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Ni J, Li X, Tu X, Zhu H, Wang S, Hou Y, Dou H. Halofuginone ameliorates systemic lupus erythematosus by targeting Blk in myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 114:109487. [PMID: 36493694 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystemic, inflammatory autoimmune disease. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of immature myeloid cells participated in the pathogenesis of SLE. MDSCs has been considered a potential therapeutic target for lupus. As traditional Chinese medicine, Halofuginone (HF) has the extensive immunomodulatory effects on some autoimmune disorders. Our research was dedicated to discovering therapeutic efficacy of HF for lupus to explore novel mechanisms on MDSCs. We found that HF prominently alleviated the systemic symptoms especially nephritis in Imiquimod-induced lupus mice, and simultaneously repaired the immune system, reflected in the alteration of autoantibodies. HF diminished the quantity of MDSCs in lupus mice, and induced apoptosis of MDSCs. Through RNA sequencing performed on the sorted MDSC from lupus mice and HF-treated lupus mice, B lymphoid tyrosine kinase (Blk, a non-receptor cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase) was screened as the target molecule of HF. It's proven that HF had two independent effects on Blk. On the one hand, HF increased the mRNA expression of Blk in MDSCs by inhibiting the nuclear translocation of p65/p50 heterodimer. On the other hand, HF enhanced the kinase activity of Blk in MDSCs through direct molecular binding. We further investigated that Blk suppressed the phosphorylation of downstream ERK signaling pathway to increase the apoptosis of MDSCs. In conclusion, our study illustrated that HF alleviated the disease progression of lupus mice by targeting Blk to promote the apoptosis of MDSCs, which indicated the immunotherapeutic potential of HF to treat lupus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Ni
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Xiaodi Tu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Haiyan Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Shiqi Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Yayi Hou
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing, 210093, PR China.
| | - Huan Dou
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing, 210093, PR China.
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Torres-Vargas JA, Cheng-Sánchez I, Martínez-Poveda B, Medina MÁ, Sarabia F, García-Caballero M, Quesada AR. Characterization of the activity and the mechanism of action of a new toluquinol derivative with improved potential as an antiangiogenic drug. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113759. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Zuo R, Zhang Y, Chen X, Hu S, Song X, Gao X, Gong J, Ji H, Yang F, Peng L, Fang K, Lv Y, Zhang J, Jiang S, Guo D. Orally Administered Halofuginone-Loaded TPGS Polymeric Micelles Against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Enhanced Absorption and Efficacy with Reduced Toxicity and Metastasis. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:2475-2491. [PMID: 35668999 PMCID: PMC9166452 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s352538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Halofuginone (HF)-loaded TPGS polymeric micelles (HTPM) were successfully fabricated using the thin-film hydration technique. HTPM via intravenous injection have been demonstrated to exert an excellent anticancer effect against triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells and subcutaneous xenografts. In the present study, we further explored the potential treatment effect and mechanism of orally administered HTPM alone and in combination with surgical therapy on TNBC in subcutaneous and orthotopic mouse models. Methods Herein, the stability and in vitro release behavior of HTPM were first evaluated in the simulated gastrointestinal fluids. Caco-2 cell monolayers were then used to investigate the absorption and transport patterns of HF with/without encapsulation in TPGS polymeric micelles. Subsequently, the therapeutic effect of orally administered HTPM was checked on subcutaneous xenografts of TNBC in nude mice. Ultimately, orally administered HTPM, combined with surgical therapy, were utilized to treat orthotopic TNBC in nude mice. Results Our data confirmed that HTPM exhibited good stability and sustained release in the simulated gastrointestinal fluids. HF was authenticated to be a substrate of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), and its permeability across Caco-2 cell monolayers was markedly enhanced via heightening intracellular absorption and inhibiting P-gp efflux due to encapsulation in TPGS polymeric micelles. Compared with HF alone, HTPM showed stronger tumor-suppressing effects in subcutaneous xenografts of MDA-MB-231 cells when orally administered. Moreover, compared with HTPM or surgical therapy alone, peroral HTPM combined with partial surgical excision synergistically retarded the growth of orthotopic TNBC. Fundamentally, HTPM orally administered at the therapeutic dose did not cause any pathological injury, while HF alone led to weight loss and jejunal bleeding in the investigated mice. Conclusion Taken together, HTPM could be applied as a potential anticancer agent for TNBC by oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runan Zuo
- Engineering Center of Innovative Veterinary Drugs, Center for Veterinary Drug Research and Evaluation, MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Engineering Center of Innovative Veterinary Drugs, Center for Veterinary Drug Research and Evaluation, MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaorong Chen
- Engineering Center of Innovative Veterinary Drugs, Center for Veterinary Drug Research and Evaluation, MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiheng Hu
- Engineering Center of Innovative Veterinary Drugs, Center for Veterinary Drug Research and Evaluation, MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinhao Song
- Engineering Center of Innovative Veterinary Drugs, Center for Veterinary Drug Research and Evaluation, MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuge Gao
- Engineering Center of Innovative Veterinary Drugs, Center for Veterinary Drug Research and Evaluation, MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiahao Gong
- Engineering Center of Innovative Veterinary Drugs, Center for Veterinary Drug Research and Evaluation, MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Ji
- Engineering Center of Innovative Veterinary Drugs, Center for Veterinary Drug Research and Evaluation, MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengzhu Yang
- Engineering Center of Innovative Veterinary Drugs, Center for Veterinary Drug Research and Evaluation, MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Peng
- Engineering Center of Innovative Veterinary Drugs, Center for Veterinary Drug Research and Evaluation, MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kun Fang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingjun Lv
- Engineering Center of Innovative Veterinary Drugs, Center for Veterinary Drug Research and Evaluation, MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junren Zhang
- Engineering Center of Innovative Veterinary Drugs, Center for Veterinary Drug Research and Evaluation, MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shanxiang Jiang
- Engineering Center of Innovative Veterinary Drugs, Center for Veterinary Drug Research and Evaluation, MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dawei Guo
- Engineering Center of Innovative Veterinary Drugs, Center for Veterinary Drug Research and Evaluation, MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People’s Republic of China
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Jain PP, Zhao T, Xiong M, Song S, Lai N, Zheng Q, Chen J, Carr SG, Babicheva A, Izadi A, Rodriguez M, Rahimi S, Balistrieri F, Rahimi S, Simonson T, Valdez-Jasso D, Thistlethwaite PA, Shyy JYJ, Wang J, Makino A, Yuan JXJ. Halofuginone, a promising drug for treatment of pulmonary hypertension. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:3373-3394. [PMID: 33694155 PMCID: PMC9792225 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Halofuginone is a febrifugine derivative originally isolated from Chinese traditional herb Chang Shan that exhibits anti-hypertrophic, anti-fibrotic and anti-proliferative effects. We sought to investigate whether halofuginone induced pulmonary vasodilation and attenuates chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (HPH). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Patch-clamp experiments were conducted to examine the activity of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels (VDCCs) in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Digital fluorescence microscopy was used to measure intracellular Ca2+ concentration in PASMCs. Isolated perfused and ventilated mouse lungs were used to measure pulmonary artery pressure (PAP). Mice exposed to hypoxia (10% O2 ) for 4 weeks were used as model of HPH for in vivo experiments. KEY RESULTS Halofuginone increased voltage-gated K+ (Kv ) currents in PASMCs and K+ currents through KCNA5 channels in HEK cells transfected with KCNA5 gene. HF (0.03-1 μM) inhibited receptor-operated Ca2+ entry in HEK cells transfected with calcium-sensing receptor gene and attenuated store-operated Ca2+ entry in PASMCs. Acute (3-5 min) intrapulmonary application of halofuginone significantly and reversibly inhibited alveolar hypoxia-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction dose-dependently (0.1-10 μM). Intraperitoneal administration of halofuginone (0.3 mg·kg-1 , for 2 weeks) partly reversed established PH in mice. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Halofuginone is a potent pulmonary vasodilator by activating Kv channels and blocking VDCC and receptor-operated and store-operated Ca2+ channels in PASMCs. The therapeutic effect of halofuginone on experimental PH is probably due to combination of its vasodilator effects, via inhibition of excitation-contraction coupling and anti-proliferative effects, via inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritesh P. Jain
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Tengteng Zhao
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Mingmei Xiong
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA,Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Ning Lai
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuyu Zheng
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jiyuan Chen
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Aleksandra Babicheva
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Amin Izadi
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Marisela Rodriguez
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Shamin Rahimi
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Francesca Balistrieri
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Shayan Rahimi
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Tatum Simonson
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Daniela Valdez-Jasso
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Patricia A. Thistlethwaite
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - John Y.-J. Shyy
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jian Wang
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ayako Makino
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jason X.-J. Yuan
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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5
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Chu HS, Peterson C, Jun A, Foster J. Targeting the integrated stress response in ophthalmology. Curr Eye Res 2021; 46:1075-1088. [PMID: 33474991 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2020.1867748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: To summarize the Integrated Stress Response (ISR) in the context of ophthalmology, with special interest on the cornea and anterior segment. Results: The ISR is a powerful and conserved signaling pathway that allows for cells to respond to a diverse array of both intracellular and extracellular stressors. The pathway is classically responsible for coordination of the cellular response to amino acid starvation, ultraviolet light, heme dysregulation, viral infection, and unfolded protein. Under normal circumstances, it is considered pro-survival and a necessary mechanism through which protein translation is controlled. However, in cases of severe or prolonged stress the pathway can promote apoptosis, and loss of normal cellular phenotype. The activation of this pathway culminates in the global inhibition of cap-dependent protein translation and the canonical expression of the activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4). Conclusion:The eye is uniquely exposed to ISR responsive stressors due to its environmental exposure and relative isolation from the circulatory system which are necessary for its function. We will discuss how this pathway is critical for the proper function of the tissue, its role in development, as well as how targeting of the pathway could alleviate key aspects of diverse ophthalmic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Sang Chu
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Cornelia Peterson
- Department of Molecular & Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Albert Jun
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - James Foster
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Salyers ZR, Coleman M, Balestrieri NP, Ryan TE. Indoxyl sulfate impairs angiogenesis via chronic aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 320:C240-C249. [PMID: 33406025 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00262.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with a substantial increased risk of cardiovascular disease. There is growing evidence that uremic metabolites, which accumulate in the blood with CKD, have detrimental impacts on endothelial cell health and function. However, the molecular mechanisms by which uremic metabolites negatively impact endothelial cell biology are not fully understood. In this study, activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) via indoxyl sulfate, a known uremic metabolite, was found to impair endothelial cell tube formation and proliferation but not migratory function. Moreover, aortic ring cultures treated with indoxyl sulfate also exhibited decreased sprouting and high AHR activation. Next, genetic knockdown of the AHR using shRNA was found to rescue endothelial cell tube formation, proliferation, and aortic ring sprouting. Similarly, pharmacological AHR antagonism using resveratrol and CH223191 were also found to rescue angiogenesis in cell and aortic ring cultures. Finally, a constitutively active AHR (CAAHR) vector was generated and used to confirm AHR-specific effects. Expression of the CAAHR recapitulated the impaired tube formation and proliferation in cultured endothelial cells and decreased sprouting in aortic ring cultures. Taken together, these data define the impact of AHR activation on angiogenesis and highlight the potential for therapeutic AHR antagonists, which may improve angiogenesis in the context of CKD and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary R Salyers
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Madeline Coleman
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Nicholas P Balestrieri
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Terence E Ryan
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.,Center for Exercise Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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Zhong M, Zhang X, Shi X, Zheng C. Halofuginone inhibits LPS-induced attachment of monocytes to HUVECs. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 87:106753. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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8
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Significance of halofuginone in esophageal squamous carcinoma cell apoptosis through HIF-1α-FOXO3a pathway. Life Sci 2020; 257:118104. [PMID: 32679143 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Halofuginone (HF) from Dichroa febrifuga has shown therapeutic potential in hepatocellular, lung and colorectal cancer cell models. Evidence has also indicated that HF plays roles in caustic induced esophageal strictures and oxidative injury. However, the role of HF in esophageal squamous carcinoma (ESCC) remains unclear. In this study, we investigated HF actions and mechanisms during ESCC cell apoptosis. We observed different HF concentrations (5, 10 and 20 nM) inhibited ESCC cell survival in a time and dose-dependent manner. HF treatment markedly induced KYSE-30 and TE-1 cell apoptosis, and caspase-3 activity. Apoptosis related protein Bax expression was dramatically increased, whereas Bcl-2 levels were reduced in KYSE-30 and TE-1 cells, after HF exposure. Also, we showed that HF treatment induced DNA damage by promoting γH2AX, pATM and pATR expression. HF treatment also reduced hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and forkhead box class O 3a (FOXO3a) expression in KYSE-30 and TE-1 cells. We also showed that HF inhibited FOXO3a expression, but this was dependent on HIF-1α inhibition. Finally, FOXO3a overexpression reversed HF induced cell survival inhibition, cell apoptosis and DNA damage. FOXO3a knockdown enhanced the effects of HF on cell survival, cell apoptosis and DNA damage. In summary, HF plays inhibitory roles in ESCC cell apoptosis, via HIF-1α-FOXO3a-dependent signaling. These data support the notion that HF could act as an effective therapeutic reagent towards ESCC.
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The strigolactone analog GR-24 inhibits angiogenesis in vivo and in vitro by a mechanism involving cytoskeletal reorganization and VEGFR2 signalling. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 168:366-383. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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10
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Wang H, Zhang Z, Xu K, Wei S, Li L, Wang L. Exploration of estrogen receptor-associated hub genes and potential molecular mechanisms in non-smoking females with lung adenocarcinoma using integrated bioinformatics analysis. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:4605-4612. [PMID: 31611968 PMCID: PMC6781748 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore important estrogen receptor-associated genes and to determine the potential pathogenic and prognostic factors for lung adenocarcinoma in non-smoking females. The gene expression profiles of the two datasets (GSE32863 and GSE75037) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Data for non-smoking female patients with lung adenocarcinoma from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were also downloaded. The Linear Models for Microarray Data package in R was used to explore the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between samples from non-smoking female patients with lung adenocarcinoma and samples of adjacent non-cancerous lung tissue. The Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery was used for functional enrichment of the DEGs. The Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins and Cytoscape software were used to obtain a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and to identify the hub genes. In addition, the network between the estrogen receptor and the DEGs was constructed. A Kaplan-Meier survival plot was used to analyze the overall survival (OS). In total, 248 DEGs were identified in the GEO database, and 2,362 DEGs were identified in TCGA database. The intersection of the two datasets (DEGs in GEO and TCGA) revealed 170 DEGs, and these were selected for further investigation. Gene Ontology was used to group the 170 DEGs into biological process, molecular function and cellular component categories. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis was subsequently performed. A total of 27 hub genes, including caveolin 1 (CAV1), matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9), secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) and collagen type I α 1 chain (COL1A1), were closely associated with the estrogen receptor. CAV1 and SPP1 were associated with the OS. However, MMP9 and COL1A1 did not have any significant effect on OS. In summary, the identification of CAV1, MMP9, SPP1 and COL1A1 may provide novel insights into the molecular mechanism of lung adenocarcinoma in non-smoking female patients, and the results obtained in the current study may guide future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of Respiratory Oncology, Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC West District), Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Oncology, Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC West District), Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Respiratory Oncology, Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC West District), Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
| | - Song Wei
- Department of Respiratory Oncology, Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC West District), Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
| | - Lailing Li
- Department of Respiratory Oncology, Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC West District), Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Tongling People's Hospital, Tongling, Anhui 244000, P.R. China
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11
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Li Y, Li X, Han S, Lian W, Cheng J, Xie X, Li M. Exogenous FGF-2 improves biological activity of endothelial progenitor cells exposed to high glucose conditions. J Interv Med 2019; 1:9-14. [PMID: 34805825 PMCID: PMC8586578 DOI: 10.19779/j.cnki.2096-3602.2018.01.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the effects of exogenous basic fibroblast growth factor -2 (FGF-2) on the biological activity of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) exposed to high glucose conditions. Materials and Methods: 1) Bone marrow EPCs from C57BL/6 mice were isolated and cultured in vitro. EPC purity was identified by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining. 2) Apoptosis was detected by TUNEL assay. Migration and tube formation ability was detected by Transwell chamber and Matrigel assays, respectively. The expression and activation of β-catenin was detected by Western blot. 3) Doppler flowmetry was used to detect the effect of FGF2 on blood flow recovery in ischemic hind limbs of mice. Results: 1) FGF-2 treatment reversed high glucose induced growth inhibition of EPCs. FGF-2 treatment also increased migration and tube formation ability of EPCs even in high glucose conditions. 2) Western blot analysis demonstrated that the percentage of activated β-catenin/total β-catenin in the high glucose group were significantly lower than that in the control group, while FGF-2 treatment reversed high glucose induced β-catenin inhibition. 3) In vivo experiments demonstrated that the blood flow recovery in ischemic hind limbs of mice was significantly improved after FGF-2 treatment. Conclusion: Exogenous FGF-2 could play a role in the functional repair of damaged EPC exposed to high glucose conditions, via the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Interventional and Vascular surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China.,Institute of Intervention Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Interventional and Vascular surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China.,Institute of Intervention Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Shilong Han
- Department of Interventional and Vascular surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China.,Institute of Intervention Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Weishuai Lian
- Department of Interventional and Vascular surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China.,Institute of Intervention Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- Department of Interventional and Vascular surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China.,Institute of Intervention Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Xiaoyun Xie
- Department of Interventional and Vascular surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China.,Institute of Intervention Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Maoquan Li
- Department of Interventional and Vascular surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China.,Institute of Intervention Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
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12
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Exploring the Antiangiogenic Potential of Solomonamide A Bioactive Precursors: In Vitro and in Vivo Evidences of the Inhibitory Activity of Solo F-OH During Angiogenesis. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17040228. [PMID: 30991727 PMCID: PMC6520732 DOI: 10.3390/md17040228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine sponges are a prolific source of bioactive compounds. In this work, the putative antiangiogenic potential of a series of synthetic precursors of Solomonamide A, a cyclic peptide isolated from a marine sponge, was evaluated. By means of an in vitro screening, based on the inhibitory activity of endothelial tube formation, the compound Solo F-OH was selected for a deeper characterization of its antiangiogenic potential. Our results indicate that Solo F-OH is able to inhibit some key steps of the angiogenic process, including the proliferation, migration, and invasion of endothelial cells, as well as diminish their capability to degrade the extracellular matrix proteins. The antiangiogenic potential of Solo F-OH was confirmed by means of two different in vivo models: the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) and the zebrafish yolk membrane (ZFYM) assays. The reduction in ERK1/2 and Akt phosphorylation in endothelial cells treated with Solo F-OH denotes that this compound could target the upstream components that are common to both pathways. Taken together, our results show a new and interesting biological activity of Solo F-OH as an inhibitor of the persistent and deregulated angiogenesis that characterizes cancer and other pathologies.
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13
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Zhang Z, Fang C, Wang Y, Zhang J, Yu J, Zhang Y, Wang X, Zhong J. COL1A1: A potential therapeutic target for colorectal cancer expressing wild-type or mutant KRAS. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:1869-1880. [PMID: 30132520 PMCID: PMC6192778 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment primarily relies on chemotherapy along with surgery, radiotherapy and, more recently, targeted therapy at the late stages. However, chemotherapeutic drugs have high cytotoxicity, and the similarity between the effects of these drugs on cancerous and healthy cells limits their wider use in clinical settings. Targeted monoclonal antibody treatment may compensate for this deficiency. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted drugs have a positive effect on CRC with intact KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase (KRAS or KRASWT), but may be ineffective or harmful in patients with KRAS mutations (KRASMUT). Therefore, it is important to identify drug target genes that are uniformly effective with regards to KRASWT and KRASMUT CRC. The present study performed gene expression analysis, and identified 294 genes upregulated in KRASWT and KRASMUT CRC samples. Collagen type I α 1 (COL1A1) was identified as the hub gene through STRING and Cytoscape analyses. Consistent with results obtained from Oncomine, a cancer microarray database and web-based data-mining platform, it was demonstrated that the expression of COL1A1 was significantly upregulated in CRC tissues and cell lines regardless of KRAS status. Inhibition of COL1A1 in KRASWT and KRASMUT CRC cell lines significantly decreased cell proliferation and invasion. In addition, increased COL1A1 expression in CRC was significantly associated with serosal invasion, lymph metastases and hematogenous metastases. Taken together, the findings of the present study indicated that COL1A1 may serve as a candidate diagnostic biomarker and a promising therapeutic target for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheying Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453100, P.R. China
| | - Yongxia Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Jinghang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Jian Yu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Yongxi Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453100, P.R. China
| | - Xianwei Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Jiateng Zhong
- Department of Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
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14
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Lu J, Zhang H, Cai D, Zeng C, Lai P, Shao Y, Fang H, Li D, Ouyang J, Zhao C, Xie D, Huang B, Yang J, Jiang Y, Bai X. Positive-Feedback Regulation of Subchondral H-Type Vessel Formation by Chondrocyte Promotes Osteoarthritis Development in Mice. J Bone Miner Res 2018; 33:909-920. [PMID: 29329496 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Vascular-invasion-mediated interactions between activated articular chondrocytes and subchondral bone are essential for osteoarthritis (OA) development. Here, we determined the role of nutrient sensing mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling in the crosstalk across the bone cartilage interface and its regulatory mechanisms. Then mice with chondrocyte-specific mTORC1 activation (Tsc1 CKO and Tsc1 CKOER ) or inhibition (Raptor CKOER ) and their littermate controls were subjected to OA induced by destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) or not. DMM or Tsc1 CKO mice were treated with bevacizumab, a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A antibody that blocks angiogenesis. Articular cartilage degeneration was evaluated using the Osteoarthritis Research Society International score. Immunostaining and Western blotting were conducted to detect H-type vessels and protein levels in mice. Primary chondrocytes from mutant mice and ADTC5 cells were treated with interleukin-1β to investigate the role of chondrocyte mTORC1 in VEGF-A secretion and in vitro vascular formation. Clearly, H-type vessels were increased in subchondral bone in DMM-induced OA and aged mice. Cartilage mTORC1 activation stimulated VEGF-A production in articular chondrocyte and H-type vessel formation in subchondral bone. Chondrocyte mTORC1 promoted OA partially through formation of VEGF-A-stimulated subchondral H-type vessels. In particular, vascular-derived nutrients activated chondrocyte mTORC1, and stimulated chondrocyte activation and production of VEGF, resulting in further angiogenesis in subchondral bone. Thus a positive-feedback regulation of H-type vessel formation in subchondral bone by articular chondrocyte nutrient-sensing mTORC1 signaling is essential for the pathogenesis and progression of OA. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiansen Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University.,State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University
| | - Daozhang Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University
| | - Chun Zeng
- Department of Orthopedics, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University
| | - Pinglin Lai
- Department of Orthopedics, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University
| | - Yan Shao
- Department of Orthopedics, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University.,State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hang Fang
- Department of Orthopedics, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University
| | - Delong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University.,State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayao Ouyang
- Department of Orthopedics, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University.,State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University
| | - Denghui Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University
| | - Bin Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Research Institutes, The Huck Institutes of The Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xiaochun Bai
- Department of Orthopedics, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University.,State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Mu W, Xu B, Ma H, Li J, Ji B, Zhang Z, Amat A, Cao L. Halofuginone Attenuates Osteoarthritis by Rescuing Bone Remodeling in Subchondral Bone Through Oral Gavage. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:269. [PMID: 29636687 PMCID: PMC5881118 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common debilitating joint disorder worldwide without effective medical therapy. Articular cartilage and subchondral bone act in concert as a functional unit with the onset of OA. Halofuginone is an analog of the alkaloid febrifugine extracted from the plant Dichroa febrifuga, which has been demonstrated to exert inhibition of SMAD 2/3 phosphorylation downstream of the TGF-β signaling pathway and osteoclastogenesis. To investigate whether halofuginone (HF) alleviates OA after administration by oral gavage, 3-month-old male mice were allocated to the Sham group, vehicle-treated anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) group, and HF-treated ACLT group. The immunostaining analysis indicated that HF reduced the number of matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13) and collagen X (Col X) positive cells in the articular cartilage. Moreover, HF lowered histologic OA score and prevented articular cartilage degeneration. The micro-computed tomography (μCT) scan showed that HF maintained the subchondral bone microarchitecture, demonstrated by the restoration of bone volume fraction (BV/TV), subchondral bone plate thickness (SBP.Th.), and trabecular pattern factor (Tb.Pf) to a level comparable to that of the Sham group. Immunostaining for CD31 and μCT based angiography showed that the number and volume of vessels in subchondral bone was restored by HF. HF administered by oral gavage recoupled bone remodeling and inhibited aberrant angiogenesis in the subchondral bone, further slowed the progression of OA. Therefore, HF administered by oral gavage could be a potential therapy for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Mu
- Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Boyong Xu
- Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Hairong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asian Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, Clinical Medical Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Jiao Li
- Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Baochao Ji
- Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Zhendong Zhang
- Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Abdusami Amat
- Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Li Cao
- Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
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16
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M. HR, Ghosh D, Banerjee R, Salimath BP. Suppression of VEGF-induced angiogenesis and tumor growth by Eugenia jambolana, Musa paradisiaca, and Coccinia indica extracts. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:1489-1499. [PMID: 28367666 PMCID: PMC6130448 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1307422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Abnormal angiogenesis and evasion of apoptosis are hallmarks of cancer. Accordingly, anti-angiogenic and pro-apoptotic therapies are effective strategies for cancer treatment. Medicinal plants, namely, Eugenia jambolana Lam. (Myrtaceae), Musa paradisiaca L. (Musaceae), and Coccinia indica Wight & Arn. (Cucurbitaceae), have not been greatly investigated for their anticancer potential. OBJECTIVE We investigated the anti-angiogenic and pro-apoptotic efficacy of ethyl acetate (EA) and n-butanol (NB) extracts of E. jambolana (seeds), EA extracts of M. paradisiaca (roots) and C. indica (leaves) with respect to mammary neoplasia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Effect of extracts (2-200 μg/mL) on cytotoxicity and MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and endothelial cell (EC) proliferation and in vitro angiogenesis were evaluated by MTT, 3[H]thymidine uptake and EC tube formation assays, respectively. In vivo tumour proliferation, VEGF secretion and angiogenesis were assessed using the Ehrlich ascites tumour (EAT) model followed by rat corneal micro-pocket and chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assays. Apoptosis induction was assessed by morphological and cell cycle analysis. RESULTS EA extracts of E. jambolana and M. paradisiaca exhibited the highest cytotoxicity (IC50 25 and 60 μg/mL), inhibited cell proliferation (up to 81%), and tube formation (83% and 76%). In vivo treatment reduced body weight (50%); cell number (16.5- and 14.7-fold), secreted VEGF (∼90%), neoangiogenesis in rat cornea (2.5- and 1.5-fold) and CAM (3- and 1.6-fold) besides EAT cells accumulation in sub-G1 phase (20% and 18.38%), respectively. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Considering the potent anti-angiogenic and pro-apoptotic properties, lead molecules from EA extracts of E. jambolana and M. paradisiaca can be developed into anticancer drugs.
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MESH Headings
- 1-Butanol/chemistry
- Acetates/chemistry
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/isolation & purification
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/isolation & purification
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor/blood
- Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor/prevention & control
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Chick Embryo
- Chorioallantoic Membrane/blood supply
- Corneal Neovascularization/pathology
- Corneal Neovascularization/physiopathology
- Corneal Neovascularization/prevention & control
- Cucurbitaceae/chemistry
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Female
- G1 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints/drug effects
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/drug effects
- Humans
- MCF-7 Cells
- Mice
- Musa/chemistry
- Neovascularization, Pathologic
- Neovascularization, Physiologic/drug effects
- Phytotherapy
- Plant Extracts/isolation & purification
- Plant Extracts/pharmacology
- Plant Leaves
- Plant Roots/chemistry
- Plants, Medicinal
- Rats, Wistar
- Seeds/chemistry
- Syzygium/chemistry
- Time Factors
- Tumor Burden/drug effects
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsha Raj M.
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, Molecular Oncology Lab, University of Mysore, Mysore, India
| | - Debidas Ghosh
- Department of Bio-Medical Laboratory Science & Management, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
| | - Rita Banerjee
- Department of Science & Technology, Government of India, New Delhi, India
| | - Bharathi P. Salimath
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, Molecular Oncology Lab, University of Mysore, Mysore, India
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17
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Zeng S, Wang K, Huang M, Qiu Q, Xiao Y, Shi M, Zou Y, Yang X, Xu H, Liang L. Halofuginone inhibits TNF-α-induced the migration and proliferation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes from rheumatoid arthritis patients. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 43:187-194. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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18
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Pakos-Zebrucka K, Koryga I, Mnich K, Ljujic M, Samali A, Gorman AM. The integrated stress response. EMBO Rep 2016; 17:1374-1395. [PMID: 27629041 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201642195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1532] [Impact Index Per Article: 191.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In response to diverse stress stimuli, eukaryotic cells activate a common adaptive pathway, termed the integrated stress response (ISR), to restore cellular homeostasis. The core event in this pathway is the phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2α) by one of four members of the eIF2α kinase family, which leads to a decrease in global protein synthesis and the induction of selected genes, including the transcription factor ATF4, that together promote cellular recovery. The gene expression program activated by the ISR optimizes the cellular response to stress and is dependent on the cellular context, as well as on the nature and intensity of the stress stimuli. Although the ISR is primarily a pro-survival, homeostatic program, exposure to severe stress can drive signaling toward cell death. Here, we review current understanding of the ISR signaling and how it regulates cell fate under diverse types of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Pakos-Zebrucka
- Apoptosis Research Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Izabela Koryga
- Apoptosis Research Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Katarzyna Mnich
- Apoptosis Research Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Mila Ljujic
- Apoptosis Research Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Afshin Samali
- Apoptosis Research Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Adrienne M Gorman
- Apoptosis Research Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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19
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Lamora A, Mullard M, Amiaud J, Brion R, Heymann D, Redini F, Verrecchia F. Anticancer activity of halofuginone in a preclinical model of osteosarcoma: inhibition of tumor growth and lung metastases. Oncotarget 2016; 6:14413-27. [PMID: 26015407 PMCID: PMC4546476 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the main malignant primary bone tumor in children and adolescents for whom the prognosis remains poor, especially when metastases are present at diagnosis. Because we recently demonstrated that TGF-β/Smad cascade plays a crucial role in osteosarcoma metastatic progression, we investigated the effect of halofuginone, identified as an inhibitor of the TGF-β/Smad3 cascade, on osteosarcoma progression. A preclinical model of osteosarcoma was used to evaluate the impact of halofuginone on tumor growth, tumor microenvironment and metastasis development. In vivo experiments showed that halofuginone reduces primary tumor growth and lung metastases development. In vitro experiments demonstrated that halofuginone decreases cell viability mainly by its ability to induce caspase-3 dependent cell apoptosis. Moreover, halofuginone inhibits the TGF-β/Smad3 cascade and the response of TGF-β key targets involved in the metastases dissemination process such as MMP-2. In addition, halofuginone treatment affects the “vicious cycle” established between tumor and bone cells, and therefore the tumor-associated bone osteolysis. Together, these results demonstrate that halofuginone decreased primary osteosarcoma development and associated lung metastases by targeting both the tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment. Using halofuginone may be a promising therapeutic strategy against tumor progression of osteosarcoma specifically against lung metastases dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Lamora
- INSERM, UMR 957, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer 2012, Nantes, France.,Université de Nantes, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives, Nantes, France.,CHU Hôtel Dieu, Nantes, France.,Inserm Liliane Bettencourt School, France
| | - Mathilde Mullard
- INSERM, UMR 957, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer 2012, Nantes, France.,Université de Nantes, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives, Nantes, France.,CHU Hôtel Dieu, Nantes, France
| | - Jérôme Amiaud
- INSERM, UMR 957, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer 2012, Nantes, France.,Université de Nantes, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives, Nantes, France.,CHU Hôtel Dieu, Nantes, France
| | - Régis Brion
- INSERM, UMR 957, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer 2012, Nantes, France.,Université de Nantes, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives, Nantes, France.,CHU Hôtel Dieu, Nantes, France
| | - Dominique Heymann
- INSERM, UMR 957, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer 2012, Nantes, France.,Université de Nantes, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives, Nantes, France.,CHU Hôtel Dieu, Nantes, France
| | - Françoise Redini
- INSERM, UMR 957, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer 2012, Nantes, France.,Université de Nantes, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives, Nantes, France.,CHU Hôtel Dieu, Nantes, France
| | - Franck Verrecchia
- INSERM, UMR 957, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer 2012, Nantes, France.,Université de Nantes, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives, Nantes, France.,CHU Hôtel Dieu, Nantes, France
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20
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Cui Z, Crane J, Xie H, Jin X, Zhen G, Li C, Xie L, Wang L, Bian Q, Qiu T, Wan M, Xie M, Ding S, Yu B, Cao X. Halofuginone attenuates osteoarthritis by inhibition of TGF-β activity and H-type vessel formation in subchondral bone. Ann Rheum Dis 2015; 75:1714-21. [PMID: 26470720 PMCID: PMC5013081 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-207923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Examine whether osteoarthritis (OA) progression can be delayed by halofuginone in anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) rodent models. Methods 3-month-old male C57BL/6J (wild type; WT) mice and Lewis rats were randomised to sham-operated, ACLT-operated, treated with vehicle, or ACLT-operated, treated with halofuginone. Articular cartilage degeneration was graded using the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI)-modified Mankin criteria. Immunostaining, flow cytometry, RT-PCR and western blot analyses were conducted to detect relative protein and RNA expression. Bone micro CT (μCT) and CT-based microangiography were quantitated to detect alterations of microarchitecture and vasculature in tibial subchondral bone. Results Halofuginone attenuated articular cartilage degeneration and subchondral bone deterioration, resulting in substantially lower OARSI scores. Specifically, we found that proteoglycan loss and calcification of articular cartilage were significantly decreased in halofuginone-treated ACLT rodents compared with vehicle-treated ACLT controls. Halofuginone reduced collagen X (Col X), matrix metalloproteinase-13 and A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 5 (ADAMTS 5) and increased lubricin, collagen II and aggrecan. In parallel, halofuginone-attenuated uncoupled subchondral bone remodelling as defined by reduced subchondral bone tissue volume, lower trabecular pattern factor (Tb.pf) and increased thickness of subchondral bone plate compared with vehicle-treated ACLT controls. We found that halofuginone exerted protective effects in part by suppressing Th17-induced osteoclastic bone resorption, inhibiting Smad2/3-dependent TGF-β signalling to restore coupled bone remodelling and attenuating excessive angiogenesis in subchondral bone. Conclusions Halofuginone attenuates OA progression by inhibition of subchondral bone TGF-β activity and aberrant angiogenesis as a potential preventive therapy for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Cui
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Janet Crane
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hui Xie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Gehua Zhen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Changjun Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Liang Xie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Qin Bian
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Tao Qiu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mei Wan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Min Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sheng Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Bin Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xu Cao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Assis PA, De Figueiredo-Pontes LL, Lima ASG, Leão V, Cândido LA, Pintão CT, Garcia AB, Saggioro FP, Panepucci RA, Chahud F, Nagler A, Falcão RP, Rego EM. Halofuginone inhibits phosphorylation of SMAD-2 reducing angiogenesis and leukemia burden in an acute promyelocytic leukemia mouse model. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2015; 34:65. [PMID: 26099922 PMCID: PMC4486128 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-015-0181-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background Halofuginone (HF) is a low-molecular-weight alkaloid that has been demonstrated to interfere with Metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and Tumor Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) function and, to present antiangiogenic, antiproliferative and proapoptotic properties in several solid tumor models. Based on the fact that high levels of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and increased angiogenesis have been described in acute myeloid leukemia and associated with disease progression, we studied the in vivo effects of HF using an Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL) mouse model. Methods NOD/SCID mice were transplanted with leukemic cells from hCG-PML/RARA transgenic mice (TM) and treated with HF 150 μg/kg/day for 21 days. The leukemic infiltration and the percentage of VEGF+ cells were evaluated by morphology and flow cytometry. The effect of HF on the gene expression of several pro- and antiangiogenic factors, phosphorylation of SMAD2 and VEGF secretion was assessed in vitro using NB4 and HUVEC cells. Results HF treatment resulted in hematological remission with decreased accumulation of immature cell and lower amounts of VEGF in BM of leukemic mice. In vitro, HF modulated gene expression of several pro- and antiangiogenic factors, reduced VEGF secretion and phosphorylation of SMAD2, blocking TGF-β-signaling. Conclusion Taken together, our results demonstrate that HF inhibits SMAD2 signaling and reduces leukemia growth and angiogenesis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13046-015-0181-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Assis
- Hematology and Oncology Divisions of the Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049900, Brazil.
| | - Lorena L De Figueiredo-Pontes
- Hematology and Oncology Divisions of the Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049900, Brazil.
| | - Ana Silvia G Lima
- Hematology and Oncology Divisions of the Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049900, Brazil.
| | - Vitor Leão
- Hematology and Oncology Divisions of the Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049900, Brazil.
| | - Larissa A Cândido
- Hematology and Oncology Divisions of the Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049900, Brazil.
| | - Carolina T Pintão
- Hematology and Oncology Divisions of the Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049900, Brazil.
| | - Aglair B Garcia
- Hematology and Oncology Divisions of the Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049900, Brazil.
| | - Fabiano P Saggioro
- Pathology Department, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049900, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo A Panepucci
- Hematology and Oncology Divisions of the Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049900, Brazil.
| | - Fernando Chahud
- Pathology Department, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049900, Brazil.
| | - Arnon Nagler
- Hematology Division and Cord Blood Bank, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Hashomer, 6997801, Israel.
| | - Roberto P Falcão
- Hematology and Oncology Divisions of the Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049900, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo M Rego
- Hematology and Oncology Divisions of the Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049900, Brazil.
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Abstract
Halofuginone is an analog of febrifugine-an alkaloid originally isolated from the plant Dichroa febrifuga. During recent years, halofuginone has attracted much attention because of its wide range of beneficial biological activities, which encompass malaria, cancer, and fibrosis-related and autoimmune diseases. At present two modes of halofuginone actions have been described: (1) Inhibition of Smad3 phosphorylation downstream of the TGFβ signaling pathway results in inhibition of fibroblasts-to-myofibroblasts transition and fibrosis. (2) Inhibition of prolyl-tRNA synthetase (ProRS) activity in the blood stage of malaria and inhibition of Th17 cell differentiation thereby inhibiting inflammation and the autoimmune reaction by activation of the amino acid starvation and integrated stress responses. This review deals with the history and origin of this natural product, its synthesis, its known modes of action, and it's various biological activities in pre-clinical animal models and in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Pines
- The Volcani Center, Institute of Animal Science, P.O. Box 6, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel.
| | - Itai Spector
- The Volcani Center, Institute of Animal Science, P.O. Box 6, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel.
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Plant-derived anticancer agents: a promising treatment for bone metastasis. BONEKEY REPORTS 2014; 3:599. [PMID: 28243436 DOI: 10.1038/bonekey.2014.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bone metastasis is a very frequent complication of advanced cancer, and it remains an incurable disease. Current therapies that have been approved for the treatment of bone metastases delay the occurrence of skeletal-related events and can extend the patient's lifespan by a few years. However, they will not cure or cause the regression of established bone metastases, and new side effects are emerging after prolonged treatment. Thus, new therapies are severely needed. There are compelling evidences from in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies that support the use of compounds derived from plants to treat several forms of cancers including bone metastasis. More than 25% of the drugs used during the past 20 years were directly derived from plants, whereas another 25% are chemically altered natural products. Still, only 5-15% of the ∼250 000 higher plants have ever been investigated for bioactive compounds. There is a growing interest for the study of anticancer drugs with relatively low side effects that target specific key signaling pathways that control the establishment and progression of the cancer metastasis. Therefore, further studies are needed to identify new natural compounds with high efficiency in cancer prevention and treatment. Extensive reviews about plant-derived agents and their use in cancer have been published, but none when it comes to the treatment of bone metastases. Only a few of these compounds have been evaluated for the treatment of bone metastasis; here we describe some of the most prominent ones that are having the potential to reach the clinic soon.
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Park MK, Park JS, Park EM, Lim MA, Kim SM, Lee DG, Baek SY, Yang EJ, Woo JW, Lee J, Kwok SK, Kim HY, Cho ML, Park SH. Halofuginone ameliorates autoimmune arthritis in mice by regulating the balance between Th17 and Treg cells and inhibiting osteoclastogenesis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2014; 66:1195-207. [PMID: 24782183 DOI: 10.1002/art.38313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The small molecule halofuginone has been shown to inhibit fibrosis, angiogenesis, and tumor progression. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of halofuginone in preventing autoimmune arthritis in mice. METHODS The effects of halofuginone on joint diseases were assessed by clinical scoring and histologic analysis. Protein expression levels were confirmed by immunohistochemistry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, flow cytometry, and/or Western blotting. The expression levels of messenger RNA (mRNA) for various molecules were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Proliferation of osteoclast precursors was assessed by bromodeoxyuridine uptake. Osteoclast differentiation and activity were determined by quantifying tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive multinucleated cells and area of resorbed bone. RESULTS Treatment with halofuginone suppressed the development of autoimmune arthritis and reciprocally regulated Th17 cells and FoxP3+ Treg cells. These effects of halofuginone on Th17 differentiation involved increased signaling of ERK and reduction of STAT-3 and NF-ATc1 expression. Furthermore, halofuginone induced the expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) in dendritic cells, leading to reduced production of Th17 cells. In addition, halofuginone prevented the formation and activity of osteoclasts through suppression of transcription factors, such as activator protein 1 and NF-ATc1, and inhibited cell cycle arrest by the committed osteoclast precursors via expression of Ccnd1 encoding cyclin D1. CONCLUSION Taken together, our results suggest that halofuginone is a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of Th17 cell-mediated inflammatory diseases and bone diseases.
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Liang J, Zhang B, Shen RW, Liu JB, Gao MH, Geng X, Li Y, Li YY, Zhang W. The effect of antifibrotic drug halofugine on Th17 cells in concanavalin A-induced liver fibrosis. Scand J Immunol 2014; 79:163-72. [PMID: 24383550 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Anti-inflammation strategy is one of the proposed therapeutic approaches to hepatic fibrosis. T helper (Th) 17 cells, which play a detrimental role in experimental murine models of inflammatory diseases, have been demonstrated to participate in the pathogenesis of liver damage. The inhibitory effect of halofuginone (HF), an active component of extracts derived from the plant alkaloid febrifugine, on collagen synthesis has been shown in animal models of the fibrotic disease. The aim of this study was to clarify the in vivo effect of HF on Th17 cells in concanavalin A-induced fibrosis rats. Haematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and Masson staining were performed to observe collagen deposition. The presence of INF-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-17, IL-1beta, IL-33 and IL-10 in serum and the presence of ROR-γt, IL-17, TGF-β1 and α-SMA in liver tissue were detected. Flow cytometry was performed to analyse the percentage of Th17 cells. We observed significantly lower levels of INF-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-17, IL-1beta, TGF-β1 and α-SMA in HF-treated group of rats, and the percentage of Th17 cells in splenic lymphocyte was decreased well. Histological examination demonstrated that HF significantly reduced the severity of liver fibrosis in HF-treated rats. We concluded that HF (10 mg/kg) exerts an antifibrotic impact on Th17 cells and its relative cytokines in rats with ConA-induced fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Liang
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, QingDao, China
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McLaughlin NP, Evans P, Pines M. The chemistry and biology of febrifugine and halofuginone. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:1993-2004. [PMID: 24650700 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The trans-2,3-disubstituted piperidine, quinazolinone-containing natural product febrifugine (also known as dichroine B) and its synthetic analogue, halofuginone, possess antimalarial activity. More recently studies have also shown that halofuginone acts as an agent capable of reducing fibrosis, an indication with clinical relevance for several disease states. This review summarizes historical isolation studies and the chemistry performed which culminated in the correct structural elucidation of naturally occurring febrifugine and its isomer isofebrifugine. It also includes the range of febrifugine analogues prepared for antimalarial evaluation, including halofuginone. Finally, a section detailing current opinion in the field of halofuginone's human biology is included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel P McLaughlin
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Paul Evans
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Mark Pines
- Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Institute of Animal Science, P.O. Box 6, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel.
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Arno AI, Gauglitz GG, Barret JP, Jeschke MG. New molecular medicine-based scar management strategies. Burns 2014; 40:539-51. [PMID: 24438742 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2013.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Keloids and hypertrophic scars are prevalent disabling conditions with still suboptimal treatments. Basic science and molecular-based medicine research have contributed to unravel new bench-to-bedside scar therapies and to dissect the complex signalling pathways involved. Peptides such as the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) superfamily, with Smads, Ski, SnoN, Fussels, endoglin, DS-Sily, Cav-1p, AZX100, thymosin-β4 and other related molecules may emerge as targets to prevent and treat keloids and hypertrophic scars. The aim of this review is to describe the basic complexity of these new molecular scar management strategies and point out new fibrosis research lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna I Arno
- Ross Tilley Burn Centre and Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Plastic Surgery Department and Burn Unit, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gerd G Gauglitz
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Juan P Barret
- Plastic Surgery Department and Burn Unit, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc G Jeschke
- Ross Tilley Burn Centre and Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Cheng H, Tian J, Zeng L, Pan B, Li Z, Song G, Chen W, Xu K. Halofugine prevents cutaneous graft versus host disease by suppression of Th17 differentiation. Hematology 2013; 17:261-7. [PMID: 22971531 DOI: 10.1179/1607845412y.0000000016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hai Cheng
- Department of HematologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jing Tian
- Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Lingyu Zeng
- Department of HematologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China; and Laboratory of Transplantation and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China
| | - Bin Pan
- Laboratory of Transplantation and ImmunologyXuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Department of HematologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China
| | - Guoliang Song
- Laboratory of Transplantation and ImmunologyXuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of HematologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China
| | - Kailin Xu
- Department of HematologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China
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Pines M. Targeting TGFβ signaling to inhibit fibroblast activation as a therapy for fibrosis and cancer: effect of halofuginone. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2013; 3:11-20. [PMID: 23480137 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.3.1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The fibroblast to myofibroblast transition in wound healing, fibrosis and cancer has emerged as a viable target for pharmacological intervention. The myofibroblasts acquire specific characteristics because of differences in origin and localization, but also share common properties, such as TGFβ signaling. Halofuginone, an inhibitor of the Smad3 phosphorylation, downstream of the TGFβ signaling, inhibits the activation of fibroblasts and their ability to synthesize the extracellular matrix, regardless of their origin or location. Halofuginone prevented the new and stimulated resolution of pre-existing fibrosis of several organs and inhibited the development and progression of various tumors. Moreover, halofuginone synergizes with chemotherapy and reduces the need for high doses of toxic compounds without impairing the treatment efficacy. In fibrosis, where the myofibroblasts are the major participant, halofuginone can be used as a single therapy, whereas in cancer it should be considered in combination with other therapies that affect the tumor cells via different modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Pines
- Institute of Animal Sciences, The Volcani Center, P.O. Box 6, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel +972 8 9484408 ; +972 8 9475075 ;
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Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-2 by halofuginone is mediated by the Egr1 transcription factor. Anticancer Drugs 2012; 23:1022-31. [DOI: 10.1097/cad.0b013e328357d186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Juárez P, Mohammad KS, Yin JJ, Fournier PGJ, McKenna RC, Davis HW, Peng XH, Niewolna M, Javelaud D, Chirgwin JM, Mauviel A, Guise TA. Halofuginone inhibits the establishment and progression of melanoma bone metastases. Cancer Res 2012; 72:6247-56. [PMID: 23002206 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-1444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
TGF-β derived from bone fuels melanoma bone metastases by inducing tumor secretion of prometastatic factors that act on bone cells to change the skeletal microenvironment. Halofuginone is a plant alkaloid derivative that blocks TGF-β signaling with antiangiogenic and antiproliferative properties. Here, we show for the first time that halofuginone therapy decreases development and progression of bone metastasis caused by melanoma cells through the inhibition of TGF-β signaling. Halofuginone treatment of human melanoma cells inhibited cell proliferation, phosphorylation of SMAD proteins in response to TGF-β, and TGF-β-induced SMAD-driven transcription. In addition, halofuginone reduced expression of TGF-β target genes that enhance bone metastases, including PTHrP, CTGF, CXCR4, and IL11. Also, cell apoptosis was increased in response to halofuginone. In nude mice inoculated with 1205 Lu melanoma cells, a preventive protocol with halofuginone inhibited bone metastasis. The beneficial effects of halofuginone treatment were comparable with those observed with other anti-TGF-β strategies, including systemic administration of SD208, a small-molecule inhibitor of TGF-β receptor I kinase, or forced overexpression of Smad7, a negative regulator of TGF-β signaling. Furthermore, mice with established bone metastases treated with halofuginone had significantly less osteolysis than mice receiving placebo assessed by radiography. Thus, halofuginone is also effective in reducing the progression of melanoma bone metastases. Moreover, halofuginone treatment reduced melanoma metastasis to the brain, showing the potential of this novel treatment against cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Juárez
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Walther Hall, C132 980 W Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Jordan MC, Zeplin PH. Local inhibition of angiogenesis by halofuginone coated silicone materials. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2012; 23:1203-1210. [PMID: 22421950 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-012-4599-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Anti-angiogenic therapy is a promising approach for the treatment of increased angiogenesis in certain diseases. We aimed to investigate the local anti-angiogenic effect of silicone implants coated with Halofuginone, an angiogenesis inhibitor that inhibits synthesis of collagen-type-I and matrix metalloproteinases. The degree of angiogenesis was observed after implantation of surface modified Halofuginone eluting silicone implants into a submuscular pocket in rats over a period of 3 months. Subsequently, key mediators of angiogenesis (TGF-beta-1, bFGF, COL1A1, MMP-2, MMP-9, VEGF and PDGF) were established by immunohistological staining and RT-PCR and statistically evaluated. In comparison to uncoated silicone implants, Halofuginone eluting silicone implants lead to a significant local decrease of angiogenesis. Halofuginone eluting hybrid surface silicone implants have a significant local anti-angiogenic effect by down-regulating the expression activity of key mediators of angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin C Jordan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, König-Ludwig-Haus, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Brettreichstr. 11, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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Leiba M, Jakubikova J, Klippel S, Mitsiades CS, Hideshima T, Tai YT, Leiba A, Pines M, Richardson PG, Nagler A, Anderson KC. Halofuginone inhibits multiple myeloma growth in vitro and in vivo and enhances cytotoxicity of conventional and novel agents. Br J Haematol 2012; 157:718-31. [PMID: 22533681 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2012.09120.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Multiple Myeloma (MM), a malignancy of plasma cells, remains incurable despite the use of conventional and novel therapies. Halofuginone (HF), a synthetic derivative of quinazolinone alkaloid, has recently been shown to have anti-cancer activity in various preclinical settings. This study demonstrated the anti-tumour activity of HF against a panel of human MM cell lines and primary patient-derived MM cells, regardless of their sensitivity to conventional therapy or novel agents. HF showed anti-MM activity in vivo using a myeloma xenograft mouse model. HF suppressed proliferation of myeloma cells alone and when co-cultured with bone marrow stromal cells. Similarly, HF induced apoptosis in MM cells even in the presence of insulin-like growth factor 1 or interleukin 6. Importantly, HF, even at high doses, did not induce cytotoxicity against CD40 activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from normal donors. HF treatment induced accumulation of cells in the G(0) /G(1) cell cycle and induction of apoptotic cell death associated with depletion of mitochondrial membrane potential; cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and caspases-3, 8 and 9 as well as down-regulation of anti-apoptotic proteins including Mcl-1 and X-IAP. Multiplex analysis of phosphorylation of diverse components of signalling cascades revealed that HF induced changes in P38MAPK activation; increased phosphorylation of c-jun, c-jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK), p53 and Hsp-27. Importantly, HF triggered synergistic cytotoxicity in combination with lenalidomide, melphalan, dexamethasone, and doxorubicin. Taken together, these preclinical studies provide the preclinical framework for future clinical studies of HF in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merav Leiba
- Department of Medical Oncology, The LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Harvard Medical School, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Peng W, Robertson L, Gallinetti J, Mejia P, Vose S, Charlip A, Chu T, Mitchell JR. Surgical stress resistance induced by single amino acid deprivation requires Gcn2 in mice. Sci Transl Med 2012; 4:118ra11. [PMID: 22277968 PMCID: PMC3535286 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3002629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dietary restriction, or reduced food intake without malnutrition, increases life span, health span, and acute stress resistance in model organisms from yeast to nonhuman primates. Although dietary restriction is beneficial for human health, this treatment is not widely used in the clinic. Here, we show that short-term, ad libitum feeding of diets lacking essential nutrients increased resistance to surgical stress in a mouse model of ischemia reperfusion injury. Dietary preconditioning by 6 to 14 days of total protein deprivation, or removal of the single essential amino acid tryptophan, protected against renal and hepatic ischemic injury, resulting in reduced inflammation and preserved organ function. Pharmacological treatment with halofuginone, which activated the amino acid starvation response within 3 days by mimicking proline deprivation, was also beneficial. Both dietary and pharmacological interventions required the amino acid sensor and eIF2α (eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α) kinase Gcn2 (general control nonderepressible 2), implicating the amino acid starvation response and translational control in stress protection. Thus, short-term dietary or pharmacological interventions that modulate amino acid sensing can confer stress resistance in models of surgical ischemia reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Peng
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lauren Robertson
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jordan Gallinetti
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Pedro Mejia
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sarah Vose
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Allison Charlip
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Timothy Chu
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - James R. Mitchell
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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López-Jiménez A, García-Caballero M, Medina MÁ, Quesada AR. Anti-angiogenic properties of carnosol and carnosic acid, two major dietary compounds from rosemary. Eur J Nutr 2011; 52:85-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-011-0289-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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de Figueiredo-Pontes LL, Assis PA, Santana-Lemos BAA, Jácomo RH, Lima ASG, Garcia AB, Thomé CH, Araújo AG, Panepucci RA, Zago MA, Nagler A, Falcão RP, Rego EM. Halofuginone has anti-proliferative effects in acute promyelocytic leukemia by modulating the transforming growth factor beta signaling pathway. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26713. [PMID: 22053203 PMCID: PMC3203897 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2010] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Promyelocytic leukemia-retinoic acid receptor alpha (PML-RARα) expression in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) impairs transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signaling, leading to cell growth advantage. Halofuginone (HF), a low-molecular-weight alkaloid that modulates TGFβ signaling, was used to treat APL cell lines and non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID) mice subjected to transplantation with leukemic cells from human chorionic gonadotrophin-PML-RARα transgenic mice (TG). Cell cycle analysis using incorporated bromodeoxyuridine and 7-amino-actinomycin D showed that, in NB4 and NB4-R2 APL cell lines, HF inhibited cellular proliferation (P<0.001) and induced apoptosis (P = 0.002) after a 24-hour incubation. Addition of TGFβ revealed that NB4 cells were resistant to its growth-suppressive effects and that HF induced these effects in the presence or absence of the cytokine. Cell growth inhibition was associated with up-regulation of TGFβ target genes involved in cell cycle regulation (TGFB, TGFBRI, SMAD3, p15, and p21) and down-regulation of MYC. Additionally, TGFβ protein levels were decreased in leukemic TG animals and HF in vivo could restore TGFβ values to normal. To test the in vivo anti-leukemic activity of HF, we transplanted NOD/SCID mice with TG leukemic cells and treated them with HF for 21 days. HF induced partial hematological remission in the peripheral blood, bone marrow, and spleen. Together, these results suggest that HF has anti-proliferative and anti-leukemic effects by reversing the TGFβ blockade in APL. Since loss of the TGFβ response in leukemic cells may be an important second oncogenic hit, modulation of TGFβ signaling may be of therapeutic interest.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blood Cell Count
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic/drug effects
- Humans
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/blood
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, SCID
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/metabolism
- Piperidines/pharmacology
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Quinazolinones/pharmacology
- Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Smad3 Protein/metabolism
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/antagonists & inhibitors
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/pharmacology
- Up-Regulation/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena L. de Figueiredo-Pontes
- Hematology Division of the Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia A. Assis
- Hematology Division of the Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bárbara A. A. Santana-Lemos
- Hematology Division of the Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael H. Jácomo
- Hematology Division of the Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of the University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Ana Sílvia G. Lima
- Hematology Division of the Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aglair B. Garcia
- Hematology Division of the Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina H. Thomé
- Hematology Division of the Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amélia G. Araújo
- Hematology Division of the Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A. Panepucci
- Hematology Division of the Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marco A. Zago
- Hematology Division of the Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Arnon Nagler
- Hematology Division and Cord Blood Bank, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Roberto P. Falcão
- Hematology Division of the Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo M. Rego
- Hematology Division of the Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Kamberov YG, Kim J, Mazitschek R, Kuo WP, Whitman M. Microarray profiling reveals the integrated stress response is activated by halofuginone in mammary epithelial cells. BMC Res Notes 2011; 4:381. [PMID: 21974968 PMCID: PMC3197508 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-4-381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Accepted: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The small molecule Halofuginone (HF) is a potent regulator of extracellular matrix (ECM ) gene expression and is unique in its therapeutic potential. While the basis for HF effects is unknown, inhibition of TGFβ signaling and activation of the amino acid restriction response (AAR) have been linked to HF transcriptional control of a number of ECM components and amelioration of fibrosis and alleviation of autoimmune disease by regulation of Th17 cell differentiation, respectively. The aim of this study was to generate a global expression profile of HF targets in epithelial cells to identify potential mediators of HF function in this cell type. RESULTS We report that HF modulation of the expression of the ECM remodeling protein Mmp13 in epithelial cells is separable from previously reported effects of HF on TGFβ signal inhibition, and use microarray expression analysis to correlate this with transcriptional responses characteristic of the Integrated Stress Response (ISR). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest activation of the ISR may be a common mechanism underlying HF biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana G Kamberov
- Genetics Department, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Th17 cells and IL-17 in protective immunity to vaginal candidiasis. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22770. [PMID: 21818387 PMCID: PMC3144947 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Th17 cells play a major role in coordinating the host defence in oropharyngeal candidiasis. In this study we investigated the involvement of the Th17 response in an animal model of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). METHODS To monitor the course of infection we exploited a new in vivo imaging technique. RESULTS i) The progression of VVC leads to a strong influx of neutrophils in the vagina soon after the challenge which persisted despite the resolution of infection; ii) IL-17, produced by vaginal cells, particularly CD4 T cells, was detected in the vaginal wash during the infection, reaching a maximum 14 days after the challenge; iii) The amount and kinetics of IL-23 in vaginal fluids were comparable to those in vaginal cells; iv) The inhibition of Th17 differentiation led to significant inhibition of IL-17 production with consequent exacerbation of infection; v) An increased production of βdefensin 2 was manifested in cells of infected mice. This production was strongly reduced when Th17 differentiation was inhibited and was increased by rIL-17 treatment. CONCLUSIONS These results imply that IL-17 and Th17, along with innate antimicrobial factors, have a role in the immune response to vaginal candidiasis.
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Sgadari C, Bacigalupo I, Barillari G, Ensoli B. Pharmacological management of Kaposi's sarcoma. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2011; 12:1669-90. [DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2011.577066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Shi W, Liu J, Li M, Gao H, Wang T. Expression of MMP, HPSE, and FAP in stroma promoted corneal neovascularization induced by different etiological factors. Curr Eye Res 2011; 35:967-77. [PMID: 20958185 DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2010.502294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To observe the relationship between the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2, MMP-9), heparanase (HPSE), and fibroblast activation protein (FAP) in stroma and corneal neovascularization induced by different etiological factors. METHODS Five models were established: alkaline burn, fungal infection, suturing, immunogen implantation, and tumor cell implantation. The ingrowth time and morphology of corneal neovascularization in each model was observed by slit lamp. Inflammation and neovascularization in the corneal stroma were examined by histopathology. MMP-2, MMP-9, HPSE, and FAP were detected by immunohistochemistry or double immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS The neovascular vessels started to invade the cornea from the third day in each model. The corneal neovascularization presented dendritic-form, brush-form, and triangle-form in alkaline burn, fungal infection, and suturing models, respectively, and reached to the central cornea in the latter two models. The inflammatory cells appeared in the stroma on the first day, while neovascular vessels grew into the stroma from the third day and both of them accompanied each other from 3-14 days in each model. MMP-2, MMP-9, and HPSE appeared before the neovascularization on the first day and accompanied it from 3-14 days in each model. FAP(+) cells occurred mainly around CD31(+) vascular endothelial cells in each model. CONCLUSION The corneal neovascularization induced by different etiological factors have different morphologies. The inflammation and the expression of MMP, HPSE, and FAP in stroma may serve as pioneers for the growth of corneal neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyun Shi
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Qingdao, China.
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Phase II AIDS Malignancy Consortium trial of topical halofuginone in AIDS-related Kaposi sarcoma. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2011; 56:64-8. [PMID: 21068672 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0b013e3181fc0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Using a novel blinded intrapatient vehicle control design, we conducted a phase II study of topically administered halofuginone, an angiogenesis inhibitor that inhibits collagen type-I and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), in patients with AIDS-related Kaposi sarcoma. Serial Kaposi sarcoma biopsies assessed treatment effects on angiogenic factors and Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus-latency associated nuclear antigen-1 (KSHV-LANA). We observed marked heterogeneity of KSHV-LANA expression. Although the small number of subjects whose response could be evaluated precluded definitive assessment of halofuginone's efficacy, we observed a significant decrease in type-I collagen only in halofuginone-treated lesions, but no effect on MMP-2. The trial design is applicable to future studies of topical agents.
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Risk assessment of coccidostatics during feed cross-contamination: animal and human health aspects. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2011; 270:196-208. [PMID: 21215766 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2010.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2010] [Revised: 12/28/2010] [Accepted: 12/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Coccidiosis, an intestinal plasmodium infection, is a major infectious disease in poultry and rabbits. Eleven different coccidiostats are licensed in the EU for the prevention of coccidiosis in these animal species. According to their chemical nature and main biological activity, these compounds can be grouped as ionophoric (monensin, lasalocid sodium, salinomycin, narasin, maduramicin and semduramicin) or non-ionophoric (robenidine, decoquinate, nicarbazin, diclazuril, and halofuginone) substances. Coccidiostats are used as feed additives, mixed upon request into the compounded feed. During the technical process of commercial feed production, cross-contamination of feed batches can result in the exposure of non-target animals and induce adverse health effects in these animals due to a specific sensitivity of mammalian species as compared to poultry. Residue formation in edible tissues of non-target species may result in unexpected human exposure through the consumption of animal products. This review presents recent risk assessments performed by the Scientific Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). The health risk to non-target species that would result from the consumption of cross-contaminated feed with coccidostats at levels of 2, 5 or 10% was found to be negligible for most animal species with the exception of salinomycin and monensin in horses because of the particular sensitivity for which toxicity may occur when cross-contamination exceeds 2% and 5% respectively. Kinetic data and tissue analyses showed that residues of coccidiostats may occur in the liver and eggs in some cases. However, the level of residues of each coccidiostat in edible animal tissues remained sufficiently low that the aggregate exposure of consumers would not exceed the established acceptable daily intake (ADI) of each coccidiostat. It could be concluded that technical cross-contamination of animal feeds would not be expected to adversely affect the health of consumers.
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43
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Inhibition of pancreatic stellate cell activation by halofuginone prevents pancreatic xenograft tumor development. Pancreas 2010; 39:1008-15. [PMID: 20442678 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0b013e3181da8aa3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Most solid tumors consist of neoplastic and nonneoplastic cells and extracellular matrix components. In the pancreas, activated stellate cells (PSCs) are the source of the extracellular matrix proteins. We evaluated the significance of PSC activation in tumor establishment and development in mouse xenografts. METHODS Xenografts were established by implanting human pancreatic cancer cells (MiaPaca-2) subcutaneously or orthotopically by injecting them into the spleen. Fibrosis was induced by cerulein. Collagen level was evaluated by Sirius red staining. Prolyl 4-hydroxylase β and stellate cell activation-associated protein (Cygb/STAP) were determined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Halofuginone inhibited subcutaneous tumor development implanted with Matrigel and reduced collagen and prolyl 4-hydroxylase β levels. Few tumors, which developed slowly, were observed after MiaPaca-2 implantation without Matrigel. Increase in tumor number and rate of development were observed with addition of PSCs from control pancreas, and further increase was observed when the PSCs were from cerulein-treated mice. Preincubation of the PSCs with halofuginone elicited Cygb/STAP level reduction and tumor growth inhibition. More tumors developed orthotopically in cerulein-treated mice than in controls; this was prevented by halofuginone. CONCLUSIONS Extracellular matrix production by activated PSCs is essential for tumor establishment and growth. Thus, inhibition of PSC activation is a viable means of reducing pancreatic tumor development.
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Arnaoutova I, Kleinman HK. In vitro angiogenesis: endothelial cell tube formation on gelled basement membrane extract. Nat Protoc 2010; 5:628-35. [PMID: 20224563 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2010.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 561] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A protocol is presented here for a rapid, quantitative and reliable in vitro angiogenesis assay that can be adapted for high throughput use. Endothelial cells are plated on a gelled basement matrix, their natural substrate, and form capillary-like structures with a lumen. The assay can be used to identify inhibitors or stimulators of angiogenesis, as well as genes and signaling pathways involved in angiogenesis. It has also been used to identify endothelial progenitor cells. This assay involves endothelial cell adhesion, migration, protease activity and tubule formation. This tube formation assay is preferred, as other in vitro assays for angiogenesis, such as cell adhesion, migration and invasion, measure limited steps in the angiogenesis process. The tube formation assay on basement membrane can be completed in a day because transformed endothelial cells form tubes within 3 h, whereas non-transformed endothelial cells form tubes within 6 h.
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Karakoyun B, Yüksel M, Ercan F, Salva E, Işik I, Yeğen BC. Halofuginone, a specific inhibitor of collagen type 1 synthesis, ameliorates oxidant colonic damage in rats with experimental colitis. Dig Dis Sci 2010; 55:607-16. [PMID: 19390970 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-009-0798-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2008] [Accepted: 03/17/2009] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of halofuginone on trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colonic injury, rats were given halofuginone (40 microg/kg, intraperitoneally) or saline 1 h before the induction of colitis, and the injections were continued twice daily for 3 days until they were decapitated. High macroscopic and microscopic damage scores, elevated colonic wet weights, colonic myeloperoxidase activity, malondialdehyde and tissue collagen level, and luminol chemiluminescence values, and marked reduction in glutathione level of the saline-treated colitis group were all reversed by treatment with halofuginone. In conclusion, halofuginone exerts beneficial effects in TNBS-induced colonic inflammation in rats. The anti-inflammatory effects of halofuginone appear to involve suppression of neutrophil accumulation, preservation of endogenous glutathione, and inhibition of reactive oxidant generation. Halofuginone also shows antifibrotic effect via inhibition of tissue collagen production. The present data encourage possible use of the antifibrotic halofuginone as an anti-inflammatory agent in improving oxidative injury in colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berna Karakoyun
- Health Sciences Faculty, Department of Nursing, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Halofuginone enhances the radiation sensitivity of human tumor cell lines. Cancer Lett 2009; 289:119-26. [PMID: 19713035 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2009.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2009] [Revised: 07/30/2009] [Accepted: 08/02/2009] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) is implicated in radiation-induced fibrosis of normal tissues in patients receiving radiotherapy. Inhibiting the TGF-beta signaling pathway by various means has been shown to reduce radiation-induced fibrosis in pre-clinical studies. The present study evaluated the effects of interfering with the TGF-beta signaling pathway on the radiosensitivity of selected human tumor cell lines using the plant-derived alkaloid, halofuginone. Halofuginone treatment inhibited cell growth, halted cell cycle progression, decreased radiation-induced DNA damage repair, and decreased TGF-beta receptor II protein levels, leading to increased cellular radiosensitization. These data further support the goal of manipulating the TGF-beta pathway to achieve a positive increase in the therapeutic gain in clinical radiotherapy.
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Lopes FCM, Rocha A, Pirraco A, Regasini LO, Silva DHS, Bolzani VS, Azevedo I, Carlos IZ, Soares R. Anti-angiogenic effects of pterogynidine alkaloid isolated from Alchornea glandulosa. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2009; 9:15. [PMID: 19463163 PMCID: PMC2694145 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-9-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2008] [Accepted: 05/22/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background Angiogenesis, a complex multistep process that comprehends proliferation, migration and anastomosis of endothelial cells (EC), has a major role in the development of pathologic conditions such as inflammatory diseases, tumor growth and metastasis. Brazilian flora, the most diverse in the world, is an interesting spot to prospect for new chemical leads, being an important source of new anticancer drugs. Plant-derived alkaloids have traditionally been of interest due to their pronounced physiological activities. We investigated the anti-angiogenic potential of the naturally occurring guanidine alkaloid pterogynidine (Pt) isolated from the Brazilian plant Alchornea glandulosa. The purpose of this study was to examine which features of the angiogenic process could be disturbed by Pt. Methods Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were incubated with 8 μM Pt and cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and capillary-like structures formation were addressed. Nuclear factor κB (NFκB), a transcription factor implicated in these processes, was also evaluated in HUVEC incubated with Pt. Quantifications were expressed as mean ± SD of five independent experiments and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the Dunnet test was used. Results A significant decrease in proliferation and invasion capacity and an effective increase in apoptosis as assessed by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), double-chamber and terminal transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, respectively, have been found. Pt also led to a drastic reduction in the number of capillary-like structures formation when HUVEC were cultured on growth factor reduced-Matrigel (GFR-Matrigel) coated plates. In addition, incubation of HUVEC with Pt resulted in reduced NFκB activity. Conclusion These findings emphasize the potential use of Pt against pathological situations where angiogenesis is stimulated as tumor development.
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Arnaoutova I, George J, Kleinman HK, Benton G. The endothelial cell tube formation assay on basement membrane turns 20: state of the science and the art. Angiogenesis 2009; 12:267-74. [PMID: 19399631 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-009-9146-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2009] [Accepted: 04/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
It has been more than 20 years since it was first demonstrated that endothelial cells will rapidly form capillary-like structures in vitro when plated on top of a reconstituted basement membrane extracellular matrix (BME, Matrigel, EHS matrix, etc.). Subsequently, this morphological differentiation has been demonstrated with a variety of endothelial cells; with endothelial progenitor cells; and with transformed/immortalized endothelial cells. The differentiation process involves several steps in blood vessel formation, including cell adhesion, migration, alignment, protease secretion, and tubule formation. Because the formation of vessel structures is rapid and quantifiable, endothelial cell differentiation on basement membrane has found numerous applications in assays. Such differentiation has been used (1) to study angiogenic and antiangiogenic factors, (2) to define mechanisms and pathways involved in angiogenesis, and (3) to define endothelial cell populations. Further, the endothelial cell differentiation assay has been successfully used to study processes ranging from wound repair and reproduction to development and tumor growth. The assay is easy to perform and is the most widely used in vitro angiogenesis assay.
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Newly generated heparanase knock-out mice unravel co-regulation of heparanase and matrix metalloproteinases. PLoS One 2009; 4:e5181. [PMID: 19360105 PMCID: PMC2664924 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2008] [Accepted: 03/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Heparanase, a mammalian endo-β-D-glucuronidase, specifically degrades heparan sulfate proteoglycans ubiquitously associated with the cell surface and extracellular matrix. This single gene encoded enzyme is over-expressed in most human cancers, promoting tumor metastasis and angiogenesis. Principal Findings We report that targeted disruption of the murine heparanase gene eliminated heparanase enzymatic activity, resulting in accumulation of long heparan sulfate chains. Unexpectedly, the heparanase knockout (Hpse-KO) mice were fertile, exhibited a normal life span and did not show prominent pathological alterations. The lack of major abnormalities is attributed to a marked elevation in the expression of matrix metalloproteinases, for example, MMP2 and MMP14 in the Hpse-KO liver and kidney. Co-regulation of heparanase and MMPs was also noted by a marked decrease in MMP (primarily MMP-2,-9 and 14) expression following transfection and over-expression of the heparanase gene in cultured human mammary carcinoma (MDA-MB-231) cells. Immunostaining (kidney tissue) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis (Hpse-KO mouse embryonic fibroblasts) suggest that the newly discovered co-regulation of heparanase and MMPs is mediated by stabilization and transcriptional activity of β-catenin. Conclusions/Significance The lack of heparanase expression and activity was accompanied by alterations in the expression level of MMP family members, primarily MMP-2 and MMP-14. It is conceivable that MMP-2 and MMP-14, which exert some of the effects elicited by heparanase (i.e., over branching of mammary glands, enhanced angiogenic response) can compensate for its absence, in spite of their different enzymatic substrate. Generation of viable Hpse-KO mice lacking significant abnormalities may provide a promising indication for the use of heparanase as a target for drug development.
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Smith ME, Elstad M. Mitomycin C and the endoscopic treatment of laryngotracheal stenosis: Are two applications better than one? Laryngoscope 2009; 119:272-83. [PMID: 19160408 DOI: 10.1002/lary.20056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marshall E Smith
- Division of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.
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