1
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Yang Z, Liang G, Liu C, Chu Z, Li N. The F-box protein ZmFBL41 negatively regulates disease resistance to Rhizoctonia solani by degrading the abscisic acid synthase ZmNCED6 in maize. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:48. [PMID: 38300347 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03132-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The maize F-box protein ZmFBL41 targets abscisic acid synthase 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase 6 for degradation, and this regulatory module is exploited by Rhizoctonia solani to promote infection. F-box proteins are crucial regulators of plant growth, development, and responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. Previous research identified the F-box gene ZmFBL41 as a negative regulator of maize (Zea mays) defenses against Rhizoctonia solani. However, the precise mechanisms by which F-box proteins mediate resistance to R. solani remain poorly understood. In this study, we show that ZmFBL41 interacts with an abscisic acid (ABA) synthase, 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase 6 (ZmNCED6), promoting its degradation via the ubiquitination pathway. We discovered that the ectopic overexpression of ZmNCED6 in rice (Oryza sativa) inhibited R. solani infection by activating stomatal closure, callose deposition, and jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis, indicating that ZmNCED6 enhances plant immunity against R. solani. Natural variation at ZmFBL41 across different maize haplotypes did not affect the ZmFBL41-ZmNCED6 interaction. These findings suggest that ZmFBL41 targets ZmNCED6 for degradation, leading to a decrease in ABA levels in maize, in turn, inhibiting ABA-mediated disease resistance pathways, such as stomatal closure, callose deposition, and JA biosynthesis, ultimately facilitating R. solani infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangshuai Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Guanyu Liang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Chenxu Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Zhaohui Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Ning Li
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China.
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2
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Ušák D, Haluška S, Pleskot R. Callose synthesis at the center point of plant development-An evolutionary insight. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:54-69. [PMID: 37165709 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Polar callose deposition into the extracellular matrix is tightly controlled in time and space. Its presence in the cell wall modifies the properties of the surrounding area, which is fundamental for the correct execution of numerous processes such as cell division, male gametophyte development, intercellular transport, or responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Previous studies have been invaluable in characterizing specific callose synthases (CalSs) during individual cellular processes. However, the complex view of the relationships between a particular CalS and a specific process is still lacking. Here we review the recent proceedings on the role of callose and individual CalSs in cell wall remodelling from an evolutionary perspective and with a particular focus on cytokinesis. We provide a robust phylogenetic analysis of CalS across the plant kingdom, which implies a 3-subfamily distribution of CalS. We also discuss the possible linkage between the evolution of CalSs and their function in specific cell types and processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ušák
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany, 165 02 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, 128 44 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Samuel Haluška
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany, 165 02 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, 128 44 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Pleskot
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany, 165 02 Prague, Czech Republic
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3
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Sangi S, Olimpio GV, Coelho FS, Alexandrino CR, Da Cunha M, Grativol C. Flagellin and mannitol modulate callose biosynthesis and deposition in soybean seedlings. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e13877. [PMID: 36811487 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Callose is a polymer deposited on the cell wall and is necessary for plant growth and development. Callose is synthesized by genes from the glucan synthase-like family (GSL) and dynamically responds to various types of stress. Callose can inhibit pathogenic infection, in the case of biotic stresses, and maintain cell turgor and stiffen the plant cell wall in abiotic stresses. Here, we report the identification of 23 GSL genes (GmGSL) in the soybean genome. We performed phylogenetic analyses, gene structure prediction, duplication patterns, and expression profiles on several RNA-Seq libraries. Our analyses show that WGD/Segmental duplication contributed to expanding this gene family in soybean. Next, we analyzed the callose responses in soybean under abiotic and biotic stresses. The data show that callose is induced by both osmotic stress and flagellin 22 (flg22) and is related to the activity of β-1,3-glucanases. By using RT-qPCR, we evaluated the expression of GSL genes during the treatment of soybean roots with mannitol and flg22. The GmGSL23 gene was upregulated in seedlings treated with osmotic stress or flg22, showing the essential role of this gene in the soybean defense response to pathogenic organisms and osmotic stress. Our results provide an important understanding of the role of callose deposition and regulation of GSL genes in response to osmotic stress and flg22 infection in soybean seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sangi
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas e Peptídeos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
| | - Geovanna Vitória Olimpio
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas e Peptídeos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Silva Coelho
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas e Peptídeos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
| | - Camilla R Alexandrino
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
| | - Maura Da Cunha
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
| | - Clícia Grativol
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas e Peptídeos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
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4
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Bettinelli P, Nicolini D, Costantini L, Stefanini M, Hausmann L, Vezzulli S. Towards Marker-Assisted Breeding for Black Rot Bunch Resistance: Identification of a Major QTL in the Grapevine Cultivar 'Merzling'. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043568. [PMID: 36834979 PMCID: PMC9961920 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Black rot (BR), caused by Guignardia bidwellii, is an emergent fungal disease threatening viticulture and affecting several mildew-tolerant varieties. However, its genetic bases are not fully dissected yet. For this purpose, a segregating population derived from the cross 'Merzling' (hybrid, resistant) × 'Teroldego' (V. vinifera, susceptible) was evaluated for BR resistance at the shoot and bunch level. The progeny was genotyped with the GrapeReSeq Illumina 20K SNPchip, and 7175 SNPs were combined with 194 SSRs to generate a high-density linkage map of 1677 cM. The QTL analysis based on shoot trials confirmed the previously identified Resistance to Guignardia bidwellii (Rgb)1 locus on chromosome 14, which explained up to 29.2% of the phenotypic variance, reducing the genomic interval from 2.4 to 0.7 Mb. Upstream of Rgb1, this study revealed a new QTL explaining up to 79.9% of the variance for bunch resistance, designated Rgb3. The physical region encompassing the two QTLs does not underlie annotated resistance (R)-genes. The Rgb1 locus resulted enriched in genes belonging to phloem dynamics and mitochondrial proton transfer, while Rgb3 presented a cluster of pathogenesis-related Germin-like protein genes, promoters of the programmed cell death. These outcomes suggest a strong involvement of mitochondrial oxidative burst and phloem occlusion in BR resistance mechanisms and provide new molecular tools for grapevine marker-assisted breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Bettinelli
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, 38098 San Michele all’Adige, TN, Italy
- Grapevine Genetics and Breeding Unit, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38098 San Michele all’Adige, TN, Italy
| | - Daniela Nicolini
- Grapevine Genetics and Breeding Unit, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38098 San Michele all’Adige, TN, Italy
| | - Laura Costantini
- Grapevine Genetics and Breeding Unit, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38098 San Michele all’Adige, TN, Italy
| | - Marco Stefanini
- Grapevine Genetics and Breeding Unit, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38098 San Michele all’Adige, TN, Italy
| | - Ludger Hausmann
- JKI Institute for Grapevine Breeding, Geilweilerhof, 76833 Siebeldingen, Germany
| | - Silvia Vezzulli
- Grapevine Genetics and Breeding Unit, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38098 San Michele all’Adige, TN, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0461-615387
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5
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Massonnet M, Riaz S, Pap D, Figueroa-Balderas R, Walker MA, Cantu D. The grape powdery mildew resistance loci Ren2, Ren3, Ren4D, Ren4U, Run1, Run1.2b, Run2.1, and Run2.2 activate different transcriptional responses to Erysiphe necator. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1096862. [PMID: 36600930 PMCID: PMC9806207 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1096862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Multiple grape powdery mildew (PM) genetic resistance (R) loci have been found in wild grape species. Little is known about the defense responses associated with each R locus. In this study, we compare the defense mechanisms associated with PM resistance in interspecific crosses segregating for a single R locus from Muscadinia rotundifolia (Run1, Run1.2b, Run2.1, Run2.2), Vitis cinerea (Ren2), V. romanetii (Ren4D and Ren4U), and the interspecific hybrid Villard blanc (Ren3). By combining optical microscopy, visual scoring, and biomass estimation, we show that the eight R loci confer resistance by limiting infection at different stages. We assessed the defense mechanisms triggered in response to PM at 1 and 5 days post-inoculation (dpi) via RNA sequencing. To account for the genetic differences between species, we developed for each accession a diploid synthetic reference transcriptome by incorporating into the PN40024 reference homozygous and heterozygous sequence variants and de novo assembled transcripts. Most of the R loci exhibited a higher number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with PM resistance at 1 dpi compared to 5 dpi, suggesting that PM resistance is mostly associated with an early transcriptional reprogramming. Comparison of the PM resistance-associated DEGs showed a limited overlap between pairs of R loci, and nearly half of the DEGs were specific to a single R locus. The largest overlap of PM resistance-associated DEGs was found between Ren3 +, Ren4D +, and Ren4U + genotypes at 1 dpi, and between Ren4U + and Run1 + accessions at 5 dpi. The Ren3 +, Ren4D +, and Ren4U + were also found to have the highest number of R locus-specific DEGs in response to PM. Both shared and R locus-specific DEGs included genes from different defense-related categories, indicating that the presence of E. necator triggered distinct transcriptional responses in the eight R loci.
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6
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Mbiza NIT, Hu Z, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Luo X, Wang Y, Wang Y, Liu T, Li J, Wang X, Zhang J, Yu Y. GhCalS5 is involved in cotton response to aphid attack through mediating callose formation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:892630. [PMID: 35937318 PMCID: PMC9350506 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.892630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Callose synthase plays an essential role in plant growth and development and in response to all sorts of stresses through regulating callose formation. However, few research about the function and mechanism of the insect resistance of callose synthase genes have been reported in cotton. In this study, a cotton callose synthase gene GhCalS5 was cloned, and its function and mechanism of resistance to cotton aphids were analyzed. The expression of GhCalS5 was significantly upregulated in both, leaves and stems of cotton plants at 48 h after cotton aphid infestation and in the leaves of cotton plants at 24 h after salicylic acid treatment. The overexpression of GhCalS5 enhanced cotton resistance to cotton aphids. Expectedly silencing of GhCalS5 reduced cotton resistance to cotton aphids. Overexpression of GhCalS5 enhanced callose formation in cotton leaves. Our results suggest that GhCalS5 is involved in cotton resistance against cotton aphids by influencing callose formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zongwei Hu
- College of Agriculture, Institute of Entomology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Haoran Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Institute of Entomology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Institute of Entomology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Xincheng Luo
- College of Life Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Yuxue Wang
- College of Agriculture, Institute of Entomology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Agriculture, Institute of Entomology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Ting Liu
- College of Agriculture, Institute of Entomology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Jianping Li
- College of Agriculture, Institute of Entomology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Xiangping Wang
- College of Agriculture, Institute of Entomology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Institute of Entomology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Yonghao Yu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
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7
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Feng J, Chen Y, Xiao X, Qu Y, Li P, Lu Q, Huang J. Genome-wide analysis of the CalS gene family in cotton reveals their potential roles in fiber development and responses to stress. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12557. [PMID: 34909280 PMCID: PMC8641485 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Callose deposition occurs during plant growth and development, as well as when plants are under biotic and abiotic stress. Callose synthase is a key enzyme for the synthesis of callose. In this study, 27, 28, 16, and 15 callose synthase family members were identified in Gossypium hirsutum, Gossypium barbadense, Gossypium raimondii, and Gossypium arboreum using the sequence of Arabidopsis callose synthase. The CalSs were divided into five groups by phylogenetic, gene structure, and conservative motif analysis. The conserved motifs and gene structures of CalSs in each group were highly similar. Based on the analysis of cis-acting elements, it is inferred that GhCalSs were regulated by abiotic stress. WGD/Segmental duplication promoted the amplification of the CalS gene in cotton, and purification selection had an important function in the CalS family. The transcriptome data and qRT-PCR under cold, heat, salt, and PEG treatments showed that GhCalSs were involved in abiotic stress. The expression patterns of GhCalSs were different in various tissues. We predicted that GhCalS4, which was highly expressed in fibers, had an important effect on fiber elongation. Hence, these results help us understand the role of GhCalSs in fiber development and stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Feng
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China.,School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Yi Chen
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Xianghui Xiao
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Yunfang Qu
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Pengtao Li
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Quanwei Lu
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China.,School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Jinling Huang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
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8
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Ingel B, Reyes C, Massonnet M, Boudreau B, Sun Y, Sun Q, McElrone AJ, Cantu D, Roper MC. Xylella fastidiosa causes transcriptional shifts that precede tylose formation and starch depletion in xylem. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2021; 22:175-188. [PMID: 33216451 PMCID: PMC7814960 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Pierce's disease (PD) in grapevine (Vitis vinifera) is caused by the bacterial pathogen Xylella fastidiosa. X. fastidiosa is limited to the xylem tissue and following infection induces extensive plant-derived xylem blockages, primarily in the form of tyloses. Tylose-mediated vessel occlusions are a hallmark of PD, particularly in susceptible V. vinifera. We temporally monitored tylose development over the course of the disease to link symptom severity to the level of tylose occlusion and the presence/absence of the bacterial pathogen at fine-scale resolution. The majority of vessels containing tyloses were devoid of bacterial cells, indicating that direct, localized perception of X. fastidiosa was not a primary cause of tylose formation. In addition, we used X-ray computed microtomography and machine-learning to determine that X. fastidiosa induces significant starch depletion in xylem ray parenchyma cells. This suggests that a signalling mechanism emanating from the vessels colonized by bacteria enables a systemic response to X. fastidiosa infection. To understand the transcriptional changes underlying these phenotypes, we integrated global transcriptomics into the phenotypes we tracked over the disease spectrum. Differential gene expression analysis revealed that considerable transcriptomic reprogramming occurred during early PD before symptom appearance. Specifically, we determined that many genes associated with tylose formation (ethylene signalling and cell wall biogenesis) and drought stress were up-regulated during both Phase I and Phase II of PD. On the contrary, several genes related to photosynthesis and carbon fixation were down-regulated during both phases. These responses correlate with significant starch depletion observed in ray cells and tylose synthesis in vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Ingel
- Department of Microbiology and Plant PathologyUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideCaliforniaUSA
- Present address:
Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Clarissa Reyes
- United States Department of AgricultureAgricultural Research ServiceDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Mélanie Massonnet
- Department of Viticulture and EnologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Bailey Boudreau
- Department of BiologyUniversity of WisconsinStevens PointWisconsinUSA
| | - Yuling Sun
- Wellesley CollegeWellesleyMassachusettsUSA
| | - Qiang Sun
- Department of BiologyUniversity of WisconsinStevens PointWisconsinUSA
| | - Andrew J. McElrone
- United States Department of AgricultureAgricultural Research ServiceDavisCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Viticulture and EnologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Dario Cantu
- Department of Viticulture and EnologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - M. Caroline Roper
- Department of Microbiology and Plant PathologyUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideCaliforniaUSA
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9
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Tomczynska I, Stumpe M, Doan TG, Mauch F. A Phytophthora effector protein promotes symplastic cell-to-cell trafficking by physical interaction with plasmodesmata-localised callose synthases. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 227:1467-1478. [PMID: 32396661 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Pathogen effectors act as disease promoting factors that target specific host proteins with roles in plant immunity. Here, we investigated the function of the RxLR3 effector of the plant-pathogen Phytophthora brassicae. Arabidopsis plants expressing a FLAG-RxLR3 fusion protein were used for co-immunoprecipitation followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to identify host targets of RxLR3. Fluorescently labelled fusion proteins were used for analysis of subcellular localisation and function of RxLR3. Three closely related members of the callose synthase family, CalS1, CalS2 and CalS3, were identified as targets of RxLR3. RxLR3 co-localised with the plasmodesmal marker protein PDLP5 (PLASMODESMATA-LOCALISED PROTEIN 5) and with plasmodesmata-associated deposits of the β-1,3-glucan polymer callose. In line with a function as an inhibitor of plasmodesmal callose synthases (CalS) enzymes, callose depositions were reduced and cell-to-cell trafficking was promoted in the presence of RxLR3. Plasmodesmal callose deposition in response to infection was compared with wild-type suppressed in RxLR3-expressing Arabidopsis lines. Our results implied a virulence function of the RxLR3 effector as a positive regulator of plasmodesmata transport and provided evidence for competition between P. brassicae and Arabidopsis for control of cell-to-cell trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iga Tomczynska
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Michael Stumpe
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Tu Giang Doan
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Felix Mauch
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
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10
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Curtolo M, Granato LM, Soratto TAT, Curtolo M, Gazaffi R, Takita MA, Cristofani-Yaly M, Machado MA. Expression Quantitative Trait Loci (eQTL) mapping for callose synthases in intergeneric hybrids of Citrus challenged with the bacteria Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus. Genet Mol Biol 2020; 43:e20190133. [PMID: 32568357 PMCID: PMC7295156 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2019-0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrus plants have been extremely affected by Huanglongbing (HLB) worldwide, causing
economic losses. HLB disease causes disorders in citrus plants, leading to callose
deposition in the phloem vessel sieve plates. Callose is synthesized by callose
synthases, which are encoded by 12 genes (calS1–
calS12)in Arabidopsis thaliana. We evaluated the
expression of eight callose synthase genes from Citrus in hybrids between
Citrus sunki and Poncirus trifoliata infected
with HLB. The objective of this work was to identify possible tolerance loci
combining the expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) of different callose
synthases and genetic Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) maps of C.
sunki and P. trifoliata. The expression data from all
CscalS ranged widely among the hybrids. Furthermore, the data
allowed the detection of 18 eQTL in the C. sunki map and 34 eQTL in
the P. trifoliata map. In both maps, some eQTL for different
CscalS were overlapped; thus, a single region could be associated
with the regulation of more than one CscalS. The regions identified
in this work can be interesting targets for future studies of Citrus
breeding programs to manipulate callose synthesis during HLB infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiara Curtolo
- Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, Centro APTA Citros Sylvio Moreira, Cordeirópolis, SP, Brazil.,Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Laís Moreira Granato
- Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, Centro APTA Citros Sylvio Moreira, Cordeirópolis, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Maisa Curtolo
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Melhoramento de Plantas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Gazaffi
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Departamento de Biotecnologia e Produção Vegetal e Animal, Araras, SP, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Takita
- Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, Centro APTA Citros Sylvio Moreira, Cordeirópolis, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos Antonio Machado
- Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, Centro APTA Citros Sylvio Moreira, Cordeirópolis, SP, Brazil
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11
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Li Y, Héloir M, Zhang X, Geissler M, Trouvelot S, Jacquens L, Henkel M, Su X, Fang X, Wang Q, Adrian M. Surfactin and fengycin contribute to the protection of a Bacillus subtilis strain against grape downy mildew by both direct effect and defence stimulation. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2019; 20:1037-1050. [PMID: 31104350 PMCID: PMC6640177 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis GLB191 (hereafter GLB191) is an efficient biological control agent against the biotrophic oomycete Plasmopara viticola, the causal agent of grapevine downy mildew. In this study, we show that GLB191 supernatant is also highly active against downy mildew and that the activity results from both direct effect against the pathogen and stimulation of the plant defences (induction of defence gene expression and callose production). High-performance thin-layer chromatography analysis revealed the presence of the cyclic lipopeptides fengycin and surfactin in the supernatant. Mutants affected in the production of fengycin and/or surfactin were thus obtained and allowed us to show that both surfactin and fengycin contribute to the double activity of GLB191 supernatant against downy mildew. Altogether, this study suggests that GLB191 supernatant could be used as a new biocontrol product against grapevine downy mildew.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant ProtectionChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193P. R. China
| | - Marie‐Claire Héloir
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche‐ComtéDijonF‐21000France
| | - Xun Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant ProtectionChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193P. R. China
| | - Mareen Geissler
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Bioprocess EngineeringUniversity of HohenheimFruwirthstrasse 12Stuttgart70599Germany
| | - Sophie Trouvelot
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche‐ComtéDijonF‐21000France
| | - Lucile Jacquens
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche‐ComtéDijonF‐21000France
| | - Marius Henkel
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Bioprocess EngineeringUniversity of HohenheimFruwirthstrasse 12Stuttgart70599Germany
| | - Xin Su
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant ProtectionChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193P. R. China
| | - Xuewen Fang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant ProtectionChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193P. R. China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant ProtectionChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193P. R. China
| | - Marielle Adrian
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche‐ComtéDijonF‐21000France
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12
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Rivas-Sendra A, Corral-Martínez P, Porcel R, Camacho-Fernández C, Calabuig-Serna A, Seguí-Simarro JM. Embryogenic competence of microspores is associated with their ability to form a callosic, osmoprotective subintinal layer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:1267-1281. [PMID: 30715473 PMCID: PMC6382338 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Microspore embryogenesis is an experimental morphogenic pathway with important applications in basic research and applied plant breeding, but its genetic, cellular, and molecular bases are poorly understood. We applied a multidisciplinary approach using confocal and electron microscopy, detection of Ca2+, callose, and cellulose, treatments with caffeine, digitonin, and endosidin7, morphometry, qPCR, osmometry, and viability assays in order to study the dynamics of cell wall formation during embryogenesis induction in a high-response rapeseed (Brassica napus) line and two recalcitrant rapeseed and eggplant (Solanum melongena) lines. Formation of a callose-rich subintinal layer (SL) was common to microspore embryogenesis in the different genotypes. However, this process was directly related to embryogenic response, being greater in high-response genotypes. A link could be established between Ca2+ influx, abnormal callose/cellulose deposition, and the genotype-specific embryogenic competence. Callose deposition in inner walls and SLs are independent processes, regulated by different callose synthases. Viability and control of internal osmolality are also related to SL formation. In summary, we identified one of the causes of recalcitrance to embryogenesis induction: a reduced or absent protective SL. In responding genotypes, SLs are markers for changes in cell fate and serve as osmoprotective barriers to increase viability in imbalanced in vitro environments. Genotype-specific differences relate to different responses against abiotic (heat/osmotic) stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Rivas-Sendra
- Cell Biology Group - COMAV Institute, Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Valencia, Spain
- Present address: Universidad Regional Amazónica IKIAM, Tena, Ecuador
| | - Patricia Corral-Martínez
- Cell Biology Group - COMAV Institute, Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosa Porcel
- Cell Biology Group - COMAV Institute, Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Calabuig-Serna
- Cell Biology Group - COMAV Institute, Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Valencia, Spain
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13
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Song S, Wei Z, Huang Y, Guo W, Zhang Y, Yin L, Qu J, Lu J. Comparison of non-anthocyanin polyphenol accumulation in the berry skins of muscadine and European grapes during ripening in China. J Food Biochem 2018; 43:e12696. [PMID: 31353614 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The non-anthocyanin polyphenol accumulation in the berry skins of muscadine grapes from South China during ripening was investigated, in comparison to European grapes, for two consecutive years, using ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem triple quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. A total of 121 components were tentatively identified, consisting of 48 ellagic acids and precursors (EP), 38 flavonols, 20 hydroxybenzoic acids, 6 hydroxycinnamic acids, 5 flavan-3-ols, and 4 stilbenes. EP (mostly ellagic acid derivatives) and flavonols (mainly isorhamnetin and quercetin derivatives) were, respectively, accumulated abundantly in the muscadine and European grape skins. Additionally, their variation had considerable differences during berry maturation. EP in muscadine cv. "Noble" skins showed a small decrease before veraison and a slight increase post-veraison, yet the flavonols significantly increased as berry maturation in European skins, with a few exceptions. This is the interactional result between genotype and environmental factors, which obviously influences the polyphenol composition and concentration. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Muscadine grapes, indigenous to the southeast of United States, have been introduced to South China in recent years. These grapes have unique polyphenol composition that differs from non-muscadine grapes. Their polyphenol properties have been studied extensively in many but there are a few studies in our knowledge about the variation of these compounds at different berry developmental stages. This article evaluates the accumulation of non-anthocyanin polyphenols in muscadine skins during berry maturation, in comparison to European grapes. The findings exhibit the polyphenol characteristics of these grapes cultivated in new locations across South China, and make further efforts to increase breeding quality and agronomic production, through improving preharvest treatments and agronomic performance during berry developmental stages, that lead to a high increase of polyphenol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiren Song
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Wei
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Grain and Oil Processing Institute, Academy of State Administration of Grain, Beijing, China.,College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Grape and Wine Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Wenfeng Guo
- Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Laboratory, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Yin
- Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Laboratory, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Junjie Qu
- Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Laboratory, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Jiang Lu
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Laboratory, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
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14
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Sun M, Voorrips RE, Steenhuis-Broers G, van’t Westende W, Vosman B. Reduced phloem uptake of Myzus persicae on an aphid resistant pepper accession. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:138. [PMID: 29945550 PMCID: PMC6020309 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1340-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The green peach aphid (GPA), Myzus persicae, is economically one of the most threatening pests in pepper cultivation, which not only causes direct damage but also transmits many viruses. Breeding aphid resistant pepper varieties is a promising and environmentally friendly method to control aphid populations in the field and in the greenhouse. Until now, no strong sources of resistance against the GPA have been identified. Therefore the main aims of this study were to identify pepper materials with a good level of resistance to GPA and to elucidate possible resistance mechanisms. RESULTS We screened 74 pepper accessions from different geographical areas for resistance to M. persicae. After four rounds of evaluation we identified one Capsicum baccatum accession (PB2013071) as highly resistant to M. persicae, while the accessions PB2013062 and PB2012022 showed intermediate resistance. The resistance of PB2013071 resulted in a severely reduced uptake of phloem compared to the susceptible accession, as determined by Electrical Penetration Graph (EPG) studies. Feeding of M. persicae induced the expression of callose synthase genes and resulted in callose deposition in the sieve elements in resistant, but not in susceptible plants. CONCLUSIONS Three aphid resistant pepper accessions were identified, which will be important for breeding aphid resistant pepper varieties in the future. The most resistant accession PB2013071 showed phloem-based resistance against aphid infestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjing Sun
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 386, 6700 AJ Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Roeland E. Voorrips
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 386, 6700 AJ Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Greet Steenhuis-Broers
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 386, 6700 AJ Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wendy van’t Westende
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 386, 6700 AJ Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ben Vosman
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 386, 6700 AJ Wageningen, The Netherlands
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15
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Agurto M, Schlechter RO, Armijo G, Solano E, Serrano C, Contreras RA, Zúñiga GE, Arce-Johnson P. RUN1 and REN1 Pyramiding in Grapevine ( Vitis vinifera cv. Crimson Seedless) Displays an Improved Defense Response Leading to Enhanced Resistance to Powdery Mildew ( Erysiphe necator). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:758. [PMID: 28553300 PMCID: PMC5427124 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Fungal pathogens are the cause of the most common diseases in grapevine and among them powdery mildew represents a major focus for disease management. Different strategies for introgression of resistance in grapevine are currently undertaken in breeding programs. For example, introgression of several resistance genes (R) from different sources for making it more durable and also strengthening the plant defense response. Taking this into account, we cross-pollinated P09-105/34, a grapevine plant carrying both RUN1 and REN1 pyramided loci of resistance to Erysiphe necator inherited from a pseudo-backcrossing scheme with Muscadinia rotundifolia and Vitis vinifera 'Dzhandzhal Kara,' respectively, with the susceptible commercial table grape cv. 'Crimson Seedless.' We developed RUN1REN1 resistant genotypes through conventional breeding and identified them by marker assisted selection. The characterization of defense response showed a highly effective defense mechanism against powdery mildew in these plants. Our results reveal that RUN1REN1 grapevine plants display a robust defense response against E. necator, leading to unsuccessful fungal establishment with low penetration rate and poor hypha development. This resistance mechanism includes reactive oxygen species production, callose accumulation, programmed cell death induction and mainly VvSTS36 and VvPEN1 gene activation. RUN1REN1 plants have a great potential as new table grape cultivars with durable complete resistance to E. necator, and are valuable germplasm to be included in grape breeding programs to continue pyramiding with other sources of resistance to grapevine diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Agurto
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología Vegetal, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Rudolf O. Schlechter
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología Vegetal, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Grace Armijo
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología Vegetal, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Esteban Solano
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología Vegetal, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Serrano
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología Vegetal, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo A. Contreras
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biotecnología Vegetal, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología y CEDENNA, Universidad de Santiago de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Gustavo E. Zúñiga
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biotecnología Vegetal, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología y CEDENNA, Universidad de Santiago de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Patricio Arce-Johnson
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología Vegetal, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago, Chile
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16
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Wei Z, Luo J, Huang Y, Guo W, Zhang Y, Guan H, Xu C, Lu J. Profile of Polyphenol Compounds of Five Muscadine Grapes Cultivated in the United States and in Newly Adapted Locations in China. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18030631. [PMID: 28335440 PMCID: PMC5372644 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenol compositions and concentrations in skins and seeds of five muscadine grapes (cv. “Noble”, “Alachua”, “Carlos”, “Fry”, and “Granny Val”) cultivated in the United States (Tallahassee-Florida, TA-FL) and South China (Nanning-Guangxi, NN-GX and Pu’er-Yunnan, PE-YN) were investigated, using ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem triple quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC Triple TOF MS/MS). Fourteen ellagitannins were newly identified in these muscadine grapes. The grapes grown in NN-GX accumulated higher levels of ellagic acid, methyl brevifolin carboxylate, and ellagic acid glucoside in skins, and penta-O-galloyl-glucose in seeds. In PE-YN, more flavonols were detected in skins, and higher contents of flavan-3-ols, ellagic acid, and methyl gallate were identified in seeds. Abundant seed gallic acid and flavonols were found among the grapes grown in TA-FL. Based on principal component analysis (PCA) of 54 evaluation parameters, various cultivars grown in different locations could be grouped together and vice versa for the same cultivar cultivated in different regions. This is the result of the interaction between genotype and environmental conditions, which apparently influences the polyphenol synthesis and accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wei
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Jianming Luo
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yu Huang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Wenfeng Guo
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yali Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Huan Guan
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Changmou Xu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Jiang Lu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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17
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Jiao L, Zhang Y, Lu J. Overexpression of a stress-responsive U-box protein gene VaPUB affects the accumulation of resistance related proteins in Vitis vinifera 'Thompson Seedless'. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 112:53-63. [PMID: 28039816 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Many U-box proteins have been identified and characterized as important factors against environmental stresses such as chilling, heat, salinity and pathogen attack in plant. Our previous research reported the cloning of a novel U-box protein gene VaPUB from Vitis amurensis 'Zuoshanyi' grape and suggested a function of it in related to cold stress in the model plant Arabidopsis system. In this study, the role of VaPUB in response to biotic and abiotic stress was further analyzed in the homologous grapevine system by studying the transcript regulation and the protein accumulation in VaPUB transgenic vines. The expression analysis assay shown that VaPUB was significantly up-regulated 6 h after cold treatment and as early as 2 h post inoculation with Plasmopara viticola, a pathogen causing downy mildew disease in grapevine. Over-expressing VaPUB in V. Vinifera 'Thompson Seedless' affected the microstructure of leaves. The proteome assay shown that the accumulation of pathogenesis-related protein PR10 and many proteins involved in carbon and energy metabolism, oxidation reaction and protein metabolism were significantly altered in transgenic vines. In comparison with wild type plants, the expression level of PR10 family genes was significantly decreased in VaPUB transgenic vines under P. viticola treatment or cold stress. Results from this study showed that the U-box protein gene PUB quickly responded to both biotic stress and abiotic stress and significantly influenced the accumulation of resistance related proteins in grapevine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jiao
- The Viticulture and Enology Program, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China; Center for Viticulture and Enology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- The Viticulture and Enology Program, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jiang Lu
- The Viticulture and Enology Program, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China; Center for Viticulture and Enology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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