one of the most detrimental diseases to peaches in southern China. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play major roles in plant-pathogen interactions, however, their roles in the pathogenesis of peach gummosis, especially shoot disease in perennials, are largely unknown. In this study, the effects of L. theobromae on ROS production-scavenging systems and on signalling transduction during L. theobromae-induced gummosis in current-year peach shoots were investigated. The infection by L. theobromae led to a ROS burst and activated the plant antioxidant enzyme-dependent scavenging system. With disease progression, the capacity of the plant antioxidant machinery declined, and allowed for ROS accumulation and eventual malondialdehyde production. As for the fungus L. theobromae, the transcripts of genes related to ROS production were significantly repressed, and concomitantly the expression of genes related to antioxidant systems and oxidative stress resistance was markedly upregulated, perhaps to alleviate oxidative stress for successful colonisation. Moreover, genes involved in phytohormones biosynthesis and pathogenesis-related proteins were all markedly promoted, which could contribute to the restriction of disease development in peach shoots. Overall, the results showed that the ROS production-scavenging system in P. persica might affect disease development during peach-L. theobromae interaction. Our findings lay the foundations for future in-depth investigations of the molecular mechanisms and regulatory networks underlying L. theobromae-mediated shoot diseases in terms of ROS production-scavenging systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology-Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forest Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology-Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forest Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Fan Wang
- College of Pharmacy and Life Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332005, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Tom Hsiang
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Junwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology-Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forest Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Guohuai Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology-Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forest Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China.
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Harishchandra DL, Zhang W, Li X, Chethana KWT, Hyde KD, Brooks S, Yan J, Peng J. A LysM Domain-Containing Protein LtLysM1 Is Important for Vegetative Growth and Pathogenesis in Woody Plant Pathogen Lasiodiplodia theobromae. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 36:323-334. [PMID: 32788891 PMCID: PMC7403516 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.05.2020.0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lysin motif (LysM) proteins are reported to be necessary for the virulence and immune response suppression in many herbaceous plant pathogens, while far less is documented in woody plant pathogens. In this study, we preliminarily characterized the molecular function of a LysM protein LtLysM1 in woody plant pathogen Lasiodiplodia theobromae. Transcriptional profiles revealed that LtLysM1 is highly expressed at infectious stages, especially at 36 and 48 hours post inoculation. Amino acid sequence analyses revealed that LtLysM1 was a putative glycoprotein with 10 predicted N-glycosylation sites and one LysM domain. Pathogenicity tests showed that overexpressed transformants of LtLysM1 displayed increased virulence on grapevine shoots in comparison with that of wild type CSS-01s, and RNAi transformants of LtLysM1 exhibited significantly decreased lesion length when compared with that of wild type CSS-01s. Moreover, LtLysM1 was confirmed to be a secreted protein by a yeast signal peptide trap assay. Transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana together with protein immunoblotting confirmed that LtLysM1 was an N-glycosylated protein. In contrast to previously reported LysM protein Slp1 and OsCEBiP, LtLysM1 molecule did not interact with itself based on yeast two hybrid and co-immunoprecipitation assays. These results indicate that LtLysM1 is a secreted protein and functions as a critical virulence factor during the disease symptom development in woody plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulanjalee Lakmali Harishchandra
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- Centre of Excellence in Fungal Research, School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Wei Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Xinghong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | | | - Kevin David Hyde
- Centre of Excellence in Fungal Research, School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Siraprapa Brooks
- Centre of Excellence in Fungal Research, School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Jiye Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Junbo Peng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
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Esparham N, Mohammadi H, Gramaje D. A Survey of Trunk Disease Pathogens within Citrus Trees in Iran. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9060754. [PMID: 32560035 PMCID: PMC7355864 DOI: 10.3390/plants9060754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Citrus trees with cankers and dieback symptoms were observed in Bushehr (Bushehr province, Iran). Isolations were made from diseased cankers and branches. Recovered fungal isolates were identified using cultural and morphological characteristics, as well as comparisons of DNA sequence data of the nuclear ribosomal DNA-internal transcribed spacer region, translation elongation factor 1α, β-tubulin, and actin gene regions. Dothiorellaviticola, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Neoscytalidiumhyalinum, Phaeoacremonium (P.) parasiticum, P. italicum, P. iranianum, P. rubrigenum, P. minimum, P. croatiense, P. fraxinopensylvanicum, Phaeoacremonium sp., Cadophora luteo-olivacea, Biscogniauxia (B.) mediterranea, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, C. boninense, Peyronellaea (Pa.) pinodella, Stilbocrea (S.) walteri, and several isolates of Phoma, Pestalotiopsis, and Fusarium species were obtained from diseased trees. The pathogenicity tests were conducted by artificial inoculation of excised shoots of healthy acid lime trees (Citrus aurantifolia) under controlled conditions. Lasiodiplodia theobromae was the most virulent and caused the longest lesions within 40 days of inoculation. According to literature reviews, this is the first report of L. theobromae and N. hyalinum on citrus in Iran. Additionally, we report several Phaeoacremonium species, S. walteri, Pa. pinodella and C. luteo-olivacea on citrus trees for the first time in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Esparham
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman 7616914111, Iran;
| | - Hamid Mohammadi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman 7616914111, Iran;
- Correspondence: (H.M.); (D.G.); Tel.: +98-34-3132-2682 (H.M.); +34-94-1899-4980 (D.G.)
| | - David Gramaje
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (ICVV), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de la Rioja, Gobierno de La Rioja, 26007 Logroño, Spain
- Correspondence: (H.M.); (D.G.); Tel.: +98-34-3132-2682 (H.M.); +34-94-1899-4980 (D.G.)
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41
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Gobbi A, Kyrkou I, Filippi E, Ellegaard-Jensen L, Hansen LH. Seasonal epiphytic microbial dynamics on grapevine leaves under biocontrol and copper fungicide treatments. Sci Rep 2020; 10:681. [PMID: 31959791 PMCID: PMC6971271 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56741-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Winemakers have long used copper as a conventional fungicide treatment on grapevine and only recently, the use of biocontrol agents depicted a promising alternative. Most of the studies that investigate the impact of fungicide treatments, focus on specific pathogenic microbes. In the present work instead, a field experiment conducted in South Africa shows the seasonal microbial change occurring on grapevine leaves, periodically treated with two different fungicide treatments: copper sulphate and Lactobacillus plantarum MW-1. In this work, NGS data were combined with strain-specific and community qPCRs to reveal the shift of the microbial communities throughout the growing season and highlight the impact of fungicides on the microbiota. Only the family of Lactobacillaceae systematically changed between treatments, while the bacterial community remained relatively stable over time. MW-1 was exclusively detected on biocontrol-sprayed leaves. Conversely, the fungal community was largely shaped by sampling time, underlining the succession of different dominant taxa over the months. Between treatments, only a few fungal taxa appeared to change significantly and the fungal load was also comparable. Monitoring the dynamics of the microbial community under different fungicide treatments may advise the best timing to apply treatments to the plants, toward the realization of more sustainable agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Gobbi
- Environmental Microbial Genomics (EMG), Plant and Environmental Microbiology, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, DK, Denmark
- Aarhus University, Department of Environmental Science, Roskilde, DK, Denmark
| | - Ifigeneia Kyrkou
- Aarhus University, Department of Environmental Science, Roskilde, DK, Denmark
| | - Elisa Filippi
- Aarhus University, Department of Environmental Science, Roskilde, DK, Denmark
| | | | - Lars Hestbjerg Hansen
- Environmental Microbial Genomics (EMG), Plant and Environmental Microbiology, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, DK, Denmark.
- Aarhus University, Department of Environmental Science, Roskilde, DK, Denmark.
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42
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Gonçalves MFM, Nunes RB, Tilleman L, Van de Peer Y, Deforce D, Van Nieuwerburgh F, Esteves AC, Alves A. Dual RNA Sequencing of Vitis vinifera during Lasiodiplodia theobromae Infection Unveils Host-Pathogen Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E6083. [PMID: 31816814 PMCID: PMC6928909 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20236083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lasiodiplodia theobromae is one of the most aggressive agents of the grapevine trunk disease Botryosphaeria dieback. Through a dual RNA-sequencing approach, this study aimed to give a broader perspective on the infection strategy deployed by L. theobromae, while understanding grapevine response. Approximately 0.05% and 90% of the reads were mapped to the genomes of L. theobromae and Vitis vinifera, respectively. Over 2500 genes were significantly differentially expressed in infected plants after 10 dpi, many of which are involved in the inducible defense mechanisms of grapevines. Gene expression analysis showed changes in the fungal metabolism of phenolic compounds, carbohydrate metabolism, transmembrane transport, and toxin synthesis. These functions are related to the pathogenicity mechanisms involved in plant cell wall degradation and fungal defense against antimicrobial substances produced by the host. Genes encoding for the degradation of plant phenylpropanoid precursors were up-regulated, suggesting that the fungus could evade the host defense response using the phenylpropanoid pathway. The up-regulation of many distinct components of the phenylpropanoid pathway in plants supports this hypothesis. Moreover, genes related to phytoalexin biosynthesis, hormone metabolism, cell wall modification enzymes, and pathogenesis-related proteins seem to be involved in the host responses observed. This study provides additional insights into the molecular mechanisms of L. theobromae and V. vinifera interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micael F. M. Gonçalves
- Department of Biology, CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (M.F.M.G.); (R.B.N.)
| | - Rui B. Nunes
- Department of Biology, CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (M.F.M.G.); (R.B.N.)
| | - Laurentijn Tilleman
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Campus Heymans, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (L.T.); (D.D.); (F.V.N.)
| | - Yves Van de Peer
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium;
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Dieter Deforce
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Campus Heymans, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (L.T.); (D.D.); (F.V.N.)
| | - Filip Van Nieuwerburgh
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Campus Heymans, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (L.T.); (D.D.); (F.V.N.)
| | - Ana C. Esteves
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Estrada da Circunvalação, 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal;
| | - Artur Alves
- Department of Biology, CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (M.F.M.G.); (R.B.N.)
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43
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Akgül D, Ahioğlu M. Fungal pathogens associated with young grapevine decline in the Southern Turkey vineyards. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20191501027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Young grapevine decline is a common and important disease caused by fungal plant pathogens in Turkey vineyards. Every year many grape growers face this problem in their vineyards and seek solutions to cope with it. The aims of the study were to examine fungal pathogens of young grapevine decline in Southern Turkey and to determine pathogenicity of fungi involved in the disease. Twenty vineyards (2–3 years-old, located in Adana, Mersin and Gaziantep cities) were surveyed in March 2018 and declining whole plants were sampled and processed for mycological procedures. Sub-cultured fungal colonies were examined for colony morphology and conidia-conidiophore shapes under light microscope. For molecular identification, ITS, beta-tubulin, histone and TEF1-alpha gene regions were amplified with PCR using appropriate primers and PCR products were subsequently sequenced. The sequences were compared with those deposited in the NCBI GenBank database using the BLASTn program and fungal identifications were confirmed by getting accession numbers. Pathogenicity tests were fulfilled under greenhouse conditions for two months. The results indicated that Botryosphaeria Dieback and Black Foot fungi were two most common pathogen groups, while Petri Disease and Diaporthe Dieback pathogens had minor incidence. Although a variety of Fusarium species were isolated from declined vines, only F. brachygibbosum and F. solani were found to have considerable role in disease occurrence.
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Songy A, Fernandez O, Clément C, Larignon P, Fontaine F. Grapevine trunk diseases under thermal and water stresses. PLANTA 2019; 249:1655-1679. [PMID: 30805725 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03111-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Heat and water stresses, individually or combined, affect both the plant (development, physiology, and production) and the pathogens (growth, morphology, dissemination, distribution, and virulence). The grapevine response to combined abiotic and biotic stresses is complex and cannot be inferred from the response to each single stress. Several factors might impact the response and the recovery of the grapevine, such as the intensity, duration, and timing of the stresses. In the heat/water stress-GTDs-grapevine interaction, the nature of the pathogens, and the host, i.e., the nature of the rootstock, the cultivar and the clone, has a great importance. This review highlights the lack of studies investigating the response to combined stresses, in particular molecular studies, and the misreading of the relationship between rootstock and scion in the relationship GTDs/abiotic stresses. Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are one of the biggest threats to vineyard sustainability in the next 30 years. Although many treatments and practices are used to manage GTDs, there has been an increase in the prevalence of these diseases due to several factors such as vineyard intensification, aging vineyards, or nursery practices. The ban of efficient treatments, i.e., sodium arsenite, carbendazim, and benomyl, in the early 2000s may be partly responsible for the fast spread of these diseases. However, GTD-associated fungi can act as endophytes for several years on, or inside the vine until the appearance of the first symptoms. This prompted several researchers to hypothesise that abiotic conditions, especially thermal and water stresses, were involved in the initiation of GTD symptoms. Unfortunately, the frequency of these abiotic conditions occurring is likely to increase according to the recent consensus scenario of climate change, especially in wine-growing areas. In this article, following a review on the impact of combined thermal and water stresses on grapevine physiology, we will examine (1) how this combination of stresses might influence the lifestyle of GTD pathogens, (2) learnings from grapevine field experiments and modelling aiming at studying biotic and abiotic stresses, and (3) what mechanistic concepts can be used to explain how these stresses might affect the grapevine plant status.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Songy
- SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes EA 4707, BP 1039, 51687, Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - O Fernandez
- SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes EA 4707, BP 1039, 51687, Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - C Clément
- SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes EA 4707, BP 1039, 51687, Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - P Larignon
- Institut Français de la Vigne et du Vin Pôle Rhône-Méditerranée, France, 7 avenue Cazeaux, 30230, Rodilhan, France
| | - F Fontaine
- SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes EA 4707, BP 1039, 51687, Reims Cedex 2, France.
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45
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Bautista-Cruz MA, Almaguer-Vargas G, Leyva-Mir SG, Colinas-León MT, Correia KC, Camacho-Tapia M, Robles-Yerena L, Michereff SJ, Tovar-Pedraza JM. Phylogeny, Distribution, and Pathogenicity of Lasiodiplodia Species Associated With Cankers and Dieback Symptoms of Persian Lime in Mexico. PLANT DISEASE 2019; 103:1156-1165. [PMID: 30995151 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-18-1036-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Persian lime (Citrus latifolia Tan.) is an important and widely cultivated fruit crop in several regions of Mexico. In recent years, severe symptoms of gummosis, stem cankers, and dieback were detected in the Persian lime-producing region in the states of Veracruz and Puebla, Mexico. The aims of this study were to identify the species of Lasiodiplodia associated with these symptoms, determine the distribution of these species, and test their pathogenicity and virulence on Persian lime plants. In 2015, symptomatic samples were collected from 12 commercial Persian lime orchards, and 60 Lasiodiplodia isolates were obtained. Fungal identification of 32 representative isolates was performed using a phylogenetic analysis based on DNA sequence data of the internal transcribed spacer region and part of the translation elongation factor 1-α and β-tubulin genes. Sequence analyses were carried out using the Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference methods. Six Lasiodiplodia species were identified as Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Lasiodiplodia brasiliense, Lasiodiplodia subglobosa, Lasiodiplodia citricola, and Lasiodiplodia iraniensis. All Lasiodiplodia species of this study are reported for the first time in association with Persian lime in Mexico and worldwide. L. pseudotheobromae (46.9% of isolates) was the most frequently isolated species followed by L. theobromae (28.1%) and L. brasiliense (12.5%). Pathogenicity on Persian lime young plants using a mycelial plug inoculation method showed that all identified Lasiodiplodia species were able to cause necrotic lesions and gummosis, but L. subglobosa, L. iraniensis, and L. pseudotheobromae were the most virulent.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Bautista-Cruz
- 1 Posgrado en Horticultura, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Texcoco, 56230 Estado de México, Mexico
| | - G Almaguer-Vargas
- 1 Posgrado en Horticultura, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Texcoco, 56230 Estado de México, Mexico
| | - S G Leyva-Mir
- 2 Departamento de Parasitología Agrícola, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Texcoco, 56230 Estado de México, Mexico
| | - M T Colinas-León
- 1 Posgrado en Horticultura, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Texcoco, 56230 Estado de México, Mexico
| | - K C Correia
- 3 Centro de Ciências Agrárias e da Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal do Cariri, Crato, 63.133-610 Ceará, Brazil
| | - M Camacho-Tapia
- 4 Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación y Servicio Agroalimentario y Forestal, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Texcoco, 56230 Estado de México, Mexico; and
| | - L Robles-Yerena
- 1 Posgrado en Horticultura, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Texcoco, 56230 Estado de México, Mexico
| | - S J Michereff
- 3 Centro de Ciências Agrárias e da Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal do Cariri, Crato, 63.133-610 Ceará, Brazil
| | - J M Tovar-Pedraza
- 5 Laboratorio de Fitopatología, Coordinación Culiacán, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, Culiacán, 80110 Sinaloa, Mexico
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46
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Tian X, Zhang L, Feng S, Zhao Z, Wang X, Gao H. Transcriptome Analysis of Apple Leaves in Response to Powdery Mildew ( Podosphaera leucotricha) Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2326. [PMID: 31083412 PMCID: PMC6539105 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) is one of the most important cultivated tree fruit crops worldwide. However, sustainable apple production is threatened by powdery mildew (PM) disease, which is caused by the obligate biotrophic fungus Podosphaera leucotricha. To gain insight into the molecular basis of the PM infection and disease progression, RNA-based transcriptional profiling (RNA-seq) was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in apples following inoculation with P. leucotricha. Four RNA-seq libraries were constructed comprising a total of 214 Gb of high-quality sequence. 1177 DEGs (661 upregulated and 629 downregulated) have been identified according to the criteria of a ratio of infection/control fold change > 2, and a false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.001. The majority of DEGs (815) were detected 12 h after inoculation, suggesting that this is an important time point in the response of the PM infection. Gene annotation analysis revealed that DEGs were predominately associated with biological processes, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, hormone signal transduction and plant-pathogen interactions. Genes activated by infection corresponded to transcription factors (e.g., AP2/ERF, MYB, WRKY and NAC) and synthesis of defense-related metabolites, including pathogenesis-related genes, glucosidase and dehydrin. Overall, the information obtained in this study enriches the resources available for research into the molecular-genetic mechanisms of the apple/powdery mildew interactions, and provides a theoretical basis for the development of new apple varieties with resistance to PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Shuaishuai Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Zhengyang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Xiping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Hua Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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Félix C, Salvatore MM, DellaGreca M, Ferreira V, Duarte AS, Salvatore F, Naviglio D, Gallo M, Alves A, Esteves AC, Andolfi A. Secondary metabolites produced by grapevine strains of Lasiodiplodia theobromae grown at two different temperatures. Mycologia 2019; 111:466-476. [PMID: 31025901 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2019.1600342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Lasiodiplodia theobromae is a fungal plant pathogen that has been associated with Botryosphaeria dieback of grapevine. Despite several studies on L. theobromae, until now the production of secondary metabolites by strains isolated from grapevines has not been reported. The ability of two strains of L. theobromae isolated from grapevine to produce lipophilic metabolites was studied. Although many typical compounds of low molecular weight were identified from the crude extracts of both strains (e.g., lasiolactols, substituted 2-dihydrofuranones, melleins, jasmonic acid, 3-indolcarboxylic acid, botryodiplodins), (2R/2S,3S,4S)-3-epi-botryodiplodin was isolated for the first time as a natural compound. Furthermore, a comparative study of metabolite production was conducted at 25 and 37 C to understand temperature effects on metabolite profiles. Some metabolites were produced only by one strain (e.g., (3S,4S)-4-acetyl-3-methyl-2-dihydrofuranone produced by LA-SOL3) and others only at a specific temperature (e.g., jasmonic acid at 25 C, botryodiplodins at 37 C). Phytotoxicity and cytotoxicity of pure compounds were evaluated to clarify the influence of lipophilic metabolites on the biological activities of culture filtrates of both strains. The most toxic compound for Vero and 3T3 cells was (2R/2S,3S,4S)-3-epi-botryodiplodin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Félix
- a Department of Biology , Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago , Aveiro , 3810-193 , Portugal
| | - Maria M Salvatore
- b Department of Chemical Sciences , University of Naples " Federico II ," 80126 Naples , Italy
| | - Marina DellaGreca
- b Department of Chemical Sciences , University of Naples " Federico II ," 80126 Naples , Italy
| | - Vanessa Ferreira
- a Department of Biology , Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago , Aveiro , 3810-193 , Portugal
| | - Ana S Duarte
- a Department of Biology , Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago , Aveiro , 3810-193 , Portugal
| | - Francesco Salvatore
- b Department of Chemical Sciences , University of Naples " Federico II ," 80126 Naples , Italy
| | - Daniele Naviglio
- b Department of Chemical Sciences , University of Naples " Federico II ," 80126 Naples , Italy
| | - Monica Gallo
- c Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology , University of Naples " Federico II ," 80131 Naples , Italy
| | - Artur Alves
- a Department of Biology , Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago , Aveiro , 3810-193 , Portugal
| | - Ana C Esteves
- a Department of Biology , Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago , Aveiro , 3810-193 , Portugal
| | - Anna Andolfi
- b Department of Chemical Sciences , University of Naples " Federico II ," 80126 Naples , Italy
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48
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Xing Q, Zhang W, Liu M, Li L, Li X, Yan J. Genome-Wide Identification of Long Non-coding RNAs Responsive to Lasiodiplodia theobromae Infection in Grapevine. Evol Bioinform Online 2019; 15:1176934319841362. [PMID: 30992656 PMCID: PMC6449811 DOI: 10.1177/1176934319841362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) refer to a class of RNA molecules that are longer
than 200 nucleotides and do not encode proteins. Numerous lncRNAs have recently
emerged as important regulators of many biological processes in animals and
plants, including responses to environmental stress and pathogens.
Botryosphaeria dieback is one of the more severe grapevine
trunk diseases worldwide. However, how lncRNAs function during
Botryosphaeriaceae infection is largely unknown. We performed high-throughput
RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) of susceptible and more tolerant grapevine cultivars
infected with Lasiodiplodia theobromae. Overall, we predicted
1826 novel candidate lncRNAs, including long intergenic non-coding RNAs
(lincRNAs) and natural antisense transcripts (lncNATs). The data reveal the
functions of a set of lncRNAs that were differentially expressed between the
resistant cultivar Merlot and the susceptible cultivar Cabernet Franc. Several
lncRNAs were predicted to be precursors for grape microRNAs involved in the
L theobromae infection. These results provide new insight
into the lncRNAs of grapevine that are involved in the response to L
theobromae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qikai Xing
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lingxian Li
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinghong Li
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Beijing, China
| | - Jiye Yan
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Beijing, China
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Stempien E, Goddard ML, Leva Y, Bénard-Gellon M, Laloue H, Farine S, Kieffer-Mazet F, Tarnus C, Bertsch C, Chong J. Secreted proteins produced by fungi associated with Botryosphaeria dieback trigger distinct defense responses in Vitis vinifera and Vitis rupestris cells. PROTOPLASMA 2018; 255:613-628. [PMID: 29043572 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-017-1175-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine trunk diseases (Eutypa dieback, esca and Botryosphaeria dieback) are caused by a complex of xylem-inhabiting fungi, which severely reduce yields in vineyards. Botryosphaeria dieback is associated with Botryosphaeriaceae. In order to develop effective strategies against Botryosphaeria dieback, we investigated the molecular basis of grapevine interactions with a virulent species, Neofusicoccum parvum, and a weak pathogen, Diplodia seriata. We investigated defenses induced by purified secreted fungal proteins within suspension cells of Vitis (Vitis rupestris and Vitis vinifera cv. Gewurztraminer) with putative different susceptibility to Botryosphaeria dieback. Our results show that Vitis cells are able to detect secreted proteins produced by Botryosphaeriaceae, resulting in a rapid alkalinization of the extracellular medium and the production of reactive oxygen species. Concerning early defense responses, N. parvum proteins induced a more intense response compared to D. seriata. Early and late defense responses, i.e., extracellular medium alkalinization, cell death, and expression of PR defense genes were stronger in V. rupestris compared to V. vinifera, except for stilbene production. Secreted Botryosphaeriaceae proteins triggered a high accumulation of δ-viniferin in V. vinifera suspension cells. Artificial inoculation assays on detached canes with N. parvum and D. seriata showed that the development of necrosis is reduced in V. rupestris compared to V. vinifera cv. Gewurztraminer. This may be related to a more efficient induction of defense responses in V. rupestris, although not sufficient to completely inhibit fungal colonization. Overall, our work shows a specific signature of defense responses depending on the grapevine genotype and the fungal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Stempien
- Laboratoire Vigne Biotechnologie et Environnement LVBE EA 3991, Université de Haute-Alsace, 33 rue de Herrlisheim, BP 68008, Colmar Cedex, France
| | - M-L Goddard
- Laboratoire Vigne Biotechnologie et Environnement LVBE EA 3991, Université de Haute-Alsace, 33 rue de Herrlisheim, BP 68008, Colmar Cedex, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Bio-organique COB EA 4566, Université de Haute-Alsace, 3bis rue Alfred Werner, BP 68093, Mulhouse Cedex, France
| | - Y Leva
- Laboratoire Vigne Biotechnologie et Environnement LVBE EA 3991, Université de Haute-Alsace, 33 rue de Herrlisheim, BP 68008, Colmar Cedex, France
| | - M Bénard-Gellon
- Laboratoire Vigne Biotechnologie et Environnement LVBE EA 3991, Université de Haute-Alsace, 33 rue de Herrlisheim, BP 68008, Colmar Cedex, France
| | - H Laloue
- Laboratoire Vigne Biotechnologie et Environnement LVBE EA 3991, Université de Haute-Alsace, 33 rue de Herrlisheim, BP 68008, Colmar Cedex, France
| | - S Farine
- Laboratoire Vigne Biotechnologie et Environnement LVBE EA 3991, Université de Haute-Alsace, 33 rue de Herrlisheim, BP 68008, Colmar Cedex, France
| | - F Kieffer-Mazet
- Laboratoire Vigne Biotechnologie et Environnement LVBE EA 3991, Université de Haute-Alsace, 33 rue de Herrlisheim, BP 68008, Colmar Cedex, France
| | - C Tarnus
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Bio-organique COB EA 4566, Université de Haute-Alsace, 3bis rue Alfred Werner, BP 68093, Mulhouse Cedex, France
| | - C Bertsch
- Laboratoire Vigne Biotechnologie et Environnement LVBE EA 3991, Université de Haute-Alsace, 33 rue de Herrlisheim, BP 68008, Colmar Cedex, France
| | - J Chong
- Laboratoire Vigne Biotechnologie et Environnement LVBE EA 3991, Université de Haute-Alsace, 33 rue de Herrlisheim, BP 68008, Colmar Cedex, France.
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Gramaje D, Úrbez-Torres JR, Sosnowski MR. Managing Grapevine Trunk Diseases With Respect to Etiology and Epidemiology: Current Strategies and Future Prospects. PLANT DISEASE 2018; 102:12-39. [PMID: 30673457 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-04-17-0512-fe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Fungal trunk diseases are some of the most destructive diseases of grapevine in all grape growing areas of the world. Management of GTDs has been intensively studied for decades with some great advances made in our understanding of the causal pathogens, their epidemiology, impact, and control. However, due to the breadth and complexity of the problem, no single effective control measure has been developed. Management of GTD must be holistic and integrated, with an interdisciplinary approach conducted in both nurseries and vineyards that integrates plant pathology, agronomy, viticulture, microbiology, epidemiology, biochemistry, physiology, and genetics. In this review, we identify a number of areas of future prospect for effective management of GTDs worldwide, which, if addressed, will provide a positive outlook on the longevity of vineyards in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gramaje
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad de la Rioja - Gobierno de la Rioja, Logroño 26007, Spain
| | - José Ramón Úrbez-Torres
- Summerland Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Science and Technology Branch, Summerland, British Columbia V0H1Z0, Canada
| | - Mark R Sosnowski
- South Australian Research and Development Institute, GPO Box 397, Adelaide SA 5001, Australia; and School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
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