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Cui K, He Y, Wang M, Li M, Jiang C, Wang M, He L, Zhang F, Zhou L. Antifungal activity of Ligusticum chuanxiong essential oil and its active composition butylidenephthalide against Sclerotium rolfsii. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:5374-5386. [PMID: 37656744 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peanut stem rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii is an epidemic disastrous soil-borne disease. Recently, natural products tend to be safe alternative antifungal agents to combat pathogens. RESULTS This work determined the preliminary antifungal activity of 29 essential oils against S. rolfsii and found that Ligusticum chuanxiong essential oil (LCEO) showed the best antifungal activity, with an EC50 value of 81.79 mg L-1 . Sixteen components (98.78%) were identified in LCEO by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, the majority by volume comprising five phthalides (93.14%). Among these five phthalides, butylidenephthalide was the most effective compound against S. rolfsii. Butylidenephthalide not only exhibited favorable in vitro antifungal activity against the mycelial growth, sclerotia production and germination of S. rolfsi, but also presented efficient in vivo efficacy in the control of peanut stem rot. Seven days after application in the glasshouse, the protective and curative efficacy of butylidenephthalide at 300 mg L-1 (52.02%, 44.88%) and LCEO at 1000 mg L-1 (49.60%, 44.29%) against S. rolfsii were similar to that of the reference fungicide polyoxin at 300 mg L-1 (54.61%, 48.28%). Butylidenephthalide also significantly decreased the oxalic acid and polygalacturonase content of S. rolfsii, suggesting a decreased infection ability on plants. Results of biochemical actions indicated that butylidenephthalide did not have any effect on the cell membrane integrity and permeability but significantly decreased nutrient contents, disrupted the mitochondrial membrane, inhibited energy metabolism and induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation of S. rolfsii. CONCLUSION Our results could provide an important reference for understanding the application potential and mechanisms of butylidenephthalide in the control of S. rolfsii. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaidi Cui
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Creation and Application of New Pesticide, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Research Center of Green Pesticide Engineering and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ya He
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Creation and Application of New Pesticide, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Research Center of Green Pesticide Engineering and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengke Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Creation and Application of New Pesticide, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Research Center of Green Pesticide Engineering and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Min Li
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Creation and Application of New Pesticide, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Research Center of Green Pesticide Engineering and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chaofan Jiang
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Creation and Application of New Pesticide, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Research Center of Green Pesticide Engineering and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Meizi Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Creation and Application of New Pesticide, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Research Center of Green Pesticide Engineering and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Leiming He
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Creation and Application of New Pesticide, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Research Center of Green Pesticide Engineering and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fulong Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Kingbo Biotech Co., Ltd., Bayan Nur, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Creation and Application of New Pesticide, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Research Center of Green Pesticide Engineering and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
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Tang X, Lei L, Liao A, Sun W, Zhang J, Wu J. Morpholine Derivatives in Agrochemical Discovery and Development. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:13197-13208. [PMID: 37583294 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Derivatives of morpholine are biologically active organic compounds with special structures discovered in multiple drugs. As a result of the terminal pharmacophore of action and extraordinary activity, they attracted fair attention with regard to pesticide innovation and development. Analysis of brief structure-activity relationships and the summarization of the characteristics of pesticides containing morpholine fragments with efficient activity are key steps in the development of novel pesticides. This review primarily overviews morpholine compounds with insecticidal, fungicidal, herbicidal, antiviral, and plant growth regulation properties to provide educational insight for the creation of new morpholine-containing compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Lei
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Anjing Liao
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, People's Republic of China
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Yang Z, Sun X, Jin D, Qiu Y, Wang S, Gu W. Synthesis and antifungal/anti-oomycete activity of novel camphor-based sulfonate derivatives as potential SDH inhibitors. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Li T, Cai M, Wang W, Dai T, Zhang C, Zhang B, Shen J, Wang Y, Liu X. PcCesA1 is involved in the polar growth, cellulose synthesis, and glycosidic linkage crosslinking in the cell wall of Phytophthora capsici. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 208:720-730. [PMID: 35364202 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Phytophthora capsici is a destructive plant pathogen that infects a wide range of hosts worldwide. The P. capsici cell wall, rich in cellulose, is vital for hyphal growth and host interactions. However, the enzymes involved in its synthesis remain largely unelucidated. In the current study, we functionally characterized the cellulose synthase gene PcCesA1, which is highly conserved in Phytophthora. By using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene replacement and in situ complementation system, it was found PcCesA1 is essential for the mycelial growth, cystospore germination, and pathogenicity of P. capsici. The normal deposition of newly synthesized cell wall components and the polar growth point formation were disrupted in PcCesA1 knockout mutants, suggesting that PcCesA1 plays an important role in the polar growth of P. capsici. Compared with the wild-type strains, PcCesA1 knockout mutants displayed a thicker inner layer cell wall and were more sensitive to carboxylic acid amide fungicides (CAAs). The contents of the cell wall polysaccharides 1,4-Glc, 1,4,6-Glc, and 1,3,4-Glc were reduced in PcCesA1 knockout mutants, suggesting that PcCesA1 affected cellulose content and glycosidic linkage crosslinking in the cell wall. Our findings demonstrate that PcCesA1 is required for cell wall biogenesis. Therefore, PcCesA1 may be a potential target for Phytophthora disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengjiao Li
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Meng Cai
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Weizhen Wang
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tan Dai
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Can Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Borui Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jinghuan Shen
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuke Wang
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xili Liu
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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Cai M, Li T, Lu X, Chen L, Wang Q, Liu X. Multiple mutations in the predicted transmembrane domains of the cellulose synthase 3 (CesA3) of Phytophthora capsici can confer semi-dominant resistance to carboxylic acid amide fungicides. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:2343-2351. [PMID: 34793810 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The current study established a clearer understanding of the molecular basis for resistance to carboxylic acid amide (CAA) fungicides. Although four cellulose synthase (CesA) genes were investigated, only F1073L, G1105A, V1109L in CesA3 were found to link to CAA-resistance in Phytophthora capsici. Back-transformation experiments confirmed the role of the three mutations in CAA-resistance. Inheritance studies also confirmed the link and indicated the resistance was semi-dominant with the heterozygous F1 and F2 progeny exhibiting intermediate resistance levels compared to the homozygous parents, which was validated by the pyrosequencing results. The semi-dominant nature of CAA-resistance implies that it could be easy for resistance to spread once resistance emerged, being facilitated by both sexual and asexual reproduction. Bioinformatic analysis indicated all mutations occurred in either the first or second of the predicted transmembrane domains at C-terminus of CesA3. Resistant isolates bearing different combinations of mutations were found to exhibit different resistance levels to different CAAs, indicating that each mutation could make different contributions to resistance phenotype depending on structural differences in different CAAs. The current results highlight the complex combinations of mutations and resistance phenotype, and further reinforces the research necessity to completely characterize CAA-resistance to develop appropriate strategies to manage resistance development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Cai
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China; Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Tengjiao Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Xiaohong Lu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Xili Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China; College of Plant Protection, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China.
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Chen L, Zhao B, Fan Z, Hu M, Li Q, Hu W, Li J, Zhang J. Discovery of Novel Isothiazole, 1,2,3-Thiadiazole, and Thiazole-Based Cinnamamides as Fungicidal Candidates. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:12357-12365. [PMID: 31596575 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A series of isothiazole, 1,2,3-thiadiazole, and thiazole-based cinnamamide morpholine derivatives were rationally designed, synthesized, characterized, and evaluated for their fungicidal activities. Bioassay indicated that a combination of 3,4-dichloroisothiazole active substructures with cinnamamide morpholine lead to significant improvement of in vivo antifungal activities of the target compounds; among them, compound 5a exhibited good fungicidal activity against Pseudoperonspera cubensis in vivo with an inhibition rate of 100% at 100 μg/mL. A field experiment indicated that the difference of efficacy between 5a (75.9%) and dimethomorph (77.1%) at 37.5 g ai/667 m2 was not significant; and 5a also exhibited good activity against Botrytis cinerea by triggering accumulation of PAL and NPR1 defense-related gene expression and the defense associated enzyme phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) expression on cucumber, rather than direct inhibition. These findings strongly supported that 3,4-dichloroisothiazole containing cinnamamide morpholine 5a not only showed good fungicidal activity against P. cubensis but also exhibited plant innate immunity stimulation activity as a promising fungicide candidate with both fungicidal activity and systemic acquired resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Chen
- College of Plant Protection , Hebei Agricultural University , Baoding 071001 , P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , P. R. China
- Biological Control Center of Plant Diseases and Plant Pests of Hebei Province , Baoding 071001 , P. R. China
| | - Bin Zhao
- College of Plant Protection , Hebei Agricultural University , Baoding 071001 , P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , P. R. China
| | - Zhijin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , P. R. China
| | - Mengxu Hu
- College of Plant Protection , Hebei Agricultural University , Baoding 071001 , P. R. China
| | - Qing Li
- College of Life Sciences , Hebei Agricultural University , Baoding 071001 , P. R. China
| | - Wenhao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , P. R. China
| | - Jiwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , P. R. China
| | - Jinlin Zhang
- College of Plant Protection , Hebei Agricultural University , Baoding 071001 , P. R. China
- Biological Control Center of Plant Diseases and Plant Pests of Hebei Province , Baoding 071001 , P. R. China
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Lei P, Ling Y, An J, Nolan SP, Szostak M. 2‐Methyltetrahydrofuran (2‐MeTHF): A Green Solvent for Pd−NHC‐Catalyzed Amide and Ester Suzuki‐Miyaura Cross‐Coupling by N−C/O−C Cleavage. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lei
- College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F University, Yangling Shaanxi 712100 China
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of ScienceChina Agricultural University Beijing 100193 China
- Department of ChemistryRutgers University 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 United States
| | - Yun Ling
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of ScienceChina Agricultural University Beijing 100193 China
| | - Jie An
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of ScienceChina Agricultural University Beijing 100193 China
| | - Steven P. Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable ChemistryGhent University Krijgslaan 281 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of ChemistryRutgers University 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 United States
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Hu Z, Dai T, Li L, Liu P, Liu X. Use of GC-MS based metabolic fingerprinting for fast exploration of fungicide modes of action. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:141. [PMID: 31234789 PMCID: PMC6591849 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1508-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The widespread occurrence of fungicide resistance in fungal plant pathogens requires the development of new compounds with different mode(s) of action (MOA) to avoid cross resistance. This will require a rapid method to identify MOAs. RESULTS Here, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) based metabolic fingerprinting was used to elucidate the MOAs of fungicides. Botrytis cinerea, an important pathogen of vegetables and flowers, can be inhibited by a wide range of chemical fungicides with different MOAs. A sensitive strain of B. cinerea was exposed to EC50 concentrations of 13 fungicides with different known MOAs and one with unknown MOA. The mycelial extracts were analyzed for their "metabolic fingerprint" using GC-MS. A comparison among the GC-MS vector' profiles of cultures treated with fungicides were performeded. A model based on hierarchical clustering was established which allowed these antifungal compounds to be distinguished and classified coinciding with their MOAs. Thus, metabolic fingerprinting represents a rapid, convenient, and information-rich method for classifying the MOAs of antifungal substances. The biomarkers of fungicide MOAs were also established by an analysis of variance and included succinate for succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors and cystathionine for methionine synthesis inhibitors. Using the metabolic model and the common perturbation of metabolites, the new fungicide SYP-14288 was identified as having the same MOA as fluazinam. CONCLUSION This study provides a comprehensive database of the metabolic perturbations of B. cinerea induced by diverse MOA inhibitors and highlights the utility of metabolic fingerprinting for defining MOAs, which will assist in the development and optimization of new fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Hu
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Tan Dai
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xili Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
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Mei X, Liu Y, Huang H, Du F, Huang L, Wu J, Li Y, Zhu S, Yang M. Benzothiazole inhibits the growth of Phytophthora capsici through inducing apoptosis and suppressing stress responses and metabolic detoxification. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 154:7-16. [PMID: 30765059 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Benzothiazole (BZO) is an antimicrobial secondary metabolite volatilized by many plants and microbes. However, the mechanism of BZO against phytopathogens is still unclear. Here, we found that BZO has antimicrobial activity against the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora capsici. Transcriptome and proteome analyses demonstrated that BZO significantly suppressed the expression of genes and proteins involved in morphology, abiotic stress defense and detoxification, but induced the activity of apoptosis. Annexin V-FITC/PI staining confirmed that the process of apoptosis was significantly induced by BZO at concentration of 150 mg L-1. FITC-phalloidin actin-cytoskeleton staining combined with hyphal cell wall staining and hyphal ultrastructure studies further confirmed that BZO disrupted the cell membrane and hyphal morphology through disrupting the cytoskeleton, eventually inhibiting the growth of hyphae. These data demonstrated that BZO has multiple modes of action and may act as potential leading compound for the development of new oomycete fungicides. These results also showed that the combination of transcriptomic and proteomic approaches was a useful method for exploring the novel antifungal mechanisms of natural compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Mei
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yixiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; Key Laboratory for Agro-biodiversity and Pest Control of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Huichuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; Key Laboratory for Agro-biodiversity and Pest Control of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Fei Du
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; Key Laboratory for Agro-biodiversity and Pest Control of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Lanlin Huang
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Jiaqing Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; Key Laboratory for Agro-biodiversity and Pest Control of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yiwen Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; Key Laboratory for Agro-biodiversity and Pest Control of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Shusheng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China.
| | - Min Yang
- Key Laboratory for Agro-biodiversity and Pest Control of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China.
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Liu X, Xiao Y, Li JQ, Fu B, Qin Z. 1,1-Diaryl compounds as important bioactive module in pesticides. Mol Divers 2018; 23:809-820. [DOI: 10.1007/s11030-018-9895-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Yang M, Chuan Y, Guo C, Liao J, Xu Y, Mei X, Liu Y, Huang H, He X, Zhu S. Panax notoginseng Root Cell Death Caused by the Autotoxic Ginsenoside Rg 1 Is Due to Over-Accumulation of ROS, as Revealed by Transcriptomic and Cellular Approaches. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:264. [PMID: 29541087 PMCID: PMC5836058 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Panax notoginseng is a highly valuable medicinal herb, but its culture is strongly hindered by replant failure, mainly due to autotoxicity. Deciphering the response mechanisms of plants to autotoxins is critical for overcoming the observed autotoxicity. Here, we elucidated the response of P. notoginseng to the autotoxic ginsenoside Rg1 via transcriptomic and cellular approaches. Cellular analyses demonstrated that Rg1 inhibited root growth by disrupting the cell membrane and wall. Transcriptomic analyses confirmed that genes related to the cell membrane, cell wall decomposition and reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism were up-regulated by Rg1 stress. Further cellular analyses revealed that Rg1 induced ROS ([Formula: see text] and H2O2) accumulation in root cells by suppressing ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and the activities of enzymes involved in the ascorbate-glutathione (ASC-GSH) cycle. Exogenous antioxidants (ASC and gentiobiose) helped cells scavenge over-accumulated ROS by promoting superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and the ASC-GSH cycle. Collectively, the autotoxin Rg1 caused root cell death by inducing the over-accumulation of ROS, and the use of exogenous antioxidants could represent a strategy for overcoming autotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory for Agro-biodiversity and Pest Control of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Youcong Chuan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory for Agro-biodiversity and Pest Control of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Cunwu Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory for Agro-biodiversity and Pest Control of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jingjing Liao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory for Agro-biodiversity and Pest Control of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yanguo Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory for Agro-biodiversity and Pest Control of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Xinyue Mei
- Key Laboratory for Agro-biodiversity and Pest Control of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yixiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory for Agro-biodiversity and Pest Control of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Huichuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory for Agro-biodiversity and Pest Control of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiahong He
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory for Agro-biodiversity and Pest Control of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Shusheng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory for Agro-biodiversity and Pest Control of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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Meng G, Shi S, Szostak M. Palladium-Catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura Cross-Coupling of Amides via Site-Selective N–C Bond Cleavage by Cooperative Catalysis. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b02323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangrong Meng
- Department
of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Shicheng Shi
- Department
of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department
of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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Fang Y, Zhang L, Jiao Y, Liao J, Luo L, Ji S, Li J, Dai K, Zhu S, Yang M. Tobacco Rotated with Rapeseed for Soil-Borne Phytophthora Pathogen Biocontrol: Mediated by Rapeseed Root Exudates. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:894. [PMID: 27379037 PMCID: PMC4904020 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Black shank, caused by Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae, is a widespread and destructive disease of tobacco. Crop rotation is essential in controlling black shank. Here, we confirmed that rotating black shank-infested fields with rapeseed (Brassica napus) suppressed the incidence this disease. Further study demonstrated that rapeseed roots have a strong ability to attract zoospores and subsequently stop the swimming of zoospores into cystospores. Then, rapeseed roots secrete a series of antimicrobial compounds, including 2-butenoic acid, benzothiazole, 2-(methylthio)benzothiazole, 1-(4-ethylphenyl)-ethanone, and 4-methoxyindole, to inhibit the cystospore germination and mycelial growth of P. parasitica var. nicotianae. Thus, rapeseed rotated with tobacco suppresses tobacco black shank disease through the chemical weapons secreted by rapeseed roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming, China
- Key Laboratory for Agro-biodiversity and Pest Control of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming, China
| | | | - Yongge Jiao
- Yunnan Tobacco Company, Yuxi BranchYuxi, China
| | - Jingjing Liao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming, China
- Key Laboratory for Agro-biodiversity and Pest Control of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming, China
| | - Lifen Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming, China
- Key Laboratory for Agro-biodiversity and Pest Control of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming, China
| | - Sigui Ji
- Yunnan Tobacco Company, Yuxi BranchYuxi, China
| | | | - Kuai Dai
- Yunnan Tobacco Company, Yuxi BranchYuxi, China
| | - Shusheng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming, China
- Key Laboratory for Agro-biodiversity and Pest Control of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming, China
| | - Min Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming, China
- Key Laboratory for Agro-biodiversity and Pest Control of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming, China
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14
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Pang Z, Chen L, Mu W, Liu L, Liu X. Insights into the adaptive response of the plant-pathogenic oomycete Phytophthora capsici to the fungicide flumorph. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24103. [PMID: 27050922 PMCID: PMC4822174 DOI: 10.1038/srep24103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytophthora capsici is an important oomycete plant pathogen that causes significant losses worldwide. The carboxylic acid amide fungicide flumorph has shown excellent activity against oomycete plant pathogens. Despite its potential, there remains concern that the sexual reproduction of oomycete pathogens, which results in genetic recombination, could result in the rapid development of resistance to flumorph. The current study utilized an iTRAQ (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation) based method to compare differences between the proteome of the parental P. capsici isolate PCAS1 and its sexual progeny S2-838, which exhibits significant resistance to flumorph. A total of 2396 individual proteins were identified, of these, 181 were considered to be associated with the adaptive response of P. capsici to flumorph. The subsequent bioinformatic analysis revealed that the adaptive response of P. capsici to flumorph was complex and regulated by multiple mechanisms, including utilising carbohydrate from the host environment to compensate for the cell wall stress induced by flumorph, a shift in energy generation, decreased amino acids biosynthesis, and elevated levels of proteins associated with the pathogen's response to stimulus and transmembrane transport. Moreover, the results of the study provided crucial data that could provide the basis for early monitoring of flumorph resistance in field populations of P. capsici.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhili Pang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Wenjun Mu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, P. R. China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xili Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
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15
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Hua C, Kots K, Ketelaar T, Govers F, Meijer HJG. Effect of Flumorph on F-Actin Dynamics in the Potato Late Blight Pathogen Phytophthora infestans. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2015; 105:419-423. [PMID: 25496300 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-04-14-0119-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Oomycetes are fungal-like pathogens that cause notorious diseases. Protecting crops against oomycetes requires regular spraying with chemicals, many with an unknown mode of action. In the 1990s, flumorph was identified as a novel crop protection agent. It was shown to inhibit the growth of oomycete pathogens including Phytophthora spp., presumably by targeting actin. We recently generated transgenic Phytophthora infestans strains that express Lifeact-enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP), which enabled us to monitor the actin cytoskeleton during hyphal growth. For analyzing effects of oomicides on the actin cytoskeleton in vivo, the P. infestans Lifeact-eGFP strain is an excellent tool. Here, we confirm that flumorph is an oomicide with growth inhibitory activity. Microscopic analyses showed that low flumorph concentrations provoked hyphal tip swellings accompanied by accumulation of actin plaques in the apex, a feature reminiscent of tips of nongrowing hyphae. At higher concentrations, swelling was more pronounced and accompanied by an increase in hyphal bursting events. However, in hyphae that remained intact, actin filaments were indistinguishable from those in nontreated, nongrowing hyphae. In contrast, in hyphae treated with the actin depolymerizing drug latrunculin B, no hyphal bursting was observed but the actin filaments were completely disrupted. This difference demonstrates that actin is not the primary target of flumorph.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenlei Hua
- First, second, fourth, and fifth authors: Laboratory of Phytopathology, and second and third authors: Laboratory of Cell Biology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands; and fourth author: Centre for BioSystems Genomics, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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16
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Plant-plant-microbe mechanisms involved in soil-borne disease suppression on a maize and pepper intercropping system. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115052. [PMID: 25551554 PMCID: PMC4281244 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intercropping systems could increase crop diversity and avoid vulnerability to biotic stresses. Most studies have shown that intercropping can provide relief to crops against wind-dispersed pathogens. However, there was limited data on how the practice of intercropping help crops against soil-borne Phytophthora disease. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Compared to pepper monoculture, a large scale intercropping study of maize grown between pepper rows reduced disease levels of the soil-borne pepper Phytophthora blight. These reduced disease levels of Phytophthora in the intercropping system were correlated with the ability of maize plants to form a "root wall" that restricted the movement of Phytophthora capsici across rows. Experimentally, it was found that maize roots attracted the zoospores of P. capsici and then inhibited their growth. When maize plants were grown in close proximity to each other, the roots produced and secreted larger quantities of 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (DIMBOA) and 6-methoxy-2-benzoxazolinone (MBOA). Furthermore, MBOA, benzothiazole (BZO), and 2-(methylthio)-benzothiazole (MBZO) were identified in root exudates of maize and showed antimicrobial activity against P. capsici. CONCLUSIONS Maize could form a "root wall" to restrict the spread of P. capsici across rows in maize and pepper intercropping systems. Antimicrobe compounds secreted by maize root were one of the factors that resulted in the inhibition of P. capsici. These results provide new insights into plant-plant-microbe mechanisms involved in intercropping systems.
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17
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Mei X, Yang M, Ding X, Bi Y, Chen L, Deng W, Dong Y, Su Y, He X, Zhu S, Liu X. Proteomic analysis of zoxamide-induced changes in Phytophthora cactorum. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 113:31-9. [PMID: 25052524 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the global proteomic response of Phytophthora cactorum to zoxamide was evaluated using a two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE)-based proteomic approach. Among the 21 proteins identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF MS), four cytoskeleton-related proteins were down-regulated upon addition of zoxamide. Five detoxification metabolism enzymes, seven sugar metabolism proteins and one mitochondria-related protein were up-regulated by more than 2-fold in response to zoxamide. Taken together, these results suggest that zoxamide can decrease the expression of cytoskeleton-related proteins of P. cactorum, resulting in cell death; however, the up-regulation of detoxification metabolism-related enzymes may protect P. cactorum against zoxamide, and the up-regulation of proteins related to sugar metabolism and mitochondria may lead to the generation of more energy for detoxification metabolism. These data also suggest that proteomics may be useful not only in exploring the mode of action of fungicides but also for gaining insight into the resistance mechanisms that pathogens employ against fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Mei
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Min Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xupo Ding
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yang Bi
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Tsinghua Eastern Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Weiping Deng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yumei Dong
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuan Su
- Life Science and Technology Department of Kunming University, Kunming 650214, China
| | - Xiahong He
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Shusheng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
| | - Xili Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Liu P, Wang H, Zhou Y, Meng Q, Si N, Hao JJ, Liu X. Evaluation of fungicides enestroburin and SYP1620 on their inhibitory activities to fungi and oomycetes and systemic translocation in plants. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 112:19-25. [PMID: 24974113 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Enestroburin and SYP1620 are newly developed strobilurin chemicals carrying fungicidal activity and need to be fully characterized in activities of anti-oomycete or anti-fungi, disease prevention and systemic translocation in planta. Their inhibitory activities were examined by amending the chemical in agar media, on which selected plant pathogens were grown and mycelial growth were measured. Effective concentrations for 50% inhibition (EC50) of mycelial growth were calculated to determine the level of fungicide sensitivity of the pathogen. Azoxystrobin was used as control. To examine the prevention and systemic translocation in plants, the fungicides were either sprayed on wheat leaves or dipped on wheat roots, which then were detected using high performance liquid chromatography. All the three fungicides inhibited mycelial growth of Sphacelotheca reiliana, Phytophthora infestans, Peronophythora litchi, and Magnaporthe oryzae, with EC50 values ranging from 0.02 to 2.84μg/ml; EC50 of SYP1620 was significantly lower than that of azoxystrobin and enestroburin on Valsa mali, Gaeumannomyces graminis, Alternaria solani, and Colletotrichun orbiculare. The three QoI fungicides showed strong inhibitory activities on spore germination against the 13 pathogens tested and were highly effective on biotrophic pathogens tested. Enestroburin and SYP1620 penetrated and spread in wheat leaves, but the penetration and translocation levels were lower compared to azoxystrobin. The three fungicides were all rapidly taken up by wheat roots and transported upwards, with greater fungicide concentrations in roots than in stems and leaves. The results indicate that enestroburin and SYP1620 are systemic fungicides that inhibit a broad spectrum of fungi and oomycetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Haiqiang Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxin Zhou
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingxiao Meng
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Naiguo Si
- State Key Laboratory of the Discovery and Development of Novel Pesticide, China Shenyang Research Institute of the Chemical Industry, Shenyang, China
| | - Jianjun J Hao
- School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Xili Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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19
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Meijer HJG, Hua C, Kots K, Ketelaar T, Govers F. Actin dynamics inPhytophthora infestans; rapidly reorganizing cables and immobile, long-lived plaques. Cell Microbiol 2014; 16:948-61. [DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harold J. G. Meijer
- Laboratory of Phytopathology; Wageningen University; Droevendaalsesteeg 1 Wageningen 6708 PB The Netherlands
| | - Chenlei Hua
- Laboratory of Phytopathology; Wageningen University; Droevendaalsesteeg 1 Wageningen 6708 PB The Netherlands
| | - Kiki Kots
- Laboratory of Phytopathology; Wageningen University; Droevendaalsesteeg 1 Wageningen 6708 PB The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Biology; Wageningen University; Droevendaalsesteeg 1 Wageningen 6708 PB The Netherlands
| | - Tijs Ketelaar
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Biology; Wageningen University; Droevendaalsesteeg 1 Wageningen 6708 PB The Netherlands
| | - Francine Govers
- Laboratory of Phytopathology; Wageningen University; Droevendaalsesteeg 1 Wageningen 6708 PB The Netherlands
- Centre for BioSystems Genomics; Droevendaalsesteeg 1 Wageningen 6708 PB The Netherlands
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20
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DNA Damage and Effects on Antioxidative Enzymes in Earthworm (Eisenia fetida) Induced by Flumorph. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 172:2276-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0662-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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Ketelaar T, Meijer HJG, Spiekerman M, Weide R, Govers F. Effects of latrunculin B on the actin cytoskeleton and hyphal growth in Phytophthora infestans. Fungal Genet Biol 2012; 49:1014-22. [PMID: 23036581 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2012.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Revised: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is conserved in all eukaryotes, but its functions vary among different organisms. In oomycetes, the function of the actin cytoskeleton has received relatively little attention. We have performed a bioinformatics study and show that oomycete actin genes fall within a distinct clade that is divergent from plant, fungal and vertebrate actin genes. To obtain a better understanding of the functions of the actin cytoskeleton in hyphal growth of oomycetes, we studied the actin organization in Phytophthora infestans hyphae and the consequences of treatment with the actin depolymerising drug latrunculin B (latB). This revealed that latB treatment causes a concentration dependent inhibition of colony expansion and aberrant hyphal growth. The most obvious aberrations observed upon treatment with 0.1 μM latB were increased hyphal branching and irregular tube diameters whereas at higher concentrations latB (0.5 and 1 μM) tips of expanding hyphae changed into balloon-like shapes. This aberrant growth correlated with changes in the organization of the actin cytoskeleton. In untreated hyphae, staining with fluorescently tagged phalloidin revealed two populations of actin filaments: long, axially oriented actin filament cables and cortical actin filament plaques. Two hyphal subtypes were recognized, one containing only plaques and the other containing both cables and plaques. In the latter, some hyphae had an apical zone without actin filament plaques. Upon latB treatment, the proportion of hyphae without actin filament cables increased and there were more hyphae with a short apical zone without actin filament plaques. In general, actin filament plaques were more resilient against actin depolymerisation than actin filament cables. Besides disturbing hyphal growth and actin organization, actin depolymerisation also affected the positioning of nuclei. In the presence of latB, the distance between nuclei and the hyphal tip decreased, suggesting that the actin cytoskeleton plays a role in preventing the movement of nuclei towards the hyphal tip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijs Ketelaar
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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22
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Uterotrophic assay, Hershberger assay, and repeated 28-day oral toxicity study of flumorph based on the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development draft protocols. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 63:143-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2009.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2009] [Accepted: 11/06/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Lu XH, Zhu SS, Bi Y, Liu XL, Hao JJ. Baseline sensitivity and resistance-risk assessment of Phytophthora capsici to iprovalicarb. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2010; 100:1162-1168. [PMID: 20932164 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-12-09-0351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Iprovalicarb has been used to control Phytophthora capsici, a devastating pathogen of many economically important crops. To evaluate the risk of fungicide resistance, 158 isolates of P. capsici were examined for sensitivity to iprovalicarb by measuring mycelial growth. Values of effective concentrations for 50% mycelial growth inhibition varied from 0.2042 to 0.5540 μg/ml and averaged 0.3923 (±0.0552) μg/ml, with a unimodal distribution. This is the first report of P. capsici isolates highly resistant to iprovalicarb (resistance factor >100). Resistance of the isolates was stable through 10 transfers on iprovalicarb-free medium, and most resistant isolates had the same level of fitness (mycelial growth, zoospore production, and virulence) as their corresponding parents, indicating that iprovalicarb resistance was independent from other general growth characters. There was cross-resistance among all tested carboxylic acid amide (CAA) fungicides, including iprovalicarb, flumorph, dimethomorph, and mandipropamid, but not with non-CAA fungicides, including azoxystrobin, chlorothalonil, cymoxanil, etridiazole, metalaxyl, and zoxamide. Based on the present results, resistance risk of P. capsici to CAAs could be moderate and resistance management should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Hong Lu
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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24
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A single point mutation in the novel PvCesA3 gene confers resistance to the carboxylic acid amide fungicide mandipropamid in Plasmopara viticola. Fungal Genet Biol 2010; 47:499-510. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2010.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2009] [Revised: 02/20/2010] [Accepted: 02/28/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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25
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Yan X, Qin W, Sun L, Qi S, Yang D, Qin Z, Yuan H. Study of inhibitory effects and action mechanism of the novel fungicide pyrimorph against Phytophthora capsici. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:2720-2725. [PMID: 20000417 DOI: 10.1021/jf902410x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The antifungal activity of the novel fungicide pyrimorph, (E)-3-[(2-chloropyridine-4-y1)-3-(4-tert-butylpheny1)acryloyl]morpholin, against Phytophthora capsici was investigated in vitro. Pyrimorph inhibited different stages in the life cycle of P. capsici including mycelial growth, sporangium production, zoospore release, and cystospore germination with EC(50) values of 1.84, 0.17, 4.92, and 0.09 microg mL(-1), respectively. The effect of pyrimorph on mycelial growth was reduced by the addition of different concentrations of ATP, which suggested that the action mechanism of pyrimorph was connected with impairment of the energy generation system. Meanwhile, pyrimorph exhibited certain inhibition on metabolic approaches of Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas (EMP), tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), and hexosemonophosphate (HMP) by measuring the oxygen consumption of pyrimorph combining with three representative inhibitors to the metabolic approaches. The results indicated that pyrimorph could inhibit the approach of HMP significantly. Morphological and ultrastructural studies showed that pyrimorph caused excessive septation and swelling of hyphae, distortion and disruption of most vacuoles, thickening and development a multilayer cell wall, and accumulation of dense bodies. These results suggested pyrimorph exhibited multiple modes of action including impairment of the energy generation system and effect on cell wall biosynthesis directly or indirectly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Yan
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Chemistry and Application Technology, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
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26
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Blum M, Boehler M, Randall E, Young V, Csukai M, Kraus S, Moulin F, Scalliet G, Avrova AO, Whisson SC, Fonne-Pfister R. Mandipropamid targets the cellulose synthase-like PiCesA3 to inhibit cell wall biosynthesis in the oomycete plant pathogen, Phytophthora infestans. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2010; 11:227-43. [PMID: 20447272 PMCID: PMC6640402 DOI: 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2009.00604.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Oomycete plant pathogens cause a wide variety of economically and environmentally important plant diseases. Mandipropamid (MPD) is a carboxylic acid amide (CAA) effective against downy mildews, such as Plasmopara viticola on grapes and potato late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans. Historically, the identification of the mode of action of oomycete-specific control agents has been problematic. Here, we describe how a combination of biochemical and genetic techniques has been utilized to identify the molecular target of MPD in P. infestans. Phytophthora infestans germinating cysts treated with MPD produced swelling symptoms typical of cell wall synthesis inhibitors, and these effects were reversible after washing with H(2)O. Uptake studies with (14)C-labelled MPD showed that this oomycete control agent acts on the cell wall and does not enter the cell. Furthermore, (14)C glucose incorporation into cellulose was perturbed in the presence of MPD which, taken together, suggests that the inhibition of cellulose synthesis is the primary effect of MPD. Laboratory mutants, insensitive to MPD, were raised by ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) mutagenesis, and gene sequence analysis of cellulose synthase genes in these mutants revealed two point mutations in the PiCesA3 gene, known to be involved in cellulose synthesis. Both mutations in the PiCesA3 gene result in a change to the same amino acid (glycine-1105) in the protein. The transformation and expression of a mutated PiCesA3 allele was carried out in a sensitive wild-type isolate to demonstrate that the mutations in PiCesA3 were responsible for the MPD insensitivity phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Blum
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland
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Biological Mode of Action of Dimethomorph on Pseudoperonospora cubensis and Its Systemic Activity in Cucumber. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1671-2927(09)60025-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Rubin AE, Gotlieb D, Gisi U, Cohen Y. Mutagenesis of Phytophthora infestans for Resistance Against Carboxylic Acid Amide and Phenylamide Fungicides. PLANT DISEASE 2008; 92:675-683. [PMID: 30769584 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-92-5-0675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The carboxylic acid amide (CAA) fungicides mandipropamid, dimethomorph, iprovalicarb, and the phenylamide fungicide mefenoxam (MFX, the active enantiomer of metalaxyl) are anti-oomycete fungicides effective against downy mildews and late blight. Resistance against MFX was reported in nature in several oomycetes including Phytophthora infestans and Plasmopara viticola, whereas resistance against CAAs was reported in P. viticola but not in P. infestans. In this study the mutability of P. infestans for resistance against CAAs and MFX (as a control) was explored under laboratory conditions. UV light or chemical mutagens (e.g., ethyl methan sulfonate [EMS]) were applied to sporangia, and the emergence of mutants resistant to CAAs or MFX, or with altered mating type, was followed. Many mutants resistant to CAAs developed at generation 0 after mutagenesis, but all showed erratic, instable resistance in planta, diminishing after 1 to 8 asexual infection cycles, and failed to grow on CAA-amended medium. In contrast, 19 mutants resistant to MFX were obtained: 6 with UV irradiation (in isolates 28 or 96) and 13 with EMS (in isolates 408, 409, and 410). In three experiments, a shift in mating type, from A1 to A2, was detected. To elucidate whether or not resistance to CAAs is recessive and therefore might emerge only after sexual recombination, A1 and A2 mutants were crossed and the F1 and F2 progeny isolates were tested for resistance. Offspring isolates segregated for resistance to MFX, with resistant isolates maintaining stable resistance in vitro and in planta, whereas all progeny isolates failed to show stable resistance to CAAs in planta or in vitro. The data suggest that P. infestans could be artificially mutated for resistance against MFX, but not against CAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avia Evgenia Rubin
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel 52900
| | - Dror Gotlieb
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel 52900
| | - Ulrich Gisi
- Syngenta Crop Protection, Stein, CH-4332, Switzerland
| | - Yigal Cohen
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel 52900
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