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Li MY, Wang Y, Wu Y, Zhao XY, Yang ZS, Li B, Chen ST, He YY, Yang ZM. Blastocyst-Derived Lactic Acid May Regulate S100A6 Expression and Function in Mouse Decidualization via Stimulation of Uterine Epithelial Arachidonic Acid Secretion. Cells 2024; 13:206. [PMID: 38334598 PMCID: PMC10854550 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Inflammatory responses are implicated in embryo implantation, decidualization, pregnancy maintenance and labor. Both embryo implantation and decidualization are essential to successful pregnancy in rodents and primates. S100A6 is involved in inflammation, tumor development, apoptosis and calcium homeostasis. S100A6 is strongly expressed in mouse decidua, but the underlying mechanisms of how S100A6 regulates implantation and decidualization are poorly defined. (2) Methods: Mouse endometrial stromal and epithelial cells are isolated from day 4 pseudopregnant mouse uteri. Both immunofluorescence and Western blotting are used to analyze the expression and localization of proteins. The molecular mechanism is verified in vitro by Western blotting and the quantitative polymerase chain reaction. (3) Results: From days 4 to 8 of pregnancy, S100A6 is specifically expressed in mouse subluminal stromal cells. Blastocyst-derived lactic acid induces AA secretion by activating the luminal epithelial p-cPLA2. The epithelial AA induces stromal S100A6 expression through the COX2/PGI2/PPAR δ pathway. Progesterone regulates S100A6 expression through the progesterone receptor (PR). S100A6/RAGE signaling can regulate decidualization via EGFR/ERK1/2 in vitro. (4) Conclusions: S100A6, as an inflammatory mediator, is important for mouse implantation and decidualization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yuan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.-Y.L.)
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.-Y.L.)
| | - Ying Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.-Y.L.)
| | - Xu-Yu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.-Y.L.)
| | - Zhen-Shan Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.-Y.L.)
| | - Bo Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.-Y.L.)
| | - Si-Ting Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.-Y.L.)
| | - Yu-Ying He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.-Y.L.)
| | - Zeng-Ming Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.-Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountain Region, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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Yomogita H, Miyasaka N, Kanai-Azuma M. A Review of Delayed Delivery Models and the Analysis Method in Mice. J Dev Biol 2022; 10:jdb10020020. [PMID: 35645296 PMCID: PMC9149829 DOI: 10.3390/jdb10020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, the incidence of post-term delivery is 1–10%. Post-term delivery significantly increases the risk of cesarean section or neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission. Despite these serious challenges, the cause of prolonged delivery remains unclear. Several common factors of delayed parturition between mice and humans will help elucidate the mechanisms of pregnancy and labor. At present, gene modification techniques are rapidly developing; however, there are limited reviews available describing the mouse phenotype analysis as a human model for post-term delivery. We classified the delayed-labor mice into nine types according to their causes. In mice, progesterone (P₄) maintains pregnancy, and the most common cause of delayed labor is luteolysis failure. Other contributing factors include humoral molecules in the fetus/placenta, uterine contractile dysfunction, poor cervical ripening, and delayed implantation. The etiology of delayed parturition is overexpression of the pregnancy maintenance mechanism or suppression of the labor induction mechanism. Here, we describe how to investigated their causes using mouse genetic analysis. In addition, we generated a list to identify the causes. Our review will help understand the findings obtained using the mouse model, providing a foundation for conducting more systematic research on delayed delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Yomogita
- Department of Perinatal and Women’s Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; (H.Y.); (N.M.)
- Center for Experimental Animals, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Miyasaka
- Department of Perinatal and Women’s Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; (H.Y.); (N.M.)
| | - Masami Kanai-Azuma
- Center for Experimental Animals, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +813-3813-6111
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3
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Zhao R, Lv Y, Feng T, Zhang R, Ge L, Pan J, Han B, Song G, Wang L. ATF6α promotes prostate cancer progression by enhancing PLA2G4A-mediated arachidonic acid metabolism and protecting tumor cells against ferroptosis. Prostate 2022; 82:617-629. [PMID: 35089606 PMCID: PMC9303695 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the clinical success of androgen receptor (AR)-targeted therapies, prostate cancer (PCa) inevitably progresses to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Transcription factor 6 α (ATF6α), an effector of the unfolded protein response (UPR) that modulates the cellular response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, has been linked to tumor development, metastasis, and relapse. However, the role of ATF6α in CRPC remains unclear. METHODS The effect of ATF6α on the CRPC-like phenotype in PCa cells was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carb-Oxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium inner salt (MTS), 5-Bromo-2-deoxyUridine (BrdU) incorporation analysis, and cell death assay. Mechanistically, bioinformatic analysis was utilized to evaluate the potential of PLA2G4A as the target of ATF6α. Moreover, Western blot analysis, real-time polymerase chain reaction, chromatin immunoprecipitation, arachidonic acid (AA), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) assays were performed to identify the regulatory effect of ATF6α on PLA2G4A. RESULTS In this study, we found that the increase of ATF6α expression in response to androgen deprivation generates PCa cells with a CRPC-like phenotype. PCa cells with high levels of ATF6α expression are resistant to ferroptosis, and genetic and pharmacological inhibition of ATF6α could, therefore, promote the ferroptotic death of tumor cells and delay PCa progression. Molecular analyses linked ATF6α regulation of ferroptosis to the PLA2G4A-mediated release of AA and the resulting increase in PGE2 production, the latter of which acts as an antiferroptotic factor. CONCLUSIONS This study defines ATF6α as a novel antiferroptotic regulator that exacerbates PCa progression. In addition, our data establish ATF6α-PLA2G4A signaling as an important pathological pathway in PCa, and targeting this pathway may be a novel treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Zhao
- Department of PathologyShandong University Medical SchoolJinanChina
| | - Ye Lv
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life SciencesShandong Normal UniversityJinanChina
| | - Tingting Feng
- Department of PathologyShandong University Medical SchoolJinanChina
| | - Ruojia Zhang
- Key Lab for Biotech‐Drugs of National Health Commission, Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology CentreShandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinanChina
| | - Luna Ge
- Key Lab for Biotech‐Drugs of National Health Commission, Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology CentreShandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinanChina
- Department of OncologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical UniversityJinanChina
| | - Jihong Pan
- Key Lab for Biotech‐Drugs of National Health Commission, Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology CentreShandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinanChina
- Department of OncologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical UniversityJinanChina
| | - Bo Han
- Department of PathologyShandong University Medical SchoolJinanChina
| | - Guanhua Song
- Institute of Basic MedicineShandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinanChina
| | - Lin Wang
- Key Lab for Biotech‐Drugs of National Health Commission, Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology CentreShandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinanChina
- Department of OncologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical UniversityJinanChina
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Park HK, Park SH, Lee M, Kim GR, Park M, Yang SC, Kim YS, Lim HJ, Kim HR, Song H. Secretory phospholipase A2-X (Pla2g10) is a novel progesterone receptor target gene exclusively induced in uterine luminal epithelium for uterine receptivity in mice. Cell Biosci 2020; 10:132. [PMID: 33292460 PMCID: PMC7678068 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-020-00495-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberration of estrogen (E2) and/or progesterone (P4) signaling pathways affects expression of their target genes, which may lead to failure of embryo implantation and following pregnancy. Although many target genes of progesterone receptors (PRs) have been identified in uterine stroma, only a few PR targets have been reported in the epithelium. Secretory phospholipase A2-(PLA2)-X, a member of the PLA2 family that releases arachidonic acids for the synthesis of prostaglandins that are important for embryo implantation, is dysregulated in the endometrium of patients suffering from repeated implantation failure. However, it is not clear whether sPLA2-X is directly regulated by ovarian steroid hormones for embryo implantation in the uterus. RESULT P4 induced the Pla2g10 encoding of secretory PLA2-X in the apical region of uterine LE of ovariectomized mice via PR in both time- and dose-dependent manners, whereas E2 significantly inhibited it. This finding is consistent with the higher expression of Pla2g10 at the diestrus stage, when P4 is elevated during the estrous cycle, and at P4-treated delayed implantation. The level of Pla2g10 on day 4 of pregnancy (day 4) was dramatically decreased on day 5, when PRs are absent in the LE. Luciferase assays of mutagenesis in uterine epithelial cells demonstrated that four putative PR response elements in a Pla2g10 promoter region are transcriptionally active for Pla2g10. Intrauterine delivery of small interfering RNA for Pla2g10 on day 3 significantly reduced the number of implantation sites, reinforcing the critical function(s) of Pla2g10 for uterine receptivity in mice. CONCLUSIONS Pla2g10 is a novel PR target gene whose expression is exclusively localized in the apical region of the uterine LE for uterine receptivity for embryo implantation in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Kyoung Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do, Seongnam-si, 13488, Republic of Korea
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Collage of Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon, 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - So Hee Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do, Seongnam-si, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Miji Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do, Seongnam-si, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong Ryeong Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do, Seongnam-si, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Mira Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do, Seongnam-si, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Chel Yang
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do, Seongnam-si, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Sun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do, Seongnam-si, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjung J Lim
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Ryun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do, Seongnam-si, 13488, Republic of Korea.
| | - Haengseok Song
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do, Seongnam-si, 13488, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Teasley HE, Jeong MP, Kim TH. A calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) expression is regulated by MIG-6 during endometrial tumorigenesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 511:129-134. [PMID: 30773264 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The ovarian steroid hormones, estrogen (E2) and progesterone (P4), are essential regulators of uterine biology. The imbalance of these ovarian steroid hormones leads to uterine diseases such as endometrial cancer, endometriosis, and infertility. Mitogen-inducible gene 6 (MIG-6) is an adaptor protein. MIG-6 mediates P4 signaling and acts as a tumor suppressor during endometrial tumorigenesis in both humans and mice. In previous studies, we developed the conditional knockout of Mig-6 in all uterine compartments (Pgrcre/+Mig-6f/f; Mig-6KO) and endometrial epithelial cell-specific Mig-6 knockout (Sprr2fcre/+Mig-6f/f; Mig-6Ep-KO) mice. Both mouse models developed endometrial hyperplasia and E2-dependent endometrial cancer. P4 treatment significantly decreases aberrant epithelial proliferation and AKT signaling in Mig-6Ep-KO mice but not in Mig-6KO mice. In the present study, we identified a calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 (cPla2) as one of the genes down-regulated by Mig-6 in the uterus. We performed immunohistochemistry and Western Blot analysis to investigate the regulation of cPLA2 by MIG-6 as well as determine the expression patterns of cPLA2 in the uterus. While the expression of cPLA2 was stronger at the uterine epithelial cells of Mig-6KO and Mig-6Ep-KO mice compared to control mice, P4 suppressed the expression of cPLA2 in Mig-6Ep-KO mice but not in Mig-6KO mice. To determine the ovarian steroid hormone regulation of cPLA2, we examined the expression of cPLA2 in ovariectomized control, Mig-6KO, Mig-6Ep-KO, and PRKO mice treated with P4 or E2. After P4 treatment, cPLA2 expression was remarkably reduced in Mig-6Ep-KO mice but not in Mig-6KO mice. However, the expression of cPLA2 was not changed in PRKO mice. Our results identified cPLA2 as a novel target of MIG-6 in the murine uterus and identified its important role during endometrial tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna E Teasley
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Munseok Paul Jeong
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Tae Hoon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA.
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Tang H, Wang L, Chen Y, He J, Qu L, Guo Y, Liu Y, Liu X, Lin H. Ovulation is associated with the LH-dependent induction of pla2g4aa in zebrafish. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 473:53-60. [PMID: 29326060 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The effects of the preovulatory luteinizing hormone (LH) surge on the ovulatory process are mediated by prostaglandins (PGs), the synthesis of which involves prostaglandin synthetase and cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2). In our previous study, we systematically investigated the function of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase (ptgs) genes on ovulation in zebrafish. However, the role of cPLA2 in ovulation was not determined in zebrafish. In this study, we investigated the function of cpla2α in PGs production and ovulation in periovulatory follicles. Our data showed that the expression of pla2g4aa increased during zebrafish folliculogenesis and the follicular layer was the primary region with expression of pla2g4aa. In addition, the expression of pla2g4aa was regulated by LH in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, injection of AACOCF3, a specific inhibitor of cPLA2, significantly reduced ovarian PGs level and blocked hCG-induced ovulation. Collectively, these findings suggest that pla2g4aa is related to the ovulation process in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Le Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jianan He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Ling Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xiaochun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Haoran Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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7
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Herington JL, O’Brien C, Robuck MF, Lei W, Brown N, Slaughter JC, Paria BC, Mahadevan-Jansen A, Reese J. Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase 1 Mediates the Timing of Parturition in Mice Despite Unhindered Uterine Contractility. Endocrinology 2018; 159:490-505. [PMID: 29029054 PMCID: PMC5761592 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase (COX)-derived prostaglandins stimulate uterine contractions and prepare the cervix for parturition. Prior reports suggest Cox-1 knockout (KO) mice exhibit delayed parturition due to impaired luteolysis, yet the mechanism for late-onset delivery remains unclear. Here, we examined key factors for normal onset of parturition to determine whether any could account for the delayed parturition phenotype. Pregnant Cox-1KO mice did not display altered timing of embryo implantation or postimplantation growth. Although messenger RNAs of contraction-associated proteins (CAPs) were differentially expressed between Cox-1KO and wild-type (WT) myometrium, there were no differences in CAP agonist-induced intracellular calcium release, spontaneous or oxytocin (OT)-induced ex vivo uterine contractility, or in vivo uterine contractile pressure. Delayed parturition in Cox-1KO mice persisted despite exogenous OT treatment. Progesterone (P4) withdrawal, by ovariectomy or administration of the P4-antagonist RU486, diminished the delayed parturition phenotype of Cox-1KO mice. Because antepartum P4 levels do not decline in Cox-1KO females, P4-treated WT mice were examined for the effect of this hormone on in vivo uterine contractility and ex vivo cervical dilation. P4-treated WT mice had delayed parturition but normal uterine contractility. Cervical distensibility was decreased in Cox-1KO mice on the day of expected delivery and reduced in WT mice with long-term P4 treatment. Collectively, these findings show that delayed parturition in Cox-1KO mice is the result of impaired luteolysis and cervical dilation, despite the presence of strong uterine contractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Herington
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Christine O’Brien
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Michael F. Robuck
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Wei Lei
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215007, China
| | - Naoko Brown
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - James C. Slaughter
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232
| | - Bibhash C. Paria
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | | | - Jeff Reese
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
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Leslie CC. Cytosolic phospholipase A₂: physiological function and role in disease. J Lipid Res 2015; 56:1386-402. [PMID: 25838312 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r057588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The group IV phospholipase A2 (PLA2) family is comprised of six intracellular enzymes (GIVA, -B, -C, -D, -E, and -F) commonly referred to as cytosolic PLA2 (cPLA2)α, -β, -γ, -δ, -ε, and -ζ. They contain a Ser-Asp catalytic dyad and all except cPLA2γ have a C2 domain, but differences in their catalytic activities and subcellular localization suggest unique regulation and function. With the exception of cPLA2α, the focus of this review, little is known about the in vivo function of group IV enzymes. cPLA2α catalyzes the hydrolysis of phospholipids to arachidonic acid and lysophospholipids that are precursors of numerous bioactive lipids. The regulation of cPLA2α is complex, involving transcriptional and posttranslational processes, particularly increases in calcium and phosphorylation. cPLA2α is a highly conserved widely expressed enzyme that promotes lipid mediator production in human and rodent cells from a variety of tissues. The diverse bioactive lipids produced as a result of cPLA2α activation regulate normal physiological processes and disease pathogenesis in many organ systems, as shown using cPLA2α KO mice. However, humans recently identified with cPLA2α deficiency exhibit more pronounced effects on health than observed in mice lacking cPLA2α, indicating that much remains to be learned about this interesting enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina C Leslie
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206; and Departments of Pathology and Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045
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9
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Timmons BC, Reese J, Socrate S, Ehinger N, Paria BC, Milne GL, Akins ML, Auchus RJ, McIntire D, House M, Mahendroo M. Prostaglandins are essential for cervical ripening in LPS-mediated preterm birth but not term or antiprogestin-driven preterm ripening. Endocrinology 2014; 155:287-98. [PMID: 24189143 PMCID: PMC3868800 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Globally, an estimated 13 million preterm babies are born each year. These babies are at increased risk of infant mortality and life-long health complications. Interventions to prevent preterm birth (PTB) require an understanding of processes driving parturition. Prostaglandins (PGs) have diverse functions in parturition, including regulation of uterine contractility and tissue remodeling. Our studies on cervical remodeling in mice suggest that although local synthesis of PGs are not increased in term ripening, transcripts encoding PG-endoperoxide synthase 2 (Ptgs2) are induced in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated premature ripening. This study provides evidence for two distinct pathways of cervical ripening: one dependent on PGs derived from paracrine or endocrine sources and the other independent of PG actions. Cervical PG levels are increased in LPS-treated mice, a model of infection-mediated PTB, consistent with increases in PG synthesizing enzymes and reduction in PG-metabolizing enzymes. Administration of SC-236, a PTGS2 inhibitor, along with LPS attenuated cervical softening, consistent with the essential role of PGs in LPS-induced ripening. In contrast, during term and preterm ripening mediated by the antiprogestin, mifepristone, cervical PG levels, and expression of PG synthetic and catabolic enzymes did not change in a manner that supports a role for PGs. These findings in mice, supported by correlative studies in women, suggest PGs do not regulate all aspects of the parturition process. Additionally, it suggests a need to refocus current strategies toward developing therapies for the prevention of PTB that target early, pathway-specific processes rather than focusing on common late end point mediators of PTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda C Timmons
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences (B.C.T., M.L.A., D.M., M.M.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75235; Department of Pediatrics, Cell, and Developmental Biology (J.R., N.E., B.C.P.) and Eicosanoid Core Laboratory (G.L.M.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37221; Department of Mechanical Engineering (S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307; Department of Internal Medicine (R.J.A.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.H.), Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02111
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10
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Kurusu S, Sapirstein A, Bonventre JV. Group IVA phospholipase A₂ optimizes ovulation and fertilization in rodents through induction of and metabolic coupling with prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 2. FASEB J 2012; 26:3800-10. [PMID: 22673578 PMCID: PMC3425826 DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-203968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Female mice lacking group IVA phospholipase A(2) (Pla2g4a(-/-)) have a smaller litter size, which is due, in part, to defective implantation. We examined PLA(2)G4A dependence of the processes of ovulation and fertilization. Following induction of ovulation by equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG)/human CG (hCG) treatment and mating, ovulation and fertilization rates were reduced significantly in Pla2g4a(-/-) mice as compared to wild-type littermates. Human CG triggered robust ovarian prostaglandin (PG) E(2) production in the preovulatory period that was significantly attenuated in Pla2g4a(-/-) mice. Human CG transiently enhanced ovarian expression of PLA(2)G4A and prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) in wild-type mice. This PTGS2 induction was decreased in Pla2g4a(-/-) mice and also in immature rats treated with the PLA(2)G4A inhibitor, archidonyl trifluoromethyl ketone. A close spatiotemporal association of PLA(2)G4A with PTGS2 was found in mouse and rat preovulatory follicles examined by immunohistochemistry. Less association was observed with 4 other forms of PLA(2). Our data strongly suggest that PLA(2)G4A amplifies hCG induction of PTGS2 and colocalizes with the induced PTGS2, thus contributing to robust PG production required for optimal ovulation and fertilization in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Kurusu
- Department of Medicine and
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Kitasato University School of Veterinary Medicine, Towada, Japan
| | - Adam Sapirstein
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, and
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; and
| | - Joseph V. Bonventre
- Department of Medicine and
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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