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Imai H, Tsuda S, Iwamori T, Kano K, Kusakabe KT, Ono E. Establishment of a novel method for the production of chimeric mouse embryos using water-in-oil droplets. Exp Anim 2020; 70:84-90. [PMID: 32999214 PMCID: PMC7887616 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.20-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Production of chimeric animals is often a necessity for the generation of genetically
modified animals and has gained popularity in recent years in regenerative medicine for
the reconstruction of xenogeneic organs. Aggregation and injection methods are generally
used to produce chimeric mice. In the aggregation method, the chimeras are produced by
co-culturing embryos and stem cells, and keeping them physically adhered, although it may
not be an assured method for producing chimeric embryos. In the injection method, the
chimeras are produced by injecting stem cells into the zona pellucida using
microcapillaries; however, this technique requires a high degree of skill. This study
aimed to establish a novel method for producing chimeric embryos via water-in-oil droplets
that differs from conventional methods. In this study, embryonic stem cells and embryos
were successfully isolated in the droplets, and the emergence of chimeric embryos was
confirmed by co-culture for 6 h. Using this method, the control and operability of stem
cell numbers could be regulated, and reproducibility and quantification were improved
during the production of chimeric embryos. In addition to the conventional methods for
producing chimeric embryos, the novel method described here could be employed for the
efficient production of chimeric animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Imai
- Department of Biomedicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.,Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Soichiro Tsuda
- On-chip Biotechnologies Co., Ltd., 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-0012, Japan
| | - Tokuko Iwamori
- Department of Biomedicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.,Laboratory of Zoology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Kano
- Laboratory of Veterinary Developmental Biology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Ken Takeshi Kusakabe
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Etsuro Ono
- Department of Biomedicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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2
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Bao S, Tang WW, Wu B, Kim S, Li J, Li L, Kobayashi T, Lee C, Chen Y, Wei M, Li S, Dietmann S, Tang F, Li X, Surani MA. Derivation of hypermethylated pluripotent embryonic stem cells with high potency. Cell Res 2017; 28:22-34. [PMID: 29076502 PMCID: PMC5752839 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2017.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Naive hypomethylated embryonic pluripotent stem cells (ESCs) are developmentally closest to the preimplantation epiblast of blastocysts, with the potential to contribute to all embryonic tissues and the germline, excepting the extra-embryonic tissues in chimeric embryos. By contrast, epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs) resembling postimplantation epiblast are relatively more methylated and show a limited potential for chimerism. Here, for the first time, we reveal advanced pluripotent stem cells (ASCs), which are developmentally beyond the pluripotent cells in the inner cell mass but with higher potency than EpiSCs. Accordingly, a single ASC contributes very efficiently to the fetus, germline, yolk sac and the placental labyrinth in chimeras. Since they are developmentally more advanced, ASCs do not contribute to the trophoblast. ASCs were derived from blastocysts in two steps in a chemically defined medium supplemented with Activin A and basic fibroblast growth factor, followed by culturing in ABCL medium containing ActA, BMP4, CHIR99021 and leukemia inhibitory factor. Notably, ASCs exhibit a distinct transcriptome with the expression of both naive pluripotency genes, as well as mesodermal somatic genes; Eomes, Eras, Tdgf1, Evx1, hand1, Wnt5a and distinct repetitive elements. Conversion of established ESCs to ASCs is also achievable. Importantly, ASCs exhibit a stable hypermethylated epigenome and mostly intact imprints as compared to the hypomethylated inner cell mass of blastocysts and naive ESCs. Properties of ASCs suggest that they represent cells at an intermediate cellular state between the naive and primed states of pluripotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqin Bao
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China.,Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Walfred Wc Tang
- Wellcome Trust Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, Tennis Court Road, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Baojiang Wu
- Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Shinseog Kim
- Wellcome Trust Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, Tennis Court Road, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK.,Current address: Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44689, Republic of Korea
| | - Jingyun Li
- BIOPIC, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lin Li
- BIOPIC, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Toshihiro Kobayashi
- Wellcome Trust Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, Tennis Court Road, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Caroline Lee
- Wellcome Trust Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, Tennis Court Road, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Yanglin Chen
- Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Mengyi Wei
- Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Shudong Li
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Sabine Dietmann
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Tennis Court Road, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Fuchou Tang
- BIOPIC, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xihe Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China.,Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China.,Inner Mongolia Saikexing Institute of Breeding and Reproductive Biotechnology in Domestic Animal, Hohhot 011517, China
| | - M Azim Surani
- Wellcome Trust Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, Tennis Court Road, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
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3
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Park CH, Jeong YH, Lee DK, Hwang JY, Uh KJ, Yeom SC, Ahn C, Lee CK. Availability of empty zona pellucida for generating embryonic chimeras. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123178. [PMID: 25919298 PMCID: PMC4412630 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study we used an empty zona pellucida derived from hatched blastocysts as an alternative source for embryo aggregation and compared results with the conventional microwell method. Denuded 4-cell stage porcine embryos were aggregated by introduction into an empty zona or placement within a concave microwell. The present study showed that although the rate of aggregate formation was similar, the blastocyst rates and allocation of more cells to the inner cell mass (ICM) in the resultant aggregates were increased significantly more in the empty zona than in the microwell. Notably, using an empty zona showed no limitations with regards to the increased number of embryos aggregated or embryonic stages for aggregation, while partial or no aggregation frequently occurred in the microwell. The discrepancy may be due to the difference of microenvironments where the embryos were placed namely, the presence/absence of zona pellucida. We hypothesize the success of the empty zona in generating aggregates is due to the physical aggregation of individual embryos allowing closer contact between the blastomeres and/or embryos compared with a concave microwell. These results indicate that aggregation conditions could influence overall production efficiency and developmental potential of aggregates, suggesting physical restraint via empty zona that provide three-dimensional pressures is an important factor for successful embryo aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hun Park
- Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeong Chang, Kangwon do, Korea
| | - Young-Hee Jeong
- College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Dong-Kyung Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Yeon Hwang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Jun Uh
- Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeong Chang, Kangwon do, Korea
| | - Su-Cheong Yeom
- Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeong Chang, Kangwon do, Korea
- International Agriculture Technology Graduate School, Seoul National University, Pyeong Chang, Kangwon do, Korea
| | - Curie Ahn
- Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeong Chang, Kangwon do, Korea
- Division of Nephrology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Kyu Lee
- Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeong Chang, Kangwon do, Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Production of the germline-competent chimeras using genetically modified ES cell lines is an essential step in the establishment of novel mouse models. In addition chimeras provide a powerful tool to study the cell lineage and to analyze complex phenotypes of mutant mice. Mouse chimeras with tetraploid embryos are used to rescue extraembryonic defects, to analyze an impact of gene function on specific lineage, to study the interaction between embryonic and extraembryonic tissues, and to produce mutant embryos and mice for the phenotype analysis. Tetraploid embryos are generated by the fusion of two blastomeres of the mouse embryo. The applications of tetraploid complementation assay and the protocol are described below.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Gertsenstein
- Toronto Centre for Phenogenomics (TCP), Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 25 Orde, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5T 3H7,
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5
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Sim BW, Min KS. Production of cloned mice by aggregation of tetraploid embryo. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2014.948488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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6
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Lin CJ, Amano T, Tang Y, Tian X. Improved derivation efficiency and pluripotency of stem cells from the refractory inbred C57BL/6 mouse strain by small molecules. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106916. [PMID: 25211343 PMCID: PMC4161378 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of small molecules to maintain self-renewal and to inhibit differentiation of pluripotent stem cells has been well-demonstrated. Two widely used molecules are PD 98059 (PD), an inhibitor of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK), and SC1 (Pluripotin), which inhibits the RasGAP and ERK pathways. However, no studies have been conducted to compare their effects on the pluripotency and derivation of embryonic stem (ES) cells from inbred mice C57BL/6, an important mouse strain frequently used to model behavior, cognitive functions, immune system, and metabolic disorders in humans and also the first mouse strain chosen to be sequenced for its entire genome. We found significantly increased derivation efficiency of ES cells from in vivo fertilized embryos (fES) of C57BL/6 with the use of PD (71.4% over the control of 35.3%). Because fES and ES from cloned embryos (ntES) are not distinguishable in transcription or translation profiles, we used ntES cells to compare the effect of small molecules on their in vitro characteristics, in vitro differentiation ability, and the ability to generate full-term ntES-4N pups by tetraploid complementation. NtES cells exhibited typical ES characteristics and up-regulated Sox2 expression in media with either small-molecule. Higher rates of full term ntES-4N pup were generated by the supplementation of PD or SC1. We obtained the highest efficiency of ntES-4N pup generation ever reported from this strain by supplementing ES medium with SC1. Lastly, we compared the pluripotency of fES, ntES and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells of C57BL/6 background using the tetraploid complementation assay. A significant increase in implantation sites and the number of full-term pups were obtained when fES, ntES, and iPS cells were cultured with SC1 compared to the control ES medium. In conclusion, supplementing ES cell culture medium with PD and SC1 increases the derivation efficiency and pluripotency, respectively, of stem cells derived from the refractory inbred C57BL/6 strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Jen Lin
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America
- University of Connecticut Stem Cell Institute, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Tomokazu Amano
- University of Connecticut Stem Cell Institute, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Yong Tang
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America
- University of Connecticut Stem Cell Institute, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Xiuchun Tian
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America
- University of Connecticut Stem Cell Institute, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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7
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Lee KH. Generating chimeric mice from embryonic stem cells via vial coculturing or hypertonic microinjection. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1194:77-111. [PMID: 25064099 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1215-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The generation of a fertile embryonic stem cell (ESC)-derived or F0 (100 % coat color chimerism) mice is the final criterion in proving that the ESC is truly pluripotent. Many methods have been developed to produce chimeric mice. To date, the most popular methods for generating chimeric embryos is well sandwich aggregation between zona pellucida (ZP) removed (denuded) 2.5-day post-coitum (dpc) embryos and ESC clumps, or direct microinjection of ESCs into the cavity (blastocoel) of 3.5-dpc blastocysts. However, due to systemic limitations and the disadvantages of conventional microinjection, aggregation, and coculturing, two novel methods (vial coculturing and hypertonic microinjection) were developed in recent years at my laboratory.Coculturing 2.5-dpc denuded embryos with ESCs in 1.7-mL vials for ~3 h generates chimeras that have significantly high levels of chimerism (including 100 % coat color chimerism) and germline transmission. This method has significantly fewer instrumental and technological limitations than existing methods, and is an efficient, simple, inexpensive, and reproducible method for "mass production" of chimeric embryos. For laboratories without a microinjection system, this is the method of choice for generating chimeric embryos. Microinjecting ESCs into a subzonal space of 2.5-dpc embryos can generate germline-transmitted chimeras including 100 % coat color chimerism. However, this method is adopted rarely due to the very small and tight space between ZP and blastomeres. Using a laser pulse or Piezo-driven instrument/device to help introduce ESCs into the subzonal space of 2.5-dpc embryos demonstrates the superior efficiency in generating ESC-derived (F0) chimeras. Unfortunately, due to the need for an expensive instrument/device and extra fine skill, not many studies have used either method. Recently, ESCs injected into the large subzonal space of 2.5-dpc embryos in an injection medium containing 0.2-0.3 M sucrose very efficiently generated viable, healthy, and fertile chimeric mice with 100 % coat color chimerism.Both vial coculture and hypertonic microinjection methods are useful and effective alternatives for producing germline chimeric or F0 mice efficiently and reliably. Furthermore, both novel methods are also good for induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to generate chimeric embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Hsiung Lee
- Division of Biotechnology, Animal Technology Institute Taiwan, 23, Chunan (35053), Miaoli, Taiwan,
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8
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Hirabayashi M, Tamura C, Sanbo M, Goto T, Kato-Itoh M, Kobayashi T, Nakauchi H, Hochi S. Ability of tetraploid rat blastocysts to support fetal development after complementation with embryonic stem cells. Mol Reprod Dev 2012; 79:402-12. [PMID: 22499253 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to generate rat offspring via tetraploid blastocyst complementation with embryonic stem (ES) cells. Tetraploid blastocysts were prepared by electrofusion of blastomeres from two-cell stage embryos, and subsequent in vivo culture for 4 days. Microinjection into the tetraploid blastocoel of an inner cell mass isolated by immunosurgery resulted in the generation of rat offspring, suggesting the successful contribution of tetraploid blastocysts to their placenta. Tetraploid blastocyst complementation was attempted with a total of 4 ES cell lines (2 lines of female karyotype and 2 lines of male karyotype). In the rESWIv-3i-5 (XX) cell line, normal-sized fetuses with heartbeats were harvested on E11.5 (12.1%), E12.5 (9.5%), and E13.5 (9.1%), but no viable fetuses were detected on E14.5. Similarly, use of the rESWIv-3i-1 (XX) cell line resulted in no viable fetus production on E14.5. Using the rESBLK2i-1 (XY) cell line, viable fetuses were harvested not only on E11.5-E13.5 (2.6-5.5%), but also on E14.5 (3.0%). The transfer of a total of 487 tetraploid blastocysts complemented with rESBLK2i-1 cells resulted in 256 implantation sites (52.6%) on E21.5, but no viable offspring was detected. Use of the rESBLK2i-1/huKO (XY) cell line also resulted in no viable offspring production on E21.5. Analyses of the methylation pattern in differentially methylated regions and transcript level of genes that are imprinted in mice (H19, Meg3, Igf2r, Peg5, and Peg10) in the E14.5 conceptuses indicated a marked difference between the ES cell-derived and control normal fetuses, but not between the tetraploid and control diploid placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masumi Hirabayashi
- Center for Genetic Analysis of Behavior, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan.
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Mizutani E, Yamagata K, Ono T, Akagi S, Geshi M, Wakayama T. Abnormal chromosome segregation at early cleavage is a major cause of the full-term developmental failure of mouse clones. Dev Biol 2012; 364:56-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2012.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Revised: 12/27/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Lin J, Shi L, Zhang M, Yang H, Qin Y, Zhang J, Gong D, Zhang X, Li D, Li J. Defects in trophoblast cell lineage account for the impaired in vivo development of cloned embryos generated by somatic nuclear transfer. Cell Stem Cell 2011; 8:371-5. [PMID: 21474101 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2011.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2010] [Revised: 01/09/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The low success rate of somatic nuclear transfer (NT) is hypothesized to be mainly due to functional defects in the trophoblast cell lineage rather than the inner cell mass (ICM); this hypothesis, however, remains to be tested directly. Here we separated the ICMs from cloned blastocysts and aggregated the cloned ICM with two fertilization-derived (FD) tetraploid (4N) embryos. We found that the full-term development of cloned ICMs was dramatically improved after the trophoblast cells in the cloned blastocysts were replaced by cells from tetraploid embryos, thus providing direct evidence that defects in trophoblast cell lineage underlie the low success rate of somatic NT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangwei Lin
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, China
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11
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Wu G, Liu N, Rittelmeyer I, Sharma AD, Sgodda M, Zaehres H, Bleidißel M, Greber B, Gentile L, Han DW, Rudolph C, Steinemann D, Schambach A, Ott M, Schöler HR, Cantz T. Generation of healthy mice from gene-corrected disease-specific induced pluripotent stem cells. PLoS Biol 2011; 9:e1001099. [PMID: 21765802 PMCID: PMC3134447 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Using the murine model of tyrosinemia type 1 (fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase [FAH] deficiency; FAH−/− mice) as a paradigm for orphan disorders, such as hereditary metabolic liver diseases, we evaluated fibroblast-derived FAH−/−-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) as targets for gene correction in combination with the tetraploid embryo complementation method. First, after characterizing the FAH−/− iPS cell lines, we aggregated FAH−/−-iPS cells with tetraploid embryos and obtained entirely FAH−/−-iPS cell–derived mice that were viable and exhibited the phenotype of the founding FAH−/− mice. Then, we transduced FAH cDNA into the FAH−/−-iPS cells using a third-generation lentiviral vector to generate gene-corrected iPS cells. We could not detect any chromosomal alterations in these cells by high-resolution array CGH analysis, and after their aggregation with tetraploid embryos, we obtained fully iPS cell–derived healthy mice with an astonishing high efficiency for full-term development of up to 63.3%. The gene correction was validated functionally by the long-term survival and expansion of FAH-positive cells of these mice after withdrawal of the rescuing drug NTBC (2-(2-nitro-4-fluoromethylbenzoyl)-1,3-cyclohexanedione). Furthermore, our results demonstrate that both a liver-specific promoter (transthyretin, TTR)-driven FAH transgene and a strong viral promoter (from spleen focus-forming virus, SFFV)-driven FAH transgene rescued the FAH-deficiency phenotypes in the mice derived from the respective gene-corrected iPS cells. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that a lentiviral gene repair strategy does not abrogate the full pluripotent potential of fibroblast-derived iPS cells, and genetic manipulation of iPS cells in combination with tetraploid embryo aggregation provides a practical and rapid approach to evaluate the efficacy of gene correction of human diseases in mouse models. Pluripotent stem cells have unlimited self-renewing capability and the potential to differentiate into virtually all cell types of the body. Pluripotent stem cells are therefore of great interest for future cell-based therapies and are already in use today for studying diseases “in a dish” and screening for new drugs. After the seminal discovery that induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) can be generated by the delivery of four transcription factors into non-pluripotent cells, a tremendous amount of enthusiasm arose about the idea that patient-derived pluripotent stem cells could be obtained and genetically corrected in order to develop customized therapies for regenerative medicine. Here, we present a mouse model of acute metabolic liver failure that fulfills such criteria. First, we demonstrated by stringent assays that disease-specific iPS cells exhibited full cellular and developmental potential and the iPS cell–derived mice reproduced the phenotypes of the founding FAH−/− mice faithfully. Then, we genetically repaired the disease-specific iPS cells by lentiviral delivery of an intact gene copy, and we investigated the impact of this additional genetic manipulation on these cells. With our analyses, we ruled out major, and even minor, chromosomal aberrations in the gene-corrected iPS cells. Most importantly, we demonstrated that the gene-corrected cells maintained their full potential and we generated viable mice that were completely derived from these repaired cells via tetraploid complementation approach, and these mice were healthy, without any signs of the metabolic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangming Wu
- Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Na Liu
- Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
- Junior Research Group Stem Cell Biology, Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ina Rittelmeyer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, and TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Amar Deep Sharma
- Junior Research Group Stem Cell Biology, Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Malte Sgodda
- Junior Research Group Stem Cell Biology, Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Holm Zaehres
- Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Boris Greber
- Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Luca Gentile
- Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Dong Wook Han
- Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cornelia Rudolph
- Junior Research Group Genetic & Epigenetic Integrity, Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Institute of Cell and Molecular Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Doris Steinemann
- Junior Research Group Genetic & Epigenetic Integrity, Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Institute of Cell and Molecular Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Schambach
- Junior Research Group Hematopoietic Cell Therapy, Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Department Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Ott
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, and TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hans R. Schöler
- Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
- Junior Research Group Stem Cell Biology, Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Medical Faculty, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Tobias Cantz
- Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
- Junior Research Group Stem Cell Biology, Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail:
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12
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Park MR, Lee AR, Bui HT, Park C, Park KK, Cho SG, Song H, Kim JH, Nguyen VT, Kim JH. Chromosome remodeling and differentiation of tetraploid embryos during preimplantation development. Dev Dyn 2011; 240:1660-9. [PMID: 21547981 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.22653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it is known that the tetraploid embryo contributes only to the placenta, the question of why tetraploid embryos differentiate into placenta remains unclear. To study the effect of electrofusion on the development of mouse tetraploid oocytes, mouse two-cell embryos were fused and cultured in vitro in Chatot-Ziomek-Bavister medium. After electrofusion, two chromosome sets from the tetraploid blastomere were individually duplicated before nuclear fusion. At 8-10 hr after electrofusion, each chromosome set was condensing and the nuclear membrane was breaking down. Around 12-14 hr after electrofusion, the two chromosome sets had combined together and had reached the second mitotic metaphase, at this point with 8n sets of chromosomes. Interestingly, we discovered that expression of OCT4, an inner cell mass cells biomarker, is lost by the tetraploid expanded blastocysts, but that CDX2, a trophectoderm cells biomarker, is strongly expressed at this stage. This observation provides evidence clarifying why tetraploid embryos contribute only to trophectoderm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Ryung Park
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, KonKuk University, Seoul, Korea
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13
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Individual blastomeres of 16- and 32-cell mouse embryos are able to develop into foetuses and mice. Dev Biol 2010; 348:190-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2010.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2010] [Revised: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 09/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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14
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Yang H, Shi L, Zhang S, Ling J, Jiang J, Li J. High-efficiency somatic reprogramming induced by intact MII oocytes. Cell Res 2010; 20:1034-42. [DOI: 10.1038/cr.2010.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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15
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Lin CJ, Amano T, Zhang J, Chen YE, Tian XC. Acceptance of embryonic stem cells by a wide developmental range of mouse tetraploid embryos. Biol Reprod 2010; 83:177-84. [PMID: 20410454 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.110.084707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetraploid (4N) complementation assay is regard as the most stringent characterization test for the pluripotency of embryonic stem (ES) cells. The technology can generate mice fully derived from the injected ES cell (ES-4N) with 4N placentas. However, it remains a very inefficient procedure owing to a lack of information on the optimal conditions for ES incorporation into the 4N embryos. In the present study, we injected ES cells from embryos of natural fertilization (fES) and somatic cell nuclear transfer (ntES) into 4N embryos at various stages of development to determine the optimal stage of ES cells integration by comparing the efficiency of full-term ES-4N mouse generation. Our results demonstrate that fES/ntES cells can be incorporated into 4N embryos at 2-cell, 4-cell and blastocyst stages and full-term mice can be generated. Interestingly, ntES cells injected into the 4-cell group resulted in the lowest efficiency (5.6%) compared to the 2-cell (13.8%, P > 0.05) and blastocyst (16.7%, P < 0.05) stages. Because 4N embryos start to form compacted morulae at the 4-cell stage, we investigated whether the lower efficiency at this stage was due to early compaction by injecting ntES cells into artificially de-compacted embryos treated with calcium free medium. Although the treatment changed the embryonic morphology, it did not increase the efficiency of ES-4N mice generation. Immunochemistry of the cytoskeleton displayed microtubule and microfilament polarization at the late 4-cell stage in 4N embryos, which suggests that de-compaction treatment cannot reverse the polarization process. Taken together, we show here that a wide developmental range of 4N embryos can be used for 4N complementation and embryo polarization and compaction may restrict incorporation of ES cells into 4N embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Jen Lin
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Center for Regenerative Biology, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
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16
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Han J, Yuan P, Yang H, Zhang J, Soh BS, Li P, Lim SL, Cao S, Tay J, Orlov YL, Lufkin T, Ng HH, Tam WL, Lim B. Tbx3 improves the germ-line competency of induced pluripotent stem cells. Nature 2010; 463:1096-100. [PMID: 20139965 PMCID: PMC2901797 DOI: 10.1038/nature08735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2009] [Accepted: 12/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells can be obtained by the introduction of defined factors into somatic cells. The combination of Oct4 (also known as Pou5f1), Sox2 and Klf4 (which we term OSK) constitutes the minimal requirement for generating iPS cells from mouse embryonic fibroblasts. These cells are thought to resemble embryonic stem cells (ESCs) on the basis of global gene expression analyses; however, few studies have tested the ability and efficiency of iPS cells to contribute to chimaerism, colonization of germ tissues, and most importantly, germ-line transmission and live birth from iPS cells produced by tetraploid complementation. Using genomic analyses of ESC genes that have roles in pluripotency and fusion-mediated somatic cell reprogramming, here we show that the transcription factor Tbx3 significantly improves the quality of iPS cells. iPS cells generated with OSK and Tbx3 (OSKT) are superior in both germ-cell contribution to the gonads and germ-line transmission frequency. However, global gene expression profiling could not distinguish between OSK and OSKT iPS cells. Genome-wide chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing analysis of Tbx3-binding sites in ESCs suggests that Tbx3 regulates pluripotency-associated and reprogramming factors, in addition to sharing many common downstream regulatory targets with Oct4, Sox2, Nanog and Smad1. This study underscores the intrinsic qualitative differences between iPS cells generated by different methods, and highlights the need to rigorously characterize iPS cells beyond in vitro studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyong Han
- Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, 138672, Singapore
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17
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Ohta H, Ohinata Y, Ikawa M, Morioka Y, Sakaide Y, Saitou M, Kanagawa O, Wakayama T. Male germline and embryonic stem cell lines from NOD mice: efficient derivation of GS cells from a nonpermissive strain for ES cell derivation. Biol Reprod 2009; 81:1147-53. [PMID: 19726737 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.109.079368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse is a valuable model for human type 1 diabetes and the development of humanized mice. Although the importance of this mouse strain is widely recognized, its usefulness is constrained by the absence of NOD embryonic stem (ES) lines with adequate germline transmission competence. In the present study, we established two germline transmission-competent types of cell lines from NOD mice; these cell lines, male germline stem (GS) cells and ES cells, were derived from NOD spermatogonia and blastocysts, respectively. NOD-GS cells proliferated in vitro and differentiated into mature sperm after transplantation into testis. NOD-ES cell lines were effectively established from NOD blastocysts using culture medium containing inhibitors for fibroblast growth receptor, MEK, and GSK3. Both the NOD-GS and NOD-ES cell lines transmitted their haplotypes to progeny, revealing a novel strategy for gene modification in a pure NOD genetic background. Our results also suggest that the establishment of GS cells is an effective procedure in nonpermissive mouse strains or other species for ES cell derivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ohta
- Laboratories for Genomic Reprogramming, Center for Developmental Biology, RIKEN, Kobe, Japan.
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18
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Interspecies somatic cell nucleus transfer with porcine oocytes as recipients: A novel bioassay system for assessing the competence of canine somatic cells to develop into embryos. Theriogenology 2009; 72:549-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2009.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2009] [Revised: 03/14/2009] [Accepted: 04/08/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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19
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Wakayama S, Kawahara Y, Li C, Yamagata K, Yuge L, Wakayama T. Detrimental effects of microgravity on mouse preimplantation development in vitro. PLoS One 2009; 4:e6753. [PMID: 19707597 PMCID: PMC2727478 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2009] [Accepted: 07/22/2009] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustaining life beyond Earth either on space stations or on other planets will require a clear understanding of how the space environment affects key phases of mammalian reproduction. However, because of the difficulty of doing such experiments in mammals, most studies of reproduction in space have been carried out with other taxa, such as sea urchins, fish, amphibians or birds. Here, we studied the possibility of mammalian fertilization and preimplantation development under microgravity (microG) conditions using a three-dimensional (3D) clinostat, which faithfully simulates 10(-3) G using 3D rotation. Fertilization occurred normally in vitro under microG. However, although we obtained 75 healthy offspring from microG-fertilized and -cultured embryos after transfer to recipient females, the birth rate was lower than among the 1G controls. Immunostaining demonstrated that in vitro culture under microG caused slower development and fewer trophectoderm cells than in 1G controls but did not affect polarization of the blastocyst. These results suggest for the first time that fertilization can occur normally under microG environment in a mammal, but normal preimplantation embryo development might require 1G.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Wakayama
- Laboratory for Genomic Reprogramming, RIKEN, Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yumi Kawahara
- Division of Bio-Environment Adaptation Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, and Space Bio-Laboratories, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Chong Li
- Laboratory for Genomic Reprogramming, RIKEN, Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Japan
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Japan
| | - Kazuo Yamagata
- Laboratory for Genomic Reprogramming, RIKEN, Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Japan
| | - Louis Yuge
- Division of Bio-Environment Adaptation Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, and Space Bio-Laboratories, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Teruhiko Wakayama
- Laboratory for Genomic Reprogramming, RIKEN, Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Japan
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Japan
- * E-mail:
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20
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Miki H, Wakisaka N, Inoue K, Ogonuki N, Mori M, Kim JM, Ohta A, Ogura A. Embryonic rather than extraembryonic tissues have more impact on the development of placental hyperplasia in cloned mice. Placenta 2009; 30:543-6. [PMID: 19345413 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2009.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2009] [Revised: 03/08/2009] [Accepted: 03/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Somatic cell cloning by nuclear transfer (NT) in mice is associated with hyperplastic placentas at term. To dissect the effects of embryonic and extraembryonic tissues on this clone-associated phenotype, we constructed diploid (2n) fused with (<-->) tetraploid (4n) chimeras from NT- and fertilization-derived (FD) embryos. Generally, the 4n cells contributed efficiently to all the extraembryonic tissues but not to the embryo itself. Embryos constructed by 2n NT<-->4n FD aggregation developed hyperplastic placentas (0.33+/-0.22 g) with a predominant contribution by NT-derived cells. Even when the population of FD-derived cells in placentas was increased using multiple FD embryos (up to four) for aggregation, most placentas remained hyperplastic (0.36+/-0.13 g). By contrast, placentas of the reciprocal combination, 2n FD<-->4n NT, were less hyperplastic (0.15+/-0.02 g). These nearly normal-looking placentas had a large proportion of NT-derived cells. Thus, embryonic rather than extraembryonic tissues had more impact on the onset of placental hyperplasia, and that the abnormal placentation in clones occurs in a noncell-autonomous manner. These findings suggest that for improvement of cloning efficiency we should understand the mechanisms regulating placentation, especially those of embryonic origin that might control the proliferation of trophoblastic lineage cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Miki
- Bioresource Center, RIKEN, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
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21
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Production of healthy cloned mice from bodies frozen at -20 degrees C for 16 years. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:17318-22. [PMID: 18981419 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0806166105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cloning animals by nuclear transfer provides an opportunity to preserve endangered mammalian species. However, it has been suggested that the "resurrection" of frozen extinct species (such as the woolly mammoth) is impracticable, as no live cells are available, and the genomic material that remains is inevitably degraded. Here we report production of cloned mice from bodies kept frozen at -20 degrees C for up to 16 years without any cryoprotection. As all of the cells were ruptured after thawing, we used a modified cloning method and examined nuclei from several organs for use in nuclear transfer attempts. Using brain nuclei as nuclear donors, we established embryonic stem cell lines from the cloned embryos. Healthy cloned mice were then produced from these nuclear transferred embryonic stem cells by serial nuclear transfer. Thus, nuclear transfer techniques could be used to "resurrect" animals or maintain valuable genomic stocks from tissues frozen for prolonged periods without any cryopreservation.
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22
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Ohta H, Sakaide Y, Wakayama T. Generation of mice derived from embryonic stem cells using blastocysts of different developmental ages. Reproduction 2008; 136:581-7. [PMID: 18757504 DOI: 10.1530/rep-08-0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We previously showed that increasing the cell number of host tetraploid (4n) embryos by aggregating multiple 4n embryos at two to four-cell stages can improve the birthrate of mice from embryonic stem cells (ES mice). In the present study, we assessed whether in vitro aged blastocysts (e.g., E4.5 or E5.5), where their cell number also increased with development, can be used as hosts for generating ES mice. As expected, the cell number of in vitro aged 4n blastocysts increased with development, i.e., 26.5+/-2.4, 49.6+/-8.4, and 84.9+/-20.9 cells for E3.5, E4.5, and E5.5 respectively. Three independent ES cell lines were injected into 4n aged blastocysts, and their developmental ability was compared with that of E3.5 4n blastocysts commonly used for this procedure. We found that the birthrate of ES mice derived from E4.5 blastocysts were comparable with those of mice generated from E3.5 blastocysts. On the other hand, the birthrates decreased when E5.5 blastocysts were used. These results suggest that not only the cell number but also developmental age is important for producing ES mice. We also discuss a comparison of the present findings with those of our previous study, where ES mice were generated using an aggregation method employing the same ES cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ohta
- Laboratory for Genomic Reprogramming, Center for Developmental Biology, RIKEN, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan.
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