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Szabo I, Szewczyk A. Mitochondrial Ion Channels. Annu Rev Biophys 2023; 52:229-254. [PMID: 37159294 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biophys-092622-094853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are involved in multiple cellular tasks, such as ATP synthesis, metabolism, metabolite and ion transport, regulation of apoptosis, inflammation, signaling, and inheritance of mitochondrial DNA. The majority of the correct functioning of mitochondria is based on the large electrochemical proton gradient, whose component, the inner mitochondrial membrane potential, is strictly controlled by ion transport through mitochondrial membranes. Consequently, mitochondrial function is critically dependent on ion homeostasis, the disturbance of which leads to abnormal cell functions. Therefore, the discovery of mitochondrial ion channels influencing ion permeability through the membrane has defined a new dimension of the function of ion channels in different cell types, mainly linked to the important tasks that mitochondrial ion channels perform in cell life and death. This review summarizes studies on animal mitochondrial ion channels with special focus on their biophysical properties, molecular identity, and regulation. Additionally, the potential of mitochondrial ion channels as therapeutic targets for several diseases is briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildiko Szabo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Italy;
| | - Adam Szewczyk
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland;
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2
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Kang X, Liu L, Wang W, Wang Y. Effects of different doses of dopamine receptor agonist pramipexole on neurobehaviors and changes of mitochondrial membrane potentials in rats with global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2023; 32:107142. [PMID: 37105127 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2023.107142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effects of different doses of dopamine receptor agonist pramipexole on neurobehaviors and changes of mitochondrial membrane potential in rats with global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. METHODS A total of 75 SPF Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into sham group (n=20), model group (n=20), pramipexole administration group (n=35). The rat model of global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury was prepared by the modified Pulsinelli's four-vessel occlusion method. Pramipexole administration group was administered intraperitoneally in rats with global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury at different doses of pramipexole 0.25 mg/kg, 0.5 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg, 2 mg/kg, once a day for 14 consecutive days. Based on the results of modified neurological severity scores, open field test and morphology by Nissl's staining to determine the optimal dose of pramipexole. Mitochondrial membrane potential in the optimal dose of pramipexole administration group were measured by the JC-1 fluorescent probe staining method. RESULTS 1. Different doses of pramipexole 0.25 mg/kg, 0.5 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg, and 2 mg/kg, were used as drug administration in rats with global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury for 14 consecutive days, and we found that all four doses of pramipexole could improve the modified neurological severity scores of rats with global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury to varying degrees, but only 0.5 mg/kg pramipexole at 1, 3, 7 and 14 days consistently reduced modified neurological severity scores and improved neurological function in rats with global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. In the open-field test, only 0.5 mg/kg pramipexole increased the number of entries into the central zone, duration spent in the central zone, total distance travelled in the open field and average velocity, which improved the spontaneous activities and reduced anxiety and depression of rats with global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. 2. Different doses of pramipexole 0.25 mg/kg, 0.5 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg, and 2 mg/kg for 14 consecutive days significantly increased the number of surviving neurons in the hippocampal CA1 subfield in rats with global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury to varying degrees. Based on these results, we tentatively found that 0.5 mg/kg pramipexole may be the optimal dose in all of the above. 3. We found that 0.5 mg/kg pramipexole significantly increased the mitochondrial membrane potential in rats after global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. CONCLUSION Different doses of dopamine receptor agonist pramipexole improved neurological function of rats with global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury to varying degrees, and 0.5 mg/kg pramipexole may be the optimal dose in all of the above. Pramipexole may produce neuroprotective effects by protecting neurons in the hippocampus and improving the mitochondrial membrane potential after global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Kang
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Boai hospital, China Rehabilitation Research Center, No. 10, Jiao Men Bei Road, Fengtai District, 100068 Beijing, China
| | - Lixu Liu
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Boai hospital, China Rehabilitation Research Center, No. 10, Jiao Men Bei Road, Fengtai District, 100068 Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China.
| | - Wenzhu Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China; Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine of China, Chinese Institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yunlei Wang
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Boai hospital, China Rehabilitation Research Center, No. 10, Jiao Men Bei Road, Fengtai District, 100068 Beijing, China
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Rashid H, Akhter MS, Alshahrani S, Qadri M, Nomier Y, Sageer M, Khan A, Alam MF, Anwer T, Ayoub R, Bahkali RJH. Mitochondrial oxidative damage by co-exposure to bisphenol A and acetaminophen in rat testes and its amelioration by melatonin. Clin Exp Reprod Med 2023; 50:26-33. [PMID: 36935409 PMCID: PMC10030205 DOI: 10.5653/cerm.2022.05568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Human exposure to multiple xenobiotics, over various developmental windows, results in adverse health effects arising from these concomitant exposures. Humans are widely exposed to bisphenol A, and acetaminophen is the most commonly used over-the-counter drug worldwide. Bisphenol A is a well-recognized male reproductive toxicant, and increasing evidence suggests that acetaminophen is also detrimental to the male reproductive system. The recent recognition of male reproductive system dysfunction in conditions of suboptimal reproductive outcomes makes it crucial to investigate the contributions of toxicant exposures to infertility and sub-fertility. We aimed to identify toxicity in the male reproductive system at the mitochondrial level in response to co-exposure to bisphenol A and acetaminophen, and we investigated whether melatonin ameliorated this toxicity. METHODS Male Wistar rats were divided into six groups (n=10 each): a control group and groups that received melatonin, bisphenol A, acetaminophen, bisphenol A and acetaminophen, and bisphenol A and acetaminophen with melatonin treatment. RESULTS Significantly higher lipid peroxidation was observed in the testicular mitochondria and sperm in the treatment groups than in the control group. Levels of glutathione and the activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and manganese superoxide dismutase decreased significantly in response to the toxicant treatments. Likewise, the toxicant treatments significantly decreased the sperm count and motility, while significantly increasing sperm mortality. Melatonin mitigated the adverse effects of bisphenol A and acetaminophen. CONCLUSION Co-exposure to bisphenol A and acetaminophen elevated oxidative stress in the testicular mitochondria, and this effect was alleviated by melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Rashid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Suhail Akhter
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Alshahrani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwa Qadri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousra Nomier
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maryam Sageer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Andleeb Khan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad F Alam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarique Anwer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Razan Ayoub
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rana J H Bahkali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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Aja PM, Ogwoni HA, Agu PC, Ekpono EU, Awoke JN, Ukachi OU, Orji OU, Ale BA, Nweke CP, Igwenyi IO, Alum EU, Chukwu DC, Offor CE, Asuk AA, Eze ED, Yakubu OE, Akobi JB, Ani OG, Awuchi CG. Cucumeropsis mannii
seed oil protects against
Bisphenol A
‐induced testicular mitochondrial damages. Food Sci Nutr 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Maduabuchi Aja
- Department of Biochemistry Ebonyi State University Abakaliki Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry Kampala International University Bushenyi Uganda
- Department of Biochemistry Mbarara University of Science and Technology Mbarara Uganda
| | | | - Peter Chinedu Agu
- Department of Biochemistry Ebonyi State University Abakaliki Nigeria
| | | | | | | | - Obasi Uche Orji
- Department of Biochemistry Ebonyi State University Abakaliki Nigeria
| | | | | | | | - Esther Ugo Alum
- Department of Biochemistry Ebonyi State University Abakaliki Nigeria
| | | | | | - Atamgba Agbor Asuk
- Department of Medical Biochemistry Cross River University of Technology (CRUTECH) Calabar Nigeria
| | | | | | - J. B. Akobi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry Cross River University of Technology (CRUTECH) Calabar Nigeria
| | | | - Chinaza Godswill Awuchi
- Department of Biochemistry Kampala International University Bushenyi Uganda
- School of Natural and Applied Sciences Kampala International University Kampala Uganda
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Effects of pramipexole on beta-amyloid 1-42 memory deficits and evaluation of oxidative stress and mitochondrial function markers in the hippocampus of Wistar rat. Neurotoxicology 2022; 92:91-101. [PMID: 35868426 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction are two prominent pathological features and gradually understood as important pathogenic events for neurodegenerative diseases, including aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The present study was aimed to explore the prolonged treatment of pramipexole (PPX) following amyloid beta (Aβ1-42)-induced cognitive deficits, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction in Wistar rat model. We have found that PPX (1.0mg/kg, b.wt.) can rescue cognitive impairments of Aβ1-42-infused rats in Morris water maze. At the same time, PPX attenuated Aβ1-42-induced oxidative damage and increased reduced-glutathione content level, decreased lipid peroxidation rate and suppressed the activity of acetylcholinesterase and shows antioxidant effects. Additionally, PPX treatment has shown inhibition of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production and restored mitochondrial membrane potential, oxidative phosphorylation, and enhanced ATP levels in Aβ1-42 rats. Furthermore, PPX treatment reduced bioenergetics loss and dynamics alterations by regulating PGC-1α protein level and mitigating translocation of Bax and Drp-1 to mitochondria and cytochrome-c release into the cytoplasm. PPX also increased mitofusin-2 protein expression, a basic element of mitochondrial fusion process. We conclude that remedial role of PPX in mitigating oxidative damage and mitochondrial perturbation that are modulated in Aβ1-42 rats may have the propensity in AD pathogenesis.
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Coppi E, Buonvicino D, Ranieri G, Cherchi F, Venturini M, Pugliese AM, Chiarugi A. Dexpramipexole Enhances K + Currents and Inhibits Cell Excitability in the Rat Hippocampus In Vitro. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:2955-2962. [PMID: 33566318 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02300-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dexpramipexole (DEX) has been described as the first-in-class F1Fo ATP synthase activator able to boost mitochondrial bioenergetics and provide neuroprotection in experimental models of ischemic brain injury. Although DEX failed in a phase III trial in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, it showed favorable safety and tolerability profiles. Recently, DEX emerged as a Nav1.8 Na+ channel and transient outward K+ (IA) conductance blocker, revealing therefore an unexpected, pleiotypic pharmacodynamic profile. In this study, we performed electrophysiological experiments in vitro aimed to better characterize the impact of DEX on voltage-dependent currents and synaptic transmission in the hippocampus. By means of patch-clamp recordings on isolated hippocampal neurons, we found that DEX increases outward K+ currents evoked by a voltage ramp protocol. This effect is prevented by the non-selective voltage-dependent K+ channel (Kv) blocker TEA and by the selective small-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (SK) channel blocker apamin. In keeping with this, extracellular field recordings from rat hippocampal slices also demonstrated that the compound inhibits synaptic transmission and CA1 neuron excitability. Overall, these data further our understanding on the pharmacodynamics of DEX and disclose an additional mechanism that could underlie its neuroprotective properties. Also, they identify DEX as a lead to develop new modulators of K+ conductances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Coppi
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Daniela Buonvicino
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ranieri
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Federica Cherchi
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Martina Venturini
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Pugliese
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alberto Chiarugi
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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A synthetic peptide rescues rat cortical neurons from anesthetic-induced cell death, perturbation of growth and synaptic assembly. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4567. [PMID: 33633281 PMCID: PMC7907385 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84168-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Anesthetics are deemed necessary for all major surgical procedures. However, they have also been found to exert neurotoxic effects when tested on various experimental models, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Earlier studies have implicated mitochondrial fragmentation as a potential target of anesthetic-induced toxicity, although clinical strategies to protect their structure and function remain sparse. Here, we sought to determine if preserving mitochondrial networks with a non-toxic, short-life synthetic peptide—P110, would protect cortical neurons against both inhalational and intravenous anesthetic-induced neurotoxicity. This study provides the first direct and comparative account of three key anesthetics (desflurane, propofol, and ketamine) when used under identical conditions, and demonstrates their impact on neonatal, rat cortical neuronal viability, neurite outgrowth and synaptic assembly. Furthermore, we discovered that inhibiting Fis1-mediated mitochondrial fission reverses anesthetic-induced aberrations in an agent-specific manner. This study underscores the importance of designing mitigation strategies invoking mitochondria-mediated protection from anesthetic-induced toxicity in both animals and humans.
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Salman M, Tabassum H, Parvez S. Nrf2/HO-1 mediates the neuroprotective effects of pramipexole by attenuating oxidative damage and mitochondrial perturbation after traumatic brain injury in rats. Dis Model Mech 2020; 13:dmm045021. [PMID: 32540990 PMCID: PMC7449795 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.045021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pramipexole (PPX), a D2-like receptor agonist, is generally used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease and restless leg syndrome. Its neuroprotective effects have been shown against various neurological disorders. Recent research work has demonstrated that PPX exerts neuroprotection through mitochondria. However, the neuromodulator-related effects of PPX against traumatic brain injury (TBI) remain unexplored. The present study, therefore, investigated the mechanism of neuroprotection by PPX against oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal damage following TBI in rats. We hypothesized that the neuroprotection by PPX in TBI-subjected rats might involve activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 (also known as Nfe2l2/Hmox1) signaling pathway. PPX was injected intraperitoneally (0.25 mg/kg body weight and 1.0 mg/kg body weight) at different time intervals post-TBI. Several neurobehavioral parameters were assessed at 48 h post-TBI, and the brain was isolated for molecular and biochemical analysis. The results demonstrated that PPX treatment significantly improved the behavioral deficits, decreased the lipid peroxidation rate, increased glutathione levels and decreased 4-hydroxynonenal levels in TBI-subjected rats. PPX also increased the activities of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase enzymes. In addition, PPX treatment inhibited mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production, restored mitochondrial membrane potential and increased ATP levels after a TBI. Further, PPX treatment reduced the Bax/Bcl2 ratio and translocation of Bax to mitochondria and cytochrome-c to the cytosol. Finally, PPX treatment greatly accelerated the translocation of Nrf2 to the nucleus and upregulated HO-1 protein expression. We conclude that the neuroprotective effects of PPX are mediated by activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway following TBI.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Salman
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Heena Tabassum
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Indian Council of Medical Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, V. Ramalingaswamy Bhawan, New Delhi 110 029, India
| | - Suhel Parvez
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
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Kosmowska B, Ossowska K, Wardas J. Pramipexole Reduces zif-268 mRNA Expression in Brain Structures involved in the Generation of Harmaline-Induced Tremor. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:1518-1525. [PMID: 32172399 PMCID: PMC7297825 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03010-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Essential tremor is one of the most common neurological disorders, however, it is not sufficiently controlled with currently available pharmacotherapy. Our recent study has shown that pramipexole, a drug efficient in inhibiting parkinsonian tremor, reduced the harmaline-induced tremor in rats, generally accepted to be a model of essential tremor. The aim of the present study was to investigate brain targets for the tremorolytic effect of pramipexole by determination of the early activity-dependent gene zif-268 mRNA expression. Tremor in rats was induced by harmaline administered at a dose of 15 mg/kg ip. Pramipexole was administered at a low dose of 0.1 mg/kg sc. Tremor was measured by Force Plate Actimeters where four force transducers located below the corners of the plate tracked the animal's position on a Cartesian plane. The zif-268 mRNA expression was analyzed by in situ hybridization in brain slices. Harmaline induced tremor and increased zif-268 mRNA levels in the inferior olive, cerebellar cortex, ventroanterior/ventrolateral thalamic nuclei and motor cortex. Pramipexole reversed both the harmaline-induced tremor and the increase in zif-268 mRNA expression in the inferior olive, cerebellar cortex and motor cortex. Moreover, the tremor intensity correlated positively with zif-268 mRNA expression in the above structures. The present results seem to suggest that the tremorolytic effect of pramipexole is related to the modulation of the harmaline-increased neuronal activity in the tremor network which includes the inferior olive, cerebellar cortex and motor cortex. Potential mechanisms underlying the above pramipexole action are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Kosmowska
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna Street, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Krystyna Ossowska
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna Street, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Wardas
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna Street, 31-343, Kraków, Poland.
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Mitochondrial Dysfunctions: A Red Thread across Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103719. [PMID: 32466216 PMCID: PMC7279270 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a central role in a plethora of processes related to the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and genomic integrity. They contribute to preserving the optimal functioning of cells and protecting them from potential DNA damage which could result in mutations and disease. However, perturbations of the system due to senescence or environmental factors induce alterations of the physiological balance and lead to the impairment of mitochondrial functions. After the description of the crucial roles of mitochondria for cell survival and activity, the core of this review focuses on the "mitochondrial switch" which occurs at the onset of neuronal degeneration. We dissect the pathways related to mitochondrial dysfunctions which are shared among the most frequent or disabling neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, and Spinal Muscular Atrophy. Can mitochondrial dysfunctions (affecting their morphology and activities) represent the early event eliciting the shift towards pathological neurobiological processes? Can mitochondria represent a common target against neurodegeneration? We also review here the drugs that target mitochondria in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Buonvicino D, Ranieri G, Pratesi S, Gerace E, Muzzi M, Guasti D, Tofani L, Chiarugi A. Neuroprotection induced by dexpramipexole delays disease progression in a mouse model of progressive multiple sclerosis. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:3342-3356. [PMID: 32199028 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Drugs able to counteract progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) represent a largely unmet therapeutic need. Even though the pathogenesis of disease evolution is still obscure, accumulating evidence indicates that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a causative role in neurodegeneration and axonopathy in progressive MS patients. Here, we investigated the effects of dexpramipexole, a compound with a good safety profile in humans and able to sustain mitochondria functioning and energy production, in a mouse model of progressive MS. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Female non-obese diabetic mice were immunized with MOG35-55 . Functional, immune and neuropathological parameters were analysed during disease evolution in animals treated or not with dexpramipexole. The compound's effects on bioenergetics and neuroprotection were also evaluated in vitro. KEY RESULTS We found that oral treatment with dexpramipexole at a dose consistent with that well tolerated in humans delayed disability progression, extended survival, counteracted reduction of spinal cord mitochondrial DNA content and reduced spinal cord axonal loss of mice. Accordingly, the drug sustained in vitro bioenergetics of mouse optic nerve and dorsal root ganglia and counteracted neurodegeneration of organotypic mouse cortical cultures exposed to the adenosine triphosphate-depleting agents oligomycin or veratridine. Dexpramipexole, however, was unable to affect the adaptive and innate immune responses both in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATION The present findings corroborate the hypothesis that neuroprotective agents may be of relevance to counteract MS progression and disclose the translational potential of dexpramipexole to treatment of progressive MS patients as a stand-alone or adjunctive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Buonvicino
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ranieri
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Sara Pratesi
- Centre of Immunological Research DENOTHE, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Gerace
- Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NeuroFarBa), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Mirko Muzzi
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniele Guasti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Research Unit of Histology & Embryology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Tofani
- Clinical Trials Coordinating Center of Istituto Toscano Tumori, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Alberto Chiarugi
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Andrabi SS, Tabassum H, Parveen S, Parvez S. Ropinirole induces neuroprotection following reperfusion-promoted mitochondrial dysfunction after focal cerebral ischemia in Wistar rats. Neurotoxicology 2019; 77:94-104. [PMID: 31816341 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2019.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is characterized by an initial ischemia followed by a reperfusion that promotes cascade of damage referred to as primary injury. The loss of mitochondrial function after ischemia, which is characterized by oxidative stress and activation of apoptotic factors is considered to play a crucial role in the proliferation of secondary injury and subsequent brain neuronal cell death. Dopamine D2 receptor agonist, Ropinirole, has been found to promote neuroprotection in Parkinson´s disease and restless leg syndrome. The current study was designed to test its efficacy in preclinical model of stroke. Previously it has been demonstrated that Ropinirole mediates its neuroprotection via mitochondrial pathways. Assuming this, we investigated the effect of Ropinirole on mitochondrial dysfunction, we have shown the positive effect of Ropinirole administration on behavioral deficits and mitochondrial health in an ischemic stroke injury model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). Male Wistar rats underwent transient middle cerebral artery occlusion and then received the Ropinirole (10 mg and 20 mg/kg b.w.) at 6 h, 12 and 18 h post occlusion. Behavioral assessment for functional deficits included grip strength, motor coordination and gait analysis. Our findings revealed a significant improvement with Ropinirole treatment in tMCAO animals. Staining of isolated brain slices from Ropinirole-treated rats with 2, 3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) showed a reduction in the infarct area in comparison to the vehicle group, indicating the presence of an increased number of viable mitochondria. Ropinirole treatment was also able to attenuate mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, as well as block the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), in the tMCAO injury model. In addition, it was also able to ameliorate the altered mitochondrial membrane potential and respiration ratio in the ischemic animals, thereby suggesting that Ropinirole has a positive effect on mitochondrial bioenergetics. Ropinirole inhibited the translocation of cytochrome c from mitochondria to cytosol reduces the downstream apoptotic processes. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that Ropinirole treatment is beneficial in preserving the mitochondrial functions that are altered in cerebral ischemic injury and thus can help in defining better therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Suhail Andrabi
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Heena Tabassum
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Indian Council of Medical Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India, V. Ramalingaswamy Bhawan, P.O. Box No. 4911, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Sabiha Parveen
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 7478, USA
| | - Suhel Parvez
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi 110062, India.
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13
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N-Acetylcysteine Attenuates the Increasing Severity of Distant Organ Liver Dysfunction after Acute Kidney Injury in Rats Exposed to Bisphenol A. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8100497. [PMID: 31640182 PMCID: PMC6826922 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8100497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Distant organ liver damage after acute kidney injury (AKI) remains a serious clinical setting with high mortality. This undesirable outcome may be due to some hidden factors that can intensify the consequences of AKI. Exposure to bisphenol A (BPA), a universal chemical used in plastics industry, is currently unavoidable and can be harmful to the liver. This study explored whether BPA exposure could be a causative factor that increase severity of remote liver injury after AKI and examined the preventive benefit by N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in this complex condition. Male Wistar rats were given vehicle, BPA, or BPA + NAC for 5 weeks then underwent 45 min renal ischemia followed by 24 h reperfusion (RIR), a group of vehicle-sham-control was also included. RIR not only induced AKI but produced liver injury, triggered systemic oxidative stress as well as inflammation, which increasing severity upon exposure to BPA. Given NAC to BPA-exposed rats diminished the added-on effects of BPA on liver functional impairment, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis caused by AKI. NAC also mitigated the abnormalities in mitochondrial functions, dynamics, mitophagy, and ultrastructure of the liver by improving the mitochondrial homeostasis regulatory signaling AMPK-PGC-1α-SIRT3. The study demonstrates that NAC is an effective adjunct for preserving mitochondrial homeostasis and reducing remote effects of AKI in environments where BPA exposure is vulnerable.
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Andrabi SS, Ali M, Tabassum H, Parveen S, Parvez S. Pramipexole prevents ischemic cell death via mitochondrial pathways in ischemic stroke. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:dmm.033860. [PMID: 31235613 PMCID: PMC6737958 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.033860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A dopamine D2 receptor agonist, pramipexole, has been found to elicit neuroprotection in patients with Parkinson's disease and restless leg syndrome. Recent evidence has shown that pramipexole mediates its neuroprotection through mitochondria. Considering this, we examined the possible mitochondrial role of pramipexole in promoting neuroprotection following an ischemic stroke of rat. Male Wistar rats underwent transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) and then received pramipexole (0.25 mg and 1 mg/kg body weight) at 1, 6, 12 and 18 h post-occlusion. A panel of neurological tests and 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining were performed at 24 h after the surgery. Flow cytometry was used to detect the mitochondrial membrane potential, and mitochondrial levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca2+, respectively. Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation was analyzed by oxygraph (oxygen electrode). Western blotting was used to analyze the expression of various proteins such as Bax, Bcl-2 and cytochrome c Pramipexole promoted the neurological recovery as shown by the panel of neurobehavioral tests and TTC staining. Post-stroke treatment with pramipexole reduced levels of mitochondrial ROS and Ca2+ after ischemia. Pramipexole elevated the mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Western blotting showed that pramipexole inhibited the transfer of cytochrome c from mitochondria to cytosol, and hence inhibited the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Thus, our results have demonstrated that post-stroke administration of pramipexole induces the neurological recovery through mitochondrial pathways in ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Suhail Andrabi
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mubashshir Ali
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Heena Tabassum
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Indian Council of Medical Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, V. Ramalingaswamy Bhawan, New Delhi 110 029, India
| | - Sabiha Parveen
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Suhel Parvez
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
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15
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Aghaei M, Motallebnezhad M, Ghorghanlu S, Jabbari A, Enayati A, Rajaei M, Pourabouk M, Moradi A, Alizadeh AM, Khori V. Targeting autophagy in cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury: A novel therapeutic strategy. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:16768-16778. [PMID: 30807647 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the leading causes of morbidity worldwide. Myocardial reperfusion is known as an effective therapeutic choice against AMI. However, reperfusion of blood flow induces ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury through different complex processes including ion accumulation, disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential, the formation of reactive oxygen species, and so forth. One of the processes that gets activated in response to I/R injury is autophagy. Indeed, autophagy acts as a "double-edged sword" in the pathology of myocardial I/R injury and there is a controversy about autophagy being beneficial or detrimental. On the basis of the autophagy effect and regulation on myocardial I/R injury, many studies targeted it as a therapeutic strategy. In this review, we discuss the role of autophagy in I/R injury and its targeting as a therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Aghaei
- Rheumatology Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Morteza Motallebnezhad
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajjad Ghorghanlu
- Ischemic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Ali Jabbari
- Ischemic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Ayesheh Enayati
- Ischemic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Rajaei
- Ischemic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mona Pourabouk
- Ischemic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Alireza Moradi
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | | | - Vahid Khori
- Ischemic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
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16
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Peerapanyasut W, Kobroob A, Palee S, Chattipakorn N, Wongmekiat O. Activation of Sirtuin 3 and Maintenance of Mitochondrial Integrity by N-Acetylcysteine Protects Against Bisphenol A-Induced Kidney and Liver Toxicity in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020267. [PMID: 30641872 PMCID: PMC6358790 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial impairment ensuing from oxidative imbalance is related to adverse consequences of bisphenol A (BPA), a globally utilized industrial chemical. Recent evidence reveals sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) as a key regulator of mitochondrial homeostasis; however, its role in BPA toxicity remains unidentified. This study explored the potential benefits of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an effective antioxidant, against BPA toxicity in the kidney and liver, and examined whether SIRT3 was involved in this condition. Male Wistar rats were fed with vehicle, BPA (5, 50 mg/kg), BPA (50 mg/kg) plus NAC (100 mg/kg) and were evaluated after 5 weeks. NAC treatment significantly diminished BPA-induced kidney and liver functional disorders, histopathological alterations, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. The increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, the disrupted membrane potential, the swelling, and the impaired mitochondrial fission caused by BPA were also mitigated upon concurrent treatment with NAC. The benefits of NAC were associated with enhanced AMPK-PGC-1α-SIRT3 signaling protein expressions, which led to decreased acetylation of superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and increased expression of mitochondrial antioxidant manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD). The findings demonstrate the efficacy of NAC in protecting BPA-induced kidney and liver injury, which, in part, is mediated by activating SIRT3 and improving mitochondrial function, dynamics, and oxidative imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wachirasek Peerapanyasut
- Renal Physiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
| | - Anongporn Kobroob
- Division of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand.
| | - Siripong Palee
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
| | - Orawan Wongmekiat
- Renal Physiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
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17
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Coppi E, Lana D, Cherchi F, Fusco I, Buonvicino D, Urru M, Ranieri G, Muzzi M, Iovino L, Giovannini MG, Pugliese AM, Chiarugi A. Dexpramipexole enhances hippocampal synaptic plasticity and memory in the rat. Neuropharmacology 2018; 143:306-316. [PMID: 30291939 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Even though pharmacological approaches able to counteract age-dependent cognitive impairment have been highly investigated, drugs improving cognition and memory are still an unmet need. It has been hypothesized that sustaining energy dynamics within the aged hippocampus can boost memory storage by sustaining synaptic functioning and long term potentiation (LTP). Dexpramipexole (DEX) is the first-in-class compound able to sustain neuronal bioenergetics by interacting with mitochondrial F1Fo-ATP synthase. In the present study, for the first time we evaluated the effects of DEX on synaptic fatigue, LTP induction, learning and memory retention. We report that DEX improved LTP maintenance in CA1 neurons of acute hippocampal slices from aged but not young rats. However, we found no evidence that DEX counteracted two classic parameters of synaptic fatigue such as fEPSP reduction or the train area during the high frequency stimulation adopted to induce LTP. Interestingly, patch-clamp recordings in rat hippocampal neurons revealed that DEX dose-dependently inhibited (IC50 814 nM) the IA current, a rapidly-inactivating K+ current that negatively regulates neuronal excitability as well as cognition and memory processes. In keeping with this, DEX counteracted both scopolamine-induced spatial memory loss in rats challenged in Morris Water Maze test and memory retention in rats undergoing Novel Object Recognition. Overall, the present study discloses the ability of DEX to boost hippocampal synaptic plasticity, learning and memory. In light of the good safety profile of DEX in humans, our findings may have a realistic translational potential to treatment of cognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Coppi
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Italy.
| | - Daniele Lana
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Federica Cherchi
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Irene Fusco
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Daniela Buonvicino
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Matteo Urru
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ranieri
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Mirko Muzzi
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Ludovica Iovino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Physiological Sciences, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Giovannini
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Pugliese
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Alberto Chiarugi
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Italy
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18
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Muzzi M, Buonvicino D, Urru M, Tofani L, Chiarugi A. Repurposing of dexpramipexole to treatment of neonatal hypoxic/ischemic encephalopathy. Neurosci Lett 2018; 687:234-240. [PMID: 30287306 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.09.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Dexpramipexole (DEX) is a drug with a good safety profile in humans, known for its ability to increase mitochondrial ATP production and prompt neuroprotection in adult rodents subjected to cerebral ischemia. In the present study we evaluated the effect of DEX in rat pups subjected to common carotid artery occlusion plus hypoxia (CCAoH, the classic Rice-Vannucci model). Because of the wide range of infarct size distribution in the CCAoH model, a priori subanalysis based on the effect of DEX on mild/moderate or severe brain injuries was conducted. The subanalysis showed that the drug (3 mg/kg bid i.p, after the hypoxic insult) decreased the infarction size in pups with mild/moderate injuries. Next, we developed a distal middle cerebral artery occlusion plus hypoxia (dMCAoH) model, characterized by an intra-experimental infarct size variability lower than that of the CCAoH model. Post-ischemic treatment with DEX (3 mg/kg bid i.p, after the hypoxic insult) reduced brain infarcts in pups exposed to dMCAoH. For the first time, we show that DEX reduces brain injury in different models of neonatal HIE. In light of the favorable safety profile of DEX in humans, the drug might have a realistic translational potential to treatment of perinatal cerebrovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Muzzi
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Daniela Buonvicino
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Matteo Urru
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Tofani
- Clinical Trials Coordinating Center of Istituto Toscano Tumori, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Alberto Chiarugi
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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19
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Muzzi M, Gerace E, Buonvicino D, Coppi E, Resta F, Formentini L, Zecchi R, Tigli L, Guasti D, Ferri M, Camaioni E, Masi A, Pellegrini‐Giampietro DE, Mannaioni G, Bani D, Pugliese AM, Chiarugi A. Dexpramipexole improves bioenergetics and outcome in experimental stroke. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:272-283. [PMID: 28320070 PMCID: PMC5758384 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Dexpramipexole, a drug recently tested in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS,) is able to bind F1Fo ATP synthase and increase mitochondrial ATP production. Here, we have investigated its effects on experimental ischaemic brain injury. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The effects of dexpramipexole on bioenergetics, Ca2+ fluxes, electrophysiological functions and death were evaluated in primary neural cultures and hippocampal slices exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). Effects on infarct volumes and neurological functions were also evaluated in mice following proximal or distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo). Distribution of dexpramipexole within the ischaemic brain was evaluated by means of mass spectrometry imaging. KEY RESULTS Dexpramipexole increased mitochondrial ATP production in cultured neurons or glia and reduces energy failure, prevents intracellular Ca2+ overload and affords cytoprotection when cultures are exposed to OGD. This compound also counteracted ATP depletion, mitochondrial swelling, anoxic depolarization, loss of synaptic activity and neuronal death in hippocampal slices subjected to OGD. Post-ischaemic treatment with dexpramipexole, at doses consistent with those already used in ALS patients, reduced brain infarct size and ameliorated neuroscore in mice subjected to transient or permanent MCAo. Notably, the concentrations of dexpramipexole reached within the ischaemic penumbra equalled those found neuroprotective in vitro. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Dexpramipexole, a compound able to increase mitochondrial F1Fo ATP-synthase activity reduced ischaemic brain injury. These findings, together with the excellent brain penetration and favourable safety profile in humans, make dexpramipexole a drug with realistic translational potential for the treatment of stroke. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Inventing New Therapies Without Reinventing the Wheel: The Power of Drug Repurposing. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.2/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Muzzi
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and OncologyUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Elisabetta Gerace
- Department NEUROFARBA, Division of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Daniela Buonvicino
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and OncologyUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Elisabetta Coppi
- Department NEUROFARBA, Division of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Francesco Resta
- Department NEUROFARBA, Division of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Laura Formentini
- Departamento de Biología MolecularCentro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas‐Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC‐UAM)MadridSpain
| | - Riccardo Zecchi
- Mass Spectrometry Service Centre (CISM)University of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Laura Tigli
- Mass Spectrometry Service Centre (CISM)University of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Daniele Guasti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Research Unit of Histology & EmbryologyUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Martina Ferri
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - Emidio Camaioni
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - Alessio Masi
- Department NEUROFARBA, Division of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | | | - Guido Mannaioni
- Department NEUROFARBA, Division of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Daniele Bani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Research Unit of Histology & EmbryologyUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Anna M Pugliese
- Department NEUROFARBA, Division of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Alberto Chiarugi
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and OncologyUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
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20
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Rasheed MZ, Tabassum H, Parvez S. Mitochondrial permeability transition pore: a promising target for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. PROTOPLASMA 2017; 254:33-42. [PMID: 26825389 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-015-0930-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Among the neurodegenerative diseases (ND), Parkinson's disease affects 6.3 million people worldwide characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra. The mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mtPTP) is a non-selective voltage-dependent mitochondrial channel whose opening modifies the permeability properties of the mitochondrial inner membrane. It is recognized as a potent pharmacological target for diseases associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and excessive cell death including ND such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Imbalance in Ca2+ concentration, change in mitochondrial membrane potential, overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), or mutation in mitochondrial genome has been implicated in the pathophysiology of the opening of the mtPTP. Different proteins are released by permeability transition including cytochrome c which is responsible for apoptosis. This review aims to discuss the importance of PTP in the pathophysiology of PD and puts together different positive as well as negative aspects of drugs such as pramipexole, ropinirole, minocyclin, rasagilin, and safinamide which act as a blocker or modifier for mtPTP. Some of them may be detrimental in their neuroprotective nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Zeeshan Rasheed
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, 110 062, India
| | - Heena Tabassum
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, 110 062, India
- Department of Biochemistry, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, 110 062, India
| | - Suhel Parvez
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, 110 062, India.
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21
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Khan S, Beigh S, Chaudhari BP, Sharma S, Aliul Hasan Abdi S, Ahmad S, Ahmad F, Parvez S, Raisuddin S. Mitochondrial dysfunction induced by Bisphenol A is a factor of its hepatotoxicity in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2016; 31:1922-1934. [PMID: 26450347 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), an estrogenic and endocrine disrupting agent, is widely used in manufacturing of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. BPA and other endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) act via multiple mechanisms including interference with mitochondrial functions. Mitochondria are the hub of cellular energy pool and hence are the target of many EDCs. We studied perturbation of activities of mitochondrial enzymes by BPA and its possible role in hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats. Rats were exposed to BPA (150 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg per os, for 14 days) and activities of enzymes of mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) were measured. Besides, other biochemical parameters such as superoxide generation, protein oxidation, and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were also measured. Our results indicated a significant decrease in the activities of enzymes of mitochondrial ETC complexes, i.e., complex I, II, III, IV, and V along with significant increase in LPO and protein oxidation. Additionally, a significant increase in mitochondrial superoxide generation was also observed. All these findings could be attributed to enhanced oxidative stress, decrease in reduced glutathione level, and decrease in the activity of superoxide dismutase in rat liver mitochondria isolated from BPA-treated rats. BPA treatment also caused a significant increase in serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase indicating its potential hepatotoxicity. Furthermore, histopathological findings revealed marked edema formation, hepatocellular degeneration, and necrosis of liver tissue in BPA-exposed rats. In conclusion, this study provides an evidence of impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics and liver toxicity after high-dose BPA exposure in rats. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 1922-1934, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somaira Khan
- Department of Medical Elementology & Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, 110 062, India
| | - Saba Beigh
- Department of Medical Elementology & Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, 110 062, India
| | - Bhushan P Chaudhari
- Central Pathology Laboratory, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, 226 001, India
| | - Shikha Sharma
- Department of Medical Elementology & Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, 110 062, India
| | - Sayed Aliul Hasan Abdi
- Department of Medical Elementology & Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, 110 062, India
| | - Shahzad Ahmad
- Department of Medical Elementology & Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, 110 062, India
| | - Firoz Ahmad
- Department of Medical Elementology & Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, 110 062, India
| | - Suhel Parvez
- Department of Medical Elementology & Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, 110 062, India
| | - Sheikh Raisuddin
- Department of Medical Elementology & Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, 110 062, India
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22
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Yan S, Du F, Wu L, Zhang Z, Zhong C, Yu Q, Wang Y, Lue LF, Walker DG, Douglas JT, Yan SS. F1F0 ATP Synthase-Cyclophilin D Interaction Contributes to Diabetes-Induced Synaptic Dysfunction and Cognitive Decline. Diabetes 2016; 65:3482-3494. [PMID: 27554467 PMCID: PMC5079631 DOI: 10.2337/db16-0556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial abnormalities are well known to cause cognitive decline. However, the underlying molecular basis of mitochondria-associated neuronal and synaptic dysfunction in the diabetic brain remains unclear. Here, using a mitochondrial single-channel patch clamp and cyclophilin D (CypD)-deficient mice (Ppif -/-) with streptozotocin-induced diabetes, we observed an increase in the probability of Ca2+-induced mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening in brain mitochondria of diabetic mice, which was further confirmed by mitochondrial swelling and cytochrome c release induced by Ca2+ overload. Diabetes-induced elevation of CypD triggers enhancement of F1F0 ATP synthase-CypD interaction, which in turn leads to mPTP opening. Indeed, in patients with diabetes, brain cypD protein levels were increased. Notably, blockade of the F1F0 ATP synthase-CypD interaction by CypD ablation protected against diabetes-induced mPTP opening, ATP synthesis deficits, oxidative stress, and mitochondria dysfunction. Furthermore, the absence of CypD alleviated deficits in synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory in diabetic mice. Thus, blockade of ATP synthase interaction with CypD provides a promising new target for therapeutic intervention in diabetic encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijun Yan
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology and Higuchi Bioscience Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS
| | - Fang Du
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology and Higuchi Bioscience Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS
| | - Long Wu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology and Higuchi Bioscience Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS
| | - Zhihua Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology and Higuchi Bioscience Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS
| | - Changjia Zhong
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology and Higuchi Bioscience Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS
| | - Qing Yu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology and Higuchi Bioscience Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS
| | - Yongfu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology and Higuchi Bioscience Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS
| | - Lih-Fen Lue
- Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | - Douglas G Walker
- Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | - Justin T Douglas
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Laboratory, Molecular Structures Group, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS
| | - Shirley ShiDu Yan
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology and Higuchi Bioscience Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS
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Derksen M, Vorwerk C, Siemen D. Calpeptin, not calpain, directly inhibits an ion channel of the inner mitochondrial membrane. PROTOPLASMA 2016; 253:835-843. [PMID: 26108743 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-015-0846-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The permeability transition pore (PTP) of inner mitochondrial membranes is a large conductance pathway for ions up to 1500 Da which opening is responsible for ion equilibration and loss of membrane potential in apoptosis and thus in several neurodegenerative diseases. The PTP can be regulated by the Ca(2+)-activated mitochondrial K channel (BK). Calpains are Ca(2+)-activated cystein proteases; calpeptin is an inhibitor of calpains. We wondered whether calpain or calpeptin can modulate activity of PTP or BK. Patch clamp experiments were performed on mitoplasts of rat liver (PTP) and of an astrocytoma cell line (BK). Channel-independent open probability (P(o)) was determined (PTP) and, taking into account the number of open levels, NP(o) by single channel analysis (BK). We find that PTP in the presence of Ca(2+) (200 μM) is uninfluenced by calpain (13 nM) and shows insignificant decrease by the calpain inhibitor calpeptin (1 μM). The NP(o) of the BK is insensitive to calpain (54 nM), too. However, it is significantly and reversibly inhibited by the calpain inhibitor calpeptin (IC50 = 42 μM). The results agree with calpeptin-induced activation of the PTP via inhibition of the BK. Screening experiments with respirometry show calpeptin effects, fitting to inhibition of the BK by calpeptin, and strong inhibition of state 3 respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Derksen
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, Leipziger Str. 44, D-39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Detlef Siemen
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, Leipziger Str. 44, D-39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
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Mo Y, Tang L, Ma Y, Wu S. Pramipexole pretreatment attenuates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury through upregulation of autophagy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 473:1119-1124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Bernardi P, Rasola A, Forte M, Lippe G. The Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore: Channel Formation by F-ATP Synthase, Integration in Signal Transduction, and Role in Pathophysiology. Physiol Rev 2015; 95:1111-55. [PMID: 26269524 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00001.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 420] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial permeability transition (PT) is a permeability increase of the inner mitochondrial membrane mediated by a channel, the permeability transition pore (PTP). After a brief historical introduction, we cover the key regulatory features of the PTP and provide a critical assessment of putative protein components that have been tested by genetic analysis. The discovery that under conditions of oxidative stress the F-ATP synthases of mammals, yeast, and Drosophila can be turned into Ca(2+)-dependent channels, whose electrophysiological properties match those of the corresponding PTPs, opens new perspectives to the field. We discuss structural and functional features of F-ATP synthases that may provide clues to its transition from an energy-conserving into an energy-dissipating device as well as recent advances on signal transduction to the PTP and on its role in cellular pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bernardi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Neuroscience Institute, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon; and Department of Food Science, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Andrea Rasola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Neuroscience Institute, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon; and Department of Food Science, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Michael Forte
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Neuroscience Institute, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon; and Department of Food Science, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Giovanna Lippe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Neuroscience Institute, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon; and Department of Food Science, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
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Oridonin triggers apoptosis in colorectal carcinoma cells and suppression of microRNA-32 expression augments oridonin-mediated apoptotic effects. Biomed Pharmacother 2015; 72:125-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Alavian KN, Dworetzky SI, Bonanni L, Zhang P, Sacchetti S, Li H, Signore AP, Smith PJS, Gribkoff VK, Jonas EA. The mitochondrial complex V-associated large-conductance inner membrane current is regulated by cyclosporine and dexpramipexole. Mol Pharmacol 2014; 87:1-8. [PMID: 25332381 DOI: 10.1124/mol.114.095661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Inefficiency of oxidative phosphorylation can result from futile leak conductance through the inner mitochondrial membrane. Stress or injury may exacerbate this leak conductance, putting cells, and particularly neurons, at risk of dysfunction and even death when energy demand exceeds cellular energy production. Using a novel method, we have recently described an ion conductance consistent with mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) within the c-subunit of the ATP synthase. Excitotoxicity, reactive oxygen species-producing stimuli, or elevated mitochondrial matrix calcium opens the channel, which is inhibited by cyclosporine A and ATP/ADP. Here we show that ATP and the neuroprotective drug dexpramipexole (DEX) inhibited an ion conductance consistent with this c-subunit channel (mPTP) in brain-derived submitochondrial vesicles (SMVs) enriched for F1FO ATP synthase (complex V). Treatment of SMVs with urea denatured extramembrane components of complex V, eliminated DEX- but not ATP-mediated current inhibition, and reduced binding of [(14)C]DEX. Direct effects of DEX on the synthesis and hydrolysis of ATP by complex V suggest that interaction of the compound with its target results in functional conformational changes in the enzyme complex. [(14)C]DEX bound specifically to purified recombinant b and oligomycin sensitivity-conferring protein subunits of the mitochondrial F1FO ATP synthase. Previous data indicate that DEX increased the efficiency of energy production in cells, including neurons. Taken together, these studies suggest that modulation of a complex V-associated inner mitochondrial membrane current is metabolically important and may represent an avenue for the development of new therapeutics for neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kambiz N Alavian
- Department of Internal Medicine (K.N.A., P.Z., S.S., H.L., E.A.J.) and Department of Neurobiology (E.A.J.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (K.N.A.); Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G.d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti-Pescara, Italy (L.B.); Knopp Biosciences LLC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (S.I.D., A.P.S., V.K.G.); and Biocurrents Research Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts (P.J.S.S.)
| | - Steven I Dworetzky
- Department of Internal Medicine (K.N.A., P.Z., S.S., H.L., E.A.J.) and Department of Neurobiology (E.A.J.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (K.N.A.); Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G.d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti-Pescara, Italy (L.B.); Knopp Biosciences LLC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (S.I.D., A.P.S., V.K.G.); and Biocurrents Research Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts (P.J.S.S.)
| | - Laura Bonanni
- Department of Internal Medicine (K.N.A., P.Z., S.S., H.L., E.A.J.) and Department of Neurobiology (E.A.J.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (K.N.A.); Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G.d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti-Pescara, Italy (L.B.); Knopp Biosciences LLC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (S.I.D., A.P.S., V.K.G.); and Biocurrents Research Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts (P.J.S.S.)
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine (K.N.A., P.Z., S.S., H.L., E.A.J.) and Department of Neurobiology (E.A.J.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (K.N.A.); Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G.d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti-Pescara, Italy (L.B.); Knopp Biosciences LLC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (S.I.D., A.P.S., V.K.G.); and Biocurrents Research Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts (P.J.S.S.)
| | - Silvio Sacchetti
- Department of Internal Medicine (K.N.A., P.Z., S.S., H.L., E.A.J.) and Department of Neurobiology (E.A.J.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (K.N.A.); Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G.d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti-Pescara, Italy (L.B.); Knopp Biosciences LLC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (S.I.D., A.P.S., V.K.G.); and Biocurrents Research Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts (P.J.S.S.)
| | - Hongmei Li
- Department of Internal Medicine (K.N.A., P.Z., S.S., H.L., E.A.J.) and Department of Neurobiology (E.A.J.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (K.N.A.); Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G.d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti-Pescara, Italy (L.B.); Knopp Biosciences LLC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (S.I.D., A.P.S., V.K.G.); and Biocurrents Research Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts (P.J.S.S.)
| | - Armando P Signore
- Department of Internal Medicine (K.N.A., P.Z., S.S., H.L., E.A.J.) and Department of Neurobiology (E.A.J.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (K.N.A.); Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G.d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti-Pescara, Italy (L.B.); Knopp Biosciences LLC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (S.I.D., A.P.S., V.K.G.); and Biocurrents Research Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts (P.J.S.S.)
| | - Peter J S Smith
- Department of Internal Medicine (K.N.A., P.Z., S.S., H.L., E.A.J.) and Department of Neurobiology (E.A.J.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (K.N.A.); Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G.d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti-Pescara, Italy (L.B.); Knopp Biosciences LLC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (S.I.D., A.P.S., V.K.G.); and Biocurrents Research Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts (P.J.S.S.)
| | - Valentin K Gribkoff
- Department of Internal Medicine (K.N.A., P.Z., S.S., H.L., E.A.J.) and Department of Neurobiology (E.A.J.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (K.N.A.); Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G.d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti-Pescara, Italy (L.B.); Knopp Biosciences LLC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (S.I.D., A.P.S., V.K.G.); and Biocurrents Research Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts (P.J.S.S.)
| | - Elizabeth A Jonas
- Department of Internal Medicine (K.N.A., P.Z., S.S., H.L., E.A.J.) and Department of Neurobiology (E.A.J.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (K.N.A.); Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G.d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti-Pescara, Italy (L.B.); Knopp Biosciences LLC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (S.I.D., A.P.S., V.K.G.); and Biocurrents Research Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts (P.J.S.S.)
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Molecular Dissection of Cyclosporin A's Neuroprotective Effect Reveals Potential Therapeutics for Ischemic Brain Injury. Brain Sci 2013; 3:1325-56. [PMID: 24961531 PMCID: PMC4061870 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci3031325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
After the onset of brain ischemia, a series of events leads ultimately to the death of neurons. Many molecules can be pharmacologically targeted to protect neurons during these events, which include glutamate release, glutamate receptor activation, excitotoxicity, Ca2+ influx into cells, mitochondrial dysfunction, activation of intracellular enzymes, free radical production, nitric oxide production, and inflammation. There have been a number of attempts to develop neuroprotectants for brain ischemia, but many of these attempts have failed. It was reported that cyclosporin A (CsA) dramatically ameliorates neuronal cell damage during ischemia. Some researchers consider ischemic cell death as a unique process that is distinct from both apoptosis and necrosis, and suggested that mitochondrial dysfunction and Δψ collapse are key steps for ischemic cell death. It was also suggested that CsA has a unique neuroprotective effect that is related to mitochondrial dysfunction. Here, I will exhibit examples of neuroprotectants that are now being developed or in clinical trials, and will discuss previous researches about the mechanism underlying the unique CsA action. I will then introduce the results of our cDNA subtraction experiment with or without CsA administration in the rat brain, along with our hypothesis about the mechanism underlying CsA’s effect on transcriptional regulation.
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29
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Zhu M, Hong D, Bao Y, Wang C, Pan W. Oridonin induces the apoptosis of metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma cells via a mitochondrial pathway. Oncol Lett 2013; 6:1502-1506. [PMID: 24179549 PMCID: PMC3813803 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2013.1541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The selective induction of apoptosis is a promising strategy for cancer therapy. The antitumor effects of oridonin have been reported in several types of malignant tumors. However, the effects of oridonin on MHCC97-H cells, a highly metastatic human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, have not been reported. The present study aimed to determine the effect of oridonin on the apoptosis of MHCC97-H cells and to identify the underlying molecular mechanisms that are involved. Compared with the untreated control cells, oridonin significantly decreased (P<0.05) cell proliferation in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Oridonin at concentrations of 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 μM resulted in increased apoptotic Annexin V-positive and propidium iodide-negative cells by 9.5, 15.6, 22.2 and 31.7%, respectively, compared with the control groups (P<0.05). The mitochondrial membrane potential was significantly decreased by 6.0, 12.9, 18.9 and 27.1% in the MHCC97-H cells that were treated with oridonin at concentrations of 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 μM, respectively, for 24 h compared with the control groups (P<0.05). Oridonin increased the activity of caspase-3 and the expression of cleaved caspase-9 and cytochrome c in the cytoplasm and decreased the Bcl-2:Bax ratio in a concentration-dependent manner. The data indicate that oridonin inhibited the proliferation of the MHCC97-H cells by inducing apoptosis via a mitochondrial pathway. This mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis involved a reduction in the mitochondrial membrane potential and the subsequent release of cytochrome c and activation of caspase-3 and -9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhu
- The Public Laboratory, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang, Wenzhou Medical College, Linhai, P.R. China
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Ahmad I, Mohmood I, Pacheco M, Santos MA, Duarte AC, Pereira E. Mercury's mitochondrial targeting with increasing age in Scrobicularia plana inhabiting a contaminated lagoon: damage-protection dichotomy and organ specificities. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 92:1231-1237. [PMID: 23711411 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to understand bivalves' (Scrobicularia plana) adaptive strategies, with emphasis on mitochondria as a target organelle, in response to mercury-contaminated environment. Inter-age and organ-specific approaches were applied using different annual size classes (2(+), 3(+), 4(+) and 5(+) years old) and assessing specific organs (gill, digestive gland), respectively. Bivalves were collected from moderately (M) and highly (H) contaminated sites at Laranjo basin - Ria de Aveiro (Portugal), where a mercury gradient was identified, and compared with those from a reference (R) site. Total antioxidants capacity (TAC) was measured in mitochondria, whereas the lipid peroxidation was assessed as a marker of damage. S. plana age determined the clams' vulnerability towards mercury induced mitochondrial peroxidative damage depending upon the mercury accumulation: younger animals were more vulnerable than older. Clams showed a decreasing trend of TAC with increasing age. This decrease was found to be statistically significant in 4(+) and 5(+) years at M; whereas, at H, with depleted TAC, remained same until they have grown 5(+) years. The organ specificity was evident for antioxidant response and peroxidative damage. A clear pattern of overall TAC increase in digestive gland (at M) and decrease in gill (at H) was observed, while only gills were found to be susceptible to peroxidative damage. Overall, mitochondria proved to be a sensitive fraction for the effects of mercury in S. plana inhabiting mercury contaminated area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqbal Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Functional implications of an early exposure to general anesthesia: are we changing the behavior of our children? Mol Neurobiol 2013; 48:288-93. [PMID: 23821029 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8488-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
There is a rapidly growing body of animal and clinical evidence suggesting that the exposure to anesthetics and sedatives during the critical stages of brain development results in long-lasting (perhaps permanent) impairment in cognitive development in a variety of mammalian species. With improved understanding of the mechanisms responsible for behavioral outcomes of anesthesia-induced developmental neurotoxicity, there is hope for development of protective strategies that will enable safe use of anesthesia in the youngest members of our society. Here, I review presently available evidence regarding anesthesia-induced neurocognitive and social behavioral impairments and possible strategies for preventing them. I also review limited and somewhat controversial evidence that examines the effects of nociception and surgical stimulation on anesthesia--induced developmental neurotoxicity.
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Boscolo A, Ori C, Bennett J, Wiltgen B, Jevtovic-Todorovic V. Mitochondrial protectant pramipexole prevents sex-specific long-term cognitive impairment from early anaesthesia exposure in rats. Br J Anaesth 2013; 110 Suppl 1:i47-52. [PMID: 23616588 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aet073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to general anaesthesia during critical stages of brain development results in long-lasting cognitive impairment. Co-administration of protective agents could minimize the detrimental effects of anaesthesia. Co-administration of R(+)pramipexole (PPX), a synthetic aminobenzothiazol derivative that restores mitochondrial integrity, prevents anaesthesia-induced mitochondrial and neuronal damage and prevents early development of cognitive impairment. Here, we determine the protective effects of PPX into late adulthood in male and female rats. METHODS Postnatal day 7 rats of both sexes were exposed to mock anaesthesia or combined midazolam, nitrous oxide, and isoflurane anaesthesia for 6 h with or without PPX. Cognitive abilities were assessed between 5 and 7 months of age using Morris water maze spatial navigation tasks. RESULTS Examination of spatial reference memory revealed that female, but not male, neonatal rats exposed to anaesthesia showed slowing of acquisition rates, which was significantly improved with PPX treatment. Examination of memory retention revealed that both male and female anaesthesia-treated rats have impaired memory retention performance compared with sham controls. Co-treatment with PPX resulted in improvement in memory retention in both sexes. CONCLUSION PPX provides long-lasting protection against cognitive impairment known to occur when very young animals are exposed to anaesthesia during the peak of brain development. Anaesthesia-induced cognitive impairment appears to be sex-specific with females being more vulnerable than males, suggesting that they could benefit more from early prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Boscolo
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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Siemen D, Ziemer M. What is the nature of the mitochondrial permeability transition poreand What is it Not? IUBMB Life 2013; 65:255-62. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.1130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Jevtovic-Todorovic V, Boscolo A, Sanchez V, Lunardi N. Anesthesia-induced developmental neurodegeneration: the role of neuronal organelles. Front Neurol 2012; 3:141. [PMID: 23087668 PMCID: PMC3468830 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2012.00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to general anesthetics (GAs) and antiepileptics during critical stages of brain development causes significant neurotoxicity to immature neurons. Many animal, and emerging human studies have shown long-term functional sequelae manifested as behavioral deficits and cognitive impairments. Since GAs and antiepileptic drugs are a necessity, current research is focused on deciphering the mechanisms responsible for anesthesia-induced developmental neurotoxicity so that protective strategies can be devised. These agents promote massive and wide-spread neuroapoptosis that is caused by the impairment of integrity and function of neuronal organelles. Mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum are particularly vulnerable. By promoting significant release of intracellular calcium from the endoplasmic reticulum, anesthetics cause an increase in mitochondrial calcium load resulting in the loss of their integrity, release of pro-apoptotic factors, functional impairment of ATP synthesis, and enhanced accumulation of reactive oxygen species. The possibility that GAs may have direct damaging effects on mitochondria, resulting in the impairment of their morphogenesis, also has been proposed. This review will present evidence that neuronal organelles are critical and early targets of anesthesia-induced developmental neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Jevtovic-Todorovic
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia Health System Charlottesville, VA, USA ; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia Charlottesville, VA, USA
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Corcia P, Gordon PH. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and the clinical potential of dexpramipexole. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2012; 8:359-66. [PMID: 22956874 PMCID: PMC3431958 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s21981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder that leads to progressive weakness from loss of motor neurons and death on average in less than 3 years after symptom onset. No clear causes have been found and just one medication, riluzole, extends survival. Researchers have identified some of the cellular processes that occur after disease onset, including mitochondrial dysfunction, protein aggregation, oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, inflammation, and apoptosis. Mitochondrial disease may be a primary event in neurodegeneration or occur secondary to other cellular processes, and may itself contribute to oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, and apoptosis. Clinical trials currently aim to slow disease progression by testing drugs that impact one or more of these pathways. While every agent tested in the 18 years after the approval of riluzole has been ineffective, basic and clinical research methods in ALS have become dramatically more sophisticated. Dexpramipexole (RPPX), the R(+) enantiomer of pramiprexole, which is approved for symptomatic treatment of Parkinson disease, carries perhaps the currently largest body of pre-and early clinical data that support testing in ALS. The neuroprotective properties of RPPX in various models of neurodegeneration, including the ALS murine model, may be produced through protective actions on mitochondria. Early phase trials in human ALS suggest that the drug can be taken safely by patients in doses that provide neuroprotection in preclinical models. A Phase III trial to test the efficacy of RPPX in ALS is underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Corcia
- Centre SLA, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France; UMR INSERM U930, Université François Rabelais de Tours (PC), Tours, France
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El-Beshbishy HA, Aly HAA, El-Shafey M. Lipoic acid mitigates bisphenol A-induced testicular mitochondrial toxicity in rats. Toxicol Ind Health 2012; 29:875-87. [PMID: 22623521 DOI: 10.1177/0748233712446728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the highest volume chemicals produced worldwide. BPA is used in the production of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins used in manufacturing plastic baby bottles and lining of food cans. In this study, we investigated the BPA-induced testicular oxidative stress and perturbation of mitochondrial marker enzymes in male albino rats and its amelioration by α-lipoic acid (LA). Rats were administered a dose of BPA (10 mg/kg body weight) orally for 14 days. This resulted in decreased testes weight, total testicular protein content, testicular enzymes such as acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase and decline in activities of marker mitochondrial enzymes such as succinate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, monoamine oxidase and NADH dehydrogenase. The serum testosterone and total antioxidant status were reduced. Besides, it also affected the activities of testicular antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase. BPA also caused lipid peroxidation and decrease in reduced glutathione content of mitochondria. The co-administration of LA (20 mg/kg body weight; orally for 14 days) together with BPA resulted in restoration of the mitochondrial marker enzyme activities and increasing enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants of mitochondria. The obtained results demonstrated that LA has a potential role in mitigating BPA-induced mitochondrial toxicity through antioxidant mechanism or by direct free radical scavenging activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham A El-Beshbishy
- 1Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
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Thiede A, Gellerich FN, Schönfeld P, Siemen D. Complex effects of 17β-estradiol on mitochondrial function. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2012; 1817:1747-53. [PMID: 22414665 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2012.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Revised: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Existing literature on estradiol indicates that it affects mitochondrial functions at low micromolar concentrations. Particularly blockade of the permeability transition pore (PTP) or modulation of the enzymatic activity of one or more complexes of the respiratory chain were suspicious. We prepared mitoplasts from rat liver mitochondria (RLM) to study by single-channel patch-clamp techniques the PTP, and from rat astrocytes to study the potassium BK-channel said to modulate the PTP. Additionally, we measured respiration of intact RLM. After application of 17β-estradiol (βE) our single-channel results reveal a transient increase of activity of both, the BK-channel and the PTP followed by their powerful inhibition. Respiration measurements demonstrate inhibition of the Ca(2+)-induced permeability transition, as well, though only at higher concentrations (≥30μM). At lower concentrations, we observed an increase of endogenous- and state 2-respiration. Furthermore, we show that βE diminishes the phosphorylating respiration supported by complex I-substrates (glutamate/malate) or by the complex II-substrate succinate. Taken together the results suggest that βE affects mitochondria by several modes, including partial inhibition of the activities of ion channels of the inner membrane and of respiration. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: 17th European Bioenergetics Conference (EBEC 2012).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Thiede
- Dept. of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
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Alavian KN, Dworetzky SI, Bonanni L, Zhang P, Sacchetti S, Mariggio MA, Onofrj M, Thomas A, Li H, Mangold JE, Signore AP, Demarco U, Demady DR, Nabili P, Lazrove E, Smith PJS, Gribkoff VK, Jonas EA. Effects of dexpramipexole on brain mitochondrial conductances and cellular bioenergetic efficiency. Brain Res 2012; 1446:1-11. [PMID: 22364637 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Cellular stress or injury can result in mitochondrial dysfunction, which has been linked to many chronic neurological disorders including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Stressed and dysfunctional mitochondria exhibit an increase in large conductance mitochondrial membrane currents and a decrease in bioenergetic efficiency. Inefficient energy production puts cells, and particularly neurons, at risk of death when energy demands exceed cellular energy production. Here we show that the candidate ALS drug dexpramipexole (DEX; KNS-760704; ((6R)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-N6-propyl-2,6-benzothiazole-diamine) and cyclosporine A (CSA) inhibited increases in ion conductance in whole rat brain-derived mitochondria induced by calcium or treatment with a proteasome inhibitor, although only CSA inhibited calcium-induced permeability transition in liver-derived mitochondria. In several cell lines, including cortical neurons in culture, DEX significantly decreased oxygen consumption while maintaining or increasing production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). DEX also normalized the metabolic profile of injured cells and was protective against the cytotoxic effects of proteasome inhibition. These data indicate that DEX increases the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation, possibly by inhibition of a CSA-sensitive mitochondrial conductance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kambiz N Alavian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Boscolo A, Starr JA, Sanchez V, Lunardi N, DiGruccio MR, Ori C, Erisir A, Trimmer P, Bennett J, Jevtovic-Todorovic V. The abolishment of anesthesia-induced cognitive impairment by timely protection of mitochondria in the developing rat brain: the importance of free oxygen radicals and mitochondrial integrity. Neurobiol Dis 2011; 45:1031-41. [PMID: 22198380 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2011.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Revised: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Early exposure to general anesthesia (GA) causes developmental neuroapoptosis in the mammalian brain and long-term cognitive impairment. Recent evidence suggests that GA also causes functional and morphological impairment of the immature neuronal mitochondria. Injured mitochondria could be a significant source of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which, if not scavenged in timely fashion, may cause excessive lipid peroxidation and damage of cellular membranes. We examined whether early exposure to GA results in ROS upregulation and whether mitochondrial protection and ROS scavenging prevent GA-induced pathomorphological and behavioral impairments. We exposed 7-day-old rats to GA with or without either EUK-134, a synthetic ROS scavenger, or R(+) pramipexole (PPX), a synthetic aminobenzothiazol derivative that restores mitochondrial integrity. We found that GA causes extensive ROS upregulation and lipid peroxidation, as well as mitochondrial injury and neuronal loss in the subiculum. As compared to rats given only GA, those also given PPX or EUK-134 had significantly downregulated lipid peroxidation, preserved mitochondrial integrity, and significantly less neuronal loss. The subiculum is highly intertwined with the hippocampal CA1 region, anterior thalamic nuclei, and both entorhinal and cingulate cortices; hence, it is important in cognitive development. We found that PPX or EUK-134 co-treatment completely prevented GA-induced cognitive impairment. Because mitochondria are vulnerable to GA-induced developmental neurotoxicity, they could be an important therapeutic target for adjuvant therapy aimed at improving the safety of commonly used GAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Boscolo
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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Anjum S, Rahman S, Kaur M, Ahmad F, Rashid H, Ansari RA, Raisuddin S. Melatonin ameliorates bisphenol A-induced biochemical toxicity in testicular mitochondria of mouse. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 49:2849-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.07.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2011] [Revised: 07/25/2011] [Accepted: 07/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Cheng Y, Gulbins E, Siemen D. Activation of the Permeability Transition Pore by Bax via Inhibition of the Mitochondrial BK Channel. Cell Physiol Biochem 2011; 27:191-200. [DOI: 10.1159/000327944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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Bozik ME, Mather JL, Kramer WG, Gribkoff VK, Ingersoll EW. Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of KNS-760704 (dexpramipexole) in healthy adult subjects. J Clin Pharmacol 2010; 51:1177-85. [PMID: 20959524 DOI: 10.1177/0091270010379412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dexpramipexole (KNS-760704; [6R]-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-N6-propyl-2,6-benzothiazole-diamine) is a novel synthetic amino-benzothiazole in development for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Preclinical studies have shown that dexpramipexole is neuroprotective in vitro and in vivo, is highly orally bioavailable and water soluble, and rapidly achieves and maintains high central nervous system concentrations relative to plasma. Two phase 1 clinical studies were conducted to assess the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics (PK) of single and multiple doses of dexpramipexole in 54 healthy male and female adults. The effect of food on the single-dose PK of dexpramipexole was also evaluated. Single doses (50 mg, 150 mg, or 300 mg) and multiple doses (50 mg twice daily, 100 mg twice daily, or 150 mg twice daily) of dexpramipexole over 4.5 days were safe and well tolerated. Dexpramipexole was rapidly absorbed, with time to maximum plasma concentration ranging from 1.8 to 2.6 hours and half-life ranging from 6.4 to 8.1 hours under fasted conditions, and was mostly eliminated in urine as unchanged parent drug (84%-90% of dose). Food had no effect on the single-dose PK of dexpramipexole. These findings support the ongoing development of dexpramipexole for the treatment of ALS and further evaluation of the compound's therapeutic potential in other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Stein DG, Wright DW. Progesterone in the clinical treatment of acute traumatic brain injury. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2010; 19:847-57. [DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2010.489549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Parvez S, Winkler-Stuck K, Hertel S, Schönfeld P, Siemen D. The dopamine-D2-receptor agonist ropinirole dose-dependently blocks the Ca2+-triggered permeability transition of mitochondria. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2010; 1797:1245-50. [PMID: 20144882 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2010.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2009] [Revised: 01/22/2010] [Accepted: 02/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Ropinirole, an agonist of the post-synaptic dopamine D2-receptor, exerts neuroprotective activity. The mechanism is still under discussion. Assuming that this neuroprotection might be associated with inhibition of the apoptotic cascade underlying cell death, we examined a possible effect of ropinirole on the permeability transition pore (mtPTP) in the mitochondrial inner membrane. Using isolated rat liver mitochondria, the effect of ropinirole was studied on Ca2+-triggered large amplitude swelling, membrane depolarization and cytochrome c release. In addition, the effect of ropinirole on oxidation of added, membrane-impermeable NADH was investigated. The results revealed doubtlessly, that ropinirole can inhibit permeability transition. In patch-clamp experiments on mitoplasts, we show directly that ropinirole interacts with the mtPTP. Thus, ropinirole reversibly inhibits the opening of mtPTP with an IC50 of 3.4 microM and a Hill coefficient of 1.3. In both systems (i.e. energized mitochondria and mitoplasts) the inhibitory effect on permeability transition was attenuated by increasing concentrations of inorganic phosphate. In addition, we showed with antimycin A-treated mitochondria that ropinirole failed to suppress respiratory chain-linked reactive oxygen species release. In conclusion, our data suggest that the neuroprotective activity of ropinirole is due to the blockade of the Ca2+-triggered permeability transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhel Parvez
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Leipziger Str. 44, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany
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Ferrari-Toninelli G, Maccarinelli G, Uberti D, Buerger E, Memo M. Mitochondria-targeted antioxidant effects of S(-) and R(+) pramipexole. BMC Pharmacol 2010; 10:2. [PMID: 20137065 PMCID: PMC2829550 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2210-10-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2009] [Accepted: 02/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pramipexole exists as two isomers. The S(-) enantiomer is a potent D3/D2 receptor agonist and is extensively used in the management of PD. In contrast, the R(+) enantiomer is virtually devoid of any of the DA agonist effects. Very limited studies are available to characterize the pharmacological spectrum of the R(+) enantiomer of pramipexole. Results Using differentiated SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells as an experimental model, here we show that S(-) and R(+) pramipexole are endowed with equipotent efficacy in preventing cell death induced by H2O2 and inhibiting mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation. Both pramipexole enantiomers prevented mitochondrial ROS generation with a potency about ten times higher then that elicited for neuroprotection. Conclusions These results support the concept of both S(-) and R(+) pramipexole enantiomers as mitochondria-targeted antioxidants and suggest that the antioxidant, neuroprotective activity of these drugs is independent of both the chiral 6-propylamino group in the pramipexole molecule and the DA receptor stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Ferrari-Toninelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnologies and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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Abstract
Traumatic brain injury is a significant clinical problem for which there is still no effective treatment. Recent laboratory and clinical data demonstrate a potentially beneficial role for neurosteroids, such as progesterone and allopregnanolone, in the treatment of traumatic brain injury, ischemic stroke and some neurodegenerative disorders. Unlike single-target agents, progesterone affects many of the molecular and physiological processes in the cascade of secondary damage after a traumatic brain injury. This article updates a 2006 Future Neurology review of the research on progesterone and its metabolites in the treatment of traumatic brain injury, and presents new evidence that vitamin D deficiency can reduce progesterone neuroprotection, while combining progesterone with vitamin D produces better functional outcomes after TBI compared with eithertreatment alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milos Cekic
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Donald G Stein
- Clinic B, Suite 5100, 1365B Clifton Road NE, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Interaction of mitochondrial potassium channels with the permeability transition pore. FEBS Lett 2009; 584:2005-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2009.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2009] [Accepted: 12/20/2009] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The death of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD) appears to have various causes, including oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction (and associated apoptosis), ubiquitin/proteasomal dysfunction, and inflammation, any of which could in principle be the therapeutic target of a neuroprotective drug. The biology of dopaminergic neurons offers further potential targets, involving neurotrophic factors, dopamine-neuron genes, and even neurogenesis. OBJECTIVE To outline each hypothetical neuroprotective mechanism, the evidence suggesting its relevance to PD, and the research on pharmacologic intervention. METHODS A PubMed search was conducted to identify relevant preclinical and clinical literature published between 1989 and 2009. Additional articles were identified by reviewing the reference lists of papers selected in the original search. To circumscribe the survey and facilitate consideration of the conditions required for a neuroprotective effect, emphasis was placed on a single drug class, dopamine agonists, and in particular pramipexole. REVIEW OF THE FIELD: In a variety of in vitro and in vivo PD models, pramipexole exhibited preclinical evidence of neuroprotective actions of all hypothesized types, and in human neuroimaging studies it slowed the rate of loss of markers of dopaminergic function, consistent with drug-conferred neuroprotection in PD itself. Interpretation of the preclinical data was hampered by differences among models and by uncertainties concerning each model's mimicry of PD. Overall, the identified neuroprotection almost always required pretreatment (i.e., before insult) and high drug concentration. Interpretation of the clinical data was hampered by absence of placebo control and of a direct measure of neuroprotection. CONCLUSIONS Although the evidence is promising, neuroprotection in PD remains an elusive goal. In whatever form it emerges, neuroprotective therapy would be a strong argument against deferring PD treatment until symptoms are a significant life impediment, and thus would add urgency to early PD identification.
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Sayeed I, Parvez S, Wali B, Siemen D, Stein DG. Direct inhibition of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore: A possible mechanism for better neuroprotective effects of allopregnanolone over progesterone. Brain Res 2009; 1263:165-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2008] [Revised: 01/13/2009] [Accepted: 01/18/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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