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Traut M, Kowalczyk-Zieba I, Boruszewska D, Jaworska J, Gąsiorowska S, Lukaszuk K, Ropka-Molik K, Piórkowska K, Szmatoła T, Woclawek-Potocka I. Deregulation of oxidative phosphorylation pathways in embryos derived in vitro from prepubertal and pubertal heifers based on whole-transcriptome sequencing. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:632. [PMID: 38914933 PMCID: PMC11197288 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10532-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although, oocytes from prepubertal donors are known to be less developmentally competent than those from adult donors it does not restrain their ability to produce full-term pregnancies. The transcriptomic profile of embryos could be used as a predictor for embryo's individual developmental competence. The aim of the study was to compare transcriptomic profile of blastocysts derived from prepubertal and pubertal heifers oocytes. Bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were obtained by ovum pick- up method from prepubertal and pubertal heifers. After in vitro maturation COCs were fertilized and cultured to the blastocyst stage. Total RNA was isolated from both groups of blastocysts and RNA-seq was performed. Gene ontology analysis was performed by DAVID (Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery). RESULTS A higher average blastocyst rate was obtained in the pubertal than in the pre-pubertal group. There were no differences in the quality of blastocysts between the examined groups. We identified 436 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between blastocysts derived from researched groups, of which 247 DEGs were downregulated in blastocysts derived from pubertal compared to prepubertal heifers oocytes, and 189 DEGs were upregulated. The genes involved in mitochondrial function, including oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) were found to be different in studied groups using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes (KEGG) pathway analysis and 8 of those DEGs were upregulated and 1 was downregulated in blastocysts derived from pubertal compared to prepubertal heifers oocytes. DEGs associated with mitochondrial function were found: ATP synthases (ATP5MF-ATP synthase membrane subunit f, ATP5PD- ATP synthase peripheral stalk subunit d, ATP12A- ATPase H+/K + transporting non-gastric alpha2 subunit), NADH dehydrogenases (NDUFS3- NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit core subunit S3, NDUFA13- NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A13, NDUFA3- NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A3), cytochrome c oxidase (COX17), cytochrome c somatic (CYCS) and ubiquinol cytochrome c reductase core protein 1 (UQCRC1). We found lower number of apoptotic cells in blastocysts derived from oocytes collected from prepubertal than those obtained from pubertal donors. CONCLUSIONS Despite decreased expression of genes associated with OXPHOS pathway in blastocysts from prepubertal heifers oocytes, the increased level of ATP12A together with the lower number of apoptotic cells in these blastocysts might support their survival after transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Traut
- Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, 10-747, Poland
| | - Ilona Kowalczyk-Zieba
- Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, 10-747, Poland
| | - Dorota Boruszewska
- Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, 10-747, Poland
| | - Joanna Jaworska
- Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, 10-747, Poland
| | - Sandra Gąsiorowska
- Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, 10-747, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Lukaszuk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, 80-210, Poland
- Invicta Research and Development Center, Sopot, 81-740, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ropka-Molik
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1 St, Balice, 32-083, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Piórkowska
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1 St, Balice, 32-083, Poland
| | - Tomasz Szmatoła
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1 St, Balice, 32-083, Poland
- Center for Experimental and Innovative Medicine, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Redzina 1c, Krakow, 30-248, Poland
| | - Izabela Woclawek-Potocka
- Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, 10-747, Poland.
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Kang JS, Joo MD, Lee SH, Kang SM, Haider Z, Perera CD, Idrees M, Jin Y, Kong IK. Effect of additional cytoplasm injection on the cloned bovine embryo organelle distribution and stress mitigation. Theriogenology 2024; 216:12-19. [PMID: 38147714 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Although somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a critical component of animal cloning, this approach has several issues. We previously introduced the cytoplasm injection cloning technology (CICT), which significantly improves the quality and quantity of cloned embryos. This study examined the residual status of fused cytoplasmic organelles, such as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and lysosomes, in the CICT group during early embryo development. We found that extra-cytoplasmic organelles stained using the ER-Tracker™ Green dye and LysoTracker™ Deep Red probe were fused and dispersed throughout the recipient oocyte and were still visible in day 8 blastocysts. We screened for ER stress, autophagy, and apoptosis-related genes to elucidate the association between the added organelles and improved embryo quality in CICT-cloned embryos. We found that CHOP, ATF4, ATG5, ATG7, and LC3 genes showed non-significantly up- or downregulated expression between CICT- and in vitro fertilization (IVF)-derived embryos but showed significantly (p < 0.05) upregulated expression in SCNT-cloned embryos. Surprisingly, a non-significant difference in the expression of some genes, such as ATF6 and caspase-3, was observed between the CICT- and SCNT-cloned embryos. Our findings imply that compared to conventional SCNT cloning, CICT-derived cloned embryos with additional cytoplasm have much higher organelle activity, lower autophagy, lower rates of apoptosis, and higher embryo development rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Su Kang
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Graduate School of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea.
| | - Myeong-Don Joo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Graduate School of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seo-Hyeon Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Graduate School of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Min Kang
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Graduate School of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Zaheer Haider
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Graduate School of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Chalani Dilshani Perera
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Graduate School of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Idrees
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Graduate School of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea; Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongxun Jin
- Department of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, PR China.
| | - Il-Keun Kong
- Department of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, PR China; Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Graduate School of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea; Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea; Thekingkong Co. Ltd., Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea.
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Kandouz M. Cell Death, by Any Other Name…. Cells 2024; 13:325. [PMID: 38391938 PMCID: PMC10886887 DOI: 10.3390/cells13040325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Studies trying to understand cell death, this ultimate biological process, can be traced back to a century ago. Yet, unlike many other fashionable research interests, research on cell death is more alive than ever. New modes of cell death are discovered in specific contexts, as are new molecular pathways. But what is "cell death", really? This question has not found a definitive answer yet. Nevertheless, part of the answer is irreversibility, whereby cells can no longer recover from stress or injury. Here, we identify the most distinctive features of different modes of cell death, focusing on the executive final stages. In addition to the final stages, these modes can differ in their triggering stimulus, thus referring to the initial stages. Within this framework, we use a few illustrative examples to examine how intercellular communication factors in the demise of cells. First, we discuss the interplay between cell-cell communication and cell death during a few steps in the early development of multicellular organisms. Next, we will discuss this interplay in a fully developed and functional tissue, the gut, which is among the most rapidly renewing tissues in the body and, therefore, makes extensive use of cell death. Furthermore, we will discuss how the balance between cell death and communication is modified during a pathological condition, i.e., colon tumorigenesis, and how it could shed light on resistance to cancer therapy. Finally, we briefly review data on the role of cell-cell communication modes in the propagation of cell death signals and how this has been considered as a potential therapeutic approach. Far from vainly trying to provide a comprehensive review, we launch an invitation to ponder over the significance of cell death diversity and how it provides multiple opportunities for the contribution of various modes of intercellular communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustapha Kandouz
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 East Canfield Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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Budrewicz J, Chavez SL. Insights into embryonic chromosomal instability: mechanisms of DNA elimination during mammalian preimplantation development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1344092. [PMID: 38374891 PMCID: PMC10875028 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1344092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Mammalian preimplantation embryos often contend with aneuploidy that arose either by the inheritance of meiotic errors from the gametes, or from mitotic mis-segregation events that occurred following fertilization. Regardless of the origin, mis-segregated chromosomes become encapsulated in micronuclei (MN) that are spatially isolated from the main nucleus. Much of our knowledge of MN formation comes from dividing somatic cells during tumorigenesis, but the error-prone cleavage-stage of early embryogenesis is fundamentally different. One unique aspect is that cellular fragmentation (CF), whereby small subcellular bodies pinch off embryonic blastomeres, is frequently observed. CF has been detected in both in vitro and in vivo-derived embryos and likely represents a response to chromosome mis-segregation since it only appears after MN formation. There are multiple fates for MN, including sequestration into CFs, but the molecular mechanism(s) by which this occurs remains unclear. Due to nuclear envelope rupture, the chromosomal material contained within MN and CFs becomes susceptible to double stranded-DNA breaks. Despite this damage, embryos may still progress to the blastocyst stage and exclude chromosome-containing CFs, as well as non-dividing aneuploid blastomeres, from participating in further development. Whether these are attempts to rectify MN formation or eliminate embryos with poor implantation potential is unknown and this review will discuss the potential implications of DNA removal by CF/blastomere exclusion. We will also extrapolate what is known about the intracellular pathways mediating MN formation and rupture in somatic cells to preimplantation embryogenesis and how nuclear budding and DNA release into the cytoplasm may impact overall development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Budrewicz
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, United States
| | - Shawn L. Chavez
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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5
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Valente RS, Marsico TV, Maiollo BAP, Lopes NJ, Tannura JH, Sudano MJ. Can the addition of Interleukin-13 affect the cryosurvival of bovine embryos? Theriogenology 2024; 215:138-143. [PMID: 38070212 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the impact of incorporating Interleukin-13 (IL-13) into the embryonic culture medium and its influence on cryotolerance and cellular viability of vitrified bovine embryos. Two distinct time points for IL-13 supplementation were explored: during the final hours of culture prior to cryopreservation and during the period of recultivation following cryopreservation and warming. Cryosurvival rates, total cell count, and cell viability were assessed using the TUNEL technique to determine the apoptotic percentage. Re-expansion and hatching rates did not show differences among all groups (P > 0.05), and the total cell number was comparable between the treated and control groups (P > 0.05). However, the group that received IL-13 before vitrification exhibited a higher apoptotic percentage (P < 0.05). This suggests that the anti-inflammatory effect of IL-13 may have impacted the embryo's defense capacity against the stress induced by cryopreservation, leading to an increased percentage of apoptosis, although it did not influence the developmental resumption capability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Mateus José Sudano
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo Andre, SP, Brazil; Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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Nakamura K, Seno M, Yoshimura Y, Suzuki O. Long-term culture induces Bax-dependent apoptosis in rat preimplantation embryos. Mol Reprod Dev 2024; 91:e23711. [PMID: 37831754 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Although rat preimplantation embryos are necessary for producing genetically modified rats, their in vitro culture remains a challenge. Rat zygotes can develop from the one-cell stage to the blastocyst stage in vitro; however, long-term culture reduces their developmental competence via an unknown mechanism. In this study, we examined how in vitro conditions affect rat preimplantation embryos, which may explain this reduced competence. Comprehensive gene expression analysis showed that genes related to apoptosis and energy metabolism were differentially expressed in rat embryos cultured long-term in vitro compared with those developed in vivo. Furthermore, we found that the expression of Bak1 and Bax, which are responsible for mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, were more upregulated in embryos cultured in vitro than those developed in vivo. Similarly, apoptosis-dependent DNA fragmentation was also exacerbated in in vitro culture conditions. Finally, gene disruption using CRISPR/Cas9 showed that Bax, but not Bak1, was responsible for these effects. These findings suggest that long-term in vitro culture induces Bax-dependent apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway and may provide clues to improve the long-term culture of rat preimplantation embryos for genetic engineering research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuomi Nakamura
- Advanced Medicine, Innovation and Clinical Research Center, Tottori University Hospital, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Misako Seno
- Advanced Medicine & Translational Research Center, Organization for Research Initiative and Promotion, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Yuki Yoshimura
- Division of Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Osamu Suzuki
- Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
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7
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McKinley E, Speckhart SL, Keane JA, Oliver MA, Rhoads ML, Edwards JL, Biase FH, Ealy AD. Influences of Supplementing Selective Members of the Interleukin-6 Cytokine Family on Bovine Oocyte Competency. Animals (Basel) 2023; 14:44. [PMID: 38200775 PMCID: PMC10778514 DOI: 10.3390/ani14010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This work explored whether supplementing selective members of the interleukin-6 (IL6) cytokine family during in vitro bovine oocyte maturation affects maturation success, cumulus-oocyte complex (COC) gene expression, fertilization success, and embryo development potential. Human recombinant proteins for IL6, IL11, and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) were supplemented to COCs during the maturation period, then fertilization and embryo culture commenced without further cytokine supplementation. The first study determined that none of these cytokines influenced the rate that oocytes achieved arrest at meiosis II. The second study identified that LIF and IL11 supplementation increases AREG transcript abundance. Supplementation with IL6 supplementation did not affect AREG abundance but reduced HAS2 transcript abundance. Several other transcriptional markers of oocyte competency were not affected by any of the cytokines. The third study determined that supplementing these cytokines during maturation did not influence fertilization success, but either LIF or IL11 supplementation increased blastocyst development. No effect of IL6 supplementation on subsequent blastocyst development was detected. The fourth experiment explored whether each cytokine treatment affects the post-thaw survivability of cryopreserved IVP blastocysts. None of the cytokines supplemented during oocyte maturation produced any positive effects on post-thaw blastocyst re-expansion and hatching. In conclusion, these outcomes implicate IL11 and LIF as potentially useful supplements for improving bovine oocyte competency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endya McKinley
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (E.M.); (S.L.S.); (J.A.K.); (M.A.O.); (M.L.R.); (F.H.B.)
| | - Savannah L. Speckhart
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (E.M.); (S.L.S.); (J.A.K.); (M.A.O.); (M.L.R.); (F.H.B.)
| | - Jessica A. Keane
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (E.M.); (S.L.S.); (J.A.K.); (M.A.O.); (M.L.R.); (F.H.B.)
| | - Mary A. Oliver
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (E.M.); (S.L.S.); (J.A.K.); (M.A.O.); (M.L.R.); (F.H.B.)
| | - Michelle L. Rhoads
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (E.M.); (S.L.S.); (J.A.K.); (M.A.O.); (M.L.R.); (F.H.B.)
| | - J. Lannett Edwards
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA;
| | - Fernando H. Biase
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (E.M.); (S.L.S.); (J.A.K.); (M.A.O.); (M.L.R.); (F.H.B.)
| | - Alan D. Ealy
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (E.M.); (S.L.S.); (J.A.K.); (M.A.O.); (M.L.R.); (F.H.B.)
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Speckhart SL, Oliver MA, Ealy AD. Developmental Hurdles That Can Compromise Pregnancy during the First Month of Gestation in Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1760. [PMID: 37889637 PMCID: PMC10251927 DOI: 10.3390/ani13111760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Several key developmental events are associated with early embryonic pregnancy losses in beef and dairy cows. These developmental problems are observed at a greater frequency in pregnancies generated from in-vitro-produced bovine embryos. This review describes critical problems that arise during oocyte maturation, fertilization, early embryonic development, compaction and blastulation, embryonic cell lineage specification, elongation, gastrulation, and placentation. Additionally, discussed are potential remediation strategies, but unfortunately, corrective actions are not available for several of the problems being discussed. Further research is needed to produce bovine embryos that have a greater likelihood of surviving to term.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alan D. Ealy
- School of Animal Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (S.L.S.); (M.A.O.)
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Leonurine improves bovine oocyte maturation and subsequent embryonic development by reducing oxidative stress and improving mitochondrial function. Theriogenology 2023; 199:11-18. [PMID: 36680865 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
It is acknowledged that excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) level attributes greatly to the compromised developmental potential of oocytes matured in vitro. Although agents were applied to alleviate ROS levels, results were varied because of the distinct antioxidative activity and cell toxicity. Leonurine (LEO), extracted from the natural Chinese herb motherwort, is considered to be a potent free radical scavenger. Yet, it is undetermined whether LEO is benefit for oocyte development during in vitro maturation (IVM). In the present study, the effect of LEO on the quality of bovine oocyte as well as the underlying mechanism was investigated. We found that maturation rate (P < 0.01), subsequent blastocyst formation rate (P < 0.05), and the total blastocyst cell number (P < 0.05) after parthenogenetic activation were significantly increased in the group treated with 20 μM LEO. Moreover, a dramatic decline in ROS (P < 0.01), decreased lipid content (P < 0.01), elevated MMP level (P < 0.05), increased ATP content (P < 0.05), and reduced mitochondrial temperature (P < 0.01) were observed in oocytes treated with LEO. Furthermore, the expression level of anti-apoptotic protein BCL2 was significantly higher in LEO treated oocytes (P < 0.01), and the ratio of BAX/BCL2 was obvious decreased (P < 0.01). Finally, we found that LC3B intensity was significantly reduced (P < 0.05) while the rate of EdU positive nuclei was markedly increased (P < 0.05) in embryos derived from LEO-treated oocytes. Our results demonstrate that LEO exhibits a potent protective role in the acquisition of oocyte development capacity against oxidative stress during IVM, and provides a new solution for optimizing the in vitro culture system of bovine embryos.
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Fryc K, Nowak A, Kij-Mitka B, Kochan J, Bartlewski PM, Murawski M. Morphokinetic changes and apoptotic cell death in vitrified and non-vitrified in vitro-produced ovine embryos. Reprod Biol 2023; 23:100750. [PMID: 36857927 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2023.100750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
This article addresses morphokinetic changes and the extent of apoptosis in vitrified and non-vitrified in vitro-derived ovine blastocysts. Cumulus-oocyte complexes were collected after ovarian scarification obtain after slaughter and in vitro maturation was performed in TCM 199 medium supplemented with Earle's Salt, 10 % of FBS, and 5 µg/mL of LH/FSH at 38 °C for 24 h. After maturation, the oocytes were co-incubated with thawed ram semen (IVF) for 19 h.Embryo development was monitored with the aid of the Primo Vision Time-Lapse (TL) system. Twenty-five out of thirty-one ovine blastocysts that were vitrified using the Cryotop system at the early blastulation stage of development subsequently re-expanded. Both the vitrified (n = 25) and non-vitrified (control group: n = 28) blastocysts were examined for detection of apoptosis (TUNEL assay) and total blastomere counts at the time they attained the expanded blastocyst stage. Blastocyst formation occurred earlier in non-vitrified than in vitrified ovine embryos (147:49 ± 20:23 compared with 156:46 ± 19:24; hours:minutes post-insemination; mean ± SD; P < 0.05). The average number of blastocyst collapses was greater (2.45 ± 1.64 compared with 1.45 ± 1.64), but the number of weak contractions was less for vitrified than non-vitrified ovine blastocysts (P < 0.05). The mean number of blastomeres was greater (131.8 ± 38.6 compared with 91.5 ± 18.3; P < 0.05) while the number of TUNEL-positive cells (4.4 ± 1.6 compared with 6.3 ± 2.3) and apoptotic index (3.4 ± 1.2 % compared with 6.9 ± 2.6 %) were less (P < 0.05) in non-vitrified compared with vitrified blastocysts. Vitrification of ovine embryos was associated with a delayed blastocyst formation, greater numbers of apoptotic cells, significant reduction in the number of blastomeres, and higher/lower incidence of blastocyst collapse/weak contractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Fryc
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, and Fisheries, University of Agriculture in Kraków, 24/28 Mickiewicza Ave., 30-059 Cracow, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Nowak
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Anatomy and Genomics, University of Agriculture in Kraków, 24/28 Mickiewicza Ave., 30-059 Cracow, Poland
| | - Barbara Kij-Mitka
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Anatomy and Genomics, University of Agriculture in Kraków, 24/28 Mickiewicza Ave., 30-059 Cracow, Poland
| | - Joanna Kochan
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Anatomy and Genomics, University of Agriculture in Kraków, 24/28 Mickiewicza Ave., 30-059 Cracow, Poland
| | - Pawel M Bartlewski
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd., Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Maciej Murawski
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, and Fisheries, University of Agriculture in Kraków, 24/28 Mickiewicza Ave., 30-059 Cracow, Poland
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11
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A novel variant in TLE6 is associated with embryonic developmental arrest (EDA) in familial female infertility. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17664. [PMID: 36271123 PMCID: PMC9587212 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22687-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to identify genetic causes of familial female infertility characterized by embryonic developmental arrest (EDA) and repeated implantation failure (RIF) with oocyte donation IVF cycle. We used Whole-exome sequencing and Sanger validation to find causative genes in an Iranian consanguineous family that had 3 infertile daughters, 4 fertile daughters, and 2 fertile sons. All patients in this consanguineous family exhibited typical manifestations of unexplained RIF and EDA. Genetic analysis identified a homozygous missense variant (c.G1054C:p.G352R) in exon 13 of the TLE6 gene that cosegregated with the EDA phenotype in an autosomal recessive pattern. Other members of the family, the gene carriers, remain clinically asymptomatic and fertile. Our findings identify a novel nonsynonymous variant, c.G1054C:p.G352R, in the TLE6 gene within a consanguineous Iranian family with autosomal-recessive female infertility and broaden the genetic spectrum of TLE6-associated EDA.
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12
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RA33, an analogue of resveratrol, improves the development of in vitro-fertilized bovine embryos. ZYGOTE 2022; 30:891-894. [PMID: 36148879 DOI: 10.1017/s0967199422000430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is an undesirable effect of in vitro culture, which requires antioxidant supplementation. This study investigated the analogue of resveratrol (RA33) as an alternative to resveratrol, an antioxidant molecule, for the in vitro culture of in vitro-fertilized bovine embryos. The effect of different concentrations of RA33 on embryo development was evaluated and a comparison between RA33 and resveratrol was performed. The cleavage rate was higher (P < 0.05) with 2.5 μM (69.0 ± 4.4%) than at 0, 0.1 or 0.5 μM RA33 (62.1 ± 2.0%, 60.7 ± 5.9% and 56.7 ± 5.8%, respectively). The blastocyst rates on days 7 and 8 post-fertilization with 2.5 μM RA33 (19.4 ± 3.3% and 24.6 ± 3.3%, respectively) were higher (P < 0.05) than for 0 μM (12.4 ± 2.5% and 15.2±2.5%, respectively). When 2.5 μM RA33 was compared with 0.5 μM resveratrol, similar (P > 0.05) cleavage and blastocyst rates were found between them, but the cleavage rate was higher (P < 0.05) in the control (80.8 ± 3.4%) than for the resveratrol treatment (76.4 ± 3.6%). The numbers of apoptotic cells and the apoptotic index were lower (P < 0.05) with RA33 (6.5 ± 0.6 cells and 6.4 ± 0.7%, respectively) and resveratrol (5 ± 0.8 cells and 5.5 ± 1.0%, respectively) than in the control group (9.8 ± 1.2 cells and 8.9 ± 1.1%, respectively). In conclusion, RA33 can enhance the preimplantation development of in vitro-fertilized bovine embryos and be an alternative to resveratrol in embryo culture medium.
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13
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Brooks KE, Daughtry BL, Davis B, Yan MY, Fei SS, Shepherd S, Carbone L, Chavez SL. Molecular contribution to embryonic aneuploidy and karyotypic complexity in initial cleavage divisions of mammalian development. Development 2022; 149:dev198341. [PMID: 35311995 PMCID: PMC9058497 DOI: 10.1242/dev.198341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Embryonic aneuploidy is highly complex, often leading to developmental arrest, implantation failure or spontaneous miscarriage in both natural and assisted reproduction. Despite our knowledge of mitotic mis-segregation in somatic cells, the molecular pathways regulating chromosome fidelity during the error-prone cleavage-stage of mammalian embryogenesis remain largely undefined. Using bovine embryos and live-cell fluorescent imaging, we observed frequent micro-/multi-nucleation of mis-segregated chromosomes in initial mitotic divisions that underwent unilateral inheritance, re-fused with the primary nucleus or formed a chromatin bridge with neighboring cells. A correlation between a lack of syngamy, multipolar divisions and asymmetric genome partitioning was also revealed, and single-cell DNA-seq showed propagation of primarily non-reciprocal mitotic errors. Depletion of the mitotic checkpoint protein BUB1B (also known as BUBR1) resulted in similarly abnormal nuclear structures and cell divisions, as well as chaotic aneuploidy and dysregulation of the kinase-substrate network that mediates mitotic progression, all before zygotic genome activation. This demonstrates that embryonic micronuclei sustain multiple fates, provides an explanation for blastomeres with uniparental origins, and substantiates defective checkpoints and likely other maternally derived factors as major contributors to the karyotypic complexity afflicting mammalian preimplantation development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey E. Brooks
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Brittany L. Daughtry
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Brett Davis
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Unit, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
- Department of Medicine, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Melissa Y. Yan
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Unit, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Suzanne S. Fei
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Unit, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Selma Shepherd
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Lucia Carbone
- Department of Medicine, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Division of Genetics, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
- Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biomedicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Shawn L. Chavez
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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14
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Winiarczyk D, Piliszek A, Sampino S, Lukaszewicz M, Modli Ski JA. Embryo structure reorganisation reduces the probability of apoptosis in preimplantation mouse embryos. Reprod Fertil Dev 2021; 33:725-735. [PMID: 34488937 DOI: 10.1071/rd21074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death plays a key role in mammalian development because the morphological events of an organism's formation are dependent on apoptosis. In the mouse development, the first apoptotic waves occur physiologically at the blastocyst stage. Cell number and the mean nucleus to cytoplasm (N/C) ratio increase exponentially throughout subsequent embryo cleavages, while cell volume concurrently decreases from the zygote to blastocyst stage. In this study we tested the hypothesis that reorganisation of the embryo structure by manipulating cell number, the N/C ratio and the cell volume of 2-cell embryos may result in the earlier and more frequent occurrence of apoptosis. The results indicate that doubling ('Aggregates' group) or halving ('Embryos 1/2' group) the initial cell number and modifying embryo volume, ploidy ('Embryos 4n' group) and the N/C ratio ('Embryos 2/1' group) reduce the probability of apoptosis in the resulting embryos. There was a higher probability of apoptosis in the inner cell mass of the blastocyst, but apoptotic cells were never observed at the morula stage in any of the experimental groups. Thus, manipulation of cell number, embryo volume, the N/C ratio and ploidy cause subtle changes in the occurrence of apoptosis, although these are mostly dependent on embryo stage and cell lineage (trophectoderm or inner cell mass), which have the greatest effect on the probability of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Winiarczyk
- Department of Experimental Embryology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland; and Corresponding authors. ;
| | - Anna Piliszek
- Department of Experimental Embryology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland
| | - Silvestre Sampino
- Department of Experimental Embryology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland
| | - Marek Lukaszewicz
- Department of Animal Improvement and Nutrigenomics, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland
| | - Jacek Andrzej Modli Ski
- Department of Experimental Embryology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland; and Corresponding authors. ;
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15
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Ealy AD, Speckhart SL, Wooldridge LK. Cytokines That Serve as Embryokines in Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11082313. [PMID: 34438770 PMCID: PMC8388520 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This review will explore how some cytokines also influence early embryonic development. We term these types of molecules as embryokines. Understanding how cytokines serve as embryokines could offer new opportunities to improve embryo development and the overall health of the embryo so that pregnancies will be retained after embryo transfer and so that viable offspring are produced. At least two cytokines may offer these benefits to bovine embryos produced in vitro. Additional cytokines also are identified in this review that may contain beneficial activities on bovine embryos. Abstract The term “embryokine” has been used to denote molecules produced by the endometrium, oviduct, or by embryo itself that will influence embryo development. Several cytokines have been identified as embryokines in cattle and other mammals. This review will describe how these cytokines function as embryokines, with special emphasis being placed on their actions on in vitro produced (IVP) bovine embryos. Embryokines are being explored for their ability to overcome the poor development rates of IVP embryos and to limit post-transfer pregnancy retention efficiencies that exist in IVP embryos. This review will focus on describing two of the best-characterized cytokines, colony-stimulating factor 2 and interleukin 6, for their ability to modify bovine embryo quality and confirmation, promote normal fetal development, and generate healthy calves. Additional cytokines will also be discussed for their potential to serve as embryokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan D. Ealy
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Savannah L. Speckhart
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;
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16
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Charpigny G, Marquant-Le Guienne B, Richard C, Adenot P, Dubois O, Gélin V, Peynot N, Daniel N, Brochard V, Nuttinck F. PGE2 Supplementation of Oocyte Culture Media Improves the Developmental and Cryotolerance Performance of Bovine Blastocysts Derived From a Serum-Free in vitro Production System, Mirroring the Inner Cell Mass Transcriptome. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:672948. [PMID: 34164396 PMCID: PMC8215579 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.672948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The culture media used throughout the in vitro production (IVP) of bovine embryos remain complex. The serum added to culture media in order to improve embryo development negatively impacts the cryotolerance of blastocysts. Periconceptional prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) signaling is known to exert prosurvival effects on in vitro-generated blastocysts. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects on developmental and cryotolerance performance of a serum-free (SF) IVP system that included defined oocyte culture media supplemented or not with PGE2, versus serum-containing (SC) IVP. RNA-sequencing analysis was used to examine the gene expression of ICM derived under the different IVP conditions. We assessed the degree of cryotolerance of grade-I blastocysts during a three-day post-thaw culture by measuring survival and hatching rates, counting trophectoderm and inner cell mass (ICM) blastomere numbers. We also determined the proportion of ICM cells expressing octamer-binding transcription factor 4 protein (OCT4/POU5F1). We showed that grade-I blastocyst development rates under SF + PGE2 conditions were similar to those obtained under SC conditions, although the cleavage rate remained significantly lower. SC IVP conditions induced changes to ICM gene expression relative to several metabolic processes, catabolic activities, cell death and apoptosis. These alterations were associated with significantly higher levels of ICM cell death at day 7 post-fertilization, and lower survival and hatching rates after thawing. SF IVP conditions supplemented or not with PGE2 induced changes to ICM gene expression related to DNA replication, metabolism and double-strand break repair processes, and were associated with significantly larger ICM cell populations after thawing. SF + PGE2 IVP induced changes to ICM gene expression related to epigenetic regulation and were associated with a significantly higher proportion of ICM cells expressing OCT4. For the first time, our study thus offers a comprehensive analysis of the ICM transcriptome regulated by IVP culture conditions in terms of the cellular changes revealed during culture for three days after thawing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Charpigny
- UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | | | - Christophe Richard
- UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Pierre Adenot
- UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, Maisons-Alfort, France.,INRAE, MIMA2, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Olivier Dubois
- UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Valérie Gélin
- UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Nathalie Peynot
- UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Nathalie Daniel
- UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Vincent Brochard
- UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Fabienne Nuttinck
- UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, Maisons-Alfort, France
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17
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Ferreira-Silva JC, Oliveira Silva RL, Travassos Vieira JI, Silva JB, Tavares LS, Cavalcante Silva FA, Nunes Pena EP, Chaves MS, Moura MT, Junior TC, Benko-Iseppon AM, Figueirêdo Freitas VJ, Lemos Oliveira MA. Evaluation of quality and gene expression of goat embryos produced in vivo and in vitro after cryopreservation. Cryobiology 2021; 101:115-124. [PMID: 33964298 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2021.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we aimed to identify morphological and molecular changes of in vivo and in vitro-produced goat embryos submitted to cryopreservation. In vivo embryos were recovered by transcervical technique from superovulated goats, whereas in vitro produced embryos were produced from ovaries collected at a slaughterhouse. Embryos were frozen by two-steps slow freezing method, which is defined as freezing to -32 °C followed by transfer to liquid nitrogen. Morphological evaluation of embryos was carried out by assessing blastocoel re-expansion rate and the total number of blastomeres. The expression profile of candidate genes related to thermal and oxidative stress, apoptosis, epigenetic, and implantation control was measured using RT-qPCR based SYBR Green system. In silico analyses were performed to identify conserved genes in goat species and protein-protein interaction networks were created. In vivo-produced embryos showed greater blastocoel re-expansion and more blastomere cells (P < 0.05). The expression level of CTP2 and HSP90 genes from in vitro cryopreserved embryos was higher than their in vivo counterparts. Unlikely, no significant difference was observed in the transcription level of SOD gene between groups. The high similarity of CPT2 and HSP90 proteins to their orthologs among mammals indicates that they share conserved functions. In summary, cryopreservation negatively affects the morphology and viability of goat embryos produced in vitro and changes the CPT2 and HSP90 gene expression likely in response to the in vitro production process.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Carlos Ferreira-Silva
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biotechniques, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Roberta Lane Oliveira Silva
- Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Joane Isis Travassos Vieira
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biotechniques, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Jéssica Barboza Silva
- Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Lethicia Souza Tavares
- Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | | | - Elton Pedro Nunes Pena
- Laboratory of Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Maiana Silva Chaves
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biotechniques, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Brazil. maiana-@hotmail.com
| | - Marcelo Tigre Moura
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biotechniques, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Tercilio Calsa Junior
- Laboratory of Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Ana Maria Benko-Iseppon
- Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | | | - Marcos Antonio Lemos Oliveira
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biotechniques, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Brazil.
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18
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Seekford ZK, Wooldridge LK, Dias NW, Timlin CL, Sales ÁF, Speckhart SL, Pohler KG, Cockrum RR, Mercadante VRG, Ealy AD. Interleukin-6 supplementation improves post-transfer embryonic and fetal development of in vitro-produced bovine embryos. Theriogenology 2021; 170:15-22. [PMID: 33957485 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The use of in vitro produced embryos in dairy and beef cattle has increased in recent years, but compromised post-transfer pregnancy success prevents producers from capturing all the benefits this technology can provide. This study explored whether supplementing interleukin-6 (IL6) during in vitro embryo development influences post-transfer development of the embryo-proper, fetus and placenta during early gestation in cattle. Slaughterhouse-derived cumulus oocyte complexes underwent IVM (day -1) and IVF (day 0). On day 5 post-fertilization, embryos were treated with either 0 (CONT) or 100 ng/mL recombinant bovine IL6. No difference in blastocyst formation was detected on day 7.5 post-fertilization, but an increase (P < 0.05) in inner cell mass cell numbers and tendency for increased (P = 0.08) trophectoderm cell numbers were detected in IL6-treated blastocysts. A subset of the blastocysts was loaded individually into transfer straws, and embryo transfer (ET) was completed using estrous cycle stage-matched, nonlactating commercial beef and dairy cows. A subset of cows from each group underwent timed artificial insemination (TAI). Pregnancy rates were similar among all three treatment groups at day 28 and 70. No differences in crown-rump length (CRL), crown nose length (CNL), abdominal diameter (AD), or placental fluid volume (PFV) were detected between TAI and ET-IL6 groups. Reductions (P < 0.05) in CRL and AD were detected at day 56 and a tendency for a reduction (P = 0.08) in PFV was detected on day 35 when comparing the ET-CONT group with the TAI group. Reductions (P < 0.05) in CRL and PFV on day 28 and CNL and AD on day 56 as well as a tendency for a reduction (P = 0.08) in PFV on day 35 were detected when contrasting ET-CONT with ET-IL6. Circulating plasma pregnancy-associated glycoprotein concentrations were similar among all treatment groups. In summary, IL6 treatment to IVP embryos before ET produced pregnancies that more closely resembled TAI-generated pregnancies than pregnancies generated using conventionally cultured embryos. These findings failed to find any adverse effects of IL6 supplementation on early development of the embryo-proper and fetus or on placental activity. Rather, these observations suggest that IL6 treatment may normalize the developmental trajectory of the embryo-proper and fetus for in vitro produced embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary K Seekford
- Department of Animal & Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Lydia K Wooldridge
- Department of Animal & Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Nicholas W Dias
- Department of Animal & Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Claire L Timlin
- Department of Animal & Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Álvaro F Sales
- Department of Animal & Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | | | - Ky G Pohler
- Department of Animal Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Alan D Ealy
- Department of Animal & Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
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19
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McLean ZL, Appleby SJ, Fermin LM, Henderson HV, Wei J, Wells DN, Oback B. Controlled Cytoplast Arrest and Morula Aggregation Enhance Development, Cryoresilience, and In Vivo Survival of Cloned Sheep Embryos. Cell Reprogram 2021; 23:14-25. [PMID: 33529123 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2020.0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Zona-free somatic cell transfer (SCT) and embryo aggregation increase throughput and efficiency of cloned embryo and offspring production, respectively, but both approaches have not been widely adopted. Cloning efficiency is further improved by cell cycle coordination between the interphase donor cell and metaphase-arrested recipient cytoplast. This commonly involves inclusion of caffeine and omission of calcium to maintain high mitotic cyclin-dependent kinase activity and low calcium levels, respectively, in the nonactivated cytoplast. The aim of our study was to integrate these various methodological improvements into a single work stream that increases sheep cloning success. We show that omitting calcium during zona-free SCT improved blastocyst development from 6% to 13%, while caffeine treatment reduced spontaneous oocyte activation from 17% to 8%. In a retrospective analysis, morula aggregation produced high morphological quality blastocysts with better in vivo survival to term than nonaggregated controls (15% vs. 9%), particularly after vitrification (14% vs. 0%). By combining cytoplast cell cycle control with zona-free embryo reconstruction and aggregation, this novel SCT protocol maximizes the benefits of vitrification by producing more cryoresilient blastocysts. The presented cloning methodology is relatively easy to operate and further increases throughput and efficiency of cloned embryo and offspring production. Integration of additional reprogramming steps or alternate donor cells is straightforward, providing a flexible workflow that can be adapted to changing experimental requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachariah Louis McLean
- Reproduction, AgResearch, Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, New Zealand
- Applied Translational Research Group and Centre for Brain Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sarah Jane Appleby
- Reproduction, AgResearch, Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, New Zealand
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Jingwei Wei
- Reproduction, AgResearch, Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - David Norman Wells
- Reproduction, AgResearch, Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Björn Oback
- Reproduction, AgResearch, Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, New Zealand
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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20
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Interleukin-6 promotes primitive endoderm development in bovine blastocysts. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2021; 21:3. [PMID: 33430761 PMCID: PMC7802221 DOI: 10.1186/s12861-020-00235-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Interleukin-6 (IL6) was recently identified as an embryotrophic factor in bovine embryos, where it acts primarily to mediate inner cell mass (ICM) size. This work explored whether IL6 affects epiblast (EPI) and primitive endoderm (PE) development, the two embryonic lineages generated from the ICM after its formation. Nuclear markers for EPI (NANOG) and PE (GATA6) were used to differentiate the two cell types. Results Increases (P < 0.05) in total ICM cell numbers and PE cell numbers were detected in bovine blastocysts at day 8 and 9 post-fertilization after exposure to 100 ng/ml recombinant bovine IL6. Also, IL6 increased (P < 0.05) the number of undifferentiated ICM cells (cells containing both PE and EPI markers). The effects of IL6 on EPI cell numbers were inconsistent. Studies were also completed to explore the importance of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)-dependent signaling in bovine PE cells. Definitive activation of STAT3, a downstream target for JAK2, was observed in PE cells. Also, pharmacological inhibition of JAK2 decreased (P < 0.05) PE cell numbers. Conclusions To conclude, IL6 manipulates ICM development after EPI/PE cell fates are established. The PE cells are the target for IL6, where a JAK-dependent signal is used to regulate PE numbers. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12861-020-00235-z.
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21
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Yu B, van Tol HTA, Stout TAE, Roelen BAJ. Cellular Fragments in the Perivitelline Space Are Not a Predictor of Expanded Blastocyst Quality. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:616801. [PMID: 33469540 PMCID: PMC7813684 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.616801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of cellular fragments in the perivitelline space is a commonly used parameter to determine quality before transfer of in vitro produced (IVP) embryos. However, this parameter is difficult to assess after blastocyst expansion. In this study, we used mechanical hatching to confirm the presence of cellular fragments in the perivitelline space of bovine IVP blastocysts. We further looked for associations between possible apoptosis within extruded cells/ cellular fragments and the quality of bovine blastocysts using quantitative RT-PCR and immunofluorescence. Surprisingly, more than 42% of expanded blastocysts had cellular fragments in the perivitelline space; however, more than 37% of extruded cells were TUNEL negative. We observed no significant difference in embryo quality between expanded blastocysts with and without cellular fragments in the perivitelline space. Overall, our data suggest that embryos extrude abnormal cells to maintain their developmental potential. The presence of fragmented cells is not an indicator of embryo quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yu
- Farm Animal Health, Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Helena T A van Tol
- Farm Animal Health, Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Tom A E Stout
- Equine Sciences, Department Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Bernard A J Roelen
- Embryology, Anatomy and Physiology, Department Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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22
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Ramos-Ibeas P, Gimeno I, Cañón-Beltrán K, Gutiérrez-Adán A, Rizos D, Gómez E. Senescence and Apoptosis During in vitro Embryo Development in a Bovine Model. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:619902. [PMID: 33392207 PMCID: PMC7775420 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.619902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, infertility affects up to 14% of couples under reproductive age, leading to an exponential rise in the use of assisted reproduction as a route for conceiving a baby. In the same way, thousands of embryos are produced in cattle and other farm animals annually, leading to increased numbers of individuals born. All reproductive manipulations entail deviations of natural phenotypes and genotypes, with in vitro embryo technologies perhaps showing the biggest effects, although these alterations are still emerging. Most of these indications have been provided by animal models, in particular the bovine species, due to its similarities to human early embryo development. Oocytes and embryos are highly sensitive to environmental stress in vivo and in vitro. Thus, during in vitro culture, a number of stressful conditions affect embryonic quality and viability, inducing subfertility and/or long-term consequences that may reach the offspring. A high proportion of the embryos produced in vitro are arrested at a species-specific stage of development during the first cell divisions. These arrested embryos do not show signs of programmed cell death during early cleavage stages. Instead, defective in vitro produced embryos would enter a permanent cell cycle arrest compatible with cellular senescence, in which they show active metabolism and high reactive oxygen species levels. Later in development, mainly during the morula and blastocyst stages, apoptosis would mediate the elimination of certain cells, accomplishing both a physiological role in to balancing cell proliferation and death, and a pathological role preventing the transmission of damaged cells with an altered genome. The latter would acquire relevant importance in in vitro produced embryos that are submitted to stressful environmental stimuli. In this article, we review the mechanisms mediating apoptosis and senescence during early embryo development, with a focus on in vitro produced bovine embryos. Additionally, we shed light on the protective role of senescence and apoptosis to ensure that unhealthy cells and early embryos do not progress in development, avoiding long-term detrimental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Ramos-Ibeas
- Department of Animal Reproduction, National Institute for Agriculture and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Gimeno
- Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), Gijón, Spain
| | - Karina Cañón-Beltrán
- Department of Animal Reproduction, National Institute for Agriculture and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Gutiérrez-Adán
- Department of Animal Reproduction, National Institute for Agriculture and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Dimitrios Rizos
- Department of Animal Reproduction, National Institute for Agriculture and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Gómez
- Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), Gijón, Spain
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23
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Gutiérrez-Añez JC, Lucas-Hahn A, Hadeler KG, Aldag P, Niemann H. Melatonin enhances in vitro developmental competence of cumulus-oocyte complexes collected by ovum pick-up in prepubertal and adult dairy cattle. Theriogenology 2020; 161:285-293. [PMID: 33360610 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Bovine oocytes from prepubertal donors have been used for in vitro embryo production to decrease the generation interval. However, reduced cumulus-oocyte competence, mainly attributed to increased apoptosis, has been observed in oocytes/embryos collected from prepubertal donors. Here, we investigated the effects of the potent antioxidative molecule melatonin on cumulus-oocyte competence and embryo development in prepubertal and adult dairy cattle in vitro. A total of fifteen Holstein Friesian calves, six to ten months old (7.6 ± 1.34 months of age). And fifteen adult cows with one to four calvings (2.3 ± 0.96 calvings) were enrolled as ovum pick up (OPU) donors in this study. Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were cultured either in the presence or absence of melatonin (0.01 nM). The proportion of cleavage stages, blastocysts, and advanced blastocysts was determined. Embryo quality was assessed via differential staining to determine the total embryonic cells and allocation to the inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE) cells. Melatonin treatment yielded a greater percentage of blastocysts compared to the control group, i.e. oocytes from both adult cows (P = 0.0485; 24.8 ± 3.5% vs. 16.0 ± 3.4%, respectively), and from prepubertal donors (P = 0.0007; Melatonin 23.1 ± 5.1% vs. Control: 11.1 ± 3.5%). Adult cows had significantly (P = 0.0370) greater advanced blastocyst rates than those found in the prepubertal group (13.9%± vs. 7.0±%, respectively). Additionally, the number of ICM, total cells, and the ratios ICM: Total, ICM: TE, respectively, were greater (P < 0.05) after melatonin treatment compared with the control group (39.1 ± 2.8, 98.6 ± 5.7, 0.4 ± 0.01, and 0.7 ± 0.04 vs. 27.3 ± 2.9, 81.2 ± 5.8, 0.34 ± 0.01, and 0.52 ± 0.04, respectively). Blastocysts derived from adult cows had a greater number of TE (P = 0.01) and total embryonic cells (P = 0.0095) compared to the prepubertal donor group (63.5 ± 3.2 and 101.05 ± 4.8 vs. 48.9 ± 4.3 and 78.8 ± 6.5, respectively). Nevertheless, embryonic cell counting in embryos derived from prepubertal COCs equated to that observed from adult donors after melatonin exposure. In conclusion, these results indicate that the presence of melatonin during in vitro maturation improves cumulus-oocyte competence, embryo development, and quality by increasing the allocation of embryonic cells to the ICM compartment and the total number of embryonic cells in both adult and prepubertal bovine donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Gutiérrez-Añez
- Medical-Surgical Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela; Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, (FLI), Mariensee, Germany
| | | | | | - Patrick Aldag
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, (FLI), Mariensee, Germany
| | - Heiner Niemann
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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24
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Xu J, Shi P, Zhao X, Shen P, Feng Y, Lu F, Shi D. Cell synchronization by Rapamycin improves the developmental competence of buffalos (Bubalus bubalis) somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos. Reprod Domest Anim 2020; 56:313-323. [PMID: 33219627 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study mainly explored the effects of Rapamycin on the growth of the Buffalo ear fibroblast (BEF) and embryonic developmental competence of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). The results show that the appropriate concentration (1 μM) of Rapamycin could significantly improve the proportion of the G0/G1 phase in BEF cells treated at a certain time (72 hr). Simultaneously, the percentage of the G0/G1 phase also was significantly higher than the serum starvation and control group. This may be related to Rapamycin inhibiting the phosphorylation of mTOR and affecting the expression of cell cycle-related genes (CDK2, CDK4, P27, CycleD1, and CycleD3). Besides, compared with the control group and serum-starved group, Rapamycin significantly decreased BEF cell apoptosis by reducing ROS generation. Moreover, these results also indicated that the proportion of BEF cells with normal chromosome multiples treated by Rapamycin is significantly higher than that of the serum-starved group (p < .05). Finally, this study explored the effects of Rapamycin and serum starvation on the embryonic developmental competence of SCNT. The results show that Rapamycin significantly increased the rate of 8-cell and blastocyst, compared with the control group and serum starvation group (p < .05). To summarize, these results indicate that Rapamycin improved the embryonic development competence of SCNT, which may be related to Rapamycin increasing the percentage of G0/G1 phase and maintaining BEF cell quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.,State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pengfei Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.,State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Penglei Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yun Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Fenghua Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Deshun Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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25
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Valente RS, Almeida TGD, Alves MF, Paschoal DM, Basso AC, Sudano MJ. Cellular and apoptotic status monitoring according to the ability and speed to resume post-cryopreservation embryonic development. Theriogenology 2020; 158:290-296. [PMID: 33007714 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic morphofunctional competence features regulating post-cryopreservation resumption of development are still poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the correlation between embryonic viability and the speed and ability to resume post-cryopreservation development. Thus, in vitro produced blastocysts were vitrified by the Cryotop method using standard protocols. Subsequently, the embryos were warmed, re-cultured, and classified into groups according to their speed and ability to resume post-cryopreservation development: embryos not re-expanded at 12h (NE12); embryos re-expanded at 12h and hatched at 24h (E12H24); embryos re-expanded at 12h and hatched at 48h (E12H48); embryos re-expanded at 12h and not hatched at 48h (E12NH48). Subsequently, the embryos were subjected to monitoring of total cell number and apoptosis. We identified that the blastocoel's ability to re-expand was negatively affected by the significant higher percentage of apoptotic cells observed in the NE12 group than in the other groups. A greater (P < 0.05) number of total cells, found in groups E12H24 and E12H48, seems to have a positive influence on the hatching capacity of blastocysts after cryopreservation. In conclusion, the total number of cells and apoptotic index correlated with the speed and ability to resume post-cryopreservation development. Apoptosis was a determinant for embryonic re-expansion, and the total cell number was crucial for blastocyst hatching.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Daniela Martins Paschoal
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Mateus José Sudano
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil; Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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26
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Song SH, Oh SH, Xu L, Lee KL, Hwang JY, Joo MD, Kong IK. Effect of Additional Cytoplasm of Cloned Embryo on In Vitro Developmental Competence and Reprogramming Efficiency in Mice. Cell Reprogram 2020; 22:236-243. [PMID: 32833512 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2020.0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is an important technique for biological science research. Cytoplasm injection cloning technology (CICT) was developed to improve the reprogramming efficiency as well as to overcome the limitations of SCNT. CICT uses an additional cytoplasm fused with an enucleated oocyte to restore the cytoplasmic volume of the cloned embryo, and this method could improve the reprogramming efficiency of the cloned embryo. In this study, we show that CICT can be adapted to mouse species to overcome the inefficiency of the SCNT method. In this study, results indicate that the two-cell embryo and blastocyst rates of cloned embryos with the use of the CICT method were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of the SCNT method (96.6% ± 1.1% vs. 86.7% ± 6.0%, 29.5% ± 2.6% vs. 22.1% ± 3.0%, respectively). Furthermore, the apoptotic cell number per blastocyst was significantly lower in the CICT group than that in the SCNT group (1.7 ± 0.2 vs. 2.9 ± 0.3, p < 0.05). Moreover, the acH3K9/K14 expression level in the CICT group was greater than that of the SCNT group (p < 0.05), and the relative acH3K56 level in the CICT group was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than that in the SCNT group. These results indicate that CICT helps improve the in vitro developmental competence and quality of cloned embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Hwan Song
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea.,The King Kong Corp., Ltd., Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Hwa Oh
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Lianguang Xu
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Ji-Yoon Hwang
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong-Don Joo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Keun Kong
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea.,The King Kong Corp., Ltd., Jinju, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
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27
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He H, Zhang H, Li Q, Fan J, Pan Y, Zhang T, Robert N, Zhao L, Hu X, Han X, Yang S, Cui Y, Yu S. Low oxygen concentrations improve yak oocyte maturation and enhance the developmental competence of preimplantation embryos. Theriogenology 2020; 156:46-58. [PMID: 32673901 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian oocyte maturation and early embryo development are highly sensitive to the in vitro culture environment, and oxygen concentration is one of the important factors. In the present study, we aimed to explore the effects of different oxygen concentrations (20%, 10%, 5% or 1% O2) on yak oocyte maturation, in vitro fertilization (IVF), and embryo development competence, as well as its effects on the oxidative response, metabolism, and apoptosis in cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) and the embryo. The results revealed that the maturation rate of oocytes, blastocysts rate and hatched blastocysts rate in the group with 5% oxygen concentration were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than other groups, but the cleavage rate with 5% oxygen concentration was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than the 20% and 10% oxygen concentrations. The maturation rate of oocytes, the cleavage rate, blastocysts rate and hatched blastocysts rate with the 1% oxygen concentration were the lowest. The blastocyst cultured with 5% oxygen concentration had significantly greater (P < 0.05) numbers of total cells, inner cell mass (ICM) cells and trophectoderm (TE) cells compared to the other groups. Analysis of the apoptosis index of oocytes and blastocyst cells by transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) showed that the number of apoptotic cells significantly reduced (P < 0.05) with 5% oxygen concentration, but increased significantly (P < 0.05) in the 1% oxygen concentration group. Also, the qRT-PCR and western immunoblotting analysis confirmed that the transcription levels of the metabolism genes, antioxidant response genes, apoptosis genes, oocyte competence genes and embryonic developmental markers showed significant differences (P < 0.05) in the COCs or blastocysts matured in 5% oxygen concentration group compared to the other groups. In summary, our findings demonstrate that 5% oxygen concentration improves oocyte maturation and blastocyst development in the yak, increases blastocyst cell numbers, reduces apoptosis rate in the oocyte and blastocyst as well as reduces embryo cleavage rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghong He
- Gansu Province Livestock Embryo Engineering Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huizhu Zhang
- Gansu Province Livestock Embryo Engineering Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qin Li
- Gansu Province Livestock Embryo Engineering Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiangfeng Fan
- Gansu Province Livestock Embryo Engineering Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yangyang Pan
- Gansu Province Livestock Embryo Engineering Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tongxiang Zhang
- Gansu Province Livestock Embryo Engineering Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Niayale Robert
- Gansu Province Livestock Embryo Engineering Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Gansu Province Livestock Embryo Engineering Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xuequan Hu
- Gansu Province Livestock Embryo Engineering Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Han
- Gansu Province Livestock Embryo Engineering Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Yang
- Gansu Province Livestock Embryo Engineering Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yan Cui
- Gansu Province Livestock Embryo Engineering Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Sijiu Yu
- Gansu Province Livestock Embryo Engineering Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China.
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28
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Pérez-Mora A, Segura-Correa JC, Peralta-Torres JA. Factors associated with pregnancy rate in fixed-time embryo transfer in cattle under humid-tropical conditions of México. Anim Reprod 2020; 17:e20200007. [PMID: 32714459 PMCID: PMC7375863 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2020-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective was to determine the effect of some factors on pregnancy rate of fixed-time embryo transfer (FTET), in cows and heifers kept under Mexican tropical conditions. Recipients females (n=405) grazing in pastures were selected according to breed group (Zebu and crosses), parity (nulliparous and multiparous), body condition score (BCS) and the presence of a corpus luteum (CL). The females were synchronized on day 0 using a progesterone vaginal device and 2 mg estradiol benzoate (EB), two groups were established. Group 1 (conventional protocol) were animals in which the progesterone device was removed on day 7. At this time, also received an injection of 50 mg cloprostenol sodium and 1 mg estradiol cypionate. Animals also received 300 IU (heifers) or 360 IU (cows) of eCG. Group 2 (J-Synch protocol) were animals in which the progesterone device was removed on day 6. Cloprotenol and eCG injections were applied as in Group 1. Additionally, on day 9, animals of group 2 received 0.01 mg buserelin acetate. Embryo transfer of in vivo or in vitro was done on day 16 and pregnancy diagnosis was realized by ultrasonography on days 23 and 53 after FTET. Statistical analyses were carried out using Chi-square tests and logistic regression. Pregnancy rate varied between farms (P<0.05). The highest pregnancy rate was for multiparous cows (66%). The recipient utilization rate was better in the J-Synch protocol (85%), and in vivo embryos (75%) had higher pregnancy rate. The diameter of the follicle and the CL had no effect on pregnancy rate (P>0.05). However, the logistic regression determined that the only significant factor on pregnancy rate was the type of embryo. In conclusion, pregnancy rate in FTET females was higher for in vivo embryos than for in vitro embryos in cows evaluated under humid tropical conditions in Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jorge Alonso Peralta-Torres
- División Académica de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, México
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29
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Martin JH, Aitken RJ, Bromfield EG, Nixon B. DNA damage and repair in the female germline: contributions to ART. Hum Reprod Update 2020; 25:180-201. [PMID: 30541031 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmy040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA integrity and stability are critical determinants of cell viability. This is especially true in the female germline, wherein DNA integrity underpins successful conception, embryonic development, pregnancy and the production of healthy offspring. However, DNA is not inert; rather, it is subject to assault from various environment factors resulting in chemical modification and/or strand breakage. If structural alterations result and are left unrepaired, they have the potential to cause mutations and propagate disease. In this regard, reduced genetic integrity of the female germline ranks among the leading causes of subfertility in humans. With an estimated 10% of couples in developed countries taking recourse to ART to achieve pregnancy, the need for ongoing research into the capacity of the oocyte to detect DNA damage and thereafter initiate cell cycle arrest, apoptosis or DNA repair is increasingly more pressing. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE This review documents our current knowledge of the quality control mechanisms utilised by the female germline to prevent and remediate DNA damage during their development from primordial follicles through to the formation of preimplantation embryos. SEARCH METHODS The PubMed database was searched using the keywords: primordial follicle, primary follicle, secondary follicle, tertiary follicle, germinal vesical, MI, MII oocyte, zygote, preimplantation embryo, DNA repair, double-strand break and DNA damage. These keywords were combined with other phrases relevant to the topic. Literature was restricted to peer-reviewed original articles in the English language (published 1979-2018) and references within these articles were also searched. OUTCOMES In this review, we explore the quality control mechanisms utilised by the female germline to prevent, detect and remediate DNA damage. We follow the trajectory of development from the primordial follicle stage through to the preimplantation embryo, highlighting findings likely to have important implications for fertility management, age-related subfertility and premature ovarian failure. In addition, we survey the latest discoveries regarding DNA repair within the metaphase II (MII) oocyte and implicate maternal stores of endogenous DNA repair proteins and mRNA transcripts as a primary means by which they defend their genomic integrity. The collective evidence reviewed herein demonstrates that the MII oocyte can engage in the activation of major DNA damage repair pathway(s), therefore encouraging a reappraisal of the long-held paradigm that oocytes are largely refractory to DNA repair upon reaching this late stage of their development. It is also demonstrated that the zygote can exploit a number of protective strategies to mitigate the risk and/or effect the repair, of DNA damage sustained to either parental germline; affirming that DNA protection is largely a maternally driven trait but that some aspects of repair may rely on a collaborative effort between the male and female germlines. WIDER IMPLICATIONS The present review highlights the vulnerability of the oocyte to DNA damage and presents a number of opportunities for research to bolster the stringency of the oocyte's endogenous defences, with implications extending to improved diagnostics and novel therapeutic applications to alleviate the burden of infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacinta H Martin
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - R John Aitken
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Elizabeth G Bromfield
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Brett Nixon
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
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30
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Gómez E, Carrocera S, Martín D, Pérez-Jánez JJ, Prendes J, Prendes JM, Vázquez A, Murillo A, Gimeno I, Muñoz M. Efficient one-step direct transfer to recipients of thawed bovine embryos cultured in vitro and frozen in chemically defined medium. Theriogenology 2020; 146:39-47. [PMID: 32036059 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Direct transfer (DT) of cryopreserved embryos to recipients facilitates on-farm application. We analyzed a new freezing/thawing (F/T) procedure for in vitro produced (IVP) embryos, integrating: 1) an ethylene-glycol based system; 2) a culture step without protein; and 3) a synthetic protein substitute (CRYO3) in cryopreservation medium. IVP embryos from abattoir ovaries were cultured in groups in BSA-containing synthetic oviduct fluid with or without 0.1% fetal calf serum (FCS) until Day-6. Morulae and early blastocysts were subsequently cultured without protein from Day-6 onwards. Day 7 and Day 8 expanded blastocysts (EXB) were subjected to F/T or vitrification/warming (V/W). Thawed and warmed EXB were cultured in vitro, and development rates, cell counts and dead cells were analyzed in surviving embryos. V/W improved survival over F/T (live and hatching rates at 2 h, 24 h and 48 h) (P < 0.0001), and FCS before Day 6 did not affect in vitro survival. After F/T, embryos had lower cell counts in the ICM, TE and total cells than after V/W. Day-7 embryos after F/T showed % apoptotic, % pycnotic and % total dead cells higher (p < 0.05) than their Day-8 counterparts, probably because F/T reduced the numbers of ICM cells within Day-8 embryos. Thereafter, Day-7 blastocysts were transferred to heifers in an experimental herd. There were no differences in birth rates with frozen (-FCS [n = 40]: 45%; +FCS [n = 14]: 28%), vitrified (-FCS [n = 47]: 53%; +FCS [n = 11]: 36%) and fresh (-FCS [n = 30]: 47%; +FCS [n = 17]: 53%) embryos. However, frozen embryos produced with FCS showed 5/9 miscarriages after Day-40. Calves born from frozen (n = 22), vitrified (n = 29) and fresh (n = 22) transfers did not differ in birth weight, gestation length and daily gain weight (P > 0.10). Subsequently, transfer of frozen embryos (n = 29) derived from oocytes collected from live, hormonally stimulated cows in experimental herd, led to pregnancy rates of 57% (heifers) and 40% (dry cows). with EXB on Day-62 Finally, embryos produced with BSA were transferred to cows in an on-field trial (frozen [n = 80]; fresh [n = 58]), with no differences in pregnancy rates (days 30-40). Pregnancy and birth rates could not be predicted from in vitro approaches. The new F/T system yields pregnancy and birth rates comparable to vitrified and fresh embryos without birth overweight. The absence of products of animal origin, defined chemical composition, and direct transfer entail sanitary, manufacturing and application advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Gómez
- Centro de Biotecnología Animal-SERIDA, Camino de Rioseco 1225, Gijón, 33394, Spain.
| | - Susana Carrocera
- Centro de Biotecnología Animal-SERIDA, Camino de Rioseco 1225, Gijón, 33394, Spain
| | - David Martín
- Centro de Biotecnología Animal-SERIDA, Camino de Rioseco 1225, Gijón, 33394, Spain
| | - Juan José Pérez-Jánez
- Cooperativa de Agricultores y Usuarios de Gijón, Carretera Carbonera 2230, Polígono Industrial de Roces 5, Gijón, 33211, Spain
| | - Javier Prendes
- Cooperativa de Agricultores y Usuarios de Gijón, Carretera Carbonera 2230, Polígono Industrial de Roces 5, Gijón, 33211, Spain
| | - José Manuel Prendes
- Cooperativa de Agricultores y Usuarios de Gijón, Carretera Carbonera 2230, Polígono Industrial de Roces 5, Gijón, 33211, Spain
| | - Alejandro Vázquez
- Asturian Biotechnology, Galeno, 2248, Polígono Industrial de Roces 5, Gijón, 33211, Spain
| | - Antonio Murillo
- Centro de Biotecnología Animal-SERIDA, Camino de Rioseco 1225, Gijón, 33394, Spain
| | - Isabel Gimeno
- Centro de Biotecnología Animal-SERIDA, Camino de Rioseco 1225, Gijón, 33394, Spain
| | - Marta Muñoz
- Centro de Biotecnología Animal-SERIDA, Camino de Rioseco 1225, Gijón, 33394, Spain
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Bovine somatic cell nuclear transfer using mitomycin C-mediated chemical oocyte enucleation. ZYGOTE 2019; 27:137-142. [PMID: 31036094 DOI: 10.1017/s0967199419000029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SummaryChemical oocyte enucleation holds the potential to ease somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), although high enucleation rates remain limited to micromanipulation-based approaches. Therefore, this study aimed to test mitomycin C (MMC) for use in bovine functional chemical oocyte enucleation. Incubation of denuded eggs in 10 µg ml-1 MMC for different periods did not affect most maturation rates (0.5 h: 85.78%A, 1.0 h: 72.77%B, 1.5 h: 83.87%A, and 2.0 h: 82.05%A) in comparison with non-treated controls (CTL; 85.77%A). Parthenogenetic development arrest by MMC was efficient at cleavage (CTL: 72.93%A, 0.5 h: 64.92%A,B, 1.0 h: 60.39%B,C, 1.5 h: 66.35%A,B, and 2.0 h: 53.84%C) and blastocyst stages (CTL: 33.94%A, 0.5 h: 7.58%B, 1.0 h: 2.47%C, 1.5 h: 0.46%C, and 2.0 h: 0.51%C). Blastocysts were obtained after nuclear transfer (NT) using MMC enucleation [NT(MMC): 4.54%B] but at lower rates than for the SCNT control [NT(CTL): 26.31%A]. The removal of the meiotic spindle after MMC incubation fully restored SCNT blastocyst development [NT(MMC+SR): 24.74%A]. Early pregnancies were obtained by the transfer of NT(MMC) and NT(MMC+SR) blastocysts to synchronized recipients. In conclusion, MMC leads to functional chemical oocyte enucleation during SCNT and further suggests its potential for application towards technical improvements.
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Madeja ZE, Warzych E, Pawlak P, Lechniak D. Inhibitor mediated WNT and MEK/ERK signalling affects apoptosis and the expression of quality related genes in bovine in vitro obtained blastocysts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 510:403-408. [PMID: 30711254 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.01.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Culture conditions determine embryo quality, which may be affected on many levels (timing of development, blastomere count, transcripts, metabolite content, apoptosis). Molecular interactions of signalling pathways like MEK/ERK and WNT/β-catenin are critical for cell-to-cell communication and cellular differentiation. Both pathways are important regulators of apoptosis. We have aimed to verify the prolonged effect of MEK/ERK silencing and WNT activation by chemical inhibitors (2i or 3i systems) on bovine IVP embryos. Apoptotic index, total cell count and transcription of embryo quality markers were evaluated. A higher rate of apoptosis was observed in 2i blastocysts, but was not accompanied by changes in transcript content of genes controlling apoptosis (BAX, BCL2, BAK, BAX/BCL2 ratio). Therefore, alternative pathways of apoptotic activation cannot be ruled out. The expression of genes related to embryo quality (HSPA1A, SLC2A1) was not affected. GJA1 transcripts were significantly higher in 3i blastocysts, what indicates a stimulatory effect of the applied inhibitors on cell-to-cell interactions. The lowest mRNA level of the IFNT2 gene was found in 2i embryos. A variation in the SDHA gene transcript was observed (with the highest content in the 3i blastocysts), what may suggest their reduced quality. It may be concluded that the modifications of culture conditions (activation of the WNT and silencing of the MEK/ERK signalling) might alter pathways crucial for embryo development without causing embryonic death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zofia E Madeja
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 33, 60-637, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Ewelina Warzych
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 33, 60-637, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Piotr Pawlak
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 33, 60-637, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Dorota Lechniak
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 33, 60-637, Poznań, Poland.
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Dua D, Nagoorvali D, Chauhan MS, Palta P, Mathur P, Singh MK. Calcium ionophore enhanced developmental competence and apoptotic dynamics of goat parthenogenetic embryos produced in vitro. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2019; 55:159-168. [PMID: 30737632 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-019-00322-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Parthenogenetically developed embryos are efficient sources of in vitro embryo production, having less ethical issue and being useful for investigating culture conditions/treatments, early developmental, genomic studies, and homonymous source of stem cells. Keeping its advantages in mind, we aimed to study the effects of different activating agents on embryo production and its quality and gene expression. In the present study, 1348 immature oocytes recovered were parthenogenetically developed to embryos. Usable-quality immature oocytes were collected by puncturing the surface follicles and matured in in vitro maturation (IVM) medium for 27 h in a humidified 5% CO2 incubator at 38.5°C. The matured oocytes were parthenogenetically activated by exposure to 5 μM calcium ionophore for 5 min or 7% ethanol for 7 min sequentially followed by 4 h incubation in 2 mM 6-DMAP and then in vitro cultured (IVC) in RVCL/G-2 medium for 8 days. Matured oocytes were activated by calcium ionophore, the cleavage rate observed was 76.67 ± 3.47%, and further they developed into 4-cell, 8-16-cell, morula, blastocyst, and hatched blastocyst with 85.30 ± 1.57%, 70.60 ± 2.00%, 45.05 ± 2.66%, 22.89 ± 2.40%, and 5.70 ± 1.97%, respectively. Whereas ethanol-activated oocytes showed cleavage rate of 87.60 ± 1.70% and further culture developed into 4-cell, 8-16 cell, morula, blastocyst, and hatched blastocyst with 86.14 ± 1.03%, 71.56 ± 2.21%, 40.90 ± 2.45%, 19.02 ± 1.26%, and 2.22 ± 0.38%, respectively. Blastocyst developed from calcium ionophore-activated oocytes showed significantly (P < 0.05) higher total cell number (282.25 ± 27.02 vs 206.00 ± 40.46) and a lower apoptotic index (2.42 ± 0.46 vs 4.07 ± 1.44) than blastocyst developed from ethanol-activated oocytes. The relative expression of anti-apoptotic genes (BCL2, BCL2A1, MCL) at different stages of embryos produced by either calcium ionophore or ethanol activation was found to be increased in earlier stages and decreased in later stages of embryonic development. Similarly, when these embryos were subjected to pro-apoptotic genes (BAX, BAD, BAK), expression was found to be slightly higher in blastocysts than other stages. This study shows that calcium ionophore-activated blastocysts were developmentally more competent than the ethanol-activated blastocysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Dua
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, India
| | - D Nagoorvali
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, India
| | - M S Chauhan
- ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdum, Mathura, 281122, India
| | - P Palta
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, India
| | - P Mathur
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, 201303, India
| | - M K Singh
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, India.
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Effects of BPA on expression of apoptotic genes and migration of ovine trophectoderm (oTr1) cells during the peri-implantation period of pregnancy. Reprod Toxicol 2019; 83:73-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Maruri A, Cruzans PR, Lorenzo MS, Tello MF, Teplitz GM, Carou MC, Lombardo DM. Embryotrophic effect of a short-term embryo coculture with bovine luteal cells. Theriogenology 2018; 119:143-149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Fipronil causes toxicity in mouse preimplantation embryos. Toxicology 2018; 410:214-221. [PMID: 30130558 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this study the possible toxicity of phenylpyrazole fipronil, the related commercial product FIPRON spot-on as well as FIPRON spot-on secondary ingredients on the developmental capacities and quality of mouse preimplantation embryos was evaluated. During in vitro tests, isolated two-cell stage embryos were cultured in media with addition of the listed chemicals until blastocyst formation. Stereomicroscopic evaluation of in vitro produced embryos showed that fipronil at 1 μM and higher concentration negatively affected embryonic development. Fluorescence staining revealed that the obtained blastocysts displayed lower numbers of blastomeres at 10 μM concentrations and elevated incidence of cell death from 1 μM concentration. The presence of FIPRON spot-on at a concentration equivalent to 10 μM of fipronil caused massive degeneration of all embryos. Secondary ingredients (butylhydroxyanisolum, butylhydroxytoluenum) at corresponding concentrations negatively impacted the development and quality of preimplantation embryos as well. During in vivo tests (daily oral administration of fipronil during the preimplantation period) in embryos collected from treated mouse females, significantly elevated incidence of cell death was observed even at the acute reference dose. Fipronil impaired the development and quality of mouse preimplantation embryos in both in vitro and in vivo tests. Embryotoxicity of the commercial product FIPRON spot-on was potentiated by the presence of secondary ingredients.
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Embryotropic effects of vascular endothelial growth factor on porcine embryos produced by in vitro fertilization. Theriogenology 2018; 120:147-156. [PMID: 30121547 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Current research suggests that supplementing in vitro culture (IVC) media with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) may have beneficial effects on the development of porcine embryos in vitro. However, the molecular signaling mechanisms underlying this effect are unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of VEGF on molecular signaling events during in vitro embryonic development of porcine embryos. Porcine oocytes matured in vitro were fertilized, and the resultant zygotes were cultured with 5 ng/mL of VEGF supplemented with or without fetal bovine serum from day 4 till day 7. Without VEGF and/or FBS served as the control group. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect expression patterns of apoptosis- and oxidative stress-related genes in day 7 blastocysts (BLs). Early-stage apoptosis was detected by annexin-V assays in day 2 and day 7 embryos. We found that the addition of VEGF throughout the culture period with or without FBS supplementation significantly improved embryo survival and development. Supplementation with VEGF in the IVC medium significantly increased early BL formation (p < 0.05), although addition of FBS on day 4 significantly increased hatched BL formation (p < 0.05) regardless of VEGF supplementation. However, supplementation of media with both VEGF and FBS increased the formation of expanded BLs synergistically. The average total cell numbers per BL were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in embryos supplemented with VEGF and FBS than in those supplemented with either VEGF or FBS alone. We also found that accumulation of reactive oxygen species in VEGF-treated embryos was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than that in untreated embryos. The mRNA levels of caspase-3 were significantly lower (p < 0.05), and those of Bcl-2 and Nrf-2 were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in embryos grown in VEGF-supplemented media than in embryos grown in non-supplemented media. Furthermore, on day 2, the numbers of viable embryos (44.06 ± 3.94%) and blastomeres (67.18 ± 3.60%) were significantly higher (p < 0.05), and the numbers of early apoptotic embryos (55.94 ± 3.94) and blastomeres (23.23 ± 4.22) were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in VEGF-treated BLs than in controls. Furthermore, the numbers of early apoptotic cells in BLs on day 7 were also significantly lower (p < 0.05) in VEGF-treated BLs than in controls. Overall, our results indicate that supplementing IVC media with VEGF during in vitro culture of porcine embryos increases their developmental potential.
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Saini M, Selokar NL, Palta P, Chauhan MS, Manik RS, Singla SK. An update: Reproductive handmade cloning of water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Anim Reprod Sci 2018; 197:1-9. [PMID: 30122268 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The first birth of a cloned animal produced through the Handmade cloning (HMC) technique was reported more than 15 years ago in cattle. This method of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) has subsequently been evolving as a much simpler alternative to the classical micromanipulator-based SCNT. Several farm animal species such as cattle, buffalo, pigs, sheep, and goats have been successfully cloned using HMC. In buffalo, HMC technique is now well established, and several births of cloned calves have been reported by us. Several factors such as source of somatic cells, quality of recipient oocytes, cell cycle stage prior to SCNT, electrofusion and culture conditions, and epigenetic status of somatic cells, have been optimized leading to the production of good quality cloned embryos. The preservation through cloning of proven breeding bulls that have died by producing live offspring using somatic cells isolated from frozen semen as donor cells and birth of a cloned calf from urine-derived cells are impressive examples of the success of HMC in buffalo. In conclusion, HMC is a valued reproductive technique in buffalo that offers the opportunity to make multiple copies of highly valuable animals, particularly proven breeding bulls. In this review, there is a discussion of the advancement of the HMC technique in buffalo and factors responsible for the efficient production of cloned embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Saini
- ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, India
| | | | - Prabhat Palta
- ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, India
| | | | - Radhey S Manik
- ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, India
| | - Suresh K Singla
- ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, India.
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Elmetwally MA, Lenis Y, Tang W, Wu G, Bazer FW. Effects of catecholamines on secretion of interferon tau and expression of genes for synthesis of polyamines and apoptosis by ovine trophectoderm†. Biol Reprod 2018; 99:611-628. [DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Elmetwally
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
- Center for Animal Biotechnology and Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mansoura, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Yasser Lenis
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
- Center for Animal Biotechnology and Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
- Centauro Research Group, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agrarian Science, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, U.D.C.A, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Wanjin Tang
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
- Center for Animal Biotechnology and Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
- Center for Animal Biotechnology and Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Fuller W Bazer
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
- Center for Animal Biotechnology and Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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Yamanaka KI, Khatun H, Egashira J, Balboula AZ, Tatemoto H, Sakatani M, Takenouchi N, Wada Y, Takahashi M. Heat-shock-induced cathepsin B activity during IVF and culture compromises the developmental competence of bovine embryos. Theriogenology 2018; 114:293-300. [PMID: 29677632 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Heat stress can cause significant reproductive dysfunction in mammals and previous studies report that expression and activity of cathepsin B (CTSB), a lysosomal cysteine protease, is negatively correlated with the developmental competence of bovine oocytes and embryos. However, the relationship between heat shock (HS) and CTSB remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated the effects of HS during IVF and early embryonic stages of IVC on CTSB activity and developmental competence in bovine embryos. HS (40 °C for 6 h during IVF and 20 h during IVC) caused a significant increase in CTSB activity irrespective of the developmental stage or duration of HS. The developmental rate to the blastocyst stage was also significantly decreased by HS. Additionally, HS during IVC significantly increased the number of apoptotic cells in blastocysts. Notably, these HS-induced changes in blastocyst development and quality were significantly improved by inhibition of CTSB activity, indicating a key role for CTSB. These results showed that CTSB activity plays an essential role in HS-induced dysfunction in bovine embryo development, and that inhibition of this activity could enhance the developmental competence of heat-shocked embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ichi Yamanaka
- Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga, Japan; The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.
| | - Hafiza Khatun
- Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga, Japan; The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan; Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Junki Egashira
- Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga, Japan; The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan; Saga Prefectural Livestock Experiment Station, Saga, Japan
| | | | - Hideki Tatemoto
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan; Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Miki Sakatani
- Livestock and Grassland Research Division, Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center, NARO, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Naoki Takenouchi
- Livestock and Grassland Research Division, Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center, NARO, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Wada
- Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga, Japan; The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Masashi Takahashi
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
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M-Hamvas M, Ajtay K, Beyer D, Jámbrik K, Vasas G, Surányi G, Máthé C. Cylindrospermopsin induces biochemical changes leading to programmed cell death in plants. Apoptosis 2018; 22:254-264. [PMID: 27787653 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-016-1322-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In the present study we provide cytological and biochemical evidence that the cyanotoxin cylindrospermopsin (CYN) induces programmed cell death (PCD) symptoms in two model vascular plants: the dicot white mustard (Sinapis alba) and the monocot common reed (Phragmites australis). Cytological data include chromatin fragmentation and the increase of the ratio of TUNEL-positive cells in roots, the latter being detected in both model systems studied. The strongest biochemical evidence is the elevation of the activity of several single-stranded DNA preferring nucleases-among them enzymes active at both acidic and alkaline conditions and are probably directly related to DNA breaks occurring at the initial stages of plant PCD: 80 kDa nucleases and a 26 kDa nuclease, both having dual (single- and double-stranded nucleic acid) specificity. Moreover, the total protease activity and in particular, a 53-56 kDa alkaline protease activity increases. This protease could be inhibited by PMSF, thus regarded as serine protease. Serine proteases are detected in all organs of Brassicaceae (Arabidopsis) having importance in differentiation of specialized plant tissue through PCD, in protein degradation/processing during early germination and defense mechanisms induced by a variety of biotic and abiotic stresses. However, knowledge of the physiological roles of these proteases and nucleases in PCD still needs further research. It is concluded that CYN treatment induces chromatin fragmentation and PCD in plant cells by activating specific nucleases and proteases. CYN is proposed to be a suitable molecule to study the mechanism of plant apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márta M-Hamvas
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1., Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Kitti Ajtay
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1., Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Dániel Beyer
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1., Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Katalin Jámbrik
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1., Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Gábor Vasas
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1., Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Gyula Surányi
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1., Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Csaba Máthé
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1., Debrecen, 4032, Hungary.
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Khan I, Chowdhury M, Song SH, Mesalam A, Zhang S, Khan Khalil AA, Jung EH, Kim JB, Jafri L, Mirza B, Kong IK. Lupeol supplementation improves the developmental competence of bovine embryos in vitro. Theriogenology 2018; 107:203-210. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Nuttinck F, Jouneau A, Charpigny G, Hue I, Richard C, Adenot P, Ruffini S, Laffont L, Chebrout M, Duranthon V, Guienne BML. Prosurvival effect of cumulus prostaglandin G/H synthase 2/prostaglandin2 signaling on bovine blastocyst: impact on in vivo posthatching development. Biol Reprod 2017; 96:531-541. [PMID: 28339853 PMCID: PMC5819843 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.116.145367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptotic activity is a common physiological process which culminates at the blastocyst stage in the preimplantation embryo of many mammals. The degree of embryonic cell death can be influenced by the oocyte microenvironment. However, the prognostic significance of the incidence of apoptosis remains undefined. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) derived from prostaglandin G/H synthase-2 (PTGS2) activity is a well-known prosurvival factor that is mainly studied in oncology. PGE2 is the predominant PTGS2-derived prostaglandin present in the oocyte microenvironment during the periconceptional period. Using an in vitro model of bovine embryo production followed by transfer and collection procedures, we investigated the impact of periconceptional PGE2 on the occurrence of spontaneous apoptosis in embryos and on subsequent in vivo posthatching development. Different periconceptional PGE2 environments were obtained using NS-398, a specific inhibitor of PTGS2 activity, and exogenous PGE2. We assessed the level of embryonic cell death in blastocysts at day 8 postfertilization by counting total cell numbers, by the immunohistochemical staining of active caspase-3, and by quantifying terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling signals and apoptosis regulator (BCL-2/BAX) mRNA expression. Morphometric parameters were used to estimate the developmental stage of the embryonic disk and the extent of trophoblast elongation on day 15 conceptuses. Our findings indicate that periconceptional PGE2 signaling durably impacts oocytes, conferring increased resistance to spontaneous apoptosis in blastocysts and promoting embryonic disk development and the elongation process during preimplantation development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alice Jouneau
- UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Gilles Charpigny
- UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Isabelle Hue
- UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, Jouy en Josas, France
| | | | - Pierre Adenot
- UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Sylvie Ruffini
- UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Ludivine Laffont
- UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Martine Chebrout
- UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, Jouy en Josas, France
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Supplementation of lycopene in maturation media improves bovine embryo quality in vitro. Theriogenology 2017; 103:173-184. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Lee SH, Oh HJ, Kim MJ, Kim GA, Choi YB, Jo YK, Setyawan EMN, Lee BC. Effect of co-culture canine cumulus and oviduct cells with porcine oocytes during maturation and subsequent embryo development of parthenotes in vitro. Theriogenology 2017; 106:108-116. [PMID: 29049922 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In the estrus stage, canine oocytes are surrounded by cumulus cells and undergo maturation in the oviduct for 2-3 days after ovulation. We hypothesized that canine oviduct cells (cOC) and canine cumulus cells (cCC) during this stage might affect the maturation of oocytes and thereby improve subsequent embryo development. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare the effects of a cOC and cCC co-culture on oocyte in vitro maturation (IVM) and subsequent embryo development, and to analyze the gene expressions in a molecular fashion what co-culture actually gives the specific pathways in which the co-culture cells act to improve maturation and embryo development. The effect of co-culture using cOC and cCC on porcine oocyte IVM was investigated. Thereafter, oocytes were activated using electrical stimulation and embryo developmental competence was estimated. The expression of the genes related to oocyte maturation, embryo development and apoptosis were analyzed. Also, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels after IVM was analyzed. The IVM rate and embryo development including cleavage, blastocyst formation rates, and total blastocyst cell numbers from cOC group were significantly higher than other groups (P < 0.05). The expression of SMAD2/3 and growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) was significantly increased in cOC and oocytes from the cOC group compared with other groups. Moreover, the levels of GDF9, prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), WNT3A and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) were significantly up-regulated in blastocysts from the cOC group. The concentration of ROS was significantly lower in the supernatant of cOC groups compared with other groups. Also, the expression of BCL2 was significantly increased in porcine cumulus cells and oocytes from cOC group. The present study demonstrated that co-culture with cOC improved in vitro porcine oocyte maturation and subsequent embryo development competence. Also, co-culture with cOC during IVM induces a suitable environment for oocyte maturation by enhancing the mRNA level of SMAD2/3 and GDF9, and for embryo development by elevating the expression level of PTGS2, WNT3A and MMP2. In addition, the decreased ROS level in cOC co-culture could have a beneficial influence on oocyte maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Hee Lee
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Oh
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Geon A Kim
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Bin Choi
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Kwang Jo
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Erif Maha Nugraha Setyawan
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Chun Lee
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Darbandi S, Darbandi M, Khorram Khorshid HR, Sadeghi MR, Agarwal A, Sengupta P, Al-Hasani S, Akhondi MM. Ooplasmic transfer in human oocytes: efficacy and concerns in assisted reproduction. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2017; 15:77. [PMID: 28969648 PMCID: PMC5625659 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-017-0292-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ooplasmic transfer (OT) technique or cytoplasmic transfer is an emerging technique with relative success, having a significant status in assisted reproduction. This technique had effectively paved the way to about 30 healthy births worldwide. Though OT has long been invented, proper evaluation of the efficacy and risks associated with this critical technique has not been explored properly until today. This review thereby put emphasis upon the applications, efficacy and adverse effects of OT techniques in human. MAIN BODY Available reports published between January 1982 and August 2017 has been reviewed and the impact of OT on assisted reproduction was evaluated. The results consisted of an update on the efficacy and concerns of OT, the debate on mitochondrial heteroplasmy, apoptosis, and risk of genetic and epigenetic alteration. SHORT CONCLUSION The application of OT technique in humans demands more clarity and further development of this technique may successfully prove its utility as an effective treatment for oocyte incompetence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Darbandi
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Darbandi
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Reza Sadeghi
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashok Agarwal
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH USA
| | - Pallav Sengupta
- Physiology Unit Faculty of Medicine Lincoln University College, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Safaa Al-Hasani
- Reproductive Medicine Unit, University of Schleswig-Holstein, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Akhondi
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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Sugimura S, Akai T, Imai K. Selection of viable in vitro-fertilized bovine embryos using time-lapse monitoring in microwell culture dishes. J Reprod Dev 2017; 63:353-357. [PMID: 28552887 PMCID: PMC5593086 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2017-041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventionally, in vitro-fertilized (IVF) bovine embryos for transfer are morphologically evaluated at day 7–8 of embryo culture. This method is, however, subjective and results in unreliable selection. We
previously described a novel selection system for IVF bovine blastocysts for transfer that traces the development of individual embryos with time-lapse monitoring in our specially developed microwell culture dishes (LinKID
micro25). The system can noninvasively identify prognostic factors that reflect viability after transfer. By assessing a combination of identified prognostic factors —timing of the first cleavage; number of blastomeres at the end
of the first cleavage; and number of blastomeres at the onset of lag-phase, which results in temporary developmental arrest during the fourth or fifth cell cycle— the pregnancy rate was improved over using conventional
morphological evaluation. Time-lapse monitoring with LinKID micro25 could facilitate objective and reliable selection of healthy IVF bovine embryos. Here, we review the novel bovine embryo selection system that allows for
prediction of viability after transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Sugimura
- Department of Biological Production, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Tomonori Akai
- Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd., Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0871, Japan
| | - Kei Imai
- Department of Sustainable Agriculture, Rakuno Gakuen University, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
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Murillo A, Muñoz M, Martín-González D, Carrocera S, Martínez-Nistal A, Gómez E. Low serum concentration in bovine embryo culture enhances early blastocyst rates on Day-6 with quality traits in the expanded blastocyst stage similar to BSA-cultured embryos. Reprod Biol 2017; 17:162-171. [PMID: 28479126 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In bovine, single in vitro embryo culture in protein-free medium from Day-6 to Day-7 leads to expanded blastocyst (XB) with improved pregnancy and birth rates after cryopreservation. Under these conditions, early blastocysts (EB) progress to the XB stage at higher rates than morulae (M). However, embryo production with BSA in culture prior to Day-6 leads to low EB rates. We investigated whether a very low FCS concentration (0.1%) in culture from Day-1 to Day-6 would improve EB rates and, subsequently, increase XB rates on Day-7 after single culture in protein-free medium. The quality of embryos produced was evaluated in terms of survival to cryopreservation, apoptosis percentage, lipid accumulation and transfer to recipients. On Day-6, EB rates from embryos cultured with FCS were higher than with BSA (P=0.022). On Day-7, XB rates were higher in embryos from Day-6 EB than from Day-6M, both with and without FCS (P<0.005). After vitrification/warming of Day-7 XB, 100% embryos survived at 24h in all treatments, and total cell number and apoptosis percentage were not affected by the presence of FCS or embryonic stage on Day-6. Cryopreserved and fresh embryos produced with FCS until Day-6, and then deprived of protein and cultured individually, led to pregnancies after ET. In conclusion, minute FCS concentration improves EB rates on Day-6 leading, after one-day single culture without protein, to more XBs. The quality of XB produced with FCS compares well with XB produced with BSA in terms of apoptosis, lipid accumulation and pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Murillo
- Centro de Biotecnología Animal, SERIDA, Camino de Rioseco 1225, 33394 Gijón, Spain.
| | - M Muñoz
- Centro de Biotecnología Animal, SERIDA, Camino de Rioseco 1225, 33394 Gijón, Spain
| | - D Martín-González
- Centro de Biotecnología Animal, SERIDA, Camino de Rioseco 1225, 33394 Gijón, Spain
| | - S Carrocera
- Centro de Biotecnología Animal, SERIDA, Camino de Rioseco 1225, 33394 Gijón, Spain
| | - A Martínez-Nistal
- Unidad de Microscopía Fotónica y Proceso de Imágenes, Servicios Científico Técnicos, Universidad de Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - E Gómez
- Centro de Biotecnología Animal, SERIDA, Camino de Rioseco 1225, 33394 Gijón, Spain
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Full-term potential of goat in vitro produced embryos after different cryopreservation methods. Cryobiology 2017; 75:75-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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50
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Wang L, Zhang H, Wang Y, Wang F, Liu X, Wu Y, Hua S, Quan F, Zhang Y. Peroxiredoxin 5 is essential for in vitro development of bovine SCNT embryos. Theriogenology 2017; 92:156-166. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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