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Maes D, Pavani KC, Nauwynck H, Van Soom A. Immunological defense mechanisms of ejaculates and the spread of viral infectious diseases through pig semen. Anim Reprod Sci 2024:107535. [PMID: 38880667 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2024.107535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
This review focuses on the mechanisms of immune tolerance and antimicrobial defense in the male genital tract of the pig. Sperm cells are foreign to the immune system and, therefore, they must be protected from the immune system. The blood-testis-barrier is mediated by a physical barrier between adjacent Sertoli cells, several cell types within the testis, and interactions between immunomodulatory molecules. The blood-epididymal-barrier is composed of a physical barrier that is lined with principal cells having a network of junctional complexes in their apical lateral membrane and completed by specific transporters. The seminal plasma (SP) contains many signaling agents involved in establishing a state of immune tolerance in the female genital tract, which is essential for successful fertilization. Specific SP-proteins, however, also have pro-inflammatory capacities contributing to transient uterine inflammation, supporting the removal of foreign cells, possible pathogens, and excessive spermatozoa. While many different proteins and other substances present in semen can damage sperm cells, they may also protect them against viral infections. A delicate balance of these substances, therefore, needs to be maintained. Related to this, recent studies have shown the importance of extracellular vesicles (EVs), as they contain these substances and convey immune signals. Yet, viruses may use EVs to interact with the male genital tract and circumvent immune responses. For this reason, further research needs to explore the role of EVs in the male reproductive tract, as it might contribute to elucidating the pathogenesis of viral infections that might be transmitted via semen and to developing better vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominiek Maes
- Unit of Porcine Health Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium.
| | - Krishna C Pavani
- Reproductive Biology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium
| | - Hans Nauwynck
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium
| | - Ann Van Soom
- Reproductive Biology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium
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Kawasaki K, Hirai M, Ishiki Y, Nagahama A, Konno T, Yamanaka K, Tatemoto H. The strong anti-hyaluronidase effect of ellagic acid markedly decreases polyspermy during in vitro fertilization, resulting in sustainment of the developmental potency in porcine oocytes. Theriogenology 2024; 215:95-102. [PMID: 38016306 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of ellagic acid, a type of polyphenol that does not have a glycan and is composed of four hydroxyl groups and two lactone functional groups, on porcine in vitro fertilization (IVF) by focusing on its anti-hyaluronidase activity. A comparative analysis of ellagic acid and apigenin, which is commonly used as a hyaluronidase inhibitor, was performed. It compared the effects of ellagic acid and apigenin on hyaluronidase activity at different concentrations. The results showed that 10, 20, and 40 μM ellagic acid strongly reduced hyaluronidase activity (P < 0.05). The addition of 20 μM ellagic acid, but not apigenin, to porcine IVF medium effectively reduced polyspermy without decreasing sperm penetration or the formation rates of male pronuclei in cumulus-free oocytes. However, neither ellagic acid nor apigenin affected the number of sperm that bound to zona pellucida (ZP) or the induction of zona hardening and protease resistance. The percentage of acrosome-reacting sperm that bound to the ZP was markedly lower in the presence of 20 μM ellagic acid than in the untreated and apigenin-treated groups, even though the antioxidant capacity of ellagic acid was weaker than that of apigenin. Furthermore, a markedly higher percentage of embryos developed to the blastocyst stage in the ellagic acid-treated group, and the apoptotic indexes of expanded blastocysts produced by the ellagic acid treatment during IVF were significantly low. Therefore, the anti-hyaluronidase effect of ellagic acid markedly suppressed the induction of the acrosome reaction in sperm that bound to the ZP, resulting in a marked decrease in polyspermy under conditions that maintained high sperm penetrability during IVF and sustainment of the developmental potency in porcine oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kokoro Kawasaki
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | - Moe Hirai
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | - Yuki Ishiki
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | - Ayari Nagahama
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Konno
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | - Kenichi Yamanaka
- Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga, Saga city, 840-8502, Japan
| | - Hideki Tatemoto
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan.
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Teplitz GM, Lorenzo MS, Cruzans PR, Olea GB, Salamone DF, Bastien A, Robert C, Sirard MA, Lombardo DM. Coculture with porcine luteal cells during in vitro porcine oocyte maturation affects lipid content, cortical reaction and zona pellucida ultrastructure. Reprod Fertil Dev 2024; 36:NULL. [PMID: 38096792 DOI: 10.1071/rd23150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT In pigs, in vitro fertilisation (IVF) is associated with high polyspermy rates, and for this reason, in vitro embryo production (IVP) is still an inefficient biotechnology. Coculture with somatic cells is an alternative to improve suboptimal in vitro maturation (IVM) conditions. AIM This study was conducted to test a coculture system of porcine luteal cells (PLC) and cumulus-oocyte complexes (COC) to improve oocyte metabolism. METHODS COC were matured in vitro with PLC. Oocyte lipid content, mitochondrial activity, zona pellucida (ZP) digestibility and pore size, cortical reaction and in vitro embryo development were assessed. KEY RESULTS Coculture reduced cytoplasmic lipid content in the oocyte cytoplasm without increasing mitochondrial activity. Although ZP digestibility and ZP pore number were not different between culture systems, ZP pores were smaller in the coculture. Coculture impacted the distribution of cortical granules as they were found immediately under the oolemma, and more of them had released their content in the ZP. Coculture with porcine luteal cells during IVM increased monospermic penetration and embryo development after IVF. CONCLUSIONS The coculture of COC with PLC affects the metabolism of the oocyte and benefits monospermic penetration and embryo development. IMPLICATIONS The coculture system with PLC could be an alternative for the conventional maturation medium in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Teplitz
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, Buenos Aires C1425FQB, Argentina; and Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal, Cátedra de Histología y Embriología, Chorroarín 280, Buenos Aires C1427CWO, Argentina
| | - M S Lorenzo
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, Buenos Aires C1425FQB, Argentina; and Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal, Cátedra de Histología y Embriología, Chorroarín 280, Buenos Aires C1427CWO, Argentina
| | - P R Cruzans
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, Buenos Aires C1425FQB, Argentina; and Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal, Cátedra de Histología y Embriología, Chorroarín 280, Buenos Aires C1427CWO, Argentina
| | - G B Olea
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, Buenos Aires C1425FQB, Argentina; and Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Cátedra de Histología y Embriología, Cabral 2139, Corrientes C.P. 3400, Argentina
| | - D F Salamone
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, Buenos Aires C1425FQB, Argentina; and Laboratorio de Biotecnología Animal, Facultad de Agronomia, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Avenue San Martin 4453, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1417DSE, Argentina
| | - A Bastien
- Departement des Sciences Animales, Centre de Recherche en Reproduction, Développement et Santé Inter-générationnelle (CRDSI). Pavillon Des Services, local 2732, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - C Robert
- Departement des Sciences Animales, Centre de Recherche en Reproduction, Développement et Santé Inter-générationnelle (CRDSI). Pavillon Des Services, local 2732, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - M A Sirard
- Departement des Sciences Animales, Centre de Recherche en Reproduction, Développement et Santé Inter-générationnelle (CRDSI). Pavillon Des Services, local 2732, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - D M Lombardo
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, Buenos Aires C1425FQB, Argentina; and Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal, Cátedra de Histología y Embriología, Chorroarín 280, Buenos Aires C1427CWO, Argentina
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Selvaraju S, Ramya L, Swathi D, Archana SS, Lavanya M, Krishnappa B, Binsila BK, Mahla AS, Arangasamy A, Andonissamy J, Kumar P, Sharma RK. Cryostress induces fragmentation and alters the abundance of sperm transcripts associated with fertilizing competence and reproductive processes in buffalo. Cell Tissue Res 2023:10.1007/s00441-023-03764-8. [PMID: 37079096 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-023-03764-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to assess the influence of cryostress on RNA integrity and functional significance in sperm fertilizing ability. The fresh and post-thawed buffalo sperm (n = 6 each) samples were evaluated for their functional attributes, and sperm total RNA was subjected to transcriptome sequencing followed by validation using real-time PCR and dot blot. Overall, 6911 genes had an expression of FPKM > 1, and among these 431 genes were abundantly expressed (FPKM > 20) in buffalo sperm. These abundantly expressed genes regulate reproductive functions such as sperm motility (TEKT2, SPEM1, and PRM3, FDR = 1.10E-08), fertilization (EQTN, PLCZ1, and SPESP1, FDR = 7.25E-06) and the developmental process involved in reproduction (SPACA1, TNP1, and YBX2, FDR = 7.21E-06). Cryopreservation significantly (p < 0.05) affected the structural and functional membrane integrities of sperm. The expression levels of transcripts that regulate the metabolic activities and fertility-related functions were compromised during cryopreservation. Interestingly, cryostress induces the expression of genes involved (p < 0.05) in chemokine signaling (CX3CL1, CCL20, and CXCR4), G-protein coupled receptor binding (ADRB1, EDN1, and BRS3), translation (RPS28, MRPL28, and RPL18A), oxidative phosphorylation (ND1, ND2, and COX2), response to reactive oxygen species (GLRX2, HYAL2, and EDN1), and immune responses (CX3CL1, CCL26, and TBXA2R). These precociously expressed genes during cryopreservation alter the signaling mechanisms that govern sperm functional competence and can impact fertilization and early embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sellappan Selvaraju
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bengaluru, 560030, India.
| | - Laxman Ramya
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bengaluru, 560030, India
| | - Divakar Swathi
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bengaluru, 560030, India
| | | | - Maharajan Lavanya
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bengaluru, 560030, India
| | - Balaganur Krishnappa
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bengaluru, 560030, India
| | - Bala Krishnan Binsila
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bengaluru, 560030, India
| | - Ajit Singh Mahla
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bengaluru, 560030, India
- Physiology and Biochemistry Division, ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Rajasthan, 304501, India
| | - Arunachalam Arangasamy
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bengaluru, 560030, India
| | - Jerome Andonissamy
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Sharma
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India
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Sun JT, Liu JH, Jiang XQ, Luo X, Yuan JD, Zhang Q, Qi XY, Lee S, Liu ZH, Jin JX. Tannin Reduces the Incidence of Polyspermic Penetration in Porcine Oocytes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11102027. [PMID: 36290750 PMCID: PMC9598560 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11102027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Tannin (TA) improves porcine oocyte cytoplasmic maturation and subsequent embryonic development after in vitro fertilization (IVF). However, the mechanism through which TA blocks polyspermy after IVF remains unclear. Hence, the biological function of organelles (cortical granule [CG], Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum [ER], and mitochondria) and the incidence of polyspermic penetration were examined. We found no significant difference in oocyte nuclear maturation among the 1 µg/mL, 10 µg/mL TA, and control groups. Moreover, 100 μg/mL TA significantly reduced 1st polar body formation rate compared to the other groups. Additionally, 1 and 10 μg/mL TA significantly increased the protein levels of GDF9, BMP15, and CDK1 compared to the control and 100 μg/mL TA groups. Interestingly, 1 and 10 μg/mL TA improved the normal distribution of CGs, Golgi, ER, and mitochondria by upregulating organelle-related gene expression and downregulating ER stress (CHOP) gene expression. Simultaneously, 1 and 10 μg/mL TA significantly increased the proportion of normal fertilized oocytes (2 pronuclei; 2 PN) and blastocyst formation rate compared to the control, as well as that of 100 μg/mL TA after IVF by upregulating polyspermy-related genes. In conclusion, TA during IVM enhances 2PN and blastocyst formation rates by regulating organelles’ functions and activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Tao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jia-Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xi-Qing Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xin Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jin-Dong Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xin-Yue Qi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Sanghoon Lee
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Zhong-Hua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- Correspondence: (Z.-H.L.); (J.-X.J.)
| | - Jun-Xue Jin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- Correspondence: (Z.-H.L.); (J.-X.J.)
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Carboxypeptidase E protein regulates porcine sperm Ca 2+ influx to affect capacitation and fertilization. Theriogenology 2022; 192:28-37. [PMID: 36041383 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian spermatozoa acquire their fertilizing ability in the epididymis, which is important for sperm maturation and capacitation. Carboxypeptidase E (CPE) is a prohormone-processing enzyme and sorting receptor that functions intracellularly. Recently, CPE was identified to exist in the seminal plasma. However, little is known about the effects of CPE on reproductive function. This study focused on the effects of CPE on sperm function and fertilization. Herein, CPE was identified to be localized in the boar sperm, testis, epididymis, accessory gonad and seminal plasma, with high expression found in the bulbourethral glands and cauda epididymis. Furthermore, compared with high motility spermatozoa, a decrease in CPE abundance was observed in low motile spermatozoa by Western blot analysis. The use of specific antibody to inhibit the CPE in spermatozoa led to a decrease in sperm motility, followed by an expected decrease in acrosome exocytosis and tyrosine phosphorylation in the capacitation process. These changes were accompanied by a decrease in intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) influx, which resulted in a significant decrease in the cleavage rate during in vitro fertilization (IVF). Based on these observations, we suggest that CPE might affect porcine sperm Ca2+ influx to participate in the regulation of sperm function during capacitation.
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7
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Zeng F, Wang M, Li J, Li C, Pan X, Meng L, Li L, Wei H, Zhang S. Involvement of Porcine β-Defensin 129 in Sperm Capacitation and Rescue of Poor Sperm in Genital Tract Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169441. [PMID: 36012708 PMCID: PMC9409293 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, β-defensins have been reported to play pivotal roles in sperm protection and fertilization. However, the function and mechanism of porcine β-defensin 129 (pBD129) in the sperm remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that pBD129 is a glycosylated protein and broadly exists in accessory sex glands and coats the sperm surface. We inhibited the pBD129 protein on the sperm surface with an anti-pBD129 antibody and found that sperm motility was not significantly affected; however, sperm acrosome integrity and tyrosine phosphorylation levels increased significantly with time (p < 0.05) during capacitation. These changes were accompanied by an increase in sperm Ca2+ influx, resulting in a significantly reduced in vitro fertilization cleavage rate (p < 0.05). Further investigation revealed that treatment with recombinant pBD129 markedly restored the sperm motility in semen contaminated with Escherichia coli. The results suggest that pBD129 is not only associated with poor sperm motility after genital tract infection but can also protect the spermatozoa from premature capacitation, which may be beneficial for semen preservation.
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Chen Y, Wang K, Zhang S. OPN enhances sperm capacitation and in vitro fertilization efficiency
in boars. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 64:235-246. [PMID: 35530410 PMCID: PMC9039945 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2022.e15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Chen
- Henry Fok College of Biology and
Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512000, China
| | - Kai Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for
Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal
Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China
Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shouquan Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for
Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal
Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China
Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Corresponding author: Shouquan Zhang, National
Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial
Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal
Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. Tel:
+86-1350-020-8849, E-mail:
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Chen PR, Uh K, Redel BK, Reese ED, Prather RS, Lee K. Production of Pigs From Porcine Embryos Generated in vitro. FRONTIERS IN ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2022.826324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Generating porcine embryos in vitro is a critical process for creating genetically modified pigs as agricultural and biomedical models; however, these embryo technologies have been scarcely applied by the swine industry. Currently, the primary issue with in vitro-produced porcine embryos is low pregnancy rate after transfer and small litter size, which may be exasperated by micromanipulation procedures. Thus, in this review, we discuss improvements that have been made to the in vitro porcine embryo production system to increase the number of live piglets per pregnancy as well as abnormalities in the embryos and piglets that may arise from in vitro culture and manipulation techniques. Furthermore, we examine areas related to embryo production and transfer where improvements are warranted that will have direct applications for increasing pregnancy rate after transfer and the number of live born piglets per litter.
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10
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Almiñana C, Dubuisson F, Bauersachs S, Royer E, Mermillod P, Blesbois E, Guignot F. Unveiling how vitrification affects the porcine blastocyst: clues from a transcriptomic study. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:46. [PMID: 35303969 PMCID: PMC8932223 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-021-00672-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Currently, there is a high demand for efficient pig embryo cryopreservation procedures in the porcine industry as well as for genetic diversity preservation and research purposes. To date, vitrification (VIT) is the most efficient method for pig embryo cryopreservation. Despite a high number of embryos survives in vitro after vitrification/warming procedures, the in vivo embryo survival rates after embryo transfer are variable among laboratories. So far, most studies have focused on cryoprotective agents and devices, while the VIT effects on porcine embryonic gene expression remained unclear. The few studies performed were based on vitrified/warmed embryos that were cultured in vitro (IVC) to allow them to re–expand. Thus, the specific alterations of VIT, IVC, and the cumulative effect of both remained unknown. To unveil the VIT-specific embryonic alterations, gene expression in VIT versus (vs.) IVC embryos was analyzed. Additionally, changes derived from both VIT and IVC vs. control embryos (CO) were analyzed to confirm the VIT embryonic alterations. Three groups of in vivo embryos at the blastocyst stage were analyzed by RNA–sequencing: (1) VIT embryos (vitrified/warmed and cultured in vitro), (2) IVC embryos and (3) CO embryos. Results RNA–sequencing revealed three clearly different mRNA profiles for VIT, IVC and CO embryos. Comparative analysis of mRNA profiles between VIT and IVC identified 321, differentially expressed genes (DEG) (FDR < 0.006). In VIT vs. CO and IVC vs. CO, 1901 and 1519 DEG were found, respectively, with an overlap of 1045 genes. VIT-specific functional alterations were associated to response to osmotic stress, response to hormones, and developmental growth. While alterations in response to hypoxia and mitophagy were related to the sum of VIT and IVC effects. Conclusions Our findings revealed new insights into the VIT procedure-specific alterations of embryonic gene expression by first comparing differences in VIT vs. IVC embryos and second by an integrative transcriptome analysis including in vivo control embryos. The identified VIT alterations might reflect the transcriptional signature of the embryo cryodamage but also the embryo healing process overcoming the VIT impacts. Selected validated genes were pointed as potential biomarkers that may help to improve vitrification. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40104-021-00672-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Almiñana
- UMR PRC, INRAE 0085, CNRS 7247, Université de Tours, IFCE, F, -37380, Nouzilly, France. .,Functional Genomics Group, Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, VetSuisse Faculty Zurich, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - F Dubuisson
- UMR PRC, INRAE 0085, CNRS 7247, Université de Tours, IFCE, F, -37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - S Bauersachs
- Functional Genomics Group, Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, VetSuisse Faculty Zurich, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - E Royer
- UEPAO, INRAE, F, -37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - P Mermillod
- UMR PRC, INRAE 0085, CNRS 7247, Université de Tours, IFCE, F, -37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - E Blesbois
- UMR PRC, INRAE 0085, CNRS 7247, Université de Tours, IFCE, F, -37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - F Guignot
- UMR PRC, INRAE 0085, CNRS 7247, Université de Tours, IFCE, F, -37380, Nouzilly, France
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11
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Zeng F, Li C, Huang J, Xie S, Zhou L, Meng L, Li L, Wei H, Zhang S. Glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 is positively related with sperm quality of porcine sperm. Mol Reprod Dev 2021; 89:104-112. [PMID: 34888969 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The glutathione S-transferase (GST) superfamily members play an important role in the male reproductive tract and sperm physiology. However, the expression profiles of some members of this protein family and their effect on sperm quality remain unclear. In this study, we found that GST kappa 1 (GSTK1) encoded protein is abundant in the testes and capacitated sperm acrosome. Western blot analysis revealed that the decreased abundance of GSTK1 was observed in low motile spermatozoa; moreover, GSTK1 expression decreased in sperm stored at 17°C under a long preservation time. In vitro analyses revealed that GSTK1 had no significant effect on sperm motility, capacitation, or acrosome reaction. Notably, after capacitated sperm were incubated with 4 and 8 μg/ml anti-GSTK1 antibodies, the fertilization rate significantly decreased in vitro fertilization assay. The current study demonstrates that GSTK1 is correlated with sperm quality and is a promising marker for the assessment of sperm quality and provides a basis for understanding the potential molecular mechanism for targeting pathogenic factors in male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanwen Zeng
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengde Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianhao Huang
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shefeng Xie
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - LeLe Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Meng
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hengxi Wei
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shouquan Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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12
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Ding Y, Ding N, Zhang Y, Xie S, Huang M, Ding X, Dong W, Zhang Q, Jiang L. MicroRNA-222 Transferred From Semen Extracellular Vesicles Inhibits Sperm Apoptosis by Targeting BCL2L11. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:736864. [PMID: 34820370 PMCID: PMC8607813 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.736864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Seminal plasma contains a large number of extracellular vesicles (EVs). However, the roles of these EVs and their interactions with sperm are not clear. To identify the important molecules affecting sperm motility in EVs, we analyzed RNA from seminal plasma EVs of boars with different sperm motility using whole-transcriptome sequencing and proteomic analysis. In total, 7 miRNAs, 67 lncRNAs, 126 mRNAs and 76 proteins were differentially expressed between the two groups. We observed that EV-miR-222 can obviously improve sperm motility. In addition, the results suggested that miR-222 was transferred into sperm by the EVs and that miR-222 affected sperm apoptosis by inhibiting the expression of EGFR, BCL2L11, BAX, CYCs, CASP9 and CASP3. The results of electron microscopy also showed that overexpression of miR-222 in EVs could reduce sperm apoptosis. The study of the whole transcriptomes and proteomes of EVs in boar semen revealed some miRNAs may play an important role in these EVs interactions with Duroc sperm, and the findings suggest that the release of miR-222 by semen EVs is an important mechanism by which sperm viability is maintained and sperm apoptosis is reduced. Our studies provide a new insight of miR-222 in EVs regulation for sperm motility and sperm apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqun Ding
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Ding
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shenmin Xie
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengna Huang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangdong Ding
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wuzi Dong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Li Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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13
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Chen PR, Redel BK, Kerns KC, Spate LD, Prather RS. Challenges and Considerations during In Vitro Production of Porcine Embryos. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102770. [PMID: 34685749 PMCID: PMC8535139 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetically modified pigs have become valuable tools for generating advances in animal agriculture and human medicine. Importantly, in vitro production and manipulation of embryos is an essential step in the process of creating porcine models. As the in vitro environment is still suboptimal, it is imperative to examine the porcine embryo culture system from several angles to identify methods for improvement. Understanding metabolic characteristics of porcine embryos and considering comparisons with other mammalian species is useful for optimizing culture media formulations. Furthermore, stressors arising from the environment and maternal or paternal factors must be taken into consideration to produce healthy embryos in vitro. In this review, we progress stepwise through in vitro oocyte maturation, fertilization, and embryo culture in pigs to assess the status of current culture systems and address points where improvements can be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula R. Chen
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | | | - Karl C. Kerns
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Lee D. Spate
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- National Swine Resource and Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Randall S. Prather
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- National Swine Resource and Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Correspondence:
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14
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Michos I, Tsantarliotou M, Boscos CM, Tsousis G, Basioura A, Tzika ED, Tassis PD, Lymberopoulos AG, Tsakmakidis IA. Effect of Boar Sperm Proteins and Quality Changes on Field Fertility. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061813. [PMID: 34204554 PMCID: PMC8234339 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Artificial insemination with extended liquid boar semen is widely used in the swine industry. The identification of the relationship between boar sperm characteristics and fertility could be of substantial importance to reproduction management. This study evaluated the relationship between boar sperm characteristics and sperm/seminal plasma proteins with main parameters of field fertility. Immotile spermatozoa and spermatozoa with biochemically active plasma membranes affected the number of live-born piglets and litter size of ≥12 piglets. The proteins osteopontin 70 and glutathione peroxidase 5, both separately and in combination, affected the farrowing rate. The combination of immotile sperm and protein osteopontin 70 explained the variation regarding litter size with ≥12 piglets. In conclusion, the evaluation of semen quality variables combined with the evaluation of specific sperm or seminal plasma proteins could provide useful information on in vivo fertilizing capacity of semen doses. Abstract This study aimed to evaluate boar sperm characteristics and proteins, in relation to their importance regarding in vivo fertility. Sixty-five ejaculates were used and 468 sows (parity ≥ 2) were inseminated. Sperm CASA kinetics, morphology, viability, DNA fragmentation, mitochondrial membrane potential, sperm membrane biochemical activity (HOST) and sperm proteins (Heat Shock Protein 90-HSP90, glutathione peroxidase-5-GPX5, Osteopontin 70-OPN70) were assessed and related to field fertility (number of live-born piglets—NLBP, litter size ≥ 12 piglets—LS, farrowing rate—FR). Statistical analysis was conducted with simple and multiple regression models. Simple regression analysis showed that immotile sperm (IM) significantly affected the NLBP and LS, explaining 6.7% and 6.5% of their variation, respectively. The HOST positive spermatozoa significantly affected the NLBP and LS, explaining 24.5% and 7.8% of their variation, respectively. Similarly, sperm with activated mitochondria significantly affected the NLBP, explaining 13.5% of its variation. Moreover, the OPN70 affected LS and FR, explaining 7.5% and 10.8% of their variation, respectively. Sperm GPX5 protein affected FR, explaining 6.7% of its variation. Multiple regression analysis showed that the combination of IM and/OPN70 explains 13.0% of the variation regarding LS, and the combination of GPX5 and OPN70 explains 13.6% of the variation regarding FR. In conclusion, the estimation of parameters IM, membrane biochemical activity, mitochondrial membrane potential, OPN and GPX5 can provide useful information regarding semen doses for field fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilias Michos
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54627 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.M.); (M.T.); (C.M.B.); (G.T.); (A.B.); (E.D.T.); (P.D.T.)
| | - Maria Tsantarliotou
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54627 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.M.); (M.T.); (C.M.B.); (G.T.); (A.B.); (E.D.T.); (P.D.T.)
| | - Constantin M. Boscos
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54627 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.M.); (M.T.); (C.M.B.); (G.T.); (A.B.); (E.D.T.); (P.D.T.)
| | - Georgios Tsousis
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54627 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.M.); (M.T.); (C.M.B.); (G.T.); (A.B.); (E.D.T.); (P.D.T.)
| | - Athina Basioura
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54627 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.M.); (M.T.); (C.M.B.); (G.T.); (A.B.); (E.D.T.); (P.D.T.)
| | - Eleni D. Tzika
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54627 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.M.); (M.T.); (C.M.B.); (G.T.); (A.B.); (E.D.T.); (P.D.T.)
| | - Panagiotis D. Tassis
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54627 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.M.); (M.T.); (C.M.B.); (G.T.); (A.B.); (E.D.T.); (P.D.T.)
| | - Aristotelis G. Lymberopoulos
- Laboratory of Farm Animal Reproduction & Animal Breeding, Department of Agriculture, School of Geotechnical Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Ioannis A. Tsakmakidis
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54627 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.M.); (M.T.); (C.M.B.); (G.T.); (A.B.); (E.D.T.); (P.D.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2310-994-467
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15
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New Insights into the Mammalian Egg Zona Pellucida. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063276. [PMID: 33806989 PMCID: PMC8005149 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian oocytes are surrounded by an extracellular coat called the zona pellucida (ZP), which, from an evolutionary point of view, is the most ancient of the coats that envelope vertebrate oocytes and conceptuses. This matrix separates the oocyte from cumulus cells and is responsible for species-specific recognition between gametes, preventing polyspermy and protecting the preimplantation embryo. The ZP is a dynamic structure that shows different properties before and after fertilization. Until very recently, mammalian ZP was believed to be composed of only three glycoproteins, ZP1, ZP2 and ZP3, as first described in mouse. However, studies have revealed that this composition is not necessarily applicable to other mammals. Such differences can be explained by an analysis of the molecular evolution of the ZP gene family, during which ZP genes have suffered pseudogenization and duplication events that have resulted in differing models of ZP protein composition. The many discoveries made in recent years related to ZP composition and evolution suggest that a compilation would be useful. Moreover, this review analyses ZP biosynthesis, the role of each ZP protein in different mammalian species and how these proteins may interact among themselves and with other proteins present in the oviductal lumen.
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16
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Teplitz GM, Shi M, Sirard MA, Lombardo DM. Coculture of porcine luteal cells during in vitro porcine oocyte maturation affects blastocyst gene expression and developmental potential. Theriogenology 2021; 166:124-134. [PMID: 33735666 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Oocyte maturation in culture is still the weakest part of in vitro fertilization (IVF) and coculture with somatic cells may be an alternative to improve suboptimal culture conditions, especially in the pig in which maturation takes more than 44 h. In the present study, we investigated the effect of a coculture system of porcine luteal cells (PLC) during in vitro maturation (IVM) on embryo development and gene expression. Cumulus-oocyte complexes were matured in vitro in TCM-199 with human menopausal gonadotrophin (control) and in coculture with PLC. IVF was performed with frozen-thawed boar semen in Tris-buffered medium. Presumptive zygotes were cultured in PZM for 7 days. The coculture with PLC significantly increased blastocysts rates. Gene expression changes were measured with a porcine embryo-specific microarray and confirmed by RT-qPCR. The global transcription pattern of embryos developing after PLC coculture exhibited overall downregulation of gene expression. Following global gene expression pattern analysis, genes associated with lipid metabolism, mitochondrial function, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and apoptosis were found downregulated, and genes associated with cell cycle and proliferation were found upregulated in the PLC coculture. Canonical pathway analysis by Ingenuity Pathway revealed that differential expression transcripts were associated with the sirtuin signaling pathway, oxidative phosphorylation pathway, cytokines and ephrin receptor signaling. To conclude, the coculture system of PLC during IVM has a lasting effect on the embryo until the blastocyst stage, modifying gene expression, with a positive effect on embryo development. Our model could be an alternative to replace the conventional maturation medium with gonadotrophins with higher rates of embryo development, a key issue in porcine in vitro embryo production.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Teplitz
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290 C1425TQB, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal, Cátedra de Histología y Embriología, Chorroarín 280 C1427CWO, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Shi
- Departement des Sciences Animales, Centre de Recherche en Reproduction, Développement et Santé Inter-générationnelle (CRDSI), Université Laval, Quebec, Canada. Pavillon Des Services, Local 2732, Université Laval, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - M A Sirard
- Departement des Sciences Animales, Centre de Recherche en Reproduction, Développement et Santé Inter-générationnelle (CRDSI), Université Laval, Quebec, Canada. Pavillon Des Services, Local 2732, Université Laval, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - D M Lombardo
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290 C1425TQB, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal, Cátedra de Histología y Embriología, Chorroarín 280 C1427CWO, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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17
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Zeng F, Chen Y, Guo C, Li C, Wei H, Li L, Meng L, Zhang S. Analysis of differentially abundant proteins related to boar fertility in seminal plasma using iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics. J Proteomics 2021; 236:104120. [PMID: 33540064 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Animal fertility is one of the most important characteristics for the livestock breeding industry. Conventional semen analysis provides basic information on sperm quality, but the predictive value of such analysis with regard to fertility remains questionable. Therefore, it is important to determine and predict male fertility more accurately in the clinic. To identify seminal plasma proteins involved in fertility, isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (quantitative proteomic analysis) were used to identify differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) in seminal plasma between high- and low-reproductive-efficiency Landrace boars. A total of 141 DAPs were identified, of which 125 upregulated and 16 downregulated proteins were subjected to bioinformatics analysis. These DAPs were found to be mainly involved in proteolysis, ATP binding, and energy metabolism. We investigated the relevance of three DAPs-ceruloplasmin, carboxypeptidase E (CPE), and serpin family A member 12 (SERPINA12)-in an in vitro fertility assay. This assay revealed that the inhibition of these proteins with antibodies can reduce or increase the fertilization rate. These results indicate possible biomarkers for the selection of high-fertility boars and provide a theoretical basis for the use of protein biomarkers in the livestock breeding industry. SIGNIFICANCE: Our study identified differentially abundant proteins in the seminal plasma of high-reproductive-efficiency and low-reproductive-efficiency Landrace boars. These proteins may be used as biomarkers to screen out high-fertility boars. The study can provide not only a new method for improving the effects of artificial insemination and reproductive efficiency of boars but also an important reference for boar breeding. Meanwhile, because pigs and humans have similar physiological parameters and organ sizes, our findings can also serve as a reference for human reproduction research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanwen Zeng
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industryg, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuming Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industryg, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Kaiping Guangsanbao Pig Industry Co., Ltd, Jiangmen 529300, China
| | - Conghui Guo
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industryg, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Chengde Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industryg, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hengxi Wei
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industryg, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Li Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industryg, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Li Meng
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industryg, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shouquan Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industryg, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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18
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Zeng Y, Shinada K, Hano K, Sui L, Yang T, Li X, Himaki T. Effects of tris (2-carboxyethyl) phosphine hydrochloride treatment on porcine oocyte in vitro maturation and subsequent in vitro fertilized embryo developmental capacity. Theriogenology 2021; 162:32-41. [PMID: 33444914 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Oocyte in vitro maturation (IVM) is a crucial process that determines subsequent in vitro embryo production. The present study investigated the effects of the antioxidant tris (2-carboxyethyl) phosphine hydrochloride (TCEP-HCL) on the in vitro maturation of porcine oocytes and in vitro developmental competence of fertilized embryos. Oocytes were matured in IVM medium based on four concentration groups of TCEP-HCL (0, 50, 100, and 200 μM) treatment. 100 μM TCEP-HCL treatment significantly increased the oocyte first polar body extrusion rate, monospermy rate and subsequent in vitro fertilized embryo developmental capacity (cleavage rate, blastocyst formation rate, and blastocyst total cell number) compared to those in the control group. Furthermore, 100 μM TCEP-HCL treatment significantly reduced the levels of reactive oxygen species, significantly increased glutathione levels and mitochondrial content compared to those in the control group. Moreover, 100 μM TCEP-HCL treatment significantly decreased the oocyte apoptosis, blastocyst apoptosis compared to that in the controls. In summary, these results indicate that 100 μM TCEP-HCL treatment improves the quality and developmental capacity of in vitro-fertilized embryos by decreasing oxidative stress in porcine oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiren Zeng
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bio Resources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Kohei Shinada
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kazuki Hano
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Lumin Sui
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bio Resources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Ting Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bio Resources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Xiangping Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bio Resources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Takehiro Himaki
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan.
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19
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Elucidating the processes and pathways enriched in buffalo sperm proteome in regulating semen quality. Cell Tissue Res 2020; 383:881-903. [PMID: 33151454 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03303-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sperm carries a reservoir of proteins regulating the molecular functions to attain functional competence. Semen samples collected from buffalo bulls were assessed for sperm functional attributes (n = 11) and proteome profiling (n = 6). Sperm proteins were extracted and profiled by employing LC-MS/MS. Overall, the buffalo sperm contained 1365 proteins, of which 458 were common between the groups. The unique proteins were 477 and 430 in good and poor quality semen, respectively. In the whole proteome of buffalo sperm, sexual reproduction with phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein1 (PEBP1), fetuin-B (FETUB) and acrosin (ACR) was the most enriched (p = 8.44E-19) biological process, also with thermogenesis (p = 0.003), oocyte meiosis (p = 0.007) and vascular smooth muscle contraction (p = 0.009) apart from metabolic pathways. In good quality semen, mesenchyme migration (p = 1.24E-07) and morphogenesis (p = 0.001) were abundant biological processes. In good quality semen, the fluid shear stress (p = 0.01) and, in poor quality semen, valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation (p = 3.8E-05) pathways were enriched. In good quality semen, 7 proteins were significantly (p < 0.05) upregulated and 33 proteins were significantly (p < 0.05) downregulated. On validating the abundantly expressed sperm proteins, serine protease inhibitor Kazal-type 2-like (SPINK2; 2.17-fold) and neddylin (NEDD8; 1.13-fold) were upregulated and YBX2 was downregulated (0.41-fold) in good quality semen as compared with poor quality semen (1-fold). The present findings revealed the importance of sperm proteins in oocyte maturation, fertilization process and early embryonic development. The variations in the proteomic composition can be used as potential markers for the selection of breeding bulls.
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20
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Saint-Dizier M, Mahé C, Reynaud K, Tsikis G, Mermillod P, Druart X. Sperm interactions with the female reproductive tract: A key for successful fertilization in mammals. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 516:110956. [PMID: 32712384 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sperm migration through the female genital tract is not a quiet journey. Uterine contractions quickly operate a drastic selection, leading to a very restrictive number of sperm reaching the top of uterine horns and finally, provided the presence of key molecules on sperm, the oviduct, where fertilization takes place. During hours and sometimes days before fertilization, subpopulations of spermatozoa interact with dynamic and region-specific maternal components, including soluble proteins, extracellular vesicles and epithelial cells lining the lumen of the female tract. Interactions with uterine and oviductal cells play important roles for sperm survival as they modulate the maternal immune response and allow a transient storage before ovulation. The body of work reported here highlights the importance of sperm interactions with proteins originated from both the uterine and oviductal fluids, as well as hormonal signals around the time of ovulation for sperm acquisition of fertilizing competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Saint-Dizier
- INRAE, UMR PRC, 37380, Nouzilly, France; University of Tours, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, 37000, Tours, France.
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21
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García-Martínez S, Gadea J, Coy P, Romar R. Addition of exogenous proteins detected in oviductal secretions to in vitro culture medium does not improve the efficiency of in vitro fertilization in pigs. Theriogenology 2020; 157:490-497. [PMID: 32898824 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This work was designed to study whether HSP70-1A, HSP90α, ezrin or PDI4, proteins previously identified in porcine oviductal secretions, have a role in zona pellucida (ZP) resistance to enzymatic digestion, in vitro fertilization (IVF) and sperm viability. In vitro matured porcine cumulus oocyte complexes were denuded and i) incubated for 1 h in TALP medium supplemented or not with each exogenous oviductal protein and in presence or absence of heparin to assess ZP digestion time by pronase; and ii) inseminated with fresh ejaculated boar spermatozoa in medium supplemented or not with each exogenous oviductal protein to assess their effect on fertilization results. Finally, spermatozoa were incubated in Tyrode's medium (0, 1 and 20 h) supplemented or not with HSP-701A, HSP-90α or ezrin, to assess simultaneously sperm viability and acrosome status by means of flow cytometry. Although all proteins increased the ZP digestion time, this increase was lower than 1 min, being ezrin the protein with a stronger effect. Presence of heparin in the medium reinforced the ZP hardening effect of ezrin and HSP-701A up to one more min, but not HSP-90α nor PDI4. Sperm penetration, but not IVF efficiency, increased when gametes were cocultured in medium containing PDIA4 whereas sperm penetration and polyspermy rates decreased in presence of ezrin and HSP proteins. This reduction was not the result of a detrimental effect of proteins on sperm viability or acrosome reaction. In conclusion, addition of exogenous proteins detected in oviductal secretions to artificial media does not reproduce the effect of adding such secretions nor improve the final efficiency of the porcine IVF system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soledad García-Martínez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Murcia, Campus Mare Nostrum and IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Joaquín Gadea
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Murcia, Campus Mare Nostrum and IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pilar Coy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Murcia, Campus Mare Nostrum and IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Raquel Romar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Murcia, Campus Mare Nostrum and IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain.
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22
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Li F, Wang D, Song R, Cao C, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Li X, Huang J, Liu Q, Hou N, Xu B, Li X, Gao X, Jia Y, Zhao J, Wang Y. The asynchronous establishment of chromatin 3D architecture between in vitro fertilized and uniparental preimplantation pig embryos. Genome Biol 2020; 21:203. [PMID: 32778155 PMCID: PMC7418210 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-020-02095-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pigs are important animals for agricultural and biomedical research, and improvement is needed for use of the assisted reproductive technologies. Determining underlying mechanisms of epigenetic reprogramming in the early stage of preimplantation embryos derived from in vitro fertilization (IVF), parthenogenesis, and androgenesis will not only contribute to assisted reproductive technologies of pigs but also will shed light into early human development. However, the reprogramming of three-dimensional architecture of chromatin in this process in pigs is poorly understood. RESULTS We generate three-dimensional chromatin profiles for pig somatic cells, IVF, parthenogenesis, and androgenesis preimplantation embryos. We find that the chromosomes in the pig preimplantation embryos are enriched for superdomains, which are more rare in mice. However, p(s) curves, compartments, and topologically associated domains (TADs) are largely conserved in somatic cells and are gradually established during preimplantation embryogenesis in both mammals. In the uniparental pig embryos, the establishment of chromatin architecture is highly asynchronized at all levels from IVF embryos, and a remarkably strong decompartmentalization is observed during zygotic genome activation (ZGA). Finally, chromosomes originating from oocytes always establish TADs faster than chromosomes originating from sperm, both before and during ZGA. CONCLUSIONS Our data highlight a potential unique 3D chromatin pattern of enriched superdomains in pig preimplantation embryos, an unusual decompartmentalization process during ZGA in the uniparental embryos, and an asynchronized TAD reprogramming between maternal and paternal genomes, implying a severe dysregulation of ZGA in the uniparental embryos in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Danyang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Ruigao Song
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunwei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120 China
| | - Zhihua Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Jiaojiao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Naipeng Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Bingxiang Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Xiao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Xiaomeng Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Yan Jia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Jianguo Zhao
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfang Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
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Chen Y, Wang K, Zhang D, Zhao Z, Huang J, Zhou L, Feng M, Shi J, Wei H, Li L, Wu Z, Zhang S. GPx6 is involved in the in vitro induced capacitation and acrosome reaction in porcine sperm. Theriogenology 2020; 156:107-115. [PMID: 32698036 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione peroxidases (GPxs) are regarded as important protectors against oxidative stress. Some members of this protein family were reported to play key roles in protecting sperm against oxidative stress. Whether GPx6 a member of the GPx family also plays a role in protection against oxidative stress is not known to date. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the localization and function of glutathione peroxidase 6 (GPx6) in boar accessory sex glands, seminal plasma, and sperm, as well as the effect of GPx6 on vitality and capacitation in boar sperm. qPCR and Western blot analysis demonstrated the presence of GPx6 in testis, epididymis, bulbourethral glands, prostate, seminal vesicle, sperm and seminal plasma. Incubation of sperm with an GPx6 antibody had no significant effect on the viability of boar sperm prior to capacitation. Surprisingly, when capacitated sperm was incubated with the GPx6 antibody for 240 min, sperm vitality was significantly improved. Western blotting showed that in capacitated sperm without prior pretreatment, GPx6 protein content was reduced compared to sperm before capacitation. To further confirm a role for GPx6 in sperm capacitation, we tested sperm acrosome reaction by ACR.2 and FITC-PSA. The results showed that treatment of sperm with the GPx6 antibody significantly increased sperm capacitation and acrosome reaction. Furthermore, we examined the concentration of cAMP in sperm after capacitation. ELISA demonstrated that the cAMP concentration in the sperm exposed to the GPx6 antibody was significantly higher than that of the control group. In addition, the exposure of sperm to the GPx6 antibody significantly increased the concentration of H2O2, while the expression of SOD3 and CAT were decreased. Based on these observations we would like to postulate that in the boar reproductive tract the GPx6 protein becomes attached to the sperm head preventing the sperm to undergo premature capacitation by affecting components of the antioxidant pathway. How GPx6 expression following ejaculation becomes suppressed to allow sperm capacitation to take place needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Henry Fok College of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University.
| | - Kai Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Delong Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi City, 830052, China.
| | - Zhihong Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Jianhao Huang
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Lele Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Meiying Feng
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; College of Life Sciences, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, Guangdong, 526061, China.
| | - Junsong Shi
- Guangdong Wen's Breeding Swine Company, Yunfu, Guangdong, 527400, China.
| | - Hengxi Wei
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Li Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Zhenfang Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Shouquan Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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24
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Zigo M, Maňásková-Postlerová P, Zuidema D, Kerns K, Jonáková V, Tůmová L, Bubeníčková F, Sutovsky P. Porcine model for the study of sperm capacitation, fertilization and male fertility. Cell Tissue Res 2020; 380:237-262. [PMID: 32140927 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03181-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian fertilization remains a poorly understood event with the vast majority of studies done in the mouse model. The purpose of this review is to revise the current knowledge about semen deposition, sperm transport, sperm capacitation, gamete interactions and early embryonic development with a focus on the porcine model as a relevant, alternative model organism to humans. The review provides a thorough overview of post-ejaculation events inside the sow's reproductive tract including comparisons with humans and implications for human fertilization and assisted reproductive therapy (ART). Porcine methodology for sperm handling, preservation, in vitro capacitation, oocyte in vitro maturation, in vitro fertilization and intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection that are routinely used in pig research laboratories can be successfully translated into ART to treat human infertility. Last, but not least, new knowledge about mitochondrial inheritance in the pig can provide an insight into human mitochondrial diseases and new knowledge on polyspermy defense mechanisms could contribute to the development of new male contraceptives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Zigo
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Pavla Maňásková-Postlerová
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 25250, Vestec, Czech Republic.,Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, 16521, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dalen Zuidema
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Karl Kerns
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Věra Jonáková
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 25250, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Tůmová
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, 16521, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Filipa Bubeníčková
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, 16521, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Sutovsky
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Women's Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
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25
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Teplitz GM, Lorenzo MS, Maruri A, Cruzans PR, Carou MC, Lombardo DM. Coculture of porcine cumulus–oocyte complexes with porcine luteal cells during IVM: effect on oocyte maturation and embryo development. Reprod Fertil Dev 2020; 32:1250-1259. [DOI: 10.1071/rd20117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Coculture with somatic cells is an alternative to improve suboptimal invitro culture conditions. In pigs, IVF is related to poor male pronuclear formation and high rates of polyspermy. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a coculture system with porcine luteal cells (PLCs) on the IVM of porcine cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs). Abattoir-derived ovaries were used to obtain PLCs and COCs. COCs were matured invitro in TCM-199 with or without the addition of human menopausal gonadotrophin (hMG; C+hMG and C-hMG respectively), in coculture with PLCs from passage 1 (PLC-1) and in PLC-1 conditioned medium (CM). In the coculture system, nuclear maturation rates were significantly higher than in the C-hMG and CM groups, but similar to rates in the C+hMG group. In cumulus cells, PLC-1 coculture decreased viability, early apoptosis and necrosis, and increased late apoptosis compared with C+hMG. PLC-1 coculture also decreased reactive oxygen species levels in cumulus cells. After IVF, monospermic penetration and IVF efficiency increased in the PLC-1 group compared with the C+hMG group. After invitro culture, higher blastocysts rates were observed in the PLC-1 group. This is the first report of a coculture system of COCs with PLCs. Our model could be an alternative for the conventional maturation medium plus gonadotrophins because of its lower rates of polyspermic penetration and higher blastocysts rates, key issues in porcine invitro embryo production.
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26
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Zuidema D, Sutovsky P. The domestic pig as a model for the study of mitochondrial inheritance. Cell Tissue Res 2019; 380:263-271. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-019-03100-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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27
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Lucas CG, Chen PR, Seixas FK, Prather RS, Collares T. Applications of omics and nanotechnology to improve pig embryo production in vitro. Mol Reprod Dev 2019; 86:1531-1547. [PMID: 31478591 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
An appropriate environment to optimize porcine preimplantation embryo production in vitro is required as genetically modified pigs have become indispensable for biomedical research and agriculture. To provide suitable culture conditions, omics technologies have been applied to elucidate which metabolic substrates and pathways are involved during early developmental processes. Metabolomic profiling and transcriptional analysis comparing in vivo- and in vitro-derived embryos have demonstrated the important role of amino acids during preimplantation development. Transcriptional profiling studies have been helpful in assessing epigenetic reprogramming agents to allow for the correction of gene expression during the cloning process. Along with this, nanotechnology, which is a highly promising field, has allowed for the use of engineered nanoplatforms in reproductive biology. A growing number of studies have explored the use of nanoengineered materials for sorting, labeling, and targeting purposes; which demonstrates their potential to become one of the solutions for precise delivery of molecules into gametes and embryos. Considering the contributions of omics and the recent progress in nanoscience, in this review, we focused on their emerging applications for current in vitro pig embryo production systems to optimize the generation of genetically modified animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline G Lucas
- Division of Animal Science, National Swine Resource and Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Paula R Chen
- Division of Animal Science, National Swine Resource and Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Fabiana K Seixas
- Cancer Biotechnology Laboratory, Research Group on Cellular and Molecular Oncology, Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Technology Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Randall S Prather
- Division of Animal Science, National Swine Resource and Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Tiago Collares
- Cancer Biotechnology Laboratory, Research Group on Cellular and Molecular Oncology, Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Technology Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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28
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Romar R, Cánovas S, Matás C, Gadea J, Coy P. Pig in vitro fertilization: Where are we and where do we go? Theriogenology 2019; 137:113-121. [PMID: 31182223 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The pig is an important livestock animal. Biotechnological interest in this species has increased due to its use, among others, in the generation of transgenic animals for use in biomedicine based on its greater physiological proximity to the human species than other large domestic animals. This development has paralleled an improvement in Assisted Reproduction Techniques (ART) used for this species. However, the ability to generate animals from embryos produced entirely in vitro is still limited and a wide margin for improvement remains. Here we review the procedures, additives, and devices used during pig in vitro fertilization (IVF), focusing on the main points of each step that have offered the best results in terms of increased efficiency of the system. The lack of standardized protocols and consensus on the parameters to be assessed makes it difficult to compare results across different studies, but some conclusions are drawn from the literature. We anticipate that new physiological protocols will advance the field of swine IVF, including induction of prefertilization ZP hardening with oviductal fluid, sperm preparation by swim-up method, increased viscosity through the addition of inert molecules or reproductive biofluids, and the incorporation of 3D devices. Here we also reflect on the need to expand the variables on which the efficiency of pig IVF is based, providing new parameters that should be considered to supply more objective and quantitative assessment of IVF additives and protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Romar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Murcia, Campus Mare Nostrum, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Sebastián Cánovas
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Murcia, Campus Mare Nostrum, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Carmen Matás
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Murcia, Campus Mare Nostrum, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Joaquín Gadea
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Murcia, Campus Mare Nostrum, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pilar Coy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Murcia, Campus Mare Nostrum, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
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29
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Genes Encoding Mammalian Oviductal Proteins Involved in Fertilization are Subjected to Gene Death and Positive Selection. J Mol Evol 2018; 86:655-667. [PMID: 30456442 PMCID: PMC6267676 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-018-9878-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Oviductal proteins play an important role in mammalian fertilization, as proteins from seminal fluid. However, in contrast with the latter, their phylogenetic evolution has been poorly studied. Our objective was to study in 16 mammals the evolution of 16 genes that encode oviductal proteins involved in at least one of the following steps: (1) sperm–oviduct interaction, (2) acrosome reaction, and/or (3) sperm–zona pellucida interaction. Most genes were present in all studied mammals. However, some genes were lost along the evolution of mammals and found as pseudogenes: annexin A5 (ANXA5) and deleted in malignant brain tumor 1 (DMBT1) in tarsier; oviductin (OVGP1) in megabat; and probably progestagen-associated endometrial protein (PAEP) in tarsier, mouse, rat, rabbit, dolphin, and megabat; prostaglandin D2 synthase (PTGDS) in microbat; and plasminogen (PLG) in megabat. Four genes [ANXA1, ANXA4, ANXA5, and heat shock 70 kDa protein 5 (HSPA5)] showed branch-site positive selection, whereas for seven genes [ANXA2, lactotransferrin (LTF), OVGP1, PLG, S100 calcium-binding protein A11 (S100A11), Sperm adhesion molecule 1 (SPAM1), and osteopontin (SPP1)] branch-site model and model-site positive selection were observed. These results strongly suggest that genes encoding oviductal proteins that are known to be important for gamete fertilization are subjected to positive selection during evolution, as numerous genes encoding proteins from mammalian seminal fluid. This suggests that such a rapid evolution may have as a consequence that two isolated populations become separate species more rapidly.
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30
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Proteomic landscape of seminal plasma associated with dairy bull fertility. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16323. [PMID: 30397208 PMCID: PMC6218504 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34152-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Male fertility is the ability of sperm to fertilize the egg and sustain embryo development. Several factors determine the fertilizing capacity of mammalian sperm, including those intrinsic to sperm and components of the seminal plasma. The present study analyzed the seminal fluid proteome of Bos taurus and potential associations between proteins and fertility scores. Mass spectrometry coupled with nano HPLC allowed the identification of 1,159 proteins in the dairy bull seminal plasma. There were 50 and 29 seminal proteins more abundant in high (HF) low fertility (LF) bulls, respectively. Based on multivariate analysis, C-type natriuretic peptide, TIMP-2, BSP5 and sulfhydryl oxidase indicated relationship with HF bulls. Clusterin, tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2, galectin-3-binding protein and 5′-nucleotidase were associated with LF bulls. Abundance of NAD(P)(+)-arginine ADP-ribosyltransferase, prosaposin and transmembrane protein 2 proteins had the highest positive correlations with fertility ranking. Quantities of vitamin D-binding protein, nucleotide exchange factor SIL1 and galectin-3-binding protein showed the highest negative correlations with fertility ranking. A fertility ranking score was calculated and the relationship with these proteins was significant (Spearman’s rho = 0.94). The present findings represent a major and novel contribution to the study of bovine seminal proteins. Indicators of fertility can be used to improve reproductive biotechnologies.
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31
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Profiling of proteins secreted in the bovine oviduct reveals diverse functions of this luminal microenvironment. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188105. [PMID: 29155854 PMCID: PMC5695823 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The oviductal microenvironment is a site for key events that involve gamete maturation, fertilization and early embryo development. Secretions into the oviductal lumen by either the lining epithelium or by transudation of plasma constituents are known to contain elements conducive for reproductive success. Although previous studies have identified some of these factors involved in reproduction, knowledge of secreted proteins in the oviductal fluid remains rudimentary with limited definition of function even in extensively studied species like cattle. In this study, we used a shotgun proteomics approach followed by bioinformatics sequence prediction to identify secreted proteins present in the bovine oviductal fluid (ex vivo) and secretions from the bovine oviductal epithelial cells (in vitro). From a total of 2087 proteins identified, 266 proteins could be classified as secreted, 109 (41%) of which were common for both in vivo and in vitro conditions. Pathway analysis indicated different classes of proteins that included growth factors, metabolic regulators, immune modulators, enzymes, and extracellular matrix components. Functional analysis revealed mechanisms in the oviductal lumen linked to immune homeostasis, gamete maturation, fertilization and early embryo development. These results point to several novel components that work together with known elements mediating functional homeostasis, and highlight the diversity of machinery associated with oviductal physiology and early events in cattle fertility.
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32
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Menezes TP, de Castro MM, do Vale JA, Moura AAA, Lessa G, Machado-Neves M. Proteomes and morphological features of Calomys tener and Necromys lasiurus (Cricetidae, Sigmodontinae) epididymides. J Mammal 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyw201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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33
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Kumar P, Saini M, Kumar D, Bharadwaj A, Yadav PS. Estimation of endogenous levels of osteopontin, total antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde in seminal plasma: Application for fertility assessment in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis
) bulls. Reprod Domest Anim 2016; 52:221-226. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P Kumar
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction; ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes; Hisar Haryana India
| | - M Saini
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction; ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes; Hisar Haryana India
| | - D Kumar
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction; ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes; Hisar Haryana India
| | - A Bharadwaj
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction; ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes; Hisar Haryana India
| | - PS Yadav
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction; ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes; Hisar Haryana India
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Huang J, Zhang H, Yao J, Qin G, Wang F, Wang X, Luo A, Zheng Q, Cao C, Zhao J. BIX-01294 increases pig cloning efficiency by improving epigenetic reprogramming of somatic cell nuclei. Reproduction 2016; 151:39-49. [PMID: 26604326 DOI: 10.1530/rep-15-0460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that faulty epigenetic reprogramming leads to the abnormal development of cloned embryos and results in the low success rates observed in all mammals produced through somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). The aberrant methylation status of H3K9me and H3K9me2 has been reported in cloned mouse embryos. To explore the role of H3K9me2 and H3K9me in the porcine somatic cell nuclear reprogramming, BIX-01294, known as a specific inhibitor of G9A (histone-lysine methyltransferase of H3K9), was used to treat the nuclear-transferred (NT) oocytes for 14-16 h after activation. The results showed that the developmental competence of porcine SCNT embryos was significantly enhanced both in vitro (blastocyst rate 16.4% vs 23.2%, P<0.05) and in vivo (cloning rate 1.59% vs 2.96%) after 50 nm BIX-01294 treatment. BIX-01294 treatment significantly decreased the levels of H3K9me2 and H3K9me at the 2- and 4-cell stages, which are associated with embryo genetic activation, and increased the transcriptional expression of the pluripotency genes SOX2, NANOG and OCT4 in cloned blastocysts. Furthermore, the histone acetylation levels of H3K9, H4K8 and H4K12 in cloned embryos were decreased after BIX-01294 treatment. However, co-treatment of activated NT oocytes with BIX-01294 and Scriptaid rescued donor nuclear chromatin from decreased histone acetylation of H4K8 that resulted from exposure to BIX-01294 only and consequently improved the preimplantation development of SCNT embryos (blastocyst formation rates of 23.7% vs 21.5%). These results indicated that treatment with BIX-01294 enhanced the developmental competence of porcine SCNT embryos through improvements in epigenetic reprogramming and gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049, ChinaCollege of Life SciencesCapital Normal University, 105 Xisanhuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049, ChinaCollege of Life SciencesCapital Normal University, 105 Xisanhuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Hongyong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049, ChinaCollege of Life SciencesCapital Normal University, 105 Xisanhuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049, ChinaCollege of Life SciencesCapital Normal University, 105 Xisanhuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jing Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049, ChinaCollege of Life SciencesCapital Normal University, 105 Xisanhuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Guosong Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049, ChinaCollege of Life SciencesCapital Normal University, 105 Xisanhuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049, ChinaCollege of Life SciencesCapital Normal University, 105 Xisanhuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xianlong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049, ChinaCollege of Life SciencesCapital Normal University, 105 Xisanhuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Ailing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049, ChinaCollege of Life SciencesCapital Normal University, 105 Xisanhuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Qiantao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049, ChinaCollege of Life SciencesCapital Normal University, 105 Xisanhuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049, ChinaCollege of Life SciencesCapital Normal University, 105 Xisanhuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Chunwei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049, ChinaCollege of Life SciencesCapital Normal University, 105 Xisanhuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049, ChinaCollege of Life SciencesCapital Normal University, 105 Xisanhuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jianguo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049, ChinaCollege of Life SciencesCapital Normal University, 105 Xisanhuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
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The Role of Oviductal Cells in Activating Stallion Spermatozoa. J Equine Vet Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Funahashi H. Methods for Improving In Vitro and In Vivo Boar Sperm Fertility. Reprod Domest Anim 2016; 50 Suppl 2:40-7. [PMID: 26174918 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fertility of boar spermatozoa is changed after ejaculation in vivo and in vitro. During processing for in vitro fertilization (IVF), although spermatozoa are induced capacitation, resulting in a high penetration rate, persistent obstacle of polyspermic penetration is still observed with a high incidence. For artificial insemination (AI), we still need a large number of spermatozoa and lose a majority of those in the female reproductive tract. Fertility of cryopreserved boar spermatozoa is still injured through freezing and thawing process. In the present brief review, factors affecting fertility of boar sperm during IVF, AI and cryopreservation are discussed in the context of discovering methodologies to improve it.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Funahashi
- Department of Animal Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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Kuo YW, Li SH, Maeda KI, Gadella BM, Tsai PSJ. Roles of the reproductive tract in modifications of the sperm membrane surface. J Reprod Dev 2016; 62:337-43. [PMID: 27009019 PMCID: PMC5004788 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2016-028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Successful fertilization requires viable and
functional spermatozoa to recognize and fuse with
the oocyte. In most mammalian species, mature
spermatozoa are not capable of fertilizing the
oocytes immediately after ejaculation. However,
unlike somatic cells, spermatozoa, after leaving
the testis, are transcriptionally and
translationally silent; therefore, upon completion
of spermiogenesis, spermatozoa carry only a
minimal amount of essential proteins on their
membranes as well as within their restricted
volume of cytoplasm. To develop into a fully
functional and competent sperm that is capable of
successful fertilization, modifications of the
sperm membrane surface during its transit in the
reproductive tracts is critical. These
post-spermatogenesis modifications advance the
maturation of epididymal spermatozoa. In addition,
components secreted into the lumen of the
reproductive tracts that are later added onto the
sperm membrane surface also regulate (inhibit or
activate) the functions of the spermatozoa. This
acquisition of additional proteins from the
reproductive tracts may compensate for the
inactivity of morphologically mature spermatozoa.
In this review, we discuss the contributions of
the male and female genital tracts to
modifications of the sperm membrane surface at
different stages of fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wen Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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38
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Miwa N. Dicalcin, a zona pellucida protein that regulates fertilization competence of the egg coat in Xenopus laevis. J Physiol Sci 2015; 65:507-14. [PMID: 26420688 PMCID: PMC10717281 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-015-0402-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fertilization is a highly coordinated process whereby sperm interact with the egg-coating envelope (called the zona pellucida, ZP) in a taxon-restricted manner, Fertilization triggers the resumption of the cell cycle of the egg, ultimately leading to generation of a new organism that contains hereditary information of the parents. The complete sperm-ZP interaction comprises sperm recognition of the ZP, the acrosome reaction, penetration of the ZP, and fusion with the egg. Recent evidence suggests that these processes involve oligosaccharides associated with a ZP constituent (termed ZP protein), the polypeptide backbone of a ZP protein, and/or the proper three-dimensional filamentous structure of the ZP. However, a detailed description of the molecular mechanisms involved in sperm-ZP interaction remains elusive. Recently, I found that dicalcin, a novel ZP protein-associated protein, suppresses fertilization through its association with gp41, the frog counterpart of the mammalian ZPC protein. This review focuses on molecular aspects of sperm-ZP interaction and describes the fertilization-suppressive function of dicalcin and associated molecular mechanisms. The amount of dicalcin in the ZP significantly correlates with alteration of the lectin-staining pattern within the ZP and the orientation pattern of ZP filaments, which may assist in elucidating the complex molecular mechanisms that underlie sperm-ZP interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naofumi Miwa
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan.
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Karunakaran M, Ratnakaran U, Naik PK, Chakurkar EB. Electrophoretic profile of boar seminal proteins. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2015.1091345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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40
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Casillas F, Ducolomb Y, Lemus AE, Cuello C, Betancourt M. Porcine embryo production following in vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection from vitrified immature oocytes matured with a granulosa cell co-culture system. Cryobiology 2015; 71:299-305. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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41
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Coy P, Yanagimachi R. The Common and Species-Specific Roles of Oviductal Proteins in Mammalian Fertilization and Embryo Development. Bioscience 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biv119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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42
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Schmaltz-Panneau B, Locatelli Y, Uzbekova S, Perreau C, Mermillod P. Bovine Oviduct Epithelial Cells Dedifferentiate Partly in Culture, While Maintaining their Ability to Improve Early Embryo Development Rate and Quality. Reprod Domest Anim 2015; 50:719-29. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B Schmaltz-Panneau
- UMR7247; Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements; INRA; Nouzilly France
| | - Y Locatelli
- UMR7247; Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements; INRA; Nouzilly France
- Parc de la Haute Touche; Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle; Obterre France
| | - S Uzbekova
- UMR7247; Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements; INRA; Nouzilly France
| | - C Perreau
- UMR7247; Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements; INRA; Nouzilly France
| | - P Mermillod
- UMR7247; Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements; INRA; Nouzilly France
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López-Úbeda R, García-Vázquez FA, Romar R, Gadea J, Muñoz M, Hunter RHF, Coy P. Oviductal Transcriptome Is Modified after Insemination during Spontaneous Ovulation in the Sow. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130128. [PMID: 26098421 PMCID: PMC4476686 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene Expression Microarray technology was used to compare oviduct transcriptome between inseminated and non-inseminated pigs during spontaneous oestrus. We used an in vivo model approaching the study from a physiological point of view in which no hormonal treatment (animals were in natural oestrus) and no artificial sperm selection (selection was performed within the female genital) were imposed. It is therefore emphasised that no surgical introduction of spermatozoa and no insemination at a site other than the physiological one were used. This approach revealed 17 genes that were two-fold or more up-regulated in oviducts exposed to spermatozoa and/or developing embryos and 9 genes that were two-fold or more down-regulated. Functional analysis of the genes revealed that the top canonical pathways affected by insemination were related to the inflammatory response and immune system (Network 1) to molecular transport, protein trafficking and developmental disorder (Network 2) and to cell-to-cell signalling and interaction (Network 3). Some of the genes in network 1 had been previously detected in the oviduct of human and animals, where they were over-expressed in the presence of spermatozoa or pre-implantation embryos (C3, IGHG1, ITIH4, TNF and SERPINE1) whereas others were not previously reported (SAA2, ALOX12, CD1D and SPP1). Genes in Network 2 included RAB1B and TOR3A, the latter being described for the first time in the oviduct and clearly expressed in the epithelial cells of the mucosa layer. Network 3 integrated the genes with the highest down-regulation level (CYP51, PTH1R and TMOD3). Data in the present study indicate a change in gene expression during gamete encounter at the site of fertilization after a natural sperm selection within the female genital tract. These changes would indicate a modification of the environment preparing the oviduct for a successful fertilization and for an adequate embryo early development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca López-Úbeda
- Department of Physiology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research (Campus Mare Nostrum), Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco A. García-Vázquez
- Department of Physiology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research (Campus Mare Nostrum), Murcia, Spain
- IMIB-Arrixaca (Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia), Murcia, Spain
| | - Raquel Romar
- Department of Physiology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research (Campus Mare Nostrum), Murcia, Spain
- IMIB-Arrixaca (Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia), Murcia, Spain
| | - Joaquín Gadea
- Department of Physiology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research (Campus Mare Nostrum), Murcia, Spain
- IMIB-Arrixaca (Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia), Murcia, Spain
| | - Marta Muñoz
- Centro de Biotecnología Animal—SERIDA, Deva, Gijón, Asturias, Spain
| | | | - Pilar Coy
- Department of Physiology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research (Campus Mare Nostrum), Murcia, Spain
- IMIB-Arrixaca (Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia), Murcia, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Protein-Carbohydrate Interaction between Sperm and the Egg-Coating Envelope and Its Regulation by Dicalcin, a Xenopus laevis Zona Pellucida Protein-Associated Protein. Molecules 2015; 20:9468-86. [PMID: 26007194 PMCID: PMC6272592 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20059468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein-carbohydrate interaction regulates multiple important processes during fertilization, an essential biological event where individual gametes undergo intercellular recognition to fuse and generate a zygote. In the mammalian female reproductive tract, sperm temporarily adhere to the oviductal epithelium via the complementary interaction between carbohydrate-binding proteins on the sperm membrane and carbohydrates on the oviductal cells. After detachment from the oviductal epithelium at the appropriate time point following ovulation, sperm migrate and occasionally bind to the extracellular matrix, called the zona pellucida (ZP), which surrounds the egg, thereafter undergoing the exocytotic acrosomal reaction to penetrate the envelope and to reach the egg plasma membrane. This sperm-ZP interaction also involves the direct interaction between sperm carbohydrate-binding proteins and carbohydrates within the ZP, most of which have been conserved across divergent species from mammals to amphibians and echinoderms. This review focuses on the carbohydrate-mediated interaction of sperm with the female reproductive tract, mainly the interaction between sperm and the ZP, and introduces the fertilization-suppressive action of dicalcin, a Xenopus laevis ZP protein-associated protein. The action of dicalcin correlates significantly with a dicalcin-dependent change in the lectin-staining pattern within the ZP, suggesting a unique role of dicalcin as an inherent protein that is capable of regulating the affinity between the lectin and oligosaccharides attached on its target glycoprotein.
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45
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Seminal plasma and serum fertility biomarkers in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius). Theriogenology 2015; 83:650-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Zasiadczyk L, Fraser L, Kordan W, Wasilewska K. Individual and seasonal variations in the quality of fractionated boar ejaculates. Theriogenology 2015; 83:1287-303. [PMID: 25724288 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Reproductive seasonality has been shown to affect the quality of boar semen. In this study, effects of seasonal variations in the characteristics of spermatozoa and seminal plasma (SP) of fractioned ejaculates from individual boars have been investigated. Fractionated ejaculates, designated as fraction 1 (F1), fraction 2 (F2), and fraction 3 (F3), were collected from five mature boars during the autumn-winter (October through March) and spring-summer periods (April through September). A total of 10 fractionated ejaculates (F1, F2, and F3) were collected from each boar within each seasonal period. Assessments of the sperm quality characteristics included computer-assisted sperm analysis motion patterns, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), plasma membrane integrity, normal apical ridge acrosomes, and DNA fragmentation. Besides SDS-PAGE and densitometric analyses of the SP proteins, the antiperoxidant activity was monitored. There were marked differences in the sperm quality characteristics among the boars, except for sperm MMP. Distinct seasonal differences (P < 0.05) were observed in the ejaculate volume of F3 during the autumn-winter and spring-summer periods (107.78 ± 5.45 and 87.80 ± 4.75 mL, respectively). Significantly higher (P < 0.05) sperm concentration and the total number of spermatozoa in the fraction were observed during the autumn-winter period. Seasonal effects in MMP and plasma membrane integrity were manifested in significantly higher (P < 0.05) percentages of spermatozoa with functional mitochondria and intact plasma membrane during the autumn-winter period. However, the seasonal effects were less marked in either sperm normal apical ridge acrosomes or sperm DNA fragmentation. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-PAGE and densitometric analyses revealed marked variations in the protein composition of the SP profiles among the boars, regardless of the ejaculate fraction and seasonal period. Distinct seasonal variations, observed in the SDS-PAGE profiles, were associated with an abundance of protein fractions of low-molecular and high-molecular weight components, particularly during the autumn-winter period. There were wide variations in antiperoxidant activity in the SP among the boars, being significantly higher in the autumn-winter period, irrespective of the ejaculate fraction. It can be suggested that marked deterioration of the quality of fractionated ejaculates during the spring-summer period was probably caused by impaired reproductive function in the boar.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zasiadczyk
- Department of Animal Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - L Fraser
- Department of Animal Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - W Kordan
- Department of Animal Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - K Wasilewska
- Department of Animal Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
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Zhang JY, Jiang Y, Lin T, Kang JW, Lee JE, Jin DI. Lysophosphatidic acid improves porcine oocyte maturation and embryo development in vitro. Mol Reprod Dev 2015; 82:66-77. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yu Zhang
- Department of Animal Science & Biotechnology; Research Center for Transgenic Cloned Pigs; Chungnam National University; Daejeon Korea
| | - Yong Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Medical University of South Carolina; Charleston South Carolina
| | - Tao Lin
- Department of Animal Science & Biotechnology; Research Center for Transgenic Cloned Pigs; Chungnam National University; Daejeon Korea
| | - Jung Won Kang
- Department of Animal Science & Biotechnology; Research Center for Transgenic Cloned Pigs; Chungnam National University; Daejeon Korea
| | - Jae Eun Lee
- Department of Animal Science & Biotechnology; Research Center for Transgenic Cloned Pigs; Chungnam National University; Daejeon Korea
| | - Dong Il Jin
- Department of Animal Science & Biotechnology; Research Center for Transgenic Cloned Pigs; Chungnam National University; Daejeon Korea
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48
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Abstract
Experimental evidence from the last 30 years supports the fact that the oviduct is involved in the modulation of the reproductive process in eutherian mammals. Oviductal secretion contains molecules that contribute to regulation of gamete function, gamete interaction, and the early stages of embryo development. The oviductal environment would act as a sperm reservoir, maintaining sperm viability, and modulating the subpopulation of spermatozoa that initiates the capacitation process. It could also contribute to prevent the premature acrosome reaction and to reduce polyspermy. Many studies have reported the beneficial effects of the oviductal environment on fertilization and on the first stages of embryo development. Some oviductal factors have been identified in different mammalian species. The effects of oviductal secretion on the reproductive process could be thought to result from the dynamic combined action (inhibitory or stimulatory) of multiple factors present in the oviductal lumen at different stages of the ovulatory cycle and in the presence of gametes or embryos. It could be hypothesized that the absence of a given molecule would not affect fertility as its action could be compensated by another factor with similar functions. However, any alteration in this balance could affect certain events of the reproductive process and could perhaps impair fertility. Thus, the complexity of the reproductive process warrants a continuous research effort to unveil the mechanisms and factors behind its regulation in the oviductal microenvironment.
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Osteopontin is expressed in the oviduct and promotes fertilization and preimplantation embryo development of mouse. ZYGOTE 2014; 23:622-30. [DOI: 10.1017/s0967199414000483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SummaryOsteopontin (OPN) is a multifunctional phosphoprotein that is detected in various tissues, including male and female reproductive tracts. In this study, we evaluated OPN expression in mouse oviducts during the estrus cycle, and at days 1–5 of pregnancy and pseudopregnancy by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry. The mice oocytes, sperm and embryos were treated with different concentrations of anti-OPN antibody in vitro to detect the function of OPN in fertilization and preimplantation embryo development. OPN mRNA and protein expression in mouse oviducts were cyclic dependent throughout the estrous cycle, which was highest at estrous and lowest at diestrous. Such a phenomenon was consistent with the change in estrogen level in mice. The expression levels of OPN in mice oviduct of normal pregnancy and pseudopregnancy were significantly different, which indicated that OPN expression in mouse oviducts was depend on estrogen and preimplantation embryo. Furthermore, anti-OPN antibody treatment could reduce the rates of fertilization, cleavage and blastocyst formation in vitro in a dose-dependent way. Overall, our results indicated that the expression of OPN in mouse oviducts during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy is likely regulated by estrogen and the embryo, and OPN may play a vital role in oocyte fertilization and preimplantation embryo development.
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Grupen CG. The evolution of porcine embryo in vitro production. Theriogenology 2014; 81:24-37. [PMID: 24274407 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro production of porcine embryos has presented numerous challenges to researchers over the past four decades. Some of the problems encountered were specific to porcine gametes and embryos and needed the concerted efforts of many to overcome. Gradually, porcine embryo in vitro production systems became more reliable and acceptable rates of blastocyst formation were achieved. Despite the significant improvements, the problem of polyspermic fertilization has still not been adequately resolved and the embryo in vitro culture conditions are still considered to be suboptimal. Whereas early studies focused on increasing our understanding of the reproductive processes involved, the technology evolved to the point where in vitro-matured oocytes and in vitro-produced embryos could be used as research material for developing associated reproductive technologies, such as SCNT and embryo cryopreservation. Today, the in vitro procedures used to mature oocytes and culture embryos are integral to the production of transgenic pigs by SCNT. This review discusses the major achievements, advances, and knowledge gained from porcine embryo in vitro production studies and highlights the future research perspectives of this important technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G Grupen
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, New South Wales, Australia.
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