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Camacho DK, Go CC, Chaqour B, Shindler KS, Ross AG. Emerging Gene Therapy Technologies for Retinal Ganglion Cell Neuroprotection. J Neuroophthalmol 2023; 43:330-340. [PMID: 37440418 PMCID: PMC10527513 DOI: 10.1097/wno.0000000000001955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Optic neuropathies encompass a breadth of diseases that ultimately result in dysfunction and/or loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Although visual impairment from optic neuropathies is common, there is a lack of effective clinical treatments. Addressing a critical need for novel interventions, preclinical studies have been generating a growing body of evidence that identify promising new drug-based and cell-based therapies. Gene therapy is another emerging therapeutic field that offers the potential of specifically and robustly increasing long-term RGC survival in optic neuropathies. Gene therapy offers additional benefits of driving improvements following a single treatment administration, and it can be designed to target a variety of pathways that may be involved in individual optic neuropathies or across multiple etiologies. This review explores the history of gene therapy, the fundamentals of its application, and the emerging development of gene therapy technology as it relates to treatment of optic neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David K. Camacho
- F. M. Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Cammille C. Go
- F. M. Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Brahim Chaqour
- F. M. Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Kenneth S. Shindler
- F. M. Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Ahmara G. Ross
- F. M. Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
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2
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van Velthoven AJH, Utheim TP, Notara M, Bremond-Gignac D, Figueiredo FC, Skottman H, Aberdam D, Daniels JT, Ferrari G, Grupcheva C, Koppen C, Parekh M, Ritter T, Romano V, Ferrari S, Cursiefen C, Lagali N, LaPointe VLS, Dickman MM. Future directions in managing aniridia-associated keratopathy. Surv Ophthalmol 2023; 68:940-956. [PMID: 37146692 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Congenital aniridia is a panocular disorder that is typically characterized by iris hypoplasia and aniridia-associated keratopathy (AAK). AAK results in the progressive loss of corneal transparency and thereby loss of vision. Currently, there is no approved therapy to delay or prevent its progression, and clinical management is challenging because of phenotypic variability and high risk of complications after interventions; however, new insights into the molecular pathogenesis of AAK may help improve its management. Here, we review the current understanding about the pathogenesis and management of AAK. We highlight the biological mechanisms involved in AAK development with the aim to develop future treatment options, including surgical, pharmacological, cell therapies, and gene therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianne J H van Velthoven
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Tor P Utheim
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maria Notara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Dominique Bremond-Gignac
- Ophthalmology Department, University Hospital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP, Paris Cité University, Paris, France; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Francisco C Figueiredo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Heli Skottman
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Daniel Aberdam
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | | | - Giulio Ferrari
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Unit, Eye Repair Lab, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Christina Grupcheva
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Carina Koppen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Mohit Parekh
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas Ritter
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Vito Romano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, Ophthalmology Clinic, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Claus Cursiefen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Neil Lagali
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Vanessa L S LaPointe
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Mor M Dickman
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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3
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In Vivo and Ex Vivo Gene Electrotransfer in Ophthalmological Disorders. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081889. [PMID: 36009435 PMCID: PMC9405572 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this document is to present an overview of gene electrotransfer in ophthalmological disorders. In order to ensure an adequate variety of the assessed studies, several electronic databases were considered and studies published between January 1998 and December 2021 were analysed. Three investigators carried out data extraction and analysis, focusing on both technical (i.e., electrical protocol, type of electrode, plasmid) and medical (i.e., type of study, threated disease) aspects and highlighting the main differences in terms of results obtained. Moreover, the IGEA experience in the project “Transposon-based, targeted ex vivo gene therapy to treat age-related macular degeneration” (TargetAMD) was reported in the results section. No clinical trial was found on international literature and on ClinicalTrials.gov. Twelve preclinical studies were found including in vivo and ex-vivo applications. The studied showed that electrotransfer could be very efficient for plasmid DNA transfection. Many attempts such as modification of the electric field, buffers and electrodes have been made and the optimization of electric field setting seems to be very important. Using this technique, gene replacement can be designed in cases of retinal inheritance or corneal disease and a wide range of human eye diseases could, in the future, benefitfrom these gene therapy technologies.
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4
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Leclercq B, Mejlachowicz D, Behar-Cohen F. Ocular Barriers and Their Influence on Gene Therapy Products Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14050998. [PMID: 35631584 PMCID: PMC9143174 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14050998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The eye is formed by tissues and cavities that contain liquids whose compositions are highly regulated to ensure their optical properties and their immune and metabolic functions. The integrity of the ocular barriers, composed of different elements that work in a coordinated fashion, is essential to maintain the ocular homeostasis. Specialized junctions between the cells of different tissues have specific features which guarantee sealing properties and selectively control the passage of drugs from the circulation or the outside into the tissues and within the different ocular compartments. Tissues structure also constitute selective obstacles and pathways for various molecules. Specific transporters control the passage of water, ions, and macromolecules, whilst efflux pumps reject and eliminate toxins, metabolites, or drugs. Ocular barriers, thus, limit the bioavailability of gene therapy products in ocular tissues and cells depending on the route chosen for their administration. On the other hand, ocular barriers allow a real local treatment, with limited systemic side-effects. Understanding the different barriers that limit the accessibility of different types of gene therapy products to the different target cells is a prerequisite for the development of efficient gene delivery systems. This review summarizes actual knowledge on the different ocular barriers that limit the penetration and distribution of gene therapy products using different routes of administration, and it provides a general overview of various methods used to bypass the ocular barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastien Leclercq
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, From Physiopathology of Ocular Diseases to Clinical Development, Sorbonne University, Université de Paris Cité, Inserm, F-75006 Paris, France; (B.L.); (D.M.)
| | - Dan Mejlachowicz
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, From Physiopathology of Ocular Diseases to Clinical Development, Sorbonne University, Université de Paris Cité, Inserm, F-75006 Paris, France; (B.L.); (D.M.)
| | - Francine Behar-Cohen
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, From Physiopathology of Ocular Diseases to Clinical Development, Sorbonne University, Université de Paris Cité, Inserm, F-75006 Paris, France; (B.L.); (D.M.)
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Ophtalmopole, Cochin Hospital, Université de Paris Cité, F-75015 Paris, France
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hôpital Foch, F-92150 Suresnes, France
- Correspondence:
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5
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Buggage RR, Bordet T. Gene Therapy for Uveitis. Int Ophthalmol Clin 2021; 61:249-270. [PMID: 34584061 DOI: 10.1097/iio.0000000000000369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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6
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Conrady CD, Yeh S. A Review of Ocular Drug Delivery Platforms and Drugs for Infectious and Noninfectious Uveitis: The Past, Present, and Future. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1224. [PMID: 34452185 PMCID: PMC8399730 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveitis refers to a broad group of inflammatory disorders of the eye that often require medical and surgical management to improve or stabilize vision and prevent vision-threatening pathological changes to the eye. Drug delivery to the eye to combat inflammation and subsequent complications from uveitic conditions is complex as there are multiple barriers to absorption limiting availability of the needed drug in the affected tissues. As such, there has been substantial interest in developing new drugs and drug delivery platforms to help reduce intraocular inflammation and its complications. In this review, we discuss the challenges of drug delivery, novel technologies recently approved for uveitis patient care and promising drug delivery platforms for uveitis and sequelae of ocular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D. Conrady
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Truhlsen Eye Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Steven Yeh
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Truhlsen Eye Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
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7
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Delivery of Genetic Information: Viral Vector and Nonviral Vector Gene Therapies. Int Ophthalmol Clin 2021; 61:35-57. [PMID: 34196317 DOI: 10.1097/iio.0000000000000360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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8
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Hyperbranched Cationic Glycogen Derivative-Mediated I κB α Gene Silencing Regulates the Uveoscleral Outflow Pathway in Rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2020:8206849. [PMID: 33381584 PMCID: PMC7762656 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8206849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The role of the IκB/NF-κB signaling pathway in the uveoscleral outflow pathway was investigated with IκBα gene silencing mediated by the 3-(dimethylamino)-1-propylamine-conjugated glycogen (DMAPA-Glyp) derivative. The IκBα-siRNA-loaded DMAPA-Glyp complex was transfected into the ciliary muscles of rats by intracameral injection (labeled as the DMAPA-Glyp+siRNA group). The Lipofectamine™ 2000 (Lipo)/siRNA complex and the naked siRNA were set as the controls. The mRNA and protein expression of IκBα, NF-κBp65, and MMP-2 were analyzed by real-time PCR, western blotting, and in situ gelatin zymography. Nuclear translocation of NF-κBp65 was analyzed by immunofluorescence. Rat intraocular pressure (IOP) was monitored pre- and postinjection. Gene transfection efficiency and toxicity of the DMAPA-Glyp derivative were also evaluated. After RNA interference (RNAi), IκBα mRNA and protein expression were significantly inhibited. NF-κBp65 mRNA and protein expression showed no significant differences. Nevertheless, nuclear translocation of NF-κBp65 occurred in the DMAPA-Glyp+siRNA group. Both mRNA expression and activity of MMP-2 increased, with the largest increase in the DMAPA-Glyp+siRNA group. IOP in the DMAPA-Glyp+siRNA group fell to the lowest level on day 3 after RNAi. The levels of Cy3-siRNA in the ciliary muscle of the DMAPA-Glyp+siRNA group did not significantly decrease over time. At 7 and 14 d after RNAi, no significant pathological damage was detectable in the eyes injected with the DMAPA-Glyp derivative or the DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA complex. Taken together, our results suggest that downregulation of IκBα expression in the ciliary muscle plays a crucial role in reducing the IOP values of rats. IκBα may become a new molecular target for lowering IOP in glaucoma. The DMAPA-Glyp derivative is safe and feasible as an effective siRNA vector in rat eyes.
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9
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Bigot K, Gondouin P, Bénard R, Montagne P, Youale J, Piazza M, Picard E, Bordet T, Behar-Cohen F. Transferrin Non-Viral Gene Therapy for Treatment of Retinal Degeneration. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E836. [PMID: 32882879 PMCID: PMC7557784 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12090836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of iron metabolism is observed in animal models of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD), possibly contributing to oxidative damage of the retina. Transferrin (TF), an endogenous iron chelator, was proposed as a therapeutic candidate. Here, the efficacy of TF non-viral gene therapy based on the electrotransfection of pEYS611, a plasmid encoding human TF, into the ciliary muscle was evaluated in several rat models of retinal degeneration. pEYS611 administration allowed for the sustained intraocular production of TF for at least 3 and 6 months in rats and rabbits, respectively. In the photo-oxidative damage model, pEYS611 protected both retinal structure and function more efficiently than carnosic acid, a natural antioxidant, reduced microglial infiltration in the outer retina and preserved the integrity of the outer retinal barrier. pEYS611 also protected photoreceptors from N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced apoptosis. Finally, pEYS611 delayed structural and functional degeneration in the RCS rat model of RP while malondialdehyde (MDA) ocular content, a biomarker of oxidative stress, was decreased. The neuroprotective benefits of TF non-viral gene delivery in retinal degenerative disease models further validates iron overload as a therapeutic target and supports the continued development of pEY611 for treatment of RP and dry AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Bigot
- Eyevensys, Biopark, 11 rue Watt, 75013 Paris, France; (K.B.); (P.G.); (R.B.); (P.M.); (J.Y.); (M.P.)
| | - Pauline Gondouin
- Eyevensys, Biopark, 11 rue Watt, 75013 Paris, France; (K.B.); (P.G.); (R.B.); (P.M.); (J.Y.); (M.P.)
| | - Romain Bénard
- Eyevensys, Biopark, 11 rue Watt, 75013 Paris, France; (K.B.); (P.G.); (R.B.); (P.M.); (J.Y.); (M.P.)
| | - Pierrick Montagne
- Eyevensys, Biopark, 11 rue Watt, 75013 Paris, France; (K.B.); (P.G.); (R.B.); (P.M.); (J.Y.); (M.P.)
| | - Jenny Youale
- Eyevensys, Biopark, 11 rue Watt, 75013 Paris, France; (K.B.); (P.G.); (R.B.); (P.M.); (J.Y.); (M.P.)
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Team 17, 75006 Paris, France;
| | - Marie Piazza
- Eyevensys, Biopark, 11 rue Watt, 75013 Paris, France; (K.B.); (P.G.); (R.B.); (P.M.); (J.Y.); (M.P.)
| | - Emilie Picard
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Team 17, 75006 Paris, France;
| | - Thierry Bordet
- Eyevensys, Biopark, 11 rue Watt, 75013 Paris, France; (K.B.); (P.G.); (R.B.); (P.M.); (J.Y.); (M.P.)
| | - Francine Behar-Cohen
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Team 17, 75006 Paris, France;
- Ophtalmopole, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, 24 rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
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10
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Basu N, Ho TH, Guillon F, Zhang Y, Bigey P, Navakanta B, Bedioui F, Lazerges M. Coupling Electrochemical Adsorption and Long‐range Electron Transfer: Label‐free DNA Mismatch Detection with Ultramicroelectrode (UME). ELECTROANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201900357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita Basu
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL UniversityCNRSInstitute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences (i-CLeHS) Paris France
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering (CeNSE), Department of Electrical Communication EngineeringIndian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India
| | - Thu Huong Ho
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL UniversityCNRSInstitute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences (i-CLeHS) Paris France
| | - François‐Xavier Guillon
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL UniversityCNRSInstitute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences (i-CLeHS) Paris France
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL UniversityCNRSInstitute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences (i-CLeHS) Paris France
| | - Pascal Bigey
- UTCBS, U 1263 INSERMUniversité Paris Descartes, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité Paris 75006 France
- UTCBS, UMR 8258 CNRSUniversité Paris Descartes, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité Paris 75006 France
| | - Bhat Navakanta
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering (CeNSE), Department of Electrical Communication EngineeringIndian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India
| | - Fethi Bedioui
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL UniversityCNRSInstitute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences (i-CLeHS) Paris France
| | - Mathieu Lazerges
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL UniversityCNRSInstitute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences (i-CLeHS) Paris France
- UTCBS, U 1263 INSERMUniversité Paris Descartes, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité Paris 75006 France
- UTCBS, UMR 8258 CNRSUniversité Paris Descartes, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité Paris 75006 France
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11
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Ocular gene therapies in clinical practice: viral vectors and nonviral alternatives. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:1685-1693. [PMID: 31173914 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ocular gene therapy has entered into clinical practice. Although viral vectors are currently the best option to replace and/or correct genes, the optimal method to deliver these treatments to the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells and/or photoreceptor cells remains to be improved to increase transduction efficacy and reduce iatrogenic risks. Beyond viral-mediated gene replacement therapies, nonviral gene delivery approaches offer the promise of sustained fine-tuned expression of secreted therapeutic proteins that can be adapted to the evolving stage of the disease course and can address more common nongenetic retinal diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Here, we review current gene therapy strategies for ocular diseases, with a focus on clinical stage products.
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12
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Mignet N, Marie C, Delalande A, Manta S, Bureau MF, Renault G, Scherman D, Pichon C. Microbubbles for Nucleic Acid Delivery in Liver Using Mild Sonoporation. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1943:377-387. [PMID: 30838630 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9092-4_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound-mediated gene delivery is an interesting approach, which could help in increasing gene transfer in deep tissues. Moreover, it allows for performing experiments guided by the image to determine which elements are required. Microbubbles complexed with a eukaryotic expression cassette are excellent agents as they are responsive to ultrasounds and, upon oscillation, can destabilize membranes to enhance gene transfer. Here, we describe the preparation of positively charged microbubbles, plasmid free of antibiotic resistance marker, their combination and the conditions of ultrasound-mediated liver transfection post-systemic administration in mice. This association allowed us to obtain a superior liver gene expression at least over 8 months after a single injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Mignet
- Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), INSERM, U1022, Paris, France. .,CNRS, UMR8258, Paris, France. .,Faculté de Pharmacie, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France. .,Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, Paris, France.
| | - Corinne Marie
- INSERM, U1022, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8258, Paris, France.,Faculté de Pharmacie, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Anthony Delalande
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire and Université d'Orléans, CNRS-UPR 4301, Orléans, France
| | - Simona Manta
- INSERM, U1022, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8258, Paris, France.,Faculté de Pharmacie, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Michel-Francis Bureau
- INSERM, U1022, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8258, Paris, France.,Faculté de Pharmacie, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Gilles Renault
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Scherman
- INSERM, U1022, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8258, Paris, France.,Faculté de Pharmacie, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Chantal Pichon
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire and Université d'Orléans, CNRS-UPR 4301, Orléans, France
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13
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Prel A, Caval V, Gayon R, Ravassard P, Duthoit C, Payen E, Maouche-Chretien L, Creneguy A, Nguyen TH, Martin N, Piver E, Sevrain R, Lamouroux L, Leboulch P, Deschaseaux F, Bouillé P, Sensébé L, Pagès JC. Highly efficient in vitro and in vivo delivery of functional RNAs using new versatile MS2-chimeric retrovirus-like particles. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2015; 2:15039. [PMID: 26528487 PMCID: PMC4613645 DOI: 10.1038/mtm.2015.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
RNA delivery is an attractive strategy to achieve transient gene expression in research projects and in cell- or gene-based therapies. Despite significant efforts investigating vector-directed RNA transfer, there is still a requirement for better efficiency of delivery to primary cells and in vivo. Retroviral platforms drive RNA delivery, yet retrovirus RNA-packaging constraints limit gene transfer to two genome-molecules per viral particle. To improve retroviral transfer, we designed a dimerization-independent MS2-driven RNA packaging system using MS2-Coat-retrovirus chimeras. The engineered chimeric particles promoted effective packaging of several types of RNAs and enabled efficient transfer of biologically active RNAs in various cell types, including human CD34(+) and iPS cells. Systemic injection of high-titer particles led to gene expression in mouse liver and transferring Cre-recombinase mRNA in muscle permitted widespread editing at the ROSA26 locus. We could further show that the VLPs were able to activate an osteoblast differentiation pathway by delivering RUNX2- or DLX5-mRNA into primary human bone-marrow mesenchymal-stem cells. Thus, the novel chimeric MS2-lentiviral particles are a versatile tool for a wide range of applications including cellular-programming or genome-editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Prel
- Université François Rabelais de Tours, INSERM UMR 966, Tours, France
- UMR UPS/CNRS 5273, EFS-PM, INSERM U1031, Toulouse, France
| | - Vincent Caval
- Université François Rabelais de Tours, INSERM UMR 966, Tours, France
| | - Régis Gayon
- Vectalys, Bâtiment Canal Biotech 2, Parc Technologique du Canal 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Philippe Ravassard
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle (ICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie, CNRS UMR7225; INSERM U1127, Biotechnologies and Biothérapies Team, Paris, France
| | - Christine Duthoit
- Vectalys, Bâtiment Canal Biotech 2, Parc Technologique du Canal 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Emmanuel Payen
- CEA/Université Paris Sud (UMR-E 007), Institut of Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies (iMETI), CEA de Fontenay aux Roses, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Leila Maouche-Chretien
- CEA/Université Paris Sud (UMR-E 007), Institut of Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies (iMETI), CEA de Fontenay aux Roses, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Alison Creneguy
- INSERM UMRS 1064, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Hôtel Dieu, Nantes, France
- Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Tuan Huy Nguyen
- INSERM UMRS 1064, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Hôtel Dieu, Nantes, France
- Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Nicolas Martin
- Vectalys, Bâtiment Canal Biotech 2, Parc Technologique du Canal 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Eric Piver
- Université François Rabelais de Tours, INSERM UMR 966, Tours, France
- CHRU de Tours, Laboratoire de biochimie et biologie moléculaire, Tours, France
| | - Raphaël Sevrain
- Vectalys, Bâtiment Canal Biotech 2, Parc Technologique du Canal 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Lucille Lamouroux
- Vectalys, Bâtiment Canal Biotech 2, Parc Technologique du Canal 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Philippe Leboulch
- CEA/Université Paris Sud (UMR-E 007), Institut of Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies (iMETI), CEA de Fontenay aux Roses, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | | | - Pascale Bouillé
- Vectalys, Bâtiment Canal Biotech 2, Parc Technologique du Canal 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Luc Sensébé
- UMR UPS/CNRS 5273, EFS-PM, INSERM U1031, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Pagès
- Université François Rabelais de Tours, INSERM UMR 966, Tours, France
- CHRU de Tours, Laboratoire de biochimie et biologie moléculaire, Tours, France
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Reschner A, Scohy S, Vandermeulen G, Daukandt M, Jacques C, Michel B, Nauwynck H, Xhonneux F, Préat V, Vanderplasschen A, Szpirer C. Use of Staby(®) technology for development and production of DNA vaccines free of antibiotic resistance gene. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2013; 9:2203-10. [PMID: 24051431 DOI: 10.4161/hv.25086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The appearance of new viruses and the cost of developing certain vaccines require that new vaccination strategies now have to be developed. DNA vaccination seems to be a particularly promising method. For this application, plasmid DNA is injected into the subject (man or animal). This plasmid DNA encodes an antigen that will be expressed by the cells of the subject. In addition to the antigen, the plasmid also encodes a resistance to an antibiotic, which is used during the construction and production steps of the plasmid. However, regulatory agencies (FDA, USDA and EMA) recommend to avoid the use of antibiotics resistance genes. Delphi Genetics developed the Staby(®) technology to replace the antibiotic-resistance gene by a selection system that relies on two bacterial genes. These genes are small in size (approximately 200 to 300 bases each) and consequently encode two small proteins. They are naturally present in the genomes of bacteria and on plasmids. The technology is already used successfully for production of recombinant proteins to achieve higher yields and without the need of antibiotics. In the field of DNA vaccines, we have now the first data validating the innocuousness of this Staby(®) technology for eukaryotic cells and the feasibility of an industrial production of an antibiotic-free DNA vaccine. Moreover, as a proof of concept, mice have been successfully vaccinated with our antibiotic-free DNA vaccine against a deadly disease, pseudorabies (induced by Suid herpesvirus-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Reschner
- University of Liège; Immunology-Vaccinology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Gaëlle Vandermeulen
- Université catholique de Louvain; Louvain Drug Research Institute; Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery; Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Hans Nauwynck
- Ghent University; Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Merelbeke, Belgium
| | | | - Véronique Préat
- Université catholique de Louvain; Louvain Drug Research Institute; Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery; Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alain Vanderplasschen
- University of Liège; Immunology-Vaccinology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Liège, Belgium
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15
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Chaplot SP, Rupenthal ID. Dendrimers for gene delivery – a potential approach for ocular therapy? J Pharm Pharmacol 2013; 66:542-56. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
A vast number of blinding diseases have genetic aetiologies and may be treated by molecular based therapies such as antisense oligonucleotides or short interfering RNA. However, treatment success of ocular gene therapy is highly dependent on efficient delivery of such molecules.
Key findings
The majority of clinical studies for ocular gene therapy utilize viral vectors. While these have proven highly efficient, they show limited loading capacity and pose significant safety risks owing to their oncogenic and immunogenic effects. Non-viral gene carriers have emerged as a promising alternative with dendrimers providing great potential for gene therapy because of their size, shape and high density of modifiable surface groups. However, while dendrimers have been used extensively for drug and gene delivery to other organs, only a few studies have been reported on the eye.
Summary
This review focuses on the development of dendrimers for gene delivery with special emphasis on ocular gene therapy. Different synthesis approaches and types of dendrimers are discussed. Ocular gene therapy targets are highlighted with an overview of current clinical studies. The use of dendrimers in ocular gene delivery in comparison to liposomes and nanoparticles is also discussed. Finally, future prospects of tailored multifunctional dendrimers for ocular gene therapy are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil P Chaplot
- Drug Delivery Research Unit, School of Pharmacy, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ilva D Rupenthal
- Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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16
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Abstract
Noninfectious intraocular inflammatory disease remains a significant cause of visual loss, even with current systemic immunosuppression. Alternative novel treatments are thus required, particularly for severe forms of posterior uveitis. Encouraging results from several phase I/II clinical trials of gene therapy for monogenic retinal disorders have paved the way for the development of this approach for other ocular conditions. Gene therapy for uveitis offers the possibility of potent, self-regulating, long-term disease control following a single treatment and without systemic side effects. To date, gene therapy approaches using interleukin-10, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, interferon-alpha, soluble TNF-alpha receptors, and alpha-MSH gene transfer have been used successfully to attenuate experimental animal models of uveitis. This review evaluates these preclinical studies, considers the route to clinical application, and explores future targets and approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Chu
- University of Bristol, School of Clinical Sciences, Bristol Eye Hospital, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS1 2LX, UK
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17
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Schlegel A, Bigey P, Dhotel H, Scherman D, Escriou V. Reduced in vitro and in vivo toxicity of siRNA-lipoplexes with addition of polyglutamate. J Control Release 2012; 165:1-8. [PMID: 23123257 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Revised: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We previously designed a new siRNA vector that efficiently silences genes in vitro and in vivo. The vector originality is based on the fact that, in addition to the siRNA molecule, it contains two components: 1) a cationic liposome that auto-associates with the siRNA to form particles called "lipoplexes" and, 2) an anionic polymer which enhances the lipoplex's efficiency. This anionic polymer can be a nucleic acid, a polypeptide or a polysaccharide. We show here how the nature of the added anionic polymer into our siRNA delivery system impacts the toxic effects induced by siRNA lipoplexes. We first observed that: (i) siRNA lipoplexes-induced toxicity was cell line dependent, tumoral cell lines being the more sensitive; and (ii) plasmid DNA-containing siRNA lipoplexes were more toxic than polyglutamate-containing ones or cationic liposomes. We next determined that the toxicity induced by plasmid-containing lipoplexes is a long-lasting effect that decreased cell survival capacity for several generations. We also found that treated cells underwent death following apoptosis pathway. Systemic injection to mice of siRNA lipoplexes, rather than of cationic liposome, triggered a production of several cytokines in mice and replacement of plasmid by polyglutamate reduced the elevation of all assayed cytokines. In order to enhance siRNA lipoplexes efficiency, the addition of polyglutamate as anionic polymer should be preferred to plasmid DNA as far as in vitro as well as in vivo toxicity is concerned.
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18
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Fang Y, Mo X, Luo Y, Lu Y. BAX gene over-expression via nucleofection to induce apoptosis in human lens epithelial cells. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2012; 237:1000-6. [PMID: 22946090 DOI: 10.1258/ebm.2012.012108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advances in cataract surgery techniques, posterior capsule opacification (PCO) remains a common complication. In PCO, remaining epithelial cells cloud the lens capsule and impair postoperative vision. This in vitro study was designed to investigate the potential of a gene-based approach, specifically over-expression of the proapoptotic BAX gene, to prevent PCO. Human lens epithelial cells (HLECs) were transfected by nucleofection with a plasmid encoding a fusion protein of green fluorescent protein and human BAX. The expression levels of BAX and its antiapoptotic counterpart BCL2 were determined by realtime reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting and immunofluorescence. BAX over-expression-induced cell death was analyzed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting using the Annexin V antibody. Fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to assess changes in morphology and ultrastructure. Differential expression of the downstream apoptosis-related factor, caspase 3, was detected by Western blotting. Nucleofection efficiency was high (nearly 80%). BAX-transfected HLECs showed remarkably enhanced BAX gene expression and BAX:BCL2 ratio, but relatively little change in endogenous BCL2 expression. BAX over-expression also led to significant cytotoxicity, induction of apoptosis-related characteristics and activation of caspase 3. In conclusion, our results indicate that BAX gene over-expression can trigger cell death in HLECs via an apoptotic pathway. Thus, BAX may be a promising candidate for human gene therapy to treat PCO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwen Fang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
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19
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Kowalczuk L, Boudinet M, El Sanharawi M, Touchard E, Naud MC, Saïed A, Jeanny JC, Behar-Cohen F, Laugier P. In vivo gene transfer into the ocular ciliary muscle mediated by ultrasound and microbubbles. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2011; 37:1814-1827. [PMID: 21963032 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2011.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Revised: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 07/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess application of ultrasound (US) combined with microbubbles (MB) to transfect the ciliary muscle of rat eyes. Reporter DNA plasmids encoding for Gaussia luciferase, β-galactosidase or the green fluorescent protein (GFP), alone or mixed with 50% Artison MB, were injected into the ciliary muscle, with or without US exposure (US set at 1 MHz, 2 W/cm(2), 50% duty cycle for 2 min). Luciferase activity was measured in ocular fluids at 7 and 30 days after sonoporation. At 1 week, the US+MB treatment showed a significant increase in luminescence compared with control eyes, injected with plasmid only, with or without MB (×2.6), and, reporter proteins were localized in the ciliary muscle by histochemical analysis. At 1 month, a significant decrease in luciferase activity was observed in all groups. A rise in lens and ciliary muscle temperature was measured during the procedure but did not result in any observable or microscopic damages at 1 and 8 days. The feasibility to transfer gene into the ciliary muscle by US and MB suggests that sonoporation may allow intraocular production of proteins for the treatment of inflammatory, angiogenic and/or degenerative retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kowalczuk
- Inserm U872, Physiopathology of Ocular Diseases: Therapeutic Innovations, Paris, France
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20
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Non-viral gene therapy for GDNF production in RCS rat: the crucial role of the plasmid dose. Gene Ther 2011; 19:886-98. [DOI: 10.1038/gt.2011.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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21
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Placental growth factor contributes to micro-vascular abnormalization and blood-retinal barrier breakdown in diabetic retinopathy. PLoS One 2011; 6:e17462. [PMID: 21408222 PMCID: PMC3049767 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2010] [Accepted: 02/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective There are controversies regarding the pro-angiogenic activity of placental growth factor (PGF) in diabetic retinopathy (DR). For a better understanding of its role on the retina, we have evaluated the effect of a sustained PGF over-expression in rat ocular media, using ciliary muscle electrotransfer (ET) of a plasmid encoding rat PGF-1 (pVAX2-rPGF-1). Materials and Methods pVAX2-rPGF-1 ET in the ciliary muscle (200 V/cm) was achieved in non diabetic and diabetic rat eyes. Control eyes received saline or naked plasmid ET. Clinical follow up was carried out over three months using slit lamp examination and fluorescein angiography. After the control of rPGF-1 expression, PGF-induced effects on retinal vasculature and on the blood-external barrier were evaluated respectively by lectin and occludin staining on flat-mounts. Ocular structures were visualized through histological analysis. Results After fifteen days of rPGF-1 over-expression in normal eyes, tortuous and dilated capillaries were observed. At one month, microaneurysms and moderate vascular sprouts were detected in mid retinal periphery in vivo and on retinal flat-mounts. At later stages, retinal pigmented epithelial cells demonstrated morphological abnormalities and junction ruptures. In diabetic retinas, PGF expression rose between 2 and 5 months, and, one month after ET, rPGF-1 over-expression induced glial activation and proliferation. Conclusion This is the first demonstration that sustained intraocular PGF production induces vascular and retinal changes similar to those observed in the early stages of diabetic retinopathy. PGF and its receptor Flt-1 may therefore be looked upon as a potential regulatory target at this stage of the disease.
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22
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Edelhauser HF, Rowe-Rendleman CL, Robinson MR, Dawson DG, Chader GJ, Grossniklaus HE, Rittenhouse KD, Wilson CG, Weber DA, Kuppermann BD, Csaky KG, Olsen TW, Kompella UB, Holers VM, Hageman GS, Gilger BC, Campochiaro PA, Whitcup SM, Wong WT. Ophthalmic drug delivery systems for the treatment of retinal diseases: basic research to clinical applications. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2010; 51:5403-20. [PMID: 20980702 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.10-5392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Henry F Edelhauser
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.
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23
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Touchard E, Kowalczuk L, Bloquel C, Naud MC, Bigey P, Behar-Cohen F. The ciliary smooth muscle electrotransfer: basic principles and potential for sustained intraocular production of therapeutic proteins. J Gene Med 2010; 12:904-19. [DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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24
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Wasungu L, Marty AL, Bureau MF, Kichler A, Bessodes M, Teissie J, Scherman D, Rols MP, Mignet N. Pre-treatment of cells with pluronic L64 increases DNA transfection mediated by electrotransfer. J Control Release 2010; 149:117-25. [PMID: 20888380 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2010.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2010] [Revised: 09/21/2010] [Accepted: 09/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Gene transfer into muscle cells is a key issue in biomedical research. Indeed, it is important for the development of new therapy for many genetic disorders affecting this tissue and for the use of muscle tissue as a secretion platform of therapeutic proteins. Electrotransfer is a promising method to achieve gene expression in muscles. However, this method can lead to some tissue damage especially on pathologic muscles. Therefore there is a need for the development of new and less deleterious methods. Triblock copolymers as pluronic L64 are starting to be used to improve gene transfer mediated by several agents into muscle tissue. Their mechanism of action is still under investigation. The combination of electrotransfer and triblock copolymers, in allowing softening electric field conditions leading to efficient DNA transfection, could potentially represent a milder and more secure transfection method. In the present study, we addressed the possible synergy that could be obtained by combining the copolymer triblock L64 and electroporation. We have found that a pre-treatment of cells with L64 could improve the transfection efficiency. This pre-treatment was shown to increase cell viability and this is partly responsible for the improvement of transfection efficiency. We have then labelled the plasmid DNA and the pluronic L64 in order to gain some insights into the mechanism of transfection of the combined physical and chemical methods. These experiences allowed us to exclude an action of L64 either on membrane permeabilization or on DNA/membrane interaction. Using plasmids containing or not binding sequences for NF-κB and an inhibitor of NF-κB pathway activation we have shown that this beneficial effect was rather related to the NF-κB signalling pathway, as it is described for other pluronics. Finally we address here some mechanistic issues on electrically mediated transfection, L64 mediated membrane permeabilization and the combination of both for gene transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Wasungu
- CNRS, IPBS (Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale), 205 route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France
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25
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Marie C, Vandermeulen G, Quiviger M, Richard M, Préat V, Scherman D. pFARs, plasmids free of antibiotic resistance markers, display high-level transgene expression in muscle, skin and tumour cells. J Gene Med 2010; 12:323-32. [PMID: 20209487 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonviral gene therapy requires a high yield and a low cost production of eukaryotic expression vectors that meet defined criteria such as biosafety and quality of pharmaceutical grade. To fulfil these objectives, we designed a novel antibiotic-free selection system. METHODS The proposed strategy relies on the suppression of a chromosomal amber mutation by a plasmid-borne function. We first introduced a nonsense mutation into the essential Escherichia coli thyA gene, resulting in thymidine auxotrophy. The bacterial strain was optimized for the production of small and novel plasmids free of antibiotic resistance markers (pFARs) and encoding an amber suppressor t-RNA. Finally, the potentiality of pFARs as eukaryotic expression vectors was assessed by monitoring luciferase activities after electrotransfer of LUC-encoding plasmids into various tissues. RESULTS The introduction of pFARs into the optimized bacterial strain restored normal growth to the auxotrophic mutant and allowed an efficient production of monomeric supercoiled plasmids. The electrotransfer of LUC-encoding pFAR into muscle led to high luciferase activities, demonstrating an efficient gene delivery. In transplanted tumours, transgene expression levels were superior after electrotransfer of the pFAR derivative compared to a plasmid carrying a kanamycin resistance gene. Finally, in skin, whereas luciferase activities decreased within 3 weeks after intradermal electrotransfer of a conventional expression vector, sustained luciferase expression was observed with the pFAR plasmid. CONCLUSIONS Thus, we have designed a novel strategy for the efficient production of biosafe plasmids and demonstrated their potentiality for nonviral gene delivery and high-level transgene expression in several tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Marie
- Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Pharmacie, Unité de Pharmacologie Chimique et Génétique et d'Imagerie, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, INSERM U1022, CNRS UMR8151, Paris, France.
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26
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Gene Transfer: How Can the Biological Barriers Be Overcome? J Membr Biol 2010; 236:61-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s00232-010-9275-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2010] [Accepted: 06/11/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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27
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Soluble TNF-α receptor secretion from healthy or dystrophic mice after AAV6-mediated muscle gene transfer. Gene Ther 2010; 17:1400-10. [PMID: 20596058 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2010.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Muscle is an attractive target because it is easily accessible; it also offers a permissive environment for adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated gene transfer and has an abundant blood vascular supply providing an efficient transport system for the secretion of proteins. However, gene therapy of dystrophic muscle may be more difficult than that of healthy tissue because of degenerative-regenerative processes, and also because of the inflammatory context. In this study we followed the expression levels of secreted inhibitors of the proinflammatory tumor necrosis factor (TNF) cytokine after intramuscular (i.m.) injection of AAV6 into dystrophic mdx and healthy C57BL/10 mice. We used two chimeric proteins, namely, the human or murine TNF-soluble receptor I fused with the murine heavy immunoglobulin chain. We conducted an AAV6 dose-response study and determined the kinetics of transgene expression. In addition, we followed the antibody response against the transgenes and studied their expression pattern in the muscle. Our results show that transduction efficiency is reduced in dystrophic muscles as compared with healthy ones. Furthermore, we found that the immune response against the secreted protein is stronger in mdx mice. Together, our results underscore that the pathological state of the muscle has to be taken into consideration when designing gene therapy approaches.
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28
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El Sanharawi M, Kowalczuk L, Touchard E, Omri S, de Kozak Y, Behar-Cohen F. Protein delivery for retinal diseases: from basic considerations to clinical applications. Prog Retin Eye Res 2010; 29:443-65. [PMID: 20398784 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2010.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Because the eye is protected by ocular barriers but is also easily accessible, direct intravitreous injections of therapeutic proteins allow for specific and targeted treatment of retinal diseases. Low doses of proteins are required in this confined environment and a long time of residency in the vitreous is expected, making the eye the ideal organ for local proteic therapies. Monthly intravitreous injection of Ranibizumab, an anti-VEGF Fab has become the standard of care for patients presenting wet AMD. It has brought the proof of concept that administering proteins into the physiologically low proteic concentration vitreous can be performed safely. Other antibodies, Fab, peptides and growth factors have been shown to exert beneficial effects on animal models when administered within the therapeutic and safe window. To extend the use of such biomolecules in the ophthalmology practice, optimization of treatment regimens and efficacy is required. Basic knowledge remains to be increased on how different proteins/peptides penetrate into the eye and the ocular tissues, distribute in the vitreous, penetrate into the retinal layers and/or cells, are eliminated from the eye or metabolized. This should serve as a basis for designing novel drug delivery systems. The later should be non-or minimally invasive and should allow for a controlled, scalable and sustained release of the therapeutic proteins in the ocular media. This paper reviews the actual knowledge regarding protein delivery for eye diseases and describes novel non-viral gene therapy technologies particularly adapted for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- M El Sanharawi
- Inserm, UMRS 872, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
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Golzio M, Mazeres S, Teissie J. Electrodes for in vivo localised subcutaneous electropulsation and associated drug and nucleic acid delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2010; 6:1323-31. [PMID: 19860535 DOI: 10.1517/17425240903294043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug and nucleic acids can be delivered in vivo by an injection of the product followed by the application of a train of electric pulses. OBJECTIVE The success of the method is linked to the proper distribution of the electric field in the target tissue. This is under the control of the design of the electrodes. METHODS The field distribution can be obtained by computer simulation mainly by using numerical methods and simplifying hypothesis. The conclusions are validated by comparing the computed current and its experimental values on phantoms. A good agreement is obtained. RESULTS/CONCLUSION Targeting the delivery to the skin can be obtained by using an array of very short needle electrodes, by pinching the skin between two parallel plate electrodes, or by using contact wire electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Golzio
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, 205 route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France
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30
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Wells DJ. Electroporation and ultrasound enhanced non-viral gene delivery in vitro and in vivo. Cell Biol Toxicol 2009; 26:21-8. [PMID: 19949971 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-009-9144-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2009] [Accepted: 11/11/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Non-viral vectors are less efficient than the use of viral vectors for delivery of genetic material to cells in vitro and especially in vivo. However, viral vectors involve the use of foreign proteins that can stimulate both the innate and acquired immune response. In contrast, plasmid DNA can be delivered without carrier proteins and is non-immunogenic. Plasmid gene delivery can be enhanced by the use of physical methods that aid the passage of the plasmid through the cell membrane. Electroporation and microbubble-enhanced ultrasound are two of the most effective physical delivery methods and these can be applied to a range of different cell types in vitro and a broad range of tissues in vivo. Both techniques also have the advantage that, unlike viral vectors, they can be used to target specific tissues with systemic delivery. Although electroporation is often the more efficient of the two, microbubble-enhanced ultrasound causes less damage and is less invasive. This review provides an introduction to the methodology and summarises the range of cells and tissues that have been genetically modified using these techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic J Wells
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Imperial College London, UK.
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31
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Touchard E, Bloquel C, Bigey P, Kowalczuc L, Jonet L, Thillaye-Goldenberg B, Naud MC, Scherman D, Kozak YD, BenEzra D, Behar-Cohen F. Effects of ciliary muscle plasmid electrotransfer of TNF-α soluble receptor variants in experimental uveitis. Gene Ther 2009; 16:862-73. [DOI: 10.1038/gt.2009.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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32
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Camelo S, Lajavardi L, Bochot A, Goldenberg B, Naud MC, Brunel N, Lescure B, Klein C, Fattal E, Behar-Cohen F, de Kozak Y. Protective effect of intravitreal injection of vasoactive intestinal peptide-loaded liposomes on experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2009; 25:9-21. [PMID: 19232006 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2008.0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a single intravitreal (i.v.t.) injection of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) loaded in rhodamine-conjugated liposomes (VIP-Rh-Lip) on experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU). METHODS An i.v.t. injection of VIP-Rh-Lip, saline, VIP, or empty-(E)-Rh-Lip was performed simultaneously, either 6 or 12 days after footpad immunization with retinal S-antigen in Lewis rats. Clinical and histologic scores were determined. Immunohistochemistry and cytokine quantification by multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were performed in ocular tissues. Systemic immune response was determined at day 20 postimmunization by measuring proliferation and cytokine secretion of cells from inguinal lymph nodes (ILNs) draining the immunization site, specific delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH), and the serum concentration of cytokines. Ocular and systemic biodistribution of VIP-Rh-Lip was studied in normal and EAU rats by immunofluorescence. RESULTS The i.v.t. injection of VIP-Rh-Lip performed during the afferent, but not the efferent, phase of the disease reduced clinical EAU and protected against retinal damage. No effect was observed after saline, E-Rh-Lip, or VIP injection. VIP-Rh-Lip and VIP were detected in intraocular macrophages and in lymphoid organs. In VIP-Rh-Lip-treated eyes, macrophages expressed transforming growth factor-beta2, low levels of major histocompatibility complex class II, and nitric oxide synthase-2. T-cells showed activated caspase-3 with the preservation of photoreceptors. Intraocular levels of interleukin (IL)-2, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), IL-17, IL-4, GRO/KC, and CCL5 were reduced with increased IL-13. At the systemic level, treatment reduced retinal soluble autoantigen lymphocyte proliferation, decreased IL-2, and increased IL-10 in ILN cells, and diminished specific DTH and serum concentration of IL-12 and IFN-gamma. CONCLUSIONS An i.v.t. injection of VIP-Rh-Lip, performed during the afferent stage of immune response, reduced EAU pathology through the immunomodulation of intraocular macrophages and deviant stimulation of T-cells in ILN. Thus, the encapsulation of VIP within liposomes appears as an effective strategy to deliver VIP into the eye and is an efficient means of the prevention of EAU severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Camelo
- INSERM, U872 Physiopathology of Ocular Disease, Therapeutic Innovations, Paris, France
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Trollet C, Scherman D, Bigey P. Delivery of DNA into muscle for treating systemic diseases: advantages and challenges. Methods Mol Biol 2008; 423:199-214. [PMID: 18370200 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59745-194-9_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
An efficient and safe method to deliver DNA in vivo is a requirement for several purposes, such as the study of gene function and gene therapy applications. Among the different nonviral delivery methods currently under investigation, in vivo DNA electrotransfer has proven to be one of the most efficient and simple methods. This technique is a physical method of gene delivery consisting of a local application of electric pulses after injection of DNA. This technique can be applied to almost any tissue of a living animal, including tumors, skin, liver, kidney, artery, retina, cornea, or even brain, but the focus of this review will be on electrotransfer of plasmid DNA into skeletal muscle and its possible therapeutic uses for systemic diseases. Skeletal muscle is a good target for electrotransfer of DNA because of the following features: a large volume of easily accessible tissue, an endocrine organ capable of expressing several local and systemic factors, and muscle fibers as postmitotic cells have a long lifespan, which allows long-term gene expression. In this review, we will describe the main characteristics of DNA electrotransfer, including toxicity and safety issues related to this technique. We will focus on the important possible therapeutic applications of electrotransfer for systemic diseases demonstrated in animal models in the recent years, in the fields of monogenic diseases, tissue-specific diseases, metabolic disorders, immune-system-related diseases, and cancer. Finally, we will discuss the advantages and challenges of this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Capucine Trollet
- Unité de Pharmacologie Chimique et Génétique, Faculté de Pharmacie, René Descartes Paris 5 University, Paris, France
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Abstract
As in vivo electroporation advances from the preclinical phase to clinical studies and eventually to routine medical practice, the design of electroporation devices becomes increasingly important. Achieving safety and efficacy levels that meet regulatory requirements, as well as user and patient friendliness, are major design considerations. In addition, the devices will have to be economical to manufacture. This chapter will focus on the design of applicators and electrodes, the pieces of hardware in direct contact with the user and the patient, and thus key elements responsible for the safety and efficacy of the procedure. The two major foreseeable applications of the technology in the DNA field are for gene therapy and DNA vaccination. Design requirements differ considerably for these applications and for the diseases to be treated or prevented. In addition to the trend of device differentiation, there is also a trend to build devices capable of performing both the step of delivering the DNA to the target tissue and the subsequent step of electroporation. This chapter presents the electrical and biological principles underlying applicator and electrode design, gives an overview of existing devices, and discusses their advantages and disadvantages. The chapter also outlines major design considerations, including regulatory pathways, and points out potential future developments.
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Abstract
Obesity and its related cluster of pathophysiologic conditions including insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension are recognized as growing threats to world health. It is now estimated that 10% of the world's population is overweight or obese. As a result, new therapeutic options for the treatment of obesity are clearly warranted. Recent research has focused on the role that gp130 receptor ligands may play as potential therapeutic targets in obesity. One cytokine in particular, ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), acts both centrally and peripherally and mimics the biologic actions of the appetite control hormone leptin, but unlike leptin, CNTF appears to be effective in obesity and as such may have therapeutic potential. In addition, CNTF suppresses inflammatory signaling cascades associated with lipid accumulation in liver and skeletal muscle. This review examines the potential role of gp130 receptor ligands as part of a therapeutic strategy to treat obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Febbraio
- Cellular and Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, Division of Diabetes and Metabolism, Baker Heart Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Bejjani RA, Andrieu C, Bloquel C, Berdugo M, BenEzra D, Behar-Cohen F. Electrically Assisted Ocular Gene Therapy. Surv Ophthalmol 2007; 52:196-208. [PMID: 17355857 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2006.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Electrotransfer and iontophoresis are being developed as innovative non-viral gene delivery systems for the treatment of eye diseases. These two techniques rely on the use of electric current to allow for higher transfection yield of various ocular cell types in vivo. Short pulses of relatively high-intensity electric fields are used for electrotransfer delivery, whereas the iontophoresis technique is based on the application of low voltage electric current. The basic principles of these techniques and their potential therapeutic application for diseases of the anterior and posterior segments of the eye are reviewed. Iontophoresis has been found most efficient for the delivery of small nucleic acid fragments such as antisense oligonucleotides, siRNA, or ribozymes. Electrotransfer, on the other hand, is being developed for the delivery of oligonucleotides or custom designed plasmids. The wide range of strategies already validated and the potential for targeting specific types of cells confirm the promising early observations made using electrotransfer and iontophoresis. These two nonviral delivery systems are safe and can be used efficiently for targeted gene delivery to ocular tissues in vivo. At the present, their application for the treatment of ocular human diseases is nearing its final stages of adaptation and practical implementation at the bedside.
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Bloquel C, Bourges JL, Touchard E, Berdugo M, BenEzra D, Behar-Cohen F. Non-viral ocular gene therapy: potential ocular therapeutic avenues. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2006; 58:1224-42. [PMID: 17095114 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2006.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2006] [Accepted: 07/31/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Non-viral vectors for potential gene replacement and therapy have been developed in order to overcome the drawbacks of viral vectors. The diversity of non-viral vectors allows for a wide range of various products, flexibility of application, ease of use, low-cost of production and enhanced "genomic" safety. Using non-viral strategies, oligonucleotides (ODNs) can be delivered naked (less efficient) or entrapped in cationic lipids, polymers or peptides forming slow release delivery systems, which can be adapted according to the organ targeted and the therapy purposes. Tissue and cell internalization can be further enhanced by changing by physical or chemical means. Moreover, a specific vector can be selected according to disease course and intensity of manifestations fulfilling specific requirements such as the duration of drug release and its level along with cells and tissues specific targeting. From accumulating knowledge and experience, it appears that combination of several non-viral techniques may increase the efficacy and ensure the safety of these evolving and interesting gene therapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bloquel
- INSERM U598, Physiopathology of Ocular Diseases, Therapeutic innovations, René Descartes University, Paris 5, 15 Rue de l'Ecole de Médecine 75006 Paris, France
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Affiliation(s)
- Loree C Heller
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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