1
|
Kaku Y, Isono Y, Tanaka H, Kobayashi T, Kanemori Y, Kashiwabara SI. Intronless Pabpc6 encodes a testis-specific, cytoplasmic poly(A)-binding protein but is dispensable for spermatogenesis in the mouse†. Biol Reprod 2024; 110:834-847. [PMID: 38281153 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioae017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Besides ubiquitous poly(A)-binding protein, cytoplasmic 1 (PABPC1), testis-specific PABPC2/PABPt (in humans, referred to as PABPC3), and female and male germline-specific PABPC1L/ePAB, have been reported in the mouse testis. Recent in silico analysis additionally identified testis-specific Pabpc6 in the mouse. In this study, we characterized PABPC6 and its mutant mice. PABPC6 was initially detectable in the cytoplasm of pachytene spermatocytes, increased in abundance in round spermatids, and decreased in elongating spermatids. PABPC6 was capable of binding to poly(A) tails of various mRNAs and interacting with translation-associated factors, including EIF4G, PAIP1, and PAIP2. Noteworthy was that PABPC6, unlike PABPC1, was barely associated with translationally active polysomes and enriched in chromatoid bodies of round spermatids. Despite these unique characteristics, neither synthesis of testicular proteins nor spermatogenesis was affected in the mutant mice lacking PABPC6, suggesting that PABPC6 is functionally redundant with other co-existing PABPC proteins during spermatogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Kaku
- Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuka Isono
- Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hideto Tanaka
- Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kobayashi
- Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kanemori
- Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Kashiwabara
- Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tan X, Zheng C, Zhuang Y, Jin P, Wang F. The m6A reader PRRC2A is essential for meiosis I completion during spermatogenesis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1636. [PMID: 36964127 PMCID: PMC10039029 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37252-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and its reader proteins YTHDC1, YTHDC2, and YTHDF2 have been shown to exert essential functions during spermatogenesis. However, much remains unknown about m6A regulation mechanisms and the functions of specific readers during the meiotic cell cycle. Here, we show that the m6A reader Proline rich coiled-coil 2A (PRRC2A) is essential for male fertility. Germ cell-specific knockout of Prrc2a causes XY asynapsis and impaired meiotic sex chromosome inactivation in late-prophase spermatocytes. Moreover, PRRC2A-null spermatocytes exhibit delayed metaphase entry, chromosome misalignment, and spindle disorganization at metaphase I and are finally arrested at this stage. Sequencing data reveal that PRRC2A decreases the RNA abundance or improves the translation efficiency of targeting transcripts. Specifically, PRRC2A recognizes spermatogonia-specific transcripts and downregulates their RNA abundance to maintain the spermatocyte expression pattern during the meiosis prophase. For genes involved in meiotic cell division, PRRC2A improves the translation efficiency of their transcripts. Further, co-immunoprecipitation data show that PRRC2A interacts with several proteins regulating mRNA metabolism or translation (YBX1, YBX2, PABPC1, FXR1, and EIF4G3). Our study reveals post-transcriptional functions of PRRC2A and demonstrates its critical role in the completion of meiosis I in spermatogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinshui Tan
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Caihong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yinghua Zhuang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pengpeng Jin
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengchao Wang
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102206, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kang JY, Wen Z, Pan D, Zhang Y, Li Q, Zhong A, Yu X, Wu YC, Chen Y, Zhang X, Kou PC, Geng J, Wang YY, Hua MM, Zong R, Li B, Shi HJ, Li D, Fu XD, Li J, Nelson DL, Guo X, Zhou Y, Gou LT, Huang Y, Liu MF. LLPS of FXR1 drives spermiogenesis by activating translation of stored mRNAs. Science 2022; 377:eabj6647. [PMID: 35951695 DOI: 10.1126/science.abj6647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Postmeiotic spermatids use a unique strategy to coordinate gene expression with morphological transformation, in which transcription and translation take place at separate developmental stages, but how mRNAs stored as translationally inert messenger ribonucleoproteins in developing spermatids become activated remains largely unknown. Here, we report that the RNA binding protein FXR1, a member of the fragile X-related (FXR) family, is highly expressed in late spermatids and undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) to merge messenger ribonucleoprotein granules with the translation machinery to convert stored mRNAs into a translationally activated state. Germline-specific Fxr1 ablation in mice impaired the translation of target mRNAs and caused defective spermatid development and male infertility, and a phase separation-deficient FXR1L351P mutation in Fxr1 knock-in mice produced the same developmental defect. These findings uncover a mechanism for translational reprogramming with LLPS as a key driver in spermiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yan Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ze Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Duo Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhan Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai Research Center of Biliary Tract Disease, Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ai Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinghai Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi-Chen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangzheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Kou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Junlan Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Min-Min Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Pharmacy School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruiting Zong
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Biao Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Juan Shi
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Pharmacy School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dangsheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang-Dong Fu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jinsong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, China
| | - David L Nelson
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xuejiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lan-Tao Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai Research Center of Biliary Tract Disease, Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mo-Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhao LW, Fan HY. Revisiting poly(A)-binding proteins: Multifaceted regulators during gametogenesis and early embryogenesis. Bioessays 2021; 43:e2000335. [PMID: 33830517 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Post-transcriptional regulation faces a distinctive challenge in gametes. Transcription is limited when the germ cells enter the division phase due to condensed chromatin, while gene expression during gamete maturation, fertilization, and early cleavage depends on existing mRNA post-transcriptional coordination. The dynamics of the 3'-poly(A) tail play crucial roles in defining mRNA fate. The 3'-poly(A) tail is covered with poly(A)-binding proteins (PABPs) that help to mediate mRNA metabolism and recent work has shed light on the number and function of germ cell-specific expressed PABPs. There are two structurally different PABP groups distinguished by their cytoplasmic and nuclear localization. Both lack catalytic activity but are coupled with various roles through their interaction with multifunctional partners during mRNA metabolism. Here, we present a synopsis of PABP function during gametogenesis and early embryogenesis and describe both conventional and current models of the functions and regulation of PABPs, with an emphasis on the physiological significance of how germ cell-specific PABPs potentially affect human fertility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Long-Wen Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Heng-Yu Fan
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen J, Li Y, Wu J, Liu Y, Kang S. Whole-exome sequencing reveals potential germline and somatic mutations in 60 malignant ovarian germ cell tumors†. Biol Reprod 2021; 105:164-178. [PMID: 33739378 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant ovarian germ cell tumors (MOGCTs) are rare and heterogeneous ovary tumors. We aimed to identify potential germline mutations and somatic mutations in MOGCTs by whole-exome sequencing. The peripheral blood and tumor samples from these patients were used to identify germline mutations and somatic mutations, respectively. For those genes with copy number alterations (deletion and duplication region), functional annotation was performed. Immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate the expression of mutated genes corresponding to CNA deletion region and duplication region. In peripheral blood, copy number loss and gain were mostly found in yolk sac tumors (YSTs). Moreover, POU5F1 was the most significant mutated gene with mutation frequency >10% in both CNA deletion and duplication region. In addition, strong cytoplasm staining of POU5F1 (corresponding to CNA deletion region and duplication region) was found in two YST and nuclear staining in two dysgerminomas tumor samples. Genes corresponding to CNA deletion region were significantly enriched in the signaling pathway of regulating pluripotency of stem cells. In addition, genes corresponding to CNA duplication region were significantly enriched in the signaling pathways of RIG-I (DExD/H-box helicase 58)-like receptor, Toll-like receptor and nuclear factor (NF)-kappa. Keratin 4 (KRT4), ribosomal protein L14 (RPL14), proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 6 (PCSK6), poly(A)-binding protein cytoplasmic 3 (PABPC3), and sterile alpha and TIR motif containing 1 (SARM1) mutations were detected in both peripheral blood and tumor samples. Identification of potential germline mutations and somatic mutations in MOGCTs may provide a new field in understanding the genetic feature of the rare biological tumor type in the ovary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hebei Medical University Fourth Affiliated Hospital and Hebei Provincial Tumor Hospital, Hebei, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hebei Medical University Fourth Affiliated Hospital and Hebei Provincial Tumor Hospital, Hebei, China
| | - Jianlei Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hebei Medical University Fourth Affiliated Hospital and Hebei Provincial Tumor Hospital, Hebei, China
| | - Yakun Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hebei Medical University Fourth Affiliated Hospital and Hebei Provincial Tumor Hospital, Hebei, China
| | - Shan Kang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hebei Medical University Fourth Affiliated Hospital and Hebei Provincial Tumor Hospital, Hebei, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Oyama K, Baba T, Kashiwabara SI. Functional characterization of testis-brain RNA-binding protein, TB-RBP/Translin, in translational regulation. J Reprod Dev 2021; 67:35-42. [PMID: 33268667 PMCID: PMC7902210 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2020-120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Testis-brain RNA-binding protein (TB-RBP/Translin) is known to contribute to the translational repression of a subset of haploid cell-specific mRNAs, including protamine 2 (Prm2) mRNA. Mutant mice lacking TB-RBP display abnormal spermatogenesis, despite normal male fertility. In this study, we carried out functional analysis of TB-RBP in mammalian cultured cells to understand the mechanism of translational repression by this RNA-binding protein. Although the amino acid sequence contained a eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (EIF4E)-recognition motif, TB-RBP failed to interact with EIF4E. In cultured cells, TB-RBP was unable to reduce the activity of luciferase encoded by a reporter mRNA carrying the 3'-untranslated region of Prm2. However, λΝ-BoxB tethering assay revealed that the complex of TB-RBP with its binding partner, Translin-associated factor X (TRAX), exhibits the ability to reduce the luciferase reporter activity by degrading the mRNA. These results suggest that TB-RBP may play a regulatory role in determining the sequence specificity of TRAX-catalyzed mRNA degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Oyama
- Ph.D. Program in Human Biology, School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan.,Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Tadashi Baba
- Ph.D. Program in Human Biology, School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan.,Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.,Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Kashiwabara
- Ph.D. Program in Human Biology, School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan.,Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.,Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dai P, Wang X, Gou LT, Li ZT, Wen Z, Chen ZG, Hua MM, Zhong A, Wang L, Su H, Wan H, Qian K, Liao L, Li J, Tian B, Li D, Fu XD, Shi HJ, Zhou Y, Liu MF. A Translation-Activating Function of MIWI/piRNA during Mouse Spermiogenesis. Cell 2019; 179:1566-1581.e16. [PMID: 31835033 PMCID: PMC8139323 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Spermiogenesis is a highly orchestrated developmental process during which chromatin condensation decouples transcription from translation. Spermiogenic mRNAs are transcribed earlier and stored in a translationally inert state until needed for translation; however, it remains largely unclear how such repressed mRNAs become activated during spermiogenesis. We previously reported that the MIWI/piRNA machinery is responsible for mRNA elimination during late spermiogenesis in preparation for spermatozoa production. Here we unexpectedly discover that the same machinery is also responsible for activating translation of a subset of spermiogenic mRNAs to coordinate with morphological transformation into spermatozoa. Such action requires specific base-pairing interactions of piRNAs with target mRNAs in their 3' UTRs, which activates translation through coupling with cis-acting AU-rich elements to nucleate the formation of a MIWI/piRNA/eIF3f/HuR super-complex in a developmental stage-specific manner. These findings reveal a critical role of the piRNA system in translation activation, which we show is functionally required for spermatid development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Lan-Tao Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0651, USA
| | - Zhi-Tong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ze Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zong-Gui Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Min-Min Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Pharmacy School, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ai Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Lingbo Wang
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Pharmacy School, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Haiyang Su
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Huida Wan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Kun Qian
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Lujian Liao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jinsong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Bin Tian
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07103, USA
| | - Dangsheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xiang-Dong Fu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0651, USA
| | - Hui-Juan Shi
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Pharmacy School, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Yu Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China.
| | - Mo-Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sha Y, Liu W, Huang X, Li Y, Ji Z, Mei L, Lin S, Kong S, Lu J, Kong L, Zhu X, Lu Z, Ding L. EIF4G1 is a novel candidate gene associated with severe asthenozoospermia. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e807. [PMID: 31268247 PMCID: PMC6687618 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthenozoospermia (AZS), also known as asthenospermia, is characterized by reduced motility of ejaculated spermatozoa and is detected in more than 40% of infertile patients. Because the proportion of progressive spermatozoa in severe AZS is <1%, severe AZS is an urgent challenge in reproductive medicine. Several genes have been reported to be relevant to severe asthenospermia. However, these gene mutations are found only in sporadic cases and can explain only a small fraction of severe AZS, so additional genetic pathogenies need to be explored. METHODS AND RESULTS By screening the variant genes in a patient with severe AZS using whole exome sequencing, we identified biallelic mutations c.2521C>T: p.(Pro841Ser) (NC_000003.11: g.184043412C>T) in exon13 and c.2957C>G: p.(Ala986Gly) (NC_000003.11: g.184045117C>G) in exon17 in the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 gamma 1 gene (EIF4G1, RefSeq: NM_004953.4, OMIM: 600495) of the patient. Both of the mutation sites are rare and potentially deleterious. Transmission electron microscopy analysis showed a disrupted axonemal structure with mitochondrial sheath defects. The EIF4G1 protein level was extremely low, and the mitochondrial marker cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4I1 (COXIV, OMIM: 123864) and mitochondrially encoded ATP synthase 6 (ATP6, OMIM: 516060) protein levels were also decreased in the patient's spermatozoa as revealed by WB and IF analysis. This infertility associated with this condition was overcome by intracytoplasmic sperm injections, as his wife became pregnant successfully. CONCLUSION Our experimental findings indicate that the EIF4G1 gene is a novel candidate gene that may be relevant to severe AZS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei Sha
- Department of Andrology, United Diagnostic and Research Center for Clinical Genetics, School of Public Health & Women and Children's Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wensheng Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xianjing Huang
- Department of Andrology, United Diagnostic and Research Center for Clinical Genetics, School of Public Health & Women and Children's Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhiyong Ji
- Department of Andrology, United Diagnostic and Research Center for Clinical Genetics, School of Public Health & Women and Children's Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Libin Mei
- Department of Andrology, United Diagnostic and Research Center for Clinical Genetics, School of Public Health & Women and Children's Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shaobin Lin
- Department of Andrology, United Diagnostic and Research Center for Clinical Genetics, School of Public Health & Women and Children's Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shuangbo Kong
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jinhua Lu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lingyuan Kong
- Department of Andrology, United Diagnostic and Research Center for Clinical Genetics, School of Public Health & Women and Children's Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xingshen Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhongxian Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lu Ding
- Department of Andrology, United Diagnostic and Research Center for Clinical Genetics, School of Public Health & Women and Children's Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hu J, Sun F, Handel MA. Nuclear localization of EIF4G3 suggests a role for the XY body in translational regulation during spermatogenesis in mice. Biol Reprod 2019; 98:102-114. [PMID: 29161344 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/iox150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4G (EIF4G) is an important scaffold protein in the translation initiation complex. In mice, mutation of the Eif4g3 gene causes male infertility, with arrest of meiosis at the end of meiotic prophase. This study documents features of the developmental expression and subcellular localization of EIF4G3 that might contribute to its highly specific role in meiosis and spermatogenesis. Quite unexpectedly, EIF4G3 is located in the nucleus of spermatocytes, where it is highly enriched in the XY body, the chromatin domain formed by the transcriptionally inactive sex chromosomes. Moreover, many other, but not all, translation-related proteins are also localized in the XY body. These unanticipated observations implicate roles for the XY body in controlling mRNA metabolism and/or "poising" protein translation complexes before the meiotic division phase in spermatocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fengyun Sun
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Uysal F, Ozturk S. Embryonic poly(A)‐binding protein is differently expressed and interacts with the messenger RNAs in the mouse oocytes and early embryos. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:4694-4709. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Uysal
- Department of Histology and Embryology Akdeniz University School of Medicine Antalya Turkey
- Department of Histology and Embryology Ankara University School of Medicine Ankara Turkey
| | - Saffet Ozturk
- Department of Histology and Embryology Akdeniz University School of Medicine Antalya Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ozturk S, Uysal F. Poly(A)-binding proteins are required for translational regulation in vertebrate oocytes and early embryos. Reprod Fertil Dev 2018; 29:1890-1901. [PMID: 28103468 DOI: 10.1071/rd16283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(A)-binding proteins (PABPs) function in the timely regulation of gene expression during oocyte maturation, fertilisation and early embryo development in vertebrates. To this end, PABPs bind to poly(A) tails or specific sequences of maternally stored mRNAs to protect them from degradation and to promote their translational activities. To date, two structurally different PABP groups have been identified: (1) cytoplasmic PABPs, including poly(A)-binding protein, cytoplasmic 1 (PABPC1), embryonic poly(A)-binding protein (EPAB), induced PABP and poly(A)-binding protein, cytoplasmic 3; and (2) nuclear PABPs, namely embryonic poly(A)-binding protein 2 and nuclear poly(A)-binding protein 1. Many studies have been undertaken to characterise the spatial and temporal expression patterns and subcellular localisations of PABPC1 and EPAB in vertebrate oocytes and early embryos. In the present review, we comprehensively evaluate and discuss the expression patterns and particular functions of the EPAB and PABPC1 genes, especially in mouse and human oocytes and early embryos.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saffet Ozturk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Akdeniz University, School of Medicine, Campus, 07070, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Fatma Uysal
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Akdeniz University, School of Medicine, Campus, 07070, Antalya, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
RNA processing in the male germline: Mechanisms and implications for fertility. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 79:80-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
13
|
MacDonald CC, Grozdanov PN. Nonsense in the testis: multiple roles for nonsense-mediated decay revealed in male reproduction. Biol Reprod 2018; 96:939-947. [PMID: 28444146 PMCID: PMC5803779 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/iox033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay, or NMD, is a quality control mechanism that identifies cytoplasmic mRNAs containing translational termination (stop) codons in specific contexts—either premature termination codons or unusually long 3΄ untranslated regions (UTRs)—and targets them for degradation. In recent studies, researchers in different labs have knocked out important genes involved in NMD, the up-frameshift genes Upf2 and Upf3a, and one component of chromatoid bodies, the Tudor domain-containing protein Tdrd6, and examined the consequences for spermatogenesis. Disruption of Upf2 during early stages of spermatogenesis resulted in disappearance of nearly all spermatogenic cells through loss of NMD. However, disruption of Upf2 during postmeiotic stages resulted in decreased long 3΄ UTR-mediated NMD but no interruption of exon junction-associated NMD. This difference in NMD targeting is possibly due to increased expression of Upf3a in postmeiotic germ cells that antagonizes the functions of Upf3b and somehow favors long 3΄ UTR-mediated NMD. Tying these all together, loss of Tdrd6, a structural component of the germ cell-specific cytoplasmic structures called chromatoid bodies, also resulted in loss of long 3΄ UTR-mediated NMD by interfering with UPF1/UPF2 interactions, delocalizing UPF1, and destroying chromatoid body integrity. These results suggest that chromatoid bodies play a specialized role in modulating the NMD machinery in postmeiotic spermatids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clinton C. MacDonald
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas
- Correspondence: Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX 79430-6540, USA. Tel: +1-806-743-2524; Fax: +1-806-743-2990; E-mail:
| | - Petar N. Grozdanov
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ozturk S, Uysal F. Potential roles of the poly(A)-binding proteins in translational regulation during spermatogenesis. J Reprod Dev 2018; 64:289-296. [PMID: 29780056 PMCID: PMC6105736 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2018-026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is briefly defined as the production of mature spermatozoa from spermatogonial stem cells at the end of a strictly regulated process. It is well known that, to a large
extent, transcriptional activity ceases at mid-spermiogenesis. Several mRNAs transcribed during early stages of spermatogenesis are stored as ribonucleoproteins (RNPs). During the later
stages, translational control of these mRNAs is mainly carried out in a time dependent-manner by poly(A)-binding proteins (PABPs) in cooperation with other RNA-binding proteins and
translation-related factors. Conserved PABPs specifically bind to poly(A) tails at the 3′ ends of mRNAs to regulate their translational activity in spermatogenic cells. Studies in this field
have revealed that PABPs, particularly poly(A)-binding protein cytoplasmic 1 (Pabpc1), Pabpc2, and the embryonic poly(A)-binding protein (Epab), play roles in the translational regulation of
mRNAs required at later stages of spermatogenesis. In this review article, we evaluated the spatial and temporal expression patterns and potential functions of these PABPs in spermatogenic
cells during spermatogenesis. The probable relationship between alterations in PABP expression and the development of male infertility is also reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saffet Ozturk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Akdeniz University, School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Fatma Uysal
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Akdeniz University, School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wu Y, Xu K, Qi H. Domain-functional analyses of PIWIL1 and PABPC1 indicate their synergistic roles in protein translation via 3′-UTRs of meiotic mRNAs†. Biol Reprod 2018; 99:773-788. [DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Wu
- School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaibiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huayu Qi
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Rafati N, Blanco-Aguiar JA, Rubin CJ, Sayyab S, Sabatino SJ, Afonso S, Feng C, Alves PC, Villafuerte R, Ferrand N, Andersson L, Carneiro M. A genomic map of clinal variation across the European rabbit hybrid zone. Mol Ecol 2018; 27:1457-1478. [PMID: 29359877 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Speciation is a process proceeding from weak to complete reproductive isolation. In this continuum, naturally hybridizing taxa provide a promising avenue for revealing the genetic changes associated with the incipient stages of speciation. To identify such changes between two subspecies of rabbits that display partial reproductive isolation, we studied patterns of allele frequency change across their hybrid zone using whole-genome sequencing. To connect levels and patterns of genetic differentiation with phenotypic manifestations of subfertility in hybrid rabbits, we further investigated patterns of gene expression in testis. Geographic cline analysis revealed 253 regions characterized by steep changes in allele frequency across their natural region of contact. This catalog of regions is likely to be enriched for loci implicated in reproductive barriers and yielded several insights into the evolution of hybrid dysfunction in rabbits: (i) incomplete reproductive isolation is likely governed by the effects of many loci, (ii) protein-protein interaction analysis suggest that genes within these loci interact more than expected by chance, (iii) regulatory variation is likely the primary driver of incompatibilities, and (iv) large chromosomal rearrangements appear not to be a major mechanism underlying incompatibilities or promoting isolation in the face of gene flow. We detected extensive misregulation of gene expression in testis of hybrid males, but not a statistical overrepresentation of differentially expressed genes in candidate regions. Our results also did not support an X chromosome-wide disruption of expression as observed in mice and cats, suggesting variation in the mechanistic basis of hybrid male reduced fertility among mammals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nima Rafati
- Science for Life Laboratory Uppsala, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory Uppsala, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - José A Blanco-Aguiar
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal.,Instituto de Investigacion en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Carl J Rubin
- Science for Life Laboratory Uppsala, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Shumaila Sayyab
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.,Research Center for Modeling and Simulation, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Stephen J Sabatino
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Sandra Afonso
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Chungang Feng
- Science for Life Laboratory Uppsala, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Paulo C Alves
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal.,Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Nuno Ferrand
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal.,Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Auckland, South Africa
| | - Leif Andersson
- Science for Life Laboratory Uppsala, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Miguel Carneiro
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal.,Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Rha J, Jones SK, Fidler J, Banerjee A, Leung SW, Morris KJ, Wong JC, Inglis GAS, Shapiro L, Deng Q, Cutler AA, Hanif AM, Pardue MT, Schaffer A, Seyfried NT, Moberg KH, Bassell GJ, Escayg A, García PS, Corbett AH. The RNA-binding protein, ZC3H14, is required for proper poly(A) tail length control, expression of synaptic proteins, and brain function in mice. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 26:3663-3681. [PMID: 28666327 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of mutations in genes that encode ubiquitously expressed RNA-binding proteins cause tissue specific disease. Many of these diseases are neurological in nature revealing critical roles for this class of proteins in the brain. We recently identified mutations in a gene that encodes a ubiquitously expressed polyadenosine RNA-binding protein, ZC3H14 (Zinc finger CysCysCysHis domain-containing protein 14), that cause a nonsyndromic, autosomal recessive form of intellectual disability. This finding reveals the molecular basis for disease and provides evidence that ZC3H14 is essential for proper brain function. To investigate the role of ZC3H14 in the mammalian brain, we generated a mouse in which the first common exon of the ZC3H14 gene, exon 13 is removed (Zc3h14Δex13/Δex13) leading to a truncated ZC3H14 protein. We report here that, as in the patients, Zc3h14 is not essential in mice. Utilizing these Zc3h14Δex13/Δex13mice, we provide the first in vivo functional characterization of ZC3H14 as a regulator of RNA poly(A) tail length. The Zc3h14Δex13/Δex13 mice show enlarged lateral ventricles in the brain as well as impaired working memory. Proteomic analysis comparing the hippocampi of Zc3h14+/+ and Zc3h14Δex13/Δex13 mice reveals dysregulation of several pathways that are important for proper brain function and thus sheds light onto which pathways are most affected by the loss of ZC3H14. Among the proteins increased in the hippocampi of Zc3h14Δex13/Δex13 mice compared to control are key synaptic proteins including CaMK2a. This newly generated mouse serves as a tool to study the function of ZC3H14 in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Rha
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.,Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Cell, and Developmental Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Stephanie K Jones
- Department of Biology.,Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jonathan Fidler
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine & Research Division, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | | | - Kevin J Morris
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Cell, and Developmental Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.,Department of Biology
| | - Jennifer C Wong
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - George Andrew S Inglis
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Lindsey Shapiro
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Qiudong Deng
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Alicia A Cutler
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Cell, and Developmental Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Adam M Hanif
- Department of Opthamology, Emory University School of Medicine & Research Division, & Atlanta VA Medical Center, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Machelle T Pardue
- Department of Opthamology, Emory University School of Medicine & Research Division, & Atlanta VA Medical Center, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ashleigh Schaffer
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-4955, USA
| | - Nicholas T Seyfried
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Kenneth H Moberg
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Gary J Bassell
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Andrew Escayg
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Paul S García
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine & Research Division, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kashiwabara SI, Tsuruta S, Yamaoka Y, Oyama K, Iwazaki C, Baba T. PAPOLB/TPAP regulates spermiogenesis independently of chromatoid body-associated factors. J Reprod Dev 2017; 64:25-31. [PMID: 29109362 PMCID: PMC5830355 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2017-106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutant mice lacking a testis-specific cytoplasmic poly(A) polymerase, PAPOLB/TPAP, exhibit spermiogenesis arrest and male infertility. However, the mechanism by which PAPOLB regulates spermiogenesis remains unclear. In
this study, we examined the relationships between PAPOLB and other spermiogenesis regulators present in the chromatoid body (CB). The loss of PAPOLB had no impact either on the abundance of CB components such as PIWIL1,
TDRD6, YBX2, and piRNAs, or on retrotransposon expression. In addition, localization of CB proteins and CB architecture were both normal in PAPOLB-null mice. No interactions were observed between PAPOLB and PIWIL1 or
YBX2. While PIWIL1 and YBX2 were associated with translationally inactive messenger ribonucleoproteins and translating polyribosomes, PAPOLB was present almost exclusively in the mRNA-free fractions of sucrose gradients.
These results suggest that PAPOLB may regulate spermiogenesis through a pathway distinct from that mediated by CB-associated factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichi Kashiwabara
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.,PhD Program in Human Biology, School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.,Life Science Center, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Satsuki Tsuruta
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Yutaro Yamaoka
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Kanako Oyama
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.,PhD Program in Human Biology, School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Chieko Iwazaki
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Tadashi Baba
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.,PhD Program in Human Biology, School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.,Life Science Center, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhang H, Wang G, Liu L, Liang X, Lin Y, Lin YY, Chou CF, Liu MF, Huang H, Sun F. KH-type splicing regulatory protein is a new component of chromatoid body. Reproduction 2017; 154:723-733. [PMID: 28871057 DOI: 10.1530/rep-17-0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The chromatoid body (CB) is a specific cloud-like structure in the cytoplasm of haploid spermatids. Recent findings indicate that CB is identified as a male germ cell-specific RNA storage and processing center, but its function has remained elusive for decades. In somatic cells, KH-type splicing regulatory protein (KSRP) is involved in regulating gene expression and maturation of select microRNAs (miRNAs). However, the function of KSRP in spermatogenesis remains unclear. In this study, we showed that KSRP partly localizes in CB, as a component of CB. KSRP interacts with proteins (mouse VASA homolog (MVH), polyadenylate-binding protein 1 (PABP1) and polyadenylate-binding protein 2 (PABP2)), mRNAs (Tnp2 and Odf1) and microRNAs (microRNA-182) in mouse CB. Moreover, KSRP may regulate the integrity of CB via DDX5-miRNA-182 pathway. In addition, we found abnormal expressions of CB component in testes of Ksrp-knockout mice and of patients with hypospermatogenesis. Thus, our results provide mechanistic insight into the role of KSRP in spermatogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Zhang
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health HospitalShanghai Key laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.,Reproductive Medicine CenterThe People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Guishuan Wang
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health HospitalShanghai Key laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Liu
- The Reproductive Medicine CenterThe First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaolin Liang
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health HospitalShanghai Key laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Lin
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health HospitalShanghai Key laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Yu Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Chu-Fang Chou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Mo-Fang Liu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyShanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hefeng Huang
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health HospitalShanghai Key laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Sun
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health HospitalShanghai Key laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
OSR1 and SPAK cooperatively modulate Sertoli cell support of mouse spermatogenesis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37205. [PMID: 27853306 PMCID: PMC5112561 DOI: 10.1038/srep37205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the role of oxidative stress-responsive kinase-1 (OSR1) and STE20 (sterile 20)/SPS1-related proline/alanine-rich kinase (SPAK), upstream regulators of the Na+-K+-2Cl− cotransporter (NKCC1)—essential for spermatogenesis—in mouse models of male fertility. Global OSR1+/− gene mutations, but not global SPAK−/− or Sertoli cell (SC)-specific OSR1 gene knockout (SC-OSR1−/−), cause subfertility with impaired sperm function and are associated with reduced abundance of phosphorylated (p)-NKCC1 but increased p-SPAK expression in testicular tissue and spermatozoa. To dissect further in a SC-specific manner the compensatory effect of OSR1 and SPAK in male fertility, we generated SC-OSR1−/− and SPAK−/− double knockout (DKO) male mice. These are infertile with defective spermatogenesis, presenting a SC-only-like syndrome. Disrupted meiotic progression and increased germ cell apoptosis occurred in the first wave of spermatogenesis. The abundance of total and p-NKCC1 was significantly decreased in the testicular tissues of DKO mice. These results indicate that OSR1 and SPAK cooperatively regulate NKCC1-dependent spermatogenesis in a SC-restricted manner.
Collapse
|
21
|
Kashiwabara SI, Tsuruta S, Okada K, Yamaoka Y, Baba T. Adenylation by testis-specific cytoplasmic poly(A) polymerase, PAPOLB/TPAP, is essential for spermatogenesis. J Reprod Dev 2016; 62:607-614. [PMID: 27647534 PMCID: PMC5177979 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2016-116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The testis-specific cytoplasmic poly(A) polymerase PAPOLB/TPAP is essential for spermatogenesis. Although this enzyme is responsible for poly(A) tail
extension of a subset of mRNAs in round spermatids, the stability and translational efficiency of these mRNAs are unaffected by the absence of PAPOLB. To
clarify the functional importance of this enzyme’s adenylation activity, we produced PAPOLB-null mice expressing a polyadenylation-defective PAPOLB mutant
(PAPOLBD114A), in which the catalytic Asp at residue 114 was mutated to Ala. Introducing PAPOLBD114A failed to rescue PAPOLB-null
phenotypes, such as reduced expression of haploid-specific mRNAs, spermiogenesis arrest, and male infertility. These results suggest that PAPOLB regulates
spermatogenesis through its adenylation activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichi Kashiwabara
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins are often multifunctional, interact with a variety of protein partners and display complex localizations within cells. Mammalian cytoplasmic poly(A)-binding proteins (PABPs) are multifunctional RNA-binding proteins that regulate multiple aspects of mRNA translation and stability. Although predominantly diffusely cytoplasmic at steady state, they shuttle through the nucleus and can be localized to a variety of cytoplasmic foci, including those associated with mRNA storage and localized translation. Intriguingly, PABP sub-cellular distribution can alter dramatically in response to cellular stress or viral infection, becoming predominantly nuclear and/or being enriched in induced cytoplasmic foci. However, relatively little is known about the mechanisms that govern this distribution/relocalization and in many cases PABP functions within specific sites remain unclear. Here we discuss the emerging evidence with respect to these questions in mammals.
Collapse
|
23
|
Bao J, Vitting-Seerup K, Waage J, Tang C, Ge Y, Porse BT, Yan W. UPF2-Dependent Nonsense-Mediated mRNA Decay Pathway Is Essential for Spermatogenesis by Selectively Eliminating Longer 3'UTR Transcripts. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1005863. [PMID: 27149259 PMCID: PMC4858225 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During transcription, most eukaryotic genes generate multiple alternative cleavage and polyadenylation (APA) sites, leading to the production of transcript isoforms with variable lengths in the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR). In contrast to somatic cells, male germ cells, especially pachytene spermatocytes and round spermatids, express a distinct reservoir of mRNAs with shorter 3'UTRs that are essential for spermatogenesis and male fertility. However, the mechanisms underlying the enrichment of shorter 3'UTR transcripts in the developing male germ cells remain unknown. Here, we report that UPF2-mediated nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) plays an essential role in male germ cells by eliminating ubiquitous genes-derived, longer 3'UTR transcripts, and that this role is independent of its canonical role in degrading "premature termination codon" (PTC)-containing transcripts in somatic cell lineages. This report provides physiological evidence supporting a noncanonical role of the NMD pathway in achieving global 3'UTR shortening in the male germ cells during spermatogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Bao
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JB); (BTP); (WY)
| | - Kristoffer Vitting-Seerup
- Biotech Research and Innovation Center (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Bioinformatic Centre, Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johannes Waage
- Biotech Research and Innovation Center (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Bioinformatic Centre, Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Danish Stem Cell Centre (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Chong Tang
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
| | - Ying Ge
- Biotech Research and Innovation Center (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Danish Stem Cell Centre (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bo T. Porse
- Biotech Research and Innovation Center (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Danish Stem Cell Centre (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail: (JB); (BTP); (WY)
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JB); (BTP); (WY)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kashiwabara SI, Tsuruta S, Okada K, Saegusa A, Miyagaki Y, Baba T. Functional compensation for the loss of testis-specific poly(A)-binding protein, PABPC2, during mouse spermatogenesis. J Reprod Dev 2016; 62:305-10. [PMID: 26971890 PMCID: PMC4919295 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2016-023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mouse testes contain several isoforms of cytoplasmic poly(A)-binding proteins (PABPCs), including ubiquitous
PABPC1 and testis-specific PABPC2/PABPt. PABPC2 is characterized by its absence from translationally active
polyribosomes and elongating spermatids. To elucidate the function of PABPC2 in spermatogenesis, we produced
mutant mice lacking PABPC2. The PABPC2-null mice showed normal fertility. The processes of spermatogenesis and
sperm migration in the testes and epididymides, respectively, were normal in the mutant mice. When the
involvement of PABPC2 in translational regulation of haploid-specific mRNAs was examined, these mRNAs were
correctly transcribed in round spermatids and translated in elongating spermatids. Moreover, immunoblot
analysis revealed low abundance of PABPC2 relative to PABPC1 in spermatogenic cells. These results suggest
that PABPC2 may be either functionally redundant with other PABPCs (including PABPC1) or largely dispensable
for translational regulation during spermiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichi Kashiwabara
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ozturk S, Sozen B, Uysal F, Bassorgun IC, Usta MF, Akkoyunlu G, Demir N. The poly(A)-binding protein genes, EPAB, PABPC1, and PABPC3 are differentially expressed in infertile men with non-obstructive azoospermia. J Assist Reprod Genet 2016; 33:335-348. [PMID: 26843391 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-016-0654-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Azoospermia is one of the major causes of male infertility and is basically classified into obstructive (OA) and non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA). The molecular background of NOA still largely remains elusive. It has been shown that the poly(A)-binding proteins (PABPs) essentially play critical roles in stabilization and translational control of the mRNAs during spermatogenesis. METHODS In the present study, we aim to evaluate expression levels of the PABP genes, EPAB, PABPC1, and PABPC3, in the testicular biopsy samples and in the isolated spermatocyte (SC) and round spermatid (RS) fractions obtained from men with various types of NOA including hypospermatogenesis (hyposperm), RS arrest, SC arrest, and Sertoli cell-only syndrome (SCO). RESULTS In the testicular biopsy samples, both PABPC1 and PABPC3 mRNA expressions were gradually decreased from hyposperm to SCO groups (P < 0.05), whereas there was no remarkable difference for the EPAB expression among groups. The expression levels of cytoplasmically localized PABPC1 and PABPC3 proteins dramatically reduced from hyposperm to SCO groups (P < 0.05). In the isolated SC and RS fractions, the EPAB, PABPC1, and PABPC3 mRNA expressions were gradually decreased from hyposperm to SC arrest groups (P < 0.05). Similarly, both PABPC1 and PABPC3 proteins were expressed at higher levels in the SC and RS fractions from hyposperm group when compared to the SC and RS fractions from either RS arrest or SC arrest group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that observed significant alterations in the PABPs expression may have an implication for development of different NOA forms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saffet Ozturk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Akdeniz University, School of Medicine, Campus, 07070, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Berna Sozen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Akdeniz University, School of Medicine, Campus, 07070, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Fatma Uysal
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Akdeniz University, School of Medicine, Campus, 07070, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim C Bassorgun
- Department of Pathology, Akdeniz University, School of Medicine, Campus, 07070, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Mustafa F Usta
- Department of Urology, Akdeniz University, School of Medicine, Campus, 07070, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Akkoyunlu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Akdeniz University, School of Medicine, Campus, 07070, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Necdet Demir
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Akdeniz University, School of Medicine, Campus, 07070, Antalya, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
PABPs [poly(A)-binding proteins] bind to the poly(A) tail of eukaryotic mRNAs and are conserved in species ranging from yeast to human. The prototypical cytoplasmic member, PABP1, is a multifunctional RNA-binding protein with roles in global and mRNA-specific translation and stability, consistent with a function as a central regulator of mRNA fate in the cytoplasm. More limited insight into the molecular functions of other family members is available. However, the consequences of disrupting PABP function in whole organisms is less clear, particularly in vertebrates, and even more so in mammals. In the present review, we discuss current and emerging knowledge with respect to the functions of PABP family members in whole animal studies which, although incomplete, already underlines their biological importance and highlights the need for further intensive research in this area.
Collapse
|
27
|
Bao J, Tang C, Li J, Zhang Y, Bhetwal BP, Zheng H, Yan W. RAN-binding protein 9 is involved in alternative splicing and is critical for male germ cell development and male fertility. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004825. [PMID: 25474150 PMCID: PMC4256260 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
As a member of the large Ran-binding protein family, Ran-binding protein 9 (RANBP9) has been suggested to play a critical role in diverse cellular functions in somatic cell lineages in vitro, and this is further supported by the neonatal lethality phenotype in Ranbp9 global knockout mice. However, the exact molecular actions of RANBP9 remain largely unknown. By inactivation of Ranbp9 specifically in testicular somatic and spermatogenic cells, we discovered that Ranbp9 was dispensable for Sertoli cell development and functions, but critical for male germ cell development and male fertility. RIP-Seq and proteomic analyses revealed that RANBP9 was associated with multiple key splicing factors and directly targeted >2,300 mRNAs in spermatocytes and round spermatids. Many of the RANBP9 target and non-target mRNAs either displayed aberrant splicing patterns or were dysregulated in the absence of Ranbp9. Our data uncovered a novel role of Ranbp9 in regulating alternative splicing in spermatogenic cells, which is critical for normal spermatogenesis and male fertility. Male fertility depends on successful production of functional sperm. Sperm are produced through spermatogenesis, a process of male germ cell proliferation and differentiation in the testis. Most of the genes involved in spermatogenesis are transcribed and processed into multiple isoforms, which are mainly achieved through alternative splicing. The testis-specific transcriptome, characterized by male germ cell-specific alternative splicing patterns, has been shown to be essential for successful spermatogenesis. However, how these male germ cells-specific alternative splicing events are regulated remains largely unknown. Here, we report that RANBP9 is involved in alternative splicing events that are critical for male germ cell development, and dysfunction of RANBP9 leads to disrupted spermatogenesis and compromised male fertility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Bao
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada Reno School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
| | - Chong Tang
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada Reno School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
| | - Jiachen Li
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada Reno School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada Reno School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
| | - Bhupal P. Bhetwal
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada Reno School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
| | - Huili Zheng
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada Reno School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada Reno School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wang SH, Cheng CY, Chen CJ, Chen HH, Tang PC, Chen CF, Lee YP, Huang SY. Changes in protein expression in testes of L2 strain Taiwan country chickens in response to acute heat stress. Theriogenology 2014; 82:80-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
29
|
Xu K, Yang L, Zhao D, Wu Y, Qi H. AKAP3 synthesis is mediated by RNA binding proteins and PKA signaling during mouse spermiogenesis. Biol Reprod 2014; 90:119. [PMID: 24648398 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.113.116111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian spermatogenesis is regulated by coordinated gene expression in a spatiotemporal manner. The spatiotemporal regulation of major sperm proteins plays important roles during normal development of the male gamete, of which the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. A-kinase anchoring protein 3 (AKAP3) is one of the major components of the fibrous sheath of the sperm tail that is formed during spermiogenesis. In the present study, we analyzed the expression of sperm-specific Akap3 and the potential regulatory factors of its protein synthesis during mouse spermiogenesis. Results showed that the transcription of Akap3 precedes its protein synthesis by about 2 wk. Nascent AKAP3 was found to form protein complex with PKA and RNA binding proteins (RBPs), including PIWIL1, PABPC1, and NONO, as revealed by coimmunoprecipitation and protein mass spectrometry. RNA electrophoretic gel mobility shift assay showed that these RBPs bind sperm-specific mRNAs, of which proteins are synthesized during the elongating stage of spermiogenesis. Biochemical and cell biological experiments demonstrated that PIWIL1, PABPC1, and NONO interact with each other and colocalize in spermatids' RNA granule, the chromatoid body. In addition, NONO was found in extracytoplasmic granules in round spermatids, whereas PIWIL1 and PABPC1 were diffusely localized in cytoplasm of elongating spermatids, indicating their participation at different steps of mRNA metabolism during spermatogenesis. Interestingly, type I PKA subunits colocalize with PIWIL1 and PABPC1 in the cytoplasm of elongating spermatids and cosediment with the RBPs in polysomal fractions on sucrose gradients. Further biochemical analyses revealed that activation of PKA positively regulates AKAP3 protein synthesis without changing its mRNA level in elongating spermatids. Taken together, these results indicate that PKA signaling directly participates in the regulation of protein translation in postmeiotic male germ cells, underscoring molecular mechanisms that regulate protein synthesis during mouse spermiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaibiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lele Yang
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danyun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaoyao Wu
- Department of Biology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Huayu Qi
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Cytoplasmic poly(A) binding protein C4 serves a critical role in erythroid differentiation. Mol Cell Biol 2014; 34:1300-9. [PMID: 24469397 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01683-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of an mRNA is strongly impacted by its 3' poly(A) tail and associated poly(A)-binding proteins (PABPs). Vertebrates encode six PABP isoforms that vary in abundance, distribution, developmental control, and subcellular localization. Here we demonstrate that the minor PABP isoform PABPC4 is expressed in erythroid cells and impacts the steady-state expression of a subset of erythroid mRNAs. Motif analyses reveal a high-value AU-rich motif in the 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) of PABPC4-impacted mRNAs. This motif enhances the association of PABPC4 with mRNAs containing critically shortened poly(A) tails. This association may serve to protect a subset of mRNAs from accelerated decay. Finally, we demonstrate that selective depletion of PABPC4 in an erythroblast cell line inhibits terminal erythroid maturation with corresponding alterations in the erythroid gene expression. These observations lead us to conclude that PABPC4 plays an essential role in posttranscriptional control of a major developmental pathway.
Collapse
|
31
|
Martinez NJ, Chang HM, Borrajo JDR, Gregory RI. The co-chaperones Fkbp4/5 control Argonaute2 expression and facilitate RISC assembly. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2013; 19:1583-93. [PMID: 24049110 PMCID: PMC3851725 DOI: 10.1261/rna.040790.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Argonaute2 (Ago2) protein and associated microRNAs (miRNAs) or small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) form the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) for target messenger RNA cleavage and post-transcriptional gene silencing. Although Ago2 is essential for RISC activity, the mechanism of RISC assembly is not well understood, and factors controlling Ago2 protein expression are largely unknown. A role for the Hsc70/Hsp90 chaperone complex in loading small RNA duplexes into the RISC has been demonstrated in cell extracts, and unloaded Ago2 is unstable and degraded by the lysosome in mammalian cells. Here we identify the co-chaperones Fkbp4 and Fkbp5 as Ago2-associated proteins in mouse embryonic stem cells. Pharmacological inhibition of this interaction using FK506 or siRNA-mediated Fkbp4/5 depletion leads to decreased Ago2 protein levels. We find FK506 treatment inhibits, whereas Fkbp4/5 overexpression promotes, miRNA-mediated stabilization of Ago2 expression. Simultaneous treatment with a lysosome inhibitor revealed the accumulation of unloaded Ago2 complexes in FK506-treated cells. We find that, consistent with unloaded miRNAs being unstable, FK506 treatment also affects miRNA abundance, particularly nascent miRNAs. Our results support a role for Fkbp4/5 in RISC assembly.
Collapse
|
32
|
Chapman KM, Powell HM, Chaudhary J, Shelton JM, Richardson JA, Richardson TE, Hamra FK. Linking spermatid ribonucleic acid (RNA) binding protein and retrogene diversity to reproductive success. Mol Cell Proteomics 2013; 12:3221-36. [PMID: 23938467 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m113.030585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermiogenesis is a postmeiotic process that drives development of round spermatids into fully elongated spermatozoa. Spermatid elongation is largely controlled post-transcriptionally after global silencing of mRNA synthesis from the haploid genome. Here, rats that differentially express EGFP from a lentiviral transgene during early and late steps of spermiogenesis were used to flow sort fractions of round and elongating spermatids. Mass-spectral analysis of 2D gel protein spots enriched >3-fold in each fraction revealed a heterogeneous RNA binding proteome (hnRNPA2/b1, hnRNPA3, hnRPDL, hnRNPK, hnRNPL, hnRNPM, PABPC1, PABPC4, PCBP1, PCBP3, PTBP2, PSIP1, RGSL1, RUVBL2, SARNP2, TDRD6, TDRD7) abundantly expressed in round spermatids prior to their elongation. Notably, each protein within this ontology cluster regulates alternative splicing, sub-cellular transport, degradation and/or translational repression of mRNAs. In contrast, elongating spermatid fractions were enriched with glycolytic enzymes, redox enzymes and protein synthesis factors. Retrogene-encoded proteins were over-represented among the most abundant elongating spermatid factors identified. Consistent with these biochemical activities, plus corresponding histological profiles, the identified RNA processing factors are predicted to collectively drive post-transcriptional expression of an alternative exome that fuels finishing steps of sperm maturation and fitness.
Collapse
|
33
|
Gan H, Cai T, Lin X, Wu Y, Wang X, Yang F, Han C. Integrative proteomic and transcriptomic analyses reveal multiple post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms of mouse spermatogenesis. Mol Cell Proteomics 2013; 12:1144-57. [PMID: 23325766 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m112.020123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian spermatogenesis consists of many cell types and biological processes and serves as an excellent model for studying gene regulation at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Many key proteins, miRNAs, and perhaps piRNAs have been shown to be involved in post-transcriptional regulation of spermatogenesis. However, a systematic method for assessing the relationship between protein and mRNA expression has not been available for studying mechanisms of post-transcriptional regulation. In the present study, we used the iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic approach to identify 2008 proteins in mouse type A spermatogonia, pachytene spermatocytes, round spermatids, and elongative spermatids with high confidence. Of these proteins, 1194 made up four dynamically changing clusters, which reflect the mitotic amplification, meiosis, and post-meiotic development of germ cells. We identified five major regulatory mechanisms termed "transcript only," "transcript degradation," "translation repression," "translation de-repression," and "protein degradation" based on changes in protein level relative to changes in mRNA level at the mitosis/meiosis transition and the meiosis/post-meiotic development transition. We found that post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms are related to the generation of piRNAs and antisense transcripts. Our results provide a valuable inventory of proteins produced during mouse spermatogenesis and contribute to elucidating the mechanisms of the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in mammalian spermatogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyun Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kazak L, Reyes A, Duncan AL, Rorbach J, Wood SR, Brea-Calvo G, Gammage PA, Robinson AJ, Minczuk M, Holt IJ. Alternative translation initiation augments the human mitochondrial proteome. Nucleic Acids Res 2012; 41:2354-69. [PMID: 23275553 PMCID: PMC3575844 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gks1347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative translation initiation (ATI) is a mechanism of producing multiple proteins from a single transcript, which in some cases regulates trafficking of proteins to different cellular compartments, including mitochondria. Application of a genome-wide computational screen predicts a cryptic mitochondrial targeting signal for 126 proteins in mouse and man that is revealed when an AUG codon located downstream from the canonical initiator methionine codon is used as a translation start site, which we term downstream ATI (dATI). Experimental evidence in support of dATI is provided by immunoblotting of endogenous truncated proteins enriched in mitochondrial cell fractions or of co-localization with mitochondria using immunocytochemistry. More detailed cellular localization studies establish mitochondrial targeting of a member of the cytosolic poly(A) binding protein family, PABPC5, and of the RNA/DNA helicase PIF1α. The mitochondrial isoform of PABPC5 co-immunoprecipitates with the mitochondrial poly(A) polymerase, and is markedly reduced in abundance when mitochondrial DNA and RNA are depleted, suggesting it plays a role in RNA metabolism in the organelle. Like PABPC5 and PIF1α, most of the candidates identified by the screen are not currently annotated as mitochondrial proteins, and so dATI expands the human mitochondrial proteome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Kazak
- MRC-Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Building, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Burgess HM, Gray NK. An integrated model for the nucleo-cytoplasmic transport of cytoplasmic poly(A)-binding proteins. Commun Integr Biol 2012; 5:243-7. [PMID: 22896784 PMCID: PMC3419106 DOI: 10.4161/cib.19347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic poly(A)-binding proteins (PABPs) regulate mRNA stability and translation. Although predominantly localized in the cytoplasm, PABP proteins also cycle through the nucleus. Recent work has established that their steady-state localization can be altered by cellular stresses such as ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and infection by several viruses, resulting in nuclear accumulation of PABPs. Here, we present further evidence that their interaction with and release from mRNA and translation complexes are important in determining their sub-cellular distribution and propose an integrated model for regulated nucleo-cytoplasmic transport of PABPs.
Collapse
|
36
|
Vourekas A, Zheng Q, Alexiou P, Maragkakis M, Kirino Y, Gregory BD, Mourelatos Z. Mili and Miwi target RNA repertoire reveals piRNA biogenesis and function of Miwi in spermiogenesis. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2012; 19:773-81. [PMID: 22842725 PMCID: PMC3414646 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.2347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Germ cells implement elaborate mechanisms to protect their genetic material and to regulate gene expression during differentiation. Piwi proteins bind piRNAs, a class of small germline RNAs whose biogenesis and functions are still largely elusive. We employed high throughput sequencing after crosslinking and immunoprecipitation (HITS-CLIP) coupled with RNA-Seq to characterize the genome-wide target RNA repertoire of Mili (Piwil2) and Miwi (Piwil1), two Piwi proteins expressed in mouse postnatal testis. We report the in vivo pathway of primary piRNA biogenesis and implicate distinct nucleolytic activities that process Piwi-bound precursor transcripts. Our studies indicate that pachytene piRNAs are the end products of RNA processing. HITS-CLIP demonstrates that Miwi binds spermiogenic mRNAs directly, without utilizing piRNAs as guides, and independent biochemical analyses of testis mRNA-ribonucleoproteins (mRNPs) establishes that Miwi functions in the formation of mRNP complexes that stabilize mRNAs essential for spermiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastassios Vourekas
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Neuropathology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ozturk S, Guzeloglu-Kayisli O, Demir N, Sozen B, Ilbay O, Lalioti MD, Seli E. Epab and Pabpc1 are differentially expressed during male germ cell development. Reprod Sci 2012; 19:911-22. [PMID: 22814100 DOI: 10.1177/1933719112446086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Modification of poly(A) tail length constitutes the main posttranscriptional mechanism by which gene expression is regulated during spermatogenesis. Embryonic poly(A)-binding protein (EPAB) and somatic cytoplasmic poly(A)-binding protein (PABPC1) are the 2 key proteins implicated in this pathway. In this study we characterized the temporal and spatial expression of Epab and Pabpc1 in immature (D6-D32) and mature (D88) mouse testis and in isolated spermatogenic cells. Both Epab and Pabpc1 expression increased during early postnatal life and reached their peak at D32 testis. This was due to an increase in both spermatogonia (SG) and spermatocytes. In the mature testis, the highest levels of Epab were detected in SG, followed by round spermatids (RSs), while the most prominent Pabpc1 expression was detected in spermatocytes and RSs. Our findings suggest that PABPC1 may play a role in translational regulation of gene expression by cytoplasmic polyadenylation, which occurs in spermatocytes, while both EPAB and PABPC1 may help stabilize stored polyadenylated messenger RNAs in RSs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saffet Ozturk
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8063, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Mosevitsky MI, Snigirevskaya ES, Komissarchik YY. Immunoelectron microscopic study of BASP1 and MARCKS location in the early and late rat spermatids. Acta Histochem 2012; 114:237-43. [PMID: 21764106 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2011.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Revised: 05/12/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Immunoelectron microscopy was used to locate the proteins BASP1 and MARCKS in the post-meiotic spermatids of male rat testis. It was shown that in early spermatids, BASP1 and MARCKS accumulate in chromatoid bodies, which are characteristic organelles for these cells. During spermatogenesis, while the spermatid nucleus is still active, the chromatoid body periodically moves to the cell nucleus and absorbs the precursors of definite mRNAs and small RNAs. mRNAs are preserved in the chromatoid body until the corresponding proteins are needed, but their "fresh" mRNA cannot be formed due to the nucleus inactivation. The chromatoid body (0.5-1.5μm in diameter) has a cloud-like fibrous appearance with many fairly round cavities. In the chromatoid body, BASP1 and MARCKS are distributed mainly around the cavities and at periphery. Based on the known functions of BASP1 and MARCKS in neurons, it is conceivable that these proteins participate in non-random movements of the chromatoid body to the nucleus and in Ca(2+)-calmodulin enrichment. In late spermatids, BASP1 and MARCKS are located in the outer dense fiber layer belonging to a metabolically active spermatozoon region, the tail mid-piece. In spermatozoa, as in chromatoid body, BASP1 and MARCKS may bind Ca(2+)-calmodulin and therefore contribute to the activation of calcium-dependent biochemical processes.
Collapse
|
39
|
Delbes G, Yanagiya A, Sonenberg N, Robaire B. PABP interacting protein 2A (PAIP2A) regulates specific key proteins during spermiogenesis in the mouse. Biol Reprod 2012; 86:95. [PMID: 22190698 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.111.092619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
During spermiogenesis, expression of the specific proteins needed for proper differentiation of male germ cells is under translational control. We have shown that PAIP2A is a major translational regulator involved in the maturation of male germ cells and male fertility. To identify the proteins controlled by PAIP2A during spermiogenesis, we characterized the proteomic profiles of elongated spermatids from wild-type (WT) mice and mice that were Paip2a/Paip2b double-null mutants (DKO). Elongated spermatid populations were obtained and proteins were extracted and separated on gradient polyacrylamide gels. The gels were digested with trypsin and peptides were identified by mass spectrometry. We identified 632 proteins with at least two unique peptides and a confidence level of 95%. Only 209 proteins were consistently detected in WT or DKO replicates with more than five spectra. Twenty-nine proteins were differentially expressed with at least a 1.5-fold change; 10 and 19 proteins were down- and up-regulated, respectively, in DKO compared to WT mice. We confirmed the significantly different expression levels of three proteins, EIF4G1, AKAP4, and HK1, by Western blot analysis. We have characterized novel proteins that have their expression controlled by PAIP2A; of these, 50% are involved in flagellar structure and sperm motility. Although several proteins affected by abrogation of Paip2a have established roles in reproduction, the roles of many others remain to be determined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geraldine Delbes
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Nagamori I, Cruickshank VA, Sassone-Corsi P. Regulation of an RNA granule during spermatogenesis: acetylation of MVH in the chromatoid body of germ cells. J Cell Sci 2012; 124:4346-55. [PMID: 22223882 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.096461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
During mammalian spermatogenesis, the mouse VASA homolog (MVH; also known as DDX4), a germ-cell-specific DEAD-box type RNA-binding protein, localizes in a germline-specific RNA granule termed the chromatoid body (CB). Genetic analyses have revealed that MVH is essential for progression through spermatogenesis, although the molecular mechanisms of its function remain elusive. We found that the acetyltransferase Hat1, and its cofactor, p46, are specifically colocalized with MVH in the CB and acetylate MVH at Lys405, leading to inactivation of its RNA-binding activity. Notably, the acetylation is developmentally regulated, paralleling the temporally regulated colocalization of Hat1 and p46 in the CB. We have identified 858 mRNAs as MVH targets, a large proportion of which correspond to previously known translationally arrested genes. Importantly, eIF4B mRNA, a target of MVH, is selectively released from the MVH-ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex when MVH is acetylated, paralleling an increase in eIF4B protein. These findings reveal a previously unknown signaling pathway that links acetylation to RNA processing in the control of spermatogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ippei Nagamori
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kruse S, Zhong S, Bodi Z, Button J, Alcocer MJC, Hayes CJ, Fray R. A novel synthesis and detection method for cap-associated adenosine modifications in mouse mRNA. Sci Rep 2011; 1:126. [PMID: 22355643 PMCID: PMC3216607 DOI: 10.1038/srep00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A method is described for the detection of certain nucleotide modifications adjacent to the 5' 7-methyl guanosine cap of mRNAs from individual genes. The method quantitatively measures the relative abundance of 2'-O-methyl and N6,2'-O-dimethyladenosine, two of the most common modifications. In order to identify and quantitatify the amounts of N6,2'-O-dimethyladenosine, a novel method for the synthesis of modified adenosine phosphoramidites was developed. This method is a one step synthesis and the product can directly be used for the production of N6,2'-O-dimethyladenosine containing RNA oligonucleotides. The nature of the cap-adjacent nucleotides were shown to be characteristic for mRNAs from individual genes transcribed in liver and testis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Kruse
- School of Chemistry, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Kleene KC, Cullinane DL. Maybe repressed mRNAs are not stored in the chromatoid body in mammalian spermatids. Reproduction 2011; 142:383-8. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-11-0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The chromatoid body is a dynamic organelle that is thought to coordinate the cytoplasmic regulation of mRNA translation and degradation in mammalian spermatids. The chromatoid body is also postulated to function in repression of mRNA translation by sequestering dormant mRNAs where they are inaccessible to the translational apparatus. This review finds no convincing evidence that dormant mRNAs are localized exclusively in the chromatoid body. This discrepancy can be explained by two hypotheses. First, experimental artifacts, possibly related to peculiarities of the structure and function of the chromatoid body, preclude obtaining an accurate indication of mRNA localization. Second, mRNA is not stored in the chromatoid body, because, like perinuclear P granules in Caenorhabditis elegans, the chromatoid body functions as a center for mRNP remodeling and export to other cytoplasmic sites.
Collapse
|
43
|
Wang Y, Stary JM, Wilhelm JE, Newmark PA. A functional genomic screen in planarians identifies novel regulators of germ cell development. Genes Dev 2010; 24:2081-92. [PMID: 20844018 DOI: 10.1101/gad.1951010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Germ cells serve as intriguing examples of differentiated cells that retain the capacity to generate all cell types of an organism. Here we used functional genomic approaches in planarians to identify genes required for proper germ cell development. We conducted microarray analyses and in situ hybridization to discover and validate germ cell-enriched transcripts, and then used RNAi to screen for genes required for discrete stages of germ cell development. The majority of genes we identified encode conserved RNA-binding proteins, several of which have not been implicated previously in germ cell development. We also show that a germ cell-specific subunit of the conserved transcription factor CCAAT-binding protein/nuclear factor-Y is required for maintaining spermatogonial stem cells. Our results demonstrate that conserved transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms regulate germ cell development in planarians. These findings suggest that studies of planarians will inform our understanding of germ cell biology in higher organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Wang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Yanagiya A, Delbes G, Svitkin YV, Robaire B, Sonenberg N. The poly(A)-binding protein partner Paip2a controls translation during late spermiogenesis in mice. J Clin Invest 2010; 120:3389-400. [PMID: 20739757 DOI: 10.1172/jci43350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2010] [Accepted: 07/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Translational control plays a key role in late spermiogenesis. A number of mRNAs encoding proteins required for late spermiogenesis are expressed in early spermatids but are stored as translationally inactive messenger ribonucleoprotein particles (mRNPs). The translation of these mRNAs is associated with shortening of their poly(A) tail in late spermiogenesis. Poly(A)-binding protein (Pabp) plays an important role in mRNA stabilization and translation. Three Pabp-interacting proteins, Paip1, Paip2a, and Paip2b, have been described. Paip2a is expressed in late spermatids. To investigate the role of Paip2 in spermiogenesis, we generated mice with knockout of either Paip2a or Paip2b and double-KO (DKO) mice lacking both Paip2a and Paip2b. Paip2a-KO and Paip2a/Paip2b-DKO mice exhibited male infertility. Translation of several mRNAs encoding proteins essential to male germ cell development was inhibited in late spermiogenesis in Paip2a/Paip2b-DKO mice, resulting in defective elongated spermatids. Inhibition of translation in Paip2a/Paip2b-DKO mice was caused by aberrant increased expression of Pabp, which impaired the interaction between eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) and the cap structure at the 5' end of the mRNA. We therefore propose a model whereby efficient mRNA translation in late spermiogenesis occurs at an optimal concentration of Pabp, a condition not fulfilled in Paip2a/Paip2b-DKO mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Yanagiya
- Department of Biochemistry and Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Meikar O, Da Ros M, Liljenbäck H, Toppari J, Kotaja N. Accumulation of piRNAs in the chromatoid bodies purified by a novel isolation protocol. Exp Cell Res 2010; 316:1567-75. [PMID: 20219458 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2010.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2009] [Revised: 02/02/2010] [Accepted: 02/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Haploid male germ cells are featured by an intriguing cytoplasmic cloud-like structure that has been named as chromatoid body (CB) on the basis of its staining properties and appearance under a microscope. Notwithstanding its early discovery in the late 19th century, the function of the CB is still largely obscure. Emerging evidence suggests a role for the CB and other similar RNA-containing granules, such as germ plasm in lower organism and processing bodies in somatic cells, in the control and organization of RNA processing and/or storage. Despite the increasing scientific demand, the lack of CB purification protocols has still been the main obstacle in the functional characterization of this structure. We have successfully isolated CBs from mouse testis by a novel immunoaffinity purification procedure and validated by several different methods that pure CB fractions are obtained. Analysis of the CB RNA content reveals enrichment of PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), further emphasizing the role of CB as the RNA processing body.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Meikar
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Konno A, Padma P, Ushimaru Y, Inaba K. Multidimensional Analysis of Uncharacterized Sperm Proteins inCiona intestinalis: EST-Based Analysis and Functional Immunoscreening of Testis-Expressed Genes. Zoolog Sci 2010; 27:204-15. [DOI: 10.2108/zsj.27.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
47
|
Brook M, Smith JWS, Gray NK. The DAZL and PABP families: RNA-binding proteins with interrelated roles in translational control in oocytes. Reproduction 2009; 137:595-617. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-08-0524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Gametogenesis is a highly complex process that requires the exquisite temporal, spatial and amplitudinal regulation of gene expression at multiple levels. Translational regulation is important in a wide variety of cell types but may be even more prevalent in germ cells, where periods of transcriptional quiescence necessitate the use of post-transcriptional mechanisms to effect changes in gene expression. Consistent with this, studies in multiple animal models have revealed an essential role for mRNA translation in the establishment and maintenance of reproductive competence. While studies in humans are less advanced, emerging evidence suggests that translational regulation plays a similarly important role in human germ cells and fertility. This review highlights specific mechanisms of translational regulation that play critical roles in oogenesis by activating subsets of mRNAs. These mRNAs are activated in a strictly determined temporal manner via elements located within their 3′UTR, which serve as binding sites fortrans-acting factors. While we concentrate on oogenesis, these regulatory events also play important roles during spermatogenesis. In particular, we focus on the deleted in azoospermia-like (DAZL) family of proteins, recently implicated in the translational control of specific mRNAs in germ cells; their relationship with the general translation initiation factor poly(A)-binding protein (PABP) and the process of cytoplasmic mRNA polyadenylation.
Collapse
|